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This study points out the evidences of neotectonics and possible existence of active fault in northern part of Saurashtra Peninsula. The methodology used for the detection of neotectonism are: a) analysis of numerical data obtained from Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and its derivatives (morphometric indices), b) study of geomorphic markers and c) correlation of seismic & palaeoseismic data and geomorphology with structural lineaments. Morphometric indices such as drainage density, stream frequency, bifurcation ratio, basin length, basin relief, relief ratio, elongation ratio, stream gradient index, hypsometric index and sinuosity ratio have been used to assess the tectonic signatures. Morphometric indices suggest that Aji river basin is tectonically active, whereas Und and Sasoi river basins show some of the parameters in active tectonic range. Regional study using remotely sensed data (Landsat OLI multispectral) has helped to show a) about 100° dextral rotation of Aji river trunk channel near the Gulf coast and b) dextral deflection of both Aji and Und river about 25 km from the coast. Study of a segment of Aji river basin near Ranjitpura- Balamba proved upliftment and tilting of land resulting a) narrowing of trunk channel towards sea, b) development of new sets of channels over tilted river terrace, c) development of beheaded channels, d) presence of palaeo-channels and palaeo-delta in different directions with the present ones and e) formation of estuary with definite geometric shape. Occurrence of earthquake epicentres, in conformity with predicted lineaments in addition to paleoseismic records supports the existence of the fault. On the basis of integrated evidences it has been established that the Saurashtra coast along the Gulf of Kachchh is tectonically active with the existence of a dextral strike slip fault (ENE-WSW trending) with a rotational component manifesting tilting of the northern block towards east.

Digital intelligence features the competence to transmit data at a swifter measure with a substantially superior computing relaxation. Hindrance to this is the up rise of copyright transgression problems. In digital watermarking, novel consumer embeds a distinguishable imprint in the digital medium for eschewing franchise breach. A tunnelled version of the aforementioned methodology is medical image watermarking which primarily focuses on embedding of the watermark in a concerned medical pictorial. The writers have concerned on the realm of intelligent medical image watermarking. Medicative images like USG, CT scan, MRI and X-rays are utilised. An inkling of shovelling a masked image in juxtaposition to the novel medical paradigm has been insinuated. The binary mask used is primarily sectioned according to a fixed ratio and in accordance with a predefined intelligent schematic, the watermark bits are hidden in only a part of the sections to prevent distortion of the information pixels in the medical image. The entrenchment and excerpting epistemologies have been operationalised utilising FPGA. The image testing parameter outcomes are discernibly persistent. Furthermore, an analogy of the proposed approach against few germane methods ensures the supremacy of the technique put forward.

Digital information, being discrete in nature, possesses the capability to transfer more information at a faster rate with a significantly higher processing ease, all of which are in sharp contrast to analogue information. This has led to digital information being at the forefront of different types of media like image, video and audio. The only drawback of this has been the rise of copyright infringement issues, whereby the original owner becomes devoid of his claim over his uniquely designed creation because of duplicity and tampering by malicious users. Digital watermarking is a well sought out solution to this. The original user deliberately implants a distinctively identifiable impression onto the digital media for preventing copyright violation. The authors over here have focused on the specific domain of Medical Image Watermarking. Medical images like X-rays, USG, and MRI have revolutionized the medication fraternity by providing enhanced diagnosis and treatment of patients. But at the same time, copyright infringement of the medical images is a growing concern. To curb this problem, a notion of creating a binary masked image in comparison to the original medical image has been suggested. The mask helps in specifically identifying the region of interest (ROI)wherein the encrypted watermark has to be implanted for better imperceptibility and security. The encrypted watermark is embedded in the spatial domain, that is, the Least Significant Bit (LSB)of image pixels are modified in accordance to the watermarking bits. For a widespread acceptance of the proposed technique, the embedding and extracting methodologies have been implemented using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The imperceptibility, security and bit hiding capacity results are appreciably substantial. Further, a comparison of the suggested technique against some already relevant cutting edge techniques guarantees the superiority of the proposed technique.

OBJECTIVE Percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) is one of the commonest procedures performed. There are currently no European recommendations on the accepted rate of complications. The aim of the present study is to report the complication rate of PCN with the specific emphasis on sepsis and septic shock, the causative organisms, sensitivities to antibiotics, and associated risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS Retrospectively collected data on patients undergoing acute or elective PCN at the Department of Radiology, Countess of Chester Hospital (COCH), in the UK between January 2014 and December 2016 were analyzed after the study was approved by Local Audit Department at COCH. RESULTS A total of 66 patients underwent 90 acute or elective PCNs. Three patients developed major post-PCN complication (two patients developed septic shock and the third suffered a hemorrhagic episode requiring blood transfusion). Nephrostomy tube complications (blockage, leaking, fracturing and kinking of the catheter) occurred in 4 patients. Complications were more common when the PCN was performed out of working hours (71.4% [10/14], and 17.3% [9/52] for PCNs performed within, and out of working hours, respectively: p

Introduction Haematospermia is an uncommon clinical condition that may be associated with prostate cancer. The optimal investigation of haematospermia is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate haematospermia as a presenting symptom of significant pathology and to assess the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Material and methods Patient and treatment parameters were collected from a practice cohort of men referred to a urology center presenting with haematospermia. We used a multivariate logistic regression model to test the independent significance of MRI in detecting prostate cancer (PCa) after adjusting for other known predictors of PCa detection. Results A total of 125 men (median age 58 years) were evaluated between 2012-2015. In the univariate and multivariate logistic regression model MRI was a significant predictor of PCa diagnosis after adjusting for age, prostate specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination (DRE) results (Odds Ratio (OR) 14.15, p = 0.001). Of 107 patients who underwent MRI prostate imaging, 31 (28.9%) had reports suspicious of PCa. In 26 patients, other benign conditions were detected on MRI. PCa was detected in 12 (25.5%) of the 47 men (median age 61 years; range 43 to 85) who underwent prostate biopsies. Eight (17%) of these patients had Gleason ≥7 grade cancer. The persistence of haematospermia was not an independent predictor of cancer diagnosis (OR 0.20, p = 0.15). Conclusions PCa is not commonly associated with haematospermia. MRI seems to be improving detection rate of a significant PCa, particularly in patients presenting with haematospermia and normal PSA levels and DRE examination. Duration of haematospermia does not predict the presence of PCa.

Aims: The main objective of this paper is to assess the opinion of the direct stakeholders (i.e. Promoters, Donors, Financial Institutions and Group itself) of SHGs regarding the parameters (like design, governance, operational, impact etc.) to be considered while assessing the quality of SHGs. Study Design: The study was exploratory in nature with Meta Analysis as well as Psychometric Approach based on empiricism. Place and Duration of Study: The present study covers all the direct Stakeholders of SHGs of Nagaon districts of Assam, India only. Information through questionnaires were collected during first half of 2012 i.e. from March, 2012 to July, 2012. Methodology: The information about the number of SHGs in respective development blocks and number of other stakeholders were obtained from the Office of DRDA, Nagaon, Assam, India. With multi-stage random sampling method, initially after collection of 116 filled up questionnaires from the respondents, editing of the data was undertaken in order to ensure the omission, completeness and consistency of the data. Finally, 100 questionnaires consisting 44 SHG group members, 12 Financial, 10 Donors and 34 promoters were selected. The questionnaire was personally administered to all direct Original Research Article British Journal of Economics, Management & Trade, 4(4): 487-522, 2014 488 stakeholders except Group members. Some questionnaires were collected directly by the researcher on face-to-face method and some of them were collected by arranging meetings at village level. In order to gain an in-depth understanding on the research topic specially structured questionnaires were prepared and were later judged by groups of content judges and finally it was pilot tested. Further, the data collected through the questionnaires were analysed through measures of descriptive statistics like mean, median and standard deviation. Chronbach’s alpha, one sample KolmogorovSmirnov Test, Shapiro-Wilk Test, Kruskal Wallis Test and Eta Squared Test were also applied in analysing and interpreting the data. Results: It was observed from KW Test that there exists enough evidence to conclude that there is a no difference among the opinion of the direct stakeholders of SHGs regarding the parameters to be considered while assessing the quality of SHGs. Further, to investigate the degree of association, Eta Squared test was conducted and it indicates low a level of association. Conclusion: It can be discerned that Groups of QAP-I covering feeling of homogeneity/ solidarity, member awareness about financial, transactions involvement in village issues etc. are the statements where there are no differences of opinion amongst the stakeholders while Groups of QAP-II where differences of opinion exists amongst the stakeholders exists and are considered more decisive statements or factors influencing the quality assessment parameters of SHG under given methodology which was also virtually supported by other researchers. Further, the present study also satisfies the two models of generalisability i.e. Statistical generalisation and transferability or reader generalisability.

Sodium fluoride, used as a pesticide in agriculture, is also an ingredient of toothpastes which help to fight dental problems. In this study, Drosophila melanogaster, a non-target organism, is used to explore morphological changes in the adult compound eye as a function of exposure to fluoride at 20, 40, 80, 100 and 150 mg L−1, using scanning electron microscopy. The experimental concentrations were much lower than the ones used in the studies of the British Association of Community Dentistry. Distinct morphological alterations in the eye of the treated insects revealed ommatidial ridges and disoriented mechanosensory bristles which were most prominent in the 40 and 80 mg L−1 treatment groups. Since humans and Drosophila share homology in many genes that are involved in developmental pathways, the present findings raise concern on the use of sodium fluoride as a pesticide.

Cystoscopy is most common diagnostic investigation. The examination technique and the findings, both normal and pathological, were well described described a hundred years ago. With technological advances, there has been over-emphasis on imaging modalities for diagnostic purposes. A basic maneuver of examining the ureteral orifices is sometimes rushed through when in fact careful examination can clinch the diagnosis. The importance is exemplified by two cases, one of which is a rare case of Xanthoma of the ureter.

Geological setting, petrology and geochemistry of a new find of lamprophyre dykes, intruding the Precambrian basement gneisses from the Chhota Udepur area, Narmada rift zone, Western India, are presented. Of the three lamprophyre dykes, two of them display E–W trend paralleling that of the Narmada rift, extend up to ∼2.5 km in length and constitute the longest yet recorded lamprophyre dykes from the Indian shield. The Chhota Udepur lamprophyres (CUL) show several overlapping mineralogical and geochemical characteristic features displayed by alkaline- and calc-alkaline lamprophyres and hence it is not straight forward to pigeon-hole them in existing lamprophyre classification schemes. They are porphyritic–panidiomorphic with euhedral to sub-hedral phenocrysts and microphenocrysts of olivine (Fo78.33–78.42 Fa21.24–21.37), diopsidic augite to titaniferous augite (Wo54.83–59.03 En36.75–41.36 Fs0.1–5.66), biotite and amphibole (kaersutite). Feldspar (orthoclase perthite and plagioclase) is essentially confined to the groundmass along with accessory phases such as apatite and spinel (ti-magnetite). Rare carbonate ocelli are also present. In terms of major element geochemistry the CUL are nepeheline-normative and predominantly sodic (Na2O > K2O); yet their K2O and SiO2 contents are sufficiently high to signal traits of calc-alkaline lamprophyres. On the other hand, the CUL exclude negative spikes at Nb–Ta which are considered to be a characteristic of subduction-related (calc-alkaline) magmas, are highly evolved (Mg#: 27.82–55.45), enriched in incompatible trace elements (high La/Nb, Zr/Nb) and have fractionated REE distribution patterns (La/YbN ratios: 35–44). Post-emplacement alteration and crustal contamination have had little influence on their geochemistry. Th/Yb, Ta/Yb, Nb/U and Ce/Pb ratios of the CUL imply an OIB type-enriched mantle source, similar to that displayed by other Deccan-related lamprophyres. A metasomatised (enriched) garnet lherzolite mantle source with very low degrees of partial melting that has subsequently undergone a large degrees of fractional crystallisation is capable of accounting observed REE geochemistry of the CUL. We infer the lamprophyres of Chhota Udepur area to be a part of the alkaline rock spectrum of the Deccan Large Igneous Province and their emplacement, together with that of other alkaline complexes in the Chhota Udepur area, is envisaged to be strongly controlled by pre-existing crustal weakness accentuated by the mantle plume–lithosphere interaction during the end-Cretaceous in the Narmada rift zone.

The 2001 Bhuj earthquake (Mw 7.7), one of the most severe earthquakes in the recent history of India, reactivated various existing active faults. It is manifested in the form of coseismic ground fissures/cracks and upheaval of land in the form of bumps. Identification and reactivation of Loriya Fault is established by 1—Geomorphic changes with the help of digital imagery (LISS III images). 2—Coseismic changes through ground checks and 3—Geophysical signatures through magnetic and gravity survey. A lineament cutting the north-western part of the Pur River alluvial fan has been revealed by satellite imagery. The streams flowing along the lineament add to the evidences of a weak plane, while the occurrence of coseismic ground fissures confirms the existence of an active fault. No dip slip movement is recorded in the trenches made across the Loriya active fault while the en-echelon pattern of ground fissures suggest strike slip movement along the fault due to 2001 earthquake.

Tea is world’s most popular beverages and is the economical backbones of various tea producing countries like India, China, Sri Lanka, Kenya etc. Indian tea is very much famous in the world, especially Darjeeling tea which is famous for its unique flavour and taste. Among the various types of tea, Orthodox tea is highly demandable among the various types of tea due to its quality. Present article focused on different types of major tea processing in India. In India, mostly three types of tea processing are practices, among them, CTC tea processing is more common followed by Green tea and Orthodox tea. In this paper, step wise details manufacturing process are presented. All the data are extracted during the extensive survey in different world famous tea gardens of Darjeeling hills, terai and duars of Northern West Bengal.

Ultrasonically it is extremely difficult to accurately distinguish testicular infarct from neoplasm. We describe a case which highlights this, together with the previously unreported phenomenon of a localized infarct secondary to trauma.

There have been major changes in the share of road and rail traffic in India as the economy and the population has grown and become more urbanized. This paper summarizes the key factors for mode choice in freight transport that were found in India in a recent survey based on the logistics cost model of shipper behavior. Both the relative importance of these factors and customer rating of satisfaction is presented.

A 64-year-old man presented with 1 month of gradual-onset left leg swelling and lower urinary tract symptoms including enuresis, frequency and poor stream. He was initially treated for suspected cellulitis, however, he returned 2 weeks later with persistence of his symptoms. Routine biochemical investigation revealed renal failure (Cr 623, Ur 29.9) and hyperkalaemia (K 7.2). Abdominal examination revealed a distended urinary bladder and an ultrasound scan revealed hydronephrosis, confirming the diagnosis of chronic high-pressure urinary retention. A urinary catheter was passed that initially drained 1.5 litre of clear urine. Shortly after insertion, this became heavily blood stained. A CT kidney ureter bladder (CTKUB) revealed a large mass behind the bladder thought to represent either an abscess or tumour. Cystoscopic correlation showed this to be a large, narrow-necked bladder diverticulum tensely distended with clot. Following successful clot evacuation and decompression of the bladder the leg swelling resolved and renal function improved.