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La reducción de las temperaturas de producción de las mezclas asfálticas, presenta en la actualidad uno de los desafíos más importantes en la ingeniería de caminos. El presente artículo estudia una de las últimas tecnologías para la fabricación de mezclas asfálticas templadas/warm mix asphalt denominada emulsión super-estabilizada. Se estudió la aplicabilidad de los procedimientos de mezclado y compactación de mezclas asfálticas en caliente a este tipo de mezclas templadas. También se compararon propiedades físicas y mecánicas de las mezclas con emulsión super-estabilizada versus mezclas asfálticas en caliente. Se determinó que el método de fabricación más apropiado para estas mezclas templadas es aquel que considera el uso del compactador giratorio. Las propiedades de las mezclas templadas fueron diferentes a las de las mezclas en caliente, sin embargo dentro de rangos adecuados. Reducing the temperatures in the production of asphalt mixes is currently one the most important challenges in the field of road engineering. This paper studies one the latest technologies applied in the manufacture of warm mix asphalt, called super stabilized emulsion. The application of mixing and compacting procedures for hot mix asphalt to this type of warm mixes, was studied. Additionally, physical and mechanical properties of the mixes with super stabilized emulsion were compared with hot mix asphalt. It was concluded that the most appropriate manufacturing method for these warm mixes includes the use of a gyratory compactor. The properties of warm mixes were different than those of hot mixes, however, they were within adequate ranges.

Objetivo: Determinar si la implementación de una dieta personalizada durante tres meses, mejora el estado nutricional de mujeres embarazadas con sobrepeso y obesidad de la UMF No. 56. Metodología: Estudio prospectivo longitudinal en 53 embarazadas con sobrepeso u obesidad a las que se les proporcionó una dieta específica, de acuerdo a sus características particulares; se evaluaron las características de la dieta correcta, la R24H, la frecuencia de consumo de alimentos, el peso corporal e indicadores bioquímicos. Se comparó el peso real, peso proyectado y peso ideal de las pacientes. Se aplicó prueba de McNemar y Kuskal-Wallis con nivel de confianza de 95%. Resultados: el promedio del IMC pregestacional fue 28.5 kg/m2. Al finalizar el estudio las gestantes mejoraron las características de la dieta correcta: la completa (9.4% a 60.4%), el porcentaje recomendable de adecuación de lípidos (7.5% a 45.3%) y aumentaron la actividad física activa (22.6% a 54.7%). No se alcanzó el peso ideal gestacional, pero se logró control de peso, reflejado en peso proyectado mayor al real en cada intervención. Sin cambios significativos en el indicador bioquímico (p>0.05). Conclusiones: La implementación de la dieta personalizada mejoró el estado nutricional de mujeres embarazadas con sobrepeso u obesidad en sus patrones de alimentación y en el control de peso gestacional. Objectives: To determine if the implementation of a personalized diet for three months improves the nutritional status of pregnant women with overweight and obesity of the UMF No. 56. Methodology: Prospective longitudinal study in 53 overweight or obese pregnant women to whom which were given a specific diet, according to its particular characteristics; were evaluated the characteristics of the right diet, 24 hours recall, frequency of food consumption, weight and biochemical indicators. The real, ideal and projected weight of the patients was compared. McNemar test and Kuskal-Wallis was applied with confidence interval of 95%. Results: the BMI pre-gestational average was 28.5 kg / m2. At the end ofthe study pregnant women improved the characteristics of the right diet: the complete one (9.4% vs 60.4%), the percentage of adequacy of lipids (7.5% vs 45.3%) and increased in active physical activity (22.6% vs 54.7%). Ideal gestational weight wasn't reached, but there was a weight control reflected in a projected weight higher than real in each intervention. No significant changes in the biochemical indicator (p> 0.05). Conclusions: The implementation of a personalized diet improved the nutritional status of overweight or obese pregnant women in their eating patterns and gestational weight control.

Multicast routing is employed whenever data needs to be delivered from a single source to a group of receivers, in this way, the source can transmit a single flow of data packets which are subsequently delivered to a group of receiver nodes. As a result, multicast routing protocols are extensively used in computer networks, as these techniques allow applications to be able to save bandwidth and reduce the traffic load in the network. In relation to multicast protocols, most of them have been designed for use in wired networks, such as the Internet; similarly, some multicast protocols have been proposed for wireless environments, like wireless ad hoc networks, however they usually deal with the transmission of multicast traffic within the wireless network and do not address those issues related to the interoperability between wired and wireless networks. Nowadays, wireless mobile devices have a large demand of multiple services from the Internet, thus resulting in a need to extend some of the readily available services to wireless network while providing the same level of performance and reliability. This work presents an approach to integrate a wireless ad hoc network with a wired network, while supporting the interoperability of multicast services between the wired network and the wireless ad hoc network. As a result, the multicast traffic generated within the wired network can reach clients located in the wireless ad hoc network.

The anticonvulsant activity of some DL-hydroxybenzenamides is described. The following compounds from this series were prepared and tested: DL-2-hydroxy-2-(3'-bromophenyl)butyramide (4, CAS 620950-12-1), DL-2-hydroxy-2-(4'-bromophenyl)butyramide (5, CAS 620950-13-2), DL-2-hydroxy-2-(3'-nitrophenyl)butyramide (6, CAS 620950-14-3), DL-2-hydroxy-2-phenyl hexanamide (7, CAS 63002-05-1), DL-2-hydroxy-2-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)hexanamide (8, CAS 863976-06-1), DL-3-hydroxy-3-(4'-bromophenyl)pentanamide (9, CAS 620950-16-5), DL-3-hydroxy-3-phenyl-heptanamide (10, CAS 863976-08-3) and DL-4-hydroxy-4-(4'-bromophenyl)hexanamide (11,CAS 620950-18-7). Compounds 4, 5, 9 and 11 exhibited significant activity in seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol. Incorporation of bromine in the phenyl ring increased their potency. Compounds 4, 5, 9 and 11 exhibited a similar anticonvulsant activity as the reference drug phenobarbital (CAS 50-06-6).

Aliocis ryukyuensis (Kawanabe, 1996) comb. nov. Anoplocis ryukyuensis Kawanabe, 1996: 333. Distribution. Japan, Ryukyu Islands (Okinawa-hont�� Island)., Published as part of Sandoval-G��mez, Vivian Eliana & Lopes-Andrade, Cristiano, 2015, Aliocis, a replacement name for the preoccupied ciid genus Anoplocis Kawanabe, 1996 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Ciidae), pp. 599-600 in Zootaxa 3946 (4) on page 599, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.4.11, http://zenodo.org/record/236205, {"references":["Kawanabe, M. (1996) A new genus of the family Ciidae (Coleoptera), with description of a new species from the Ryukyu Islands, Southwest Japan. Elytra, Tokyo, 24 (2), 331 - 336."]}

BACKGROUND: Prenatal rat embryo exposure to retinoids induces severe malformations in various organs; the most active and teratogenic metabolite is all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA). The mechanisms of this embryopathy are only partly known. In the present study, the influence of glycine on the teratogenicity of atRA was investigated. METHODS: Embryos from 5 groups of white rats were studied: Group 1 remained untreated; Group 2 received glycine 2% in drinking water ad libitum from the first gestational day (GD 1); Group 3 was administered vehicle (corn oil); Group 4 was treated with atRA (50 mg/kg of body weight) injected (IP); and Group 5 was treated with atRA (50 mg/kg of body weight IP) plus glycine 2% in drinking water ad libitum from GD 1. atRA was administrated daily from GD 8–10. Dams were killed on the 21st day of pregnancy, and their fetuses were examined to detect external, visceral, and skeletal malformations. RESULTS: The results show that the atRA-administered dose is not toxic for the dams, and that although fetal death was not observed, it produced abnormalities in the fetuses. Glycine reduced atRA-induced teratogenic effects (external and skeletal defects). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that glycine effectively reduces the teratogenic effects of atRA. Thus, glycine might be useful for the prevention of vitamin A teratogenicity. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-02T00:03:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_8532_GUSTAVO ALONSO BARRIENTOS SANDOVAL.pdf: 3637979 bytes, checksum: 3bc909f0103a9f5d28c18303f2e3422b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-30 A adição de pequenas partes por milhão de polímero de alta massa molecular em escoamentos turbulentos produz uma significante diminuição do fator de atrito. Este fenômeno conhecido como redução de arrasto (DR) tem-se tornado de bastante interesse para a comunidade cientista e industrial devido as grandes vantagens nas diversas áreas da engenharia. Porém, a eficiência da redução de arrasto não é constante, devido à interação do aditivo com os vórtices turbulentos que causam a quebra da estrutura molecular da cadeia polimérica. Estudos têm reportado que essa degradação depende de fatores como: o número de Reynolds, a temperatura, o tipo de aditivo e a concentração e a massa molecular do mesmo. O fenômeno ainda não é completamente compreendido e muitos aspectos do problema carecem de investigação. Questões importantes são relacionadas ao desenvolvimento das estruturas turbulentas após a injeção do aditivo e à quebra ou a formação de agregados das moléculas do polímero. Investiga-se no presente trabalho a eficiência da redução de arrasto em soluções aquosas diluídas para três diferentes polímeros: Óxido de Polietileno (PEO), Poliacrilamida (PAM) e Goma Xantana (XG). Os dois primeiros são conhecidos como polímeros flexíveis, enquanto o último é considerado rígido. Uma bancada composta de tubulações com configuração em serie é utilizada para a realização dos experimentos, na qual o material da seção principal do teste é aço inoxidável com tratamento de brunimento. Os efeitos de DR produzidos pela variação da concentração e da massa molecular são analisados. Os principais resultados são apresentados em função da redução de arrasto absoluta. Também é exposto e quantificado o aumento da vazão e a diminuição na queda de pressão na tubulação, apesar de que os testes foram feitos à pressão constante na bancada. Visando-se observar a degradação, os resultados de DR absoluto são reorganizados e apresentados em termos do coeficiente de redução de arraste relativo, DR'. Posteriormente, estes mesmos dados de DR' são ajustados mediante uma função de decaimento que é baseada na equação proposta por Pereira et al. (2012) para um dispositivo cilíndrico rotatório. Finalmente se mostram uns resultados promissores que são obtidos com mistura dos polímeros em estudo. Palavras chave: Redução de arrasto, degradaçao polimérica, escoamento turbulentos, massa molecular e concentração.

Carica papaya latex contains interesting enzymes; the best known is papain, but lipolytic activity is also present. Due to the complexity of the latex polymeric matrix, it has not been possible to completely isolate enzymes responsible of lipolytic activity. The aim of this work was to characterize the lipolytic activity in the raw latex (CPLtx) and two partially purified fractions of papaya latex (without protease, CPL-p and without esterase CPL-e). Thermostability, optimal temperature and pH in the hydrolysis of two model triglycerides (tributyrin and triolein) and the selectivity towards triglycerides with different chain lengths were determined. The lipolytic activity of these biocatalysts in the hydrolysis of tributyrin and olive oil was similar to other commercially available immobilized microbial lipases (RM IM and Novozyme 435). El látex de Carica papaya es fuente de interesantes enzimas, la más conocida es la papaína, pero la actividad lipolítica también está presente. No obstante, debido a la complejidad de la matriz polimérica del látex, hasta la fecha no ha sido posible aislar las enzimas responsables de la actividad lipolítica del látex. Este trabajo está dedicado a la caracterización de la actividad lipolítica en el látex crudo (CPLtx) y dos fracciones parcialmente purificadas de látex de papaya (sin proteasas, CPL-p y sin esterasas, CPL-e), a las cuales se determinaron la termostabilidad, temperatura y pH óptimos en la hidrólisis de dos triglicéridos modelo (tributirina y trioleina), así como la selectividad hacia triglicéridos con diferentes longitudes de cadena. Los tres presentaron actividades lipolíticas en hidrólisis de tributirina y aceite de oliva comparables con otras lipasas microbianas inmovilizadas disponibles comercialmente (RM IM y Novozyme 435).

Carica papaya latex contains interesting enzymes; the best known is papain, but lipolytic activity is also present. Due to the complexity of the latex polymeric matrix, it has not been possible to completely isolate enzymes responsible of lipolytic activity. The aim of this work was to characterize the lipolytic activity in the raw latex (CPLtx) and two partially purified fractions of papaya latex (without protease, CPL-p and without esterase CPL-e). Thermostability, optimal temperature and pH in the hydrolysis of two model triglycerides (tributyrin and triolein) and the selectivity towards triglycerides with different chain lengths were determined. The lipolytic activity of these biocatalysts in the hydrolysis of tributyrin and olive oil was similar to other commercially available immobilized microbial lipases (RM IM and Novozyme 435).El látex de Carica papaya es fuente de interesantes enzimas, la más conocida es la papaína, pero la actividad lipolítica también está presente. No obstante, debido a la complejidad de la matriz polimérica del látex, hasta la fecha no ha sido posible aislar las enzimas responsables de la actividad lipolítica del látex. Este trabajo está dedicado a la caracterización de la actividad lipolítica en el látex crudo (CPLtx) y dos fracciones parcialmente purificadas de látex de papaya (sin proteasas, CPL-p y sin esterasas, CPL-e), a las cuales se determinaron la termostabilidad, temperatura y pH óptimos en la hidrólisis de dos triglicéridos modelo (tributirina y trioleina), así como la selectividad hacia triglicéridos con diferentes longitudes de cadena. Los tres presentaron actividades lipolíticas en hidrólisis de tributirina y aceite de oliva comparables con otras lipasas microbianas inmovilizadas disponibles comercialmente (RM IM y Novozyme 435).

El modelo económico chileno ha aumentado el riesgo de las operaciones financieras en una población con bajos niveles de alfabetización económica. Especialmente preocupante es la situación de profesores y estudiantes universitarios de pedagogía, por el impacto multiplicativo de su conducta en futuros estudiantes. Los objetivos fueron detectar brechas de conocimiento en educación económica y financiera, a partir de la investigación desarrollada en Chile y proponer un modelo educativo para la alfabetización económica y financiera en la formación inicial docente. Los resultados indican la precaria formación económica en el currículum educativo y la necesidad de intervenir en distintos segmentos de la población, especialmente en profesores y estudiantes de pedagogía. Se propone un modelo que integra los componentes de la educación económica y sus conceptos articuladores con los lineamientos de la OCDE, los contenidos específicos y la metodología didáctica en una propuesta de educación económica para la formación inicial docente. The Chilean economic model has increased the risk of financial transactions in a population with low levels of economic literacy. Especially worrying is the situation of teachers and university students of pedagogy by multiplicative impact of their conduct on future students. The objectives were to detect gaps of knowledge in economic and financial education based on the review of the research developed in Chile; and to propose an educational model for financial and economic literacy in initial teacher training. The results show the precarious economic training in the educational curriculum and the need to intervene in different segments of population, especially teachers and students of pedagogy. The researchers propose a model that integrates the components of economic education and their articulators concepts with the guidelines of the OECD, the specific contents and teaching methodology in a proposal of economic education for initial teacher training. O modelo econômico chileno tem aumentado o risco das operações financeiras para a população com baixos níveis de alfabetização econômica. Particularmente, é preocupante a situação dos professores e estudantes de Pedagogia pelo impacto das suas condutas em seus futuros estudantes. Objetivou-se detectar as lacunas de conhecimento em educação econòmica e financeira, a partir de investigação desenvolvida no Chile; também propor um modelo educacional para a alfabetização econômica e financeira na formação inicial de professores. Resultados indicam a precària formação econômica no currículo educacional e a necessidade de intervir junto aos diferentes segmentos da população, especialmente, aos professores e estudantes de Pedagogia. Propõe-se um modelo que integra os componentes da educação econômica e seus conteúdos articuladores com os alinhamentos da OCDE e os conteúdos específicos bem como a metodologia de ensino em uma proposta de educação econômica para a formação inicial de professores.

Las leguminosas tropicales ricas en proteínas son de interés por su valor nutricional y bajo costo, aunque su uso debe ser precedido por estudios biológicos y económicos que permitan establecer su eficiencia. En el presente trabajo se estudió el efecto de la incorporación de harina de poroto mucuna (Stizolobium deeringianum) en reemplazo parcial de la soja, sobre las variables productivas y rendimiento a la faena de pollos Campero INTA. La dieta control fue elaborada en base a maíz, soja y una premezcla para alimento terminador. En la dieta de prueba, el poroto mucuna tratado con Ca(OH)2 al 1% reemplazó el 30% de la harina de soja. El análisis comparativo se realizó mediante ANOVA en un arreglo factorial, con el sexo y tipo de alimento como efectos principales. Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p0,05) para ganancia de peso, con valores de 1.385,27 ± 281,52 g para los pollos alimentados con la dieta control y 1.258,63 ± 365,27 g para la de prueba. El consumo de alimento demostró una diferencia numérica a favor de los controles (410 g), aunque el grado de significancia solo manifestó una tendencia a la separación estadística (p= 0,08). Las variables de composición corporal no mostraron diferencias estadísticas entre los tratamientos. La inclusión de poroto mucuna tratado con solución alcalina produjo disminución de la ganancia de peso en pollos Campero INTA en fase de terminación. Se considera necesario profundizar los estudios sobre los métodos de eliminación de los factores antinutricionales, de tal manera que permitan la utilización de este tipo de alimento. The use of tropical legumes rich in protein is of interest for its nutritional value and low cost, but must be preceded by biological and economic studies to establish their efficiency. The effects of mucuna (Stizolobium deeringianum) bean flour incorporation as partial replacement of soybean in the finisher food on productive performance and yielding at slaughter in Campero INTA chickens were studied. The control diet was developed based on corn, soybeans and finisher feed premix. In the trial diet, mucuna bean treated with Ca(OH)21% replaced 30% of soybean. The comparative analysis was performed using a factorial ANOVA, with sex and type of food as main effects. The weight gain of the chickens fed with the control diet was statistically higher than the values of mucuna diet with 1.385,27 ± 281,52 g and 1.258,63 ± 365,27 g respectively. The feed intake of the control group showed a numerical difference, although the degree of significance only showed a trend towards statistical separation (p= 0,08). Body composition variables showed no statistical differences between treatments. Mucuna bean treated with alkaline solution causes a decrease of weight gain in Campero INTA chickens during the fattening phase. Further studies are necessary regarding the removal of anti-nutritional factors that may enable the practical use of new types of foods. Fil: Fernández, Ricardo J. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento Producción Animal; Argentina Fil: Revidatti, Fernando. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento Producción Animal; Argentina. Fil: Sindik, Martin. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento Producción Animal; Argentina Fil: Sanz, P. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento Producción Animal; Argentina. Fil: Sandoval, G. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina.

The anticonvulsant activity of a homologous series of phenyl alcohol amides is described. (+-)-2-Hydroxy-2-phenylbutyramide (1), (+-)-3-hydroxy-3-phenylpentanamide (2) and (+-)-4-hydroxy-4-phenylhexanamide (3) were prepared and tested for their anticonvulsant profile and neurotoxicity. 1, 2 and 3 exhibited a broad profile of anticonvulsant activity and a similar significant activity in the seizures provoked by maximal electroshock, pentetrazol, 4-aminopyridine, bicuculline and thiosemicarbazide, but in the strychnine and picrotoxin tests, the protection was variable. The rotarod ataxia test was used to evaluate their neurotoxicity. In this test 2 possesses the lowest neurotoxicity.

The enantiomers of the anticonvulsant DL-2-hydroxy-2-phenylbutyramide (1) were prepared by resolving the (-)-quinine and (+)-1-phenylethylamine salts of the acids. The optically active acids were then esterified and reacted with ammonia to give (+)-1 and (-)-1. Optical purity of the amides was greater than 99.9% enantiomeric excess by chiral HPLC. Examination of the infrared spectra of the enantiomers and the racemate of 1 in chloroform solution showed identical spectra, but the spectrum of the racemate in a KBr disc was somewhat different from those of the pure enantiomers. Pharmacologically, 1 and its enantiomers have a similar significant anticonvulsant activity at peak drug effect against pentylenetetrazol seizures, but a variation in time between the enantiomers was found with the anticonvulsant activity. In the rotarod ataxia test (-)-1-possessed the lowest neurotoxicity.

The anticonvulsant activity of a homologous series of p-chlorophenyl alcohol amides is described. The new compounds (+/-)-2-hydroxy-2-(4'-chlorophenyl)-butyramide (2), (+/-)-3- hydroxy-3-(4'-chlorophenyl)pentanamide (4) and (+/-)-4-hydroxy-4-(4'-chlorophenyl)-hexanamide (6), were prepared and tested for their anticonvulsant activity. Compounds 2, 4, and 6 exhibited significant activity in seizures provoked by pentylenetetrazol. Chlorine in the para position of the phenyl ring increased both their potency at the peak effect and the duration of their anticonvulsant activity. The anticonvulsant activities of (+/-)-3-hydroxy-3-phenylpentanamide (3) and compound 4 were antagonized by DL-baclofen. This, and the protecting activity of 3 in the genetic-absence-epilepsy rats of the Strasbourg model suggest that the phenyl alcohol amides could be GABAB receptor antagonists.

The inhibition of the specific R-[ 3 H]-baclofen binding to GABA B (γ-aminobutyric acid) sites by a homologous series of phenyl alcohol amides was tested in rat brain synaptic membranes. Some of these phenyl alcohol amides were designed as anticonvulsants as well as antagonists of the GABA B receptor. These anticonvulsants showed a high affinity to the GABA B receptor. DL-2-hydroxy-2-(4'-chrolorphehyl)butyramide and DL-3-hydroxy-3-(4-chlorophenyl)pentanamide (DL-Cl-HEPP) were as effective as GABA and R-baclofen and were the most potent examined. DL-2-hydroxy-2-phenylbutyramide (DL-HEPA), (+)-HEPA. (-)-HEPA, DL-3-hydroxy-3-phenylpentanamide (DL-HEPP) and DL-4-hydroxy-4-phenylnexahanmide (DL-HEPB) were as potent as DL-baclofen. The phenyl alcohol amides with fluorine in the para position of the phenyl ring were less active than DL-2hydroxysaclofen. DL-4-hydroxy-4-(4-ehlorophenyl)hexanamide was the least active of the series. In addition. R-baclofen antagonized very effectively the anticonvulsant activity of both DL-HEPP and DL-Cl-HEPP in a dose-dependent fashion. These results support the assumption that some of these phenyl alcohol amides anticonvulsants are GABA B receptor blockers.

The anticonvulsant activity of some DL-hydroxybenzenamides is described. The following compounds from this series were prepared and tested: DL-2-hydroxy-2-(3’-bromophenyl)butyramide (4, CAS 620950-12-1), DL-2-hydroxy-2-(4’-bromophenyl)butyramide (5, CAS 620950-13-2), DL-2-hydroxy-2-(3’-nitrophenyl)butyramide (6, CAS 620950-14-3), DL-2-hydroxy-2-phenyl hexanamide (7, CAS 63002-05-1), DL-2-hydroxy-2-(3’,4’-dichlorophenyl)hexanamide (8, CAS 863976-06-1), DL-3-hydroxy-3-(4’-bromophenyl)pentanamide (9, CAS 620950-16-5), DL-3-hydroxy-3-phenylheptanamide (10, CAS 863976-08-3) and DL-4-hydroxy-4-(4’-bromophenyl)hexanamide (11, CAS 620950-18-7). Compounds 4, 5, 9 and 11 exhibited significant activity in seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol. Incorporation of bromine in the phenyl ring increased their potency. Compounds 4, 5, 9 and 11 exhibited a similar anticonvulsant activity as the reference drug phenobarbital (CAS 50-06-6).

Objetivo: Determinar si la implementación de una dieta personalizada durante tres meses, mejora el estado nutricional de mujeres embarazadas con sobrepeso y obesidad de la UMF No. 56. Metodología: Estudio prospectivo longitudinal en 53 embarazadas con sobrepeso u obesidad a las que se les proporcionó una dieta específica, de acuerdo a sus características particulares; se evaluaron las características de la dieta correcta, la R24H, la frecuencia de consumo de alimentos, el peso corporal e indicadores bioquímicos. Se comparó el peso real, peso proyectado y peso ideal de las pacientes. Se aplicó prueba de McNemar y Kuskal-Wallis con nivel de confianza de 95%. Resultados: el promedio del IMC pregestacional fue 28.5 kg/m2. Al finalizar el estudio las gestantes mejoraron las características de la dieta correcta: la completa (9.4% a 60.4%), el porcentaje recomendable de adecuación de lípidos (7.5% a 45.3%) y aumentaron la actividad física activa (22.6% a 54.7%). No se alcanzó el peso ideal gestacional, pero se logró control de peso, reflejado en peso proyectado mayor al real en cada intervención. Sin cambios significativos en el indicador bioquímico (p>0.05). Conclusiones: La implementación de la dieta personalizada mejoró el estado nutricional de mujeres embarazadas con sobrepeso u obesidad en sus patrones de alimentación y en el control de peso gestacional.

29 páginas The author exposes the motives leading him to request the Constitutional Court to reject the petition for unconstitutionality of article 122 of the Colombian Criminal Code [“Código Penal Colombiano”] because he deems it res judicata in Judgment [“Sentencia”] C-133 of 1994 in force. And he discusses why the plaintiffs are wrong when they base the concept of violation [of rights] on the clarifications or waivers of vote, arguing the lack of binding force of this concept as to make a new revision effective. He exposes the Colombian people’s voluntary rejection of abortion from the early indigenous tradition through our modern times, the 1991 Constitution, the Criminal Code and Court judgments. He acknowledges that the recommendations of the Follow-Up Committees of International Human Rights Treaties are, neither in fact or de jure, a source of international law nor legally binding. Passing abortion would be just like rating certain fellow human beings as “things” and going against a jus cogens rule. Los autores exponen los motivos por los que solicitó a la H. Corte Constitucional el rechazo de la demanda de inconstitucionalidad del artículo 122 del Código Penal Colombiano, porque la considera cosa juzgada en la Sentencia vigente C-133 de 1994, y argumenta por qué no tienen razón los demandantes al basar el concepto de violación en las aclaraciones o salvamentos de voto, por su falta de fuerza vinculante para hacer efectiva una nueva revisión. Expone el rechazo voluntario del pueblo colombiano al aborto, desde la tradición indígena hasta la Constitución de 1991, el Código Penal y las sentencias de la Corte, y reconoce que las recomendaciones de los Comités de Seguimiento de los Tratados Internacionales de Derechos Humanos no son, de hecho ni de derecho, fuente de derecho internacional, ni tampoco pueden ser vinculantes jurídicamente. Aprobar el aborto sería calificar a algunos congéneres como cosas e ir contra norma de ius cogens.

En los primeros meses del año 1996 se hizo encuesta a 121 productores de frijol, ubicados en la región B-3 (Las Segovias) en Nicaragua, que comprende los departamentos de Estelí, Madriz y Nueva Segovia. El objetivo fue el de conocer las tasas de adopción de las variedades Estelí 90A, Estelí 908 y Estelí 150. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que en la región de estudio, el uso de variedades mejoradas es alto, ya que son cultivadas por 79.3 % de los productores en el 72.7 % del área sembrada con frijol (aproximadamente unas 16,600 ha). En las variedades mejoradas se destaca la utilización de Estelí 90A material que fue sembrado por el 54.2 % de los agricultores en el 55.5 % del área cultivada con éste tipo de genotipos. Le sigue en orden de importancia la variedad Estelí 908 y luego Estelí 150. En cuanto al patrón de difusión de las variedades Estelí, se encontró que en 1990 iniciaron con un 8 % de Índice de Aceptabilidad, hasta llegar a 74 % en las siembras de postrera de 1995-96, indicando que el potencial de difusión de estas variedades es excelente. Según los datos obtenidos con el estudio, bajo el supuesto de que la muestra entrevistada representa a la población de productores de frijol de la región, se infiere que del área total cultivada en postrera de 1995-96, el 69.5 % fue con las variedades Estelí, lo cual equivale a unas 16,000 ha. En concepto de los productores, las variedades Estelí son de alto potencial de rendimiento, de buena aceptación en el mercado y tolerantes al Tizón común (Xanthomonas campestris pv. Phaseolis) y sequía, aspectos que han contribuido positivamente para su difusión.