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ABSTRACT Background The oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) survival rate is influenced by the fact that diagnoses occur mostly in late stages of the disease. Thus, there is a clear contribution in the early findings, making the use of minimally invasive techniques for diagnosis, such as analysis of salivary markers, interesting tools. Methods A systematic review was performed with all studies that establish a comparison between the levels of saliva-based markers found in patients with OSCC compared with cancer-free individuals. Results Twenty-eight studies were included. Of them, only 12 showed some caution with oral conditions before sample collection. A wide range of potential markers was evaluated; however, the comparison between studies was impaired because each marker was hardly explored by more than 1 article. Conclusion The lack of methodological criteria within studies and the absence of consensus on marker choice are obstacles for future researches. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 797-811, 2017 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Considering the role of growth factors in periodontal regeneration, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1), alone or in combination, on the rate of proliferation and adhesion of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells in vitro.Methods: After establishment and characterization of a primary culture of PDL cells, 72 culture dishes were plated with 103 cells distributed among four test groups and a control group. Test groups had PDGF-BB, TGF-β1, IGF-1, or a combination of all three added to the culture medium, whereas the control group received no growth factor. The samples were counted in triplicate 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after seeding. For the adhesion assay, 14 patients provided 30 root fragments distributed among 10 groups: scaling and root planing (SRP), SRP + growth factors, SRP + citric acid plus tetracycline (CA+T), and SRP + (CA+T) + growth factors. The data were evaluated statistically by analysis of variance complemented by Tukey, Dunnett, and Student-Newman-Keuels methods.Results: Maximum rates of proliferation were observed at day 3 for all groups. TGF-β1 induced a 344.17% ± 58.80% increased proliferation rate over control (P <0.05), followed by the combination (277.5% ± 29.38%), PDGF-BB (238.79% ± 5.79%), and IGF-1 (233.16% ± 19.19%). Groups treated by (CA+T) showed increased numbers of cells attached to root fragments, especially SRP + (CA+T) + combination (13.25 ± 1.79), with significant differences (P <0.05) from groups treated only by SRP.Conclusion: This combination of growth factors stimulated a mitogenic response and favored the adhesion of PDL cells in vitro, suggesting its possible role in periodontal regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focused Clinical Question: How should cases of altered passive and active eruption be diagnosed, classified, and treated? Summary: Frequently, a “gummy smile” contributes to esthetic problems and is caused by several factors such as vertical maxillary growth, dentoalveolar extrusion, short upper lip, upper lip hyperactivity, altered passive eruption (APE), or a combination of these factors. APE is a genetic or developmental condition characterized by coronal positioning of the gingival margin over enamel, resulting in short clinical crowns. Active eruption is defined as tooth movement in the occlusal direction as the tooth erupts from its osseous crypt. Altered active eruption (AAE) occurs when teeth achieve the opposite relationship to the occlusal plane prematurely and the osseous crest is on or very close to the cemento‐enamel junction. Thus, correct understanding of biologic events related to APE and AAE should be considered in the classification of a gummy smile. This article proposes a modification of a previous clinical classification and provides a surgical guide for treatment planning of cases involving APE and/or AAE. Periodontal biotypes are also taken into consideration. Conclusions: This article proposes modification of a previous classification dealing with two eruptive processes known as AAE and APE. Clinical cases and schemes enable understanding and treatment planning of different conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective Many techniques and flap designs have been used to treat gingival recession by root coverage, but subepithelial connective tissue graft ( SCTG) seems to be the gold standard procedure. In an attempt to improve the healing process and increase the success rate of root coverage, some authors have used root modifiers, including different root conditioners, lasers, EMD, recombinant human growth factors and platelet-rich plasma ( PRP). The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of root biomodification in clinical outcomes of gingival recessions treated with SCTG. Material and Methods Studies reporting SCTG associated with any form of root surface biomodification for root coverage of gingival recessions (Miller Class I and Class II) were considered as eligible for inclusion. Studies needed to have data of clinical outcomes in a follow up of at least 6 months. Screening of the articles, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently and in duplicate. Results None of the products evaluated (citric acid, EDTA, PRP, lasers and EMD) showed evident benefits in clinical outcomes. Test and control groups presented similar outcomes related to root coverage and periodontal parameters, with no statistical differences between them. The exception was root biomodification with the neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd: YAG) laser, which impaired root coverage and had a detrimental effect on clinical outcomes. Conclusion Based on the present clinical data, the use of root surface modifiers to improve clinical outcomes in gingival recessions treated with SCTG is not justified. More in vivo studies, and randomized clinical trials with larger sample sizes and extended follow up, are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new route for the production of oxide glasses containing copper nanoparticles was explored. The antimony(iii) oxide redox route allowed the use of the reducing properties of α-Sb2O3 during melting to decrease the oxidation number of copper ions in the glassy matrix. Such glasses have different CuII/CuI ratios in their composition, as well as different metallic copper nanoparticles with different size distributions depending on Sb2O3 content. The electronic spectrum of 0.3NaPO3–0.6Sb2O3–0.1CuO glass showed a band at 585 nm assigned to the localized surface plasmon resonance transition from copper nanoparticles, which is a very important property for surface-enhanced spectroscopies. Raman spectroscopy studies of these glasses showed that the short range structure around Sb atoms is closely related to the high temperature β-Sb2O3 phase. Upon heating, α-Sb2O3→α-Sb2O4→β-Sb2O4→β-Sb2O3 phase transitions occurred with increasing temperatures. The short range structures of the glass-forming liquid and the resulting glass were shown to be related to the most stable phase at the melting temperature. Surface enhanced fluorescence spectra from ErIII ions, induced by the presence of copper nanoparticles, could be observed in doped glasses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Specimens of neotropical Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) were collected and identified morphologically. We amplified three genes for phylogenetic analysis–the single copy nuclear white and CAD genes, and the COI barcode region. Since we had multiple specimens for most species we were able to test how well the single or combined genes were able to corroborate morphologically defined species by placing the species into exclusive groups. We found that single genes, including the COI barcode region, were poor at confirming species, but that the three genes combined were able to do so much better. This has implications for species identification, species delimitation, and species discovery, and we caution that single genes are not enough. Higher level groupings were partially resolved with some well-supported groupings, whereas others were found to be either polyphyletic or paraphyletic. There were examples of known groups, such as the Myzorhynchella Section, which were poorly supported with single genes but were well supported with combined genes. From this we can infer that more sequence data will be needed in order to show more higher-level groupings with good support. We got unambiguously good support (0.94–1.0 Bayesian posterior probability) from all DNA-based analyses for a grouping of An. dunhami with An. nuneztovari and An. goeldii, and because of this and because of morphological similarities we propose that An. dunhami be included in the Nuneztovari Complex. We obtained phylogenetic corroboration for new species which had been recognised by morphological differences; these will need to be formally described and named. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Int J Dent Hygiene , 2011; 21-29 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5037.2009.00423.x Carrilho Neto A, De Paula Ramos S, Sant'ana ACP, Passanezi E. Oral health status among hospitalized patients. To investigate into oral health status and its association with health status in hospitalized patients. A total of 82 patients were examined and 49 (59.7%) patients were men. The patients answered a survey and oral examinations to detect the number of teeth, oral hygiene index, prostheses hygiene, oral lesions, caries, dental plaque index (DPI), gingival inflammation index (GI), gingival bleeding index, periodontitis and periodontal index. Oral hygiene was associated with age, but it was not related to physical disability. Difficulty eating was mainly associated with age and tooth loss. All full and partially dentate patients presented dental plaque, 38 (69%) poor oral hygiene, 58 (98.1%) gingival inflammation, 41 (74.5%) periodontal disease and 33 (60%) caries. Oral lesions were detected in 30 (36.5%) and candidiasis ( n = 16, 19.6%) was the most frequent mucous lesion. Caries were associated with smoking and poor oral hygiene. Hospital length of stay and age were associated with increased DPI and GI. The majority of hospitalized patients did not present satisfactory oral hygiene. Caries and periodontal diseases are associated with health behaviours. Increased time length at hospital could increase gingival inflammation and dental plaque accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Considering the role of growth factors in periodontal regeneration, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1), alone or in combination, on the rate of proliferation and adhesion of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells in vitro.Methods: After establishment and characterization of a primary culture of PDL cells, 72 culture dishes were plated with 10(3) cells distributed among four test groups and a control group. Test groups had PDGF-BB, TGF-beta1, IGF-1, or a combination of all three added to the culture medium, whereas the control group received no growth factor. The samples were counted in triplicate 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after seeding. For the adhesion assay, 14 patients provided 30 root fragments distributed among 10 groups: scaling and root planing (SRP), SRP + growth factors, SRP + citric acid plus tetracycline (CA+T), and SRP + (CA+T) + growth factors. The data were evaluated statistically by analysis of variance complemented by Tukey, Dunnett, and Student-Newman-Keuels methods.Results: Maximum rates of proliferation were observed at day 3 for all groups. TGF-beta1 induced a 344.17% +/- 58.80% increased proliferation rate over control (P < 0.05), followed by the combination (277.5% +/- 29.38%), PDGF-BB (238.79% +/- 5.79%), and IGF-1 (233.16% +/- 19.19%). Groups treated by (CA+T) showed increased numbers of cells attached to root fragments, especially SRP + (CA+T) + combination (13.25 +/- 1.79), with significant differences (P < 0.05) from groups treated only by SRP.Conclusion: This combination of growth factors stimulated a mitogenic response and favored the adhesion of PDL cells in vitro, suggesting its possible role in periodontal regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Specimens of neotropical Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) were collected and identified morphologically. We amplified three genes for phylogenetic analysis–the single copy nuclear white and CAD genes, and the COI barcode region. Since we had multiple specimens for most species we were able to test how well the single or combined genes were able to corroborate morphologically defined species by placing the species into exclusive groups. We found that single genes, including the COI barcode region, were poor at confirming species, but that the three genes combined were able to do so much better. This has implications for species identification, species delimitation, and species discovery, and we caution that single genes are not enough. Higher level groupings were partially resolved with some well-supported groupings, whereas others were found to be either polyphyletic or paraphyletic. There were examples of known groups, such as the Myzorhynchella Section, which were poorly supported with single genes but were well supported with combined genes. From this we can infer that more sequence data will be needed in order to show more higher-level groupings with good support. We got unambiguously good support (0.94–1.0 Bayesian posterior probability) from all DNA-based analyses for a grouping of An. dunhami with An. nuneztovari and An. goeldii, and because of this and because of morphological similarities we propose that An. dunhami be included in the Nuneztovari Complex. We obtained phylogenetic corroboration for new species which had been recognised by morphological differences; these will need to be formally described and named. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for trace determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is described. This paper focuses on the development of SERS-active substrates that are specific for the characterization and spectroscopic study of PAHs. The SERS-active substrates are based on thin gold films evaporated on a glass surface previously treated with a mercaptoalkylsilane. SERS of PAHs was investigated over uncoated gold island films and over such films coated with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 1-propanethiol. Adsorption of PAHs on a plain SERS-active Au-film led to a surface-induced decomposition of PAHs, due to catalytic properties of nanostructured gold. Thus, the functionalization of the SERS-active substrates by means of SAM was done aiming at a specific chemical interaction toward PAHs. Thus, in addition to preventing decomposition of the PAHs, the coating also concentrates the hydrophobic PAHs close enough to the SERS-active interface. Results show that high sensitivity, SERS-active nanostructured gold substrates that show selectivity towards PAHs were obtained, with the following properties: strong intensification of the Raman signal, reproducibility, and stability over time. The employed methodology enables the observation of excellent Raman spectra of PAHs in aqueous environment at ppm levels.