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Tilapia studies in Iran were begun since 2008 and different aspects of tilapia aquaculture in are researched. In the present study, limnologic factors of indoor and outdoor tilapia culture ponds, also growth performance of the cultured tilapia were investigated at the National Research Center of Saline Water Aquatics, during the culture period of 2016. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity and ammonium concentration were measured. Depth of water transparency, the composition and frequency of plankton and macro benthos of the earth ponds were studied. Total length and weight of fish were measured to evaluate growth performance. In the earth ponds, the ranges of minimum and maximum of water temperature were 16.6-27.5°C and 20.5-31°C. The range of dissolved oxygen was 2.11-10.19mg/l in the morning and 7.06-14.64mg/l in the afternoon. PH was recorded 8.97-10.9 in the morning and 9.04-11.00 in the afternoon. The depth of the water transparency was 40- 105 cm. Water salinity was 7.94-8.82 ppt. The concentration of NH4+ changed from less than 0.05 to 0.4 mg/l. The frequency of phytoplankton and zooplankton was 2050-2848 and 269-101 per liter, respectively. The dominant phytoplankton and zooplankton were chlorophytes, diatoms and rotifers. The abundance of macrobenthos was 3467-558/m 2 and the dominant group were chironomids. Pearson 2-tailed correlation between the amounts of factors including temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, NH4+ , length and weight of farmed fish in earth ponds showed a direct significant correlation between pH value against ammonium concentration, and total length against body weight of the fish, also between pH against water temperature and total length of the fish. There was a reversed significant correlation between the dissolved oxygen against water temperature and pH (p

Background and Objective: C- reactive protein (CRP), as an acute phase reactant and a reliable marker of inflammation, increases due to inflammatory diseases such as Rheumatoid Arteritis and infectious conditions. New evidence shows that Vitamin D may have important effects on adjusting and reducing the Immune Responses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between serum vitamin D as an immunomodulator factor and CRP as an inflammatory factor in Arteritis Patients. . Material and Methods: The CRP and Vitamin D were evaluated in Rheumatoid Arteritis patients confirmed by Medical records (40 men and 40 women) and in 80 healthy adult people with normal CRP and Vitamin D and no history of arteritis (40 men and 40 women). Torbidometry was used to measure CRP and Eliza for Vitamin D. Results: In patient group, the mean of CRP and Vitamin D were 95.9±9.1 Mlg/lit and 9.17±2.9 Mlg/lit, resoectively. There was a significant inverse correlation between C-reactive protein and vitamin D in Rheumatoid Arteritis patients (Pvalue= 0.03 Pearson correlation: -0.62) and that was the case for healthy people (p value: 0.04 Pearson correlation: -0.73). Conclusion: Based on the findings, inverse correlation is observed between serum vitamin D and CRP level. Keywords: Vitamin D, CRP, Rheumatoid Arteritis

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The effects dietary supplementation with Aloe vera extract (AE) on the immunity responses and hematological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry were evaluated in eight weeks trial. 600 rainbow trout (O. mykiss) fry with an average initial body weight of 13±0.05g were randomly allocated into two treatment groups including placebo-treated group (control) and A. vera extract-treated group, each with three replicates. The fish were hand-fed once a day with diet medicated AE or placebo (70% lactose, 10% starch and 20% talc) at a rate of 1% of feed weight in the first feeding for 8 weeks. At the end of the identical every two weeks (2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks) 24 h after feeding, some of immunological and hematological parameters were analyzed. The results showed that serum total protein, albumin and globulin, respiratory burst activity, phagocytic activity and serum lysozyme activity vary among the two treatment groups which were found to be higher in the AE-treated group (p

Cheshmehkileh River and adjacent mountainous streams, play a strategic role as a historical axis for anthropogenic civilization, human welfare also habitat and migration pathway of commercial – biologic valuable fishes e.g. Caspian trout, Caspian kuttum, members of Cyprinidae family in south Caspian Sea drainage. Treats such as overfishing of Caspian trout and Red spotted trout stocks in mountainous headwaters, barriers construction and manipulations those are out of river carrying capacity developed by human activities, affected normal function of river as well. Sand mining big factories establishment next to the river, legal and illegal trade of river sediments, direct entry of Tonekabon landfill leakage into the river, development of Rainbow trout farms since 3 decades and huge effluents into the river containing dead fish and types of solids, escapement of cultured Rainbow trouts into the river, … are major minimum factors which needs basic information for integrating inclusively drainage management system. Cheshmehkileh River contains Headwaters of Dohezar (Daryasar & Nusha), Sehezar and Valamroud rivers during 13 monthly sampling phases between September 2009 and October 2010 based on macrozoobenthoses investigations by EPT, EPT/C EPA protocols, measurements of nominated physic-chemical and microbiologic parameters. Probability of Rainbow trouts escapement and invasion, existence, nutrition in Cheshmehkileh environment indeed investigated. Data analysis explained significant differences (P

This feasibility study carried out in response to request of Tehran Province Fisheries Management, in order to Qanat Salehabad water assessment for aquaculture relataed purposes in Tehran Municipality – Regions 19 & 20. During 6 monthes between May – October 2011 in 3 sampling stations by 3 replicates investigations executed. Physic-chemical, Heavy methals, organochloro-organophosphore pesticides and microbial nominated parameters analysed in reference to Iran national and international standards as well, resulted an overall assessment on quality and quantity of Qanat water for aquaculture purposes. Results expressed station 1 in all studied seasons can be develop for fisheries warmwater applications and in cold seasons (September-March) fisheries coldwater relevant activities can be consider. Stations No 2 & 3 known as infeasible for fisheries applications but would be recommend for agriculture rrigation. According to the results, possibility of developing live fish shopping centers (Cold – warmwatetr fishes) between station 1 and before crossing the Qanat flow and Behesht-e-Zahra freeway is considerable, indeed water rights could be negotiate between Tehran Municipality and Tehran province Fisheries Bureo. Also application of feasible anti microbial filters and other minimum limitation parameters control is necessary before leading Qanat water flow into proposed live fish shop. And suitable septic tank is recommended at the outlet of proposed fisheries units. Monitoring of nominated physic-chemical & microbial parameters during operation of fisheries unites highly recommended.

Sinds 1 juli 2012 bestaat de mogelijkheid om aan de Hoge Raad prejudiciële vragen te stellen. Hij zal dit instrument kunnen gebruiken om zijn positie als rechtsvormer te versterken. De Hoge Raad is niet de eerste rechter die over dit middel beschikt. De prejudiciële procedure kent belangrijke voorgangers op Europees niveau, die in deze bijdrage worden belicht.

De publicatiecultuur in de rechtswetenschap kreeg de afgelopen jaren veel aandacht. Daaronder ook de wijze waarop tijdschriftredacties artikelen beoordelen. Onlangs blies Van Gestel het debat nieuw leven in met zijn preadvies voor de NJV. Naar aanleiding van dit preadvies heeft de redactie van Ars Aequi haar eigen beoordelingsprocedures tegen het licht gehouden. Zij heeft besloten de peer review-procedure af te schaffen en de lezers en auteurs van Ars Aequi meer inzicht te verschaffen in de wijze waarop zij ontvangen artikelen beoordeelt.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of 5- parameter dissolved oxygen, PH, nitrite, nitrate and temperature of the water on Streptococcosis incidence in two groups of fry and grower fish. Research was performed at west Mazandaran province -Tonkabon region in 12 rainbow trout selected farms. Research conducted in 3 farms with well source water , 8 farms with water source of the river of Dohezar and one farm with water source of the river of Azarood, during 12 consecutive months.From 1390/04/01 to 1391/04/01, once time each month , and in each time 10 fish randomly sampled, inlet water were sampled simultaneously. Of 1350 sampled fish 607 fish with an average weight 22.04 gr , average length 12.59 cm were in fry category and 743 fish with an average weight 156.25 gr, average length 23.32 cm in were grower category. Streptococcosis observed only in grower category. Of 72 fish with clinical signs of the disease, 14 numbers were positive Streptococcosis (19.44%) and 58 numbers were negative Streptococcosis(80.55%). Three fish from grower category has not any clinical signs of disease and seemed to be healthy but were positive Streptococcosis in examinations (0.22% of total fish sampled. Fish with clinical signs of the disease but negative Streptococcosis were of at least 55.1 gr and at most weight 417 gr respectively. The results showed that 47.07% cases of Streptococcosis happened at 15.6 °C water temperature, 35.29% at 16.98 °C and 17.64% cases happened at 18.04 °C so that 100% of Streptococcosis cases was observed at the average temperature of 16.99 °C. In addition, the survey results show that despite relatively high levels of nitrite in source water of farms from wells, nitrite does not effect on the disease incidence. It seems that an optimal level of dissolved oxygen in water is effective in reducing the effectiveness of nitrite in this disease. According to equation coefficients logit model is as follows: According to Logit model, it seems that for every degree change in temperature and pH of water, morbidity change will diminish 0.37 % and 1.74 % respectively. 80.56% of fish sampled that had the clinical symptoms, was ranging from an average weight of 5.1 gr (fry) and 417 gr (grower fish), that despite having clinical signs of the disease were negative Streptococcosis. Isolation of Staphylococcus bacteria as well as Gram-negative bacilli from fish with clinical symptoms similar to the symptoms of Streptococcosis, may indicate the involvement of other pathogens in fish clinical signs. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

The aim of this project is to study the growth and age structure in the Caspian trout, comparison with other coldwater species and check the trend of these parameters in recent years. This study was conducted during 2013 till 2015. Totally, 43 specimens for back calculation and 101 specimens for biometrical study of the Caspian trout have been caught in two month period. Biometric parameters such as length, weight and age of the fish were recorded. Base on Back calculation method in 1393, the average length of fish at ages 1, 2 and 3 years old were 18.98 ± 3.5, 30.5 ± 7.24 and 41.7 ± 9.1 cm. So these age groups are under the adult age and don’t approaching to near the beach and rivers for spawning behavior. Therefore, these length groups cannot be observed in catch composition. The result showed, the mean of gonad weight in this fish was about 11 percent of total weight and number of eggs per gram of gonad calculated about 10.8 numbers. Minimum age and maximum age of this species determined 4 years and 7 years (mean = 5.6) and the most frequency allocated to 5 age group and the frequency of 6 and 7 years has been remarkable. The average length of salmon was 69.2 ± 6.2 cm (minimum 57 and maximum 81 cm) and the average weight was measured 3323 ± 677 g (2400 to 5600 g) in the catch composition. Growth parameters such as k, L∞ and ø’ was measured 0.18, 104 cm and 3.289 respectively. The amount of b for relation length and weight was 2.9 which imply negative allometry. L∞ and growth coefficient (K) on the Caspian trout were acceptable range, that it shows good growth the fish in the sea water. Most of the fishes were catched from Cheshmehkileh River. As at present Shilat uses just the broods of the Tonekaboon region for restocking of this species, we recommend using the broods of the western region separately for rehabilitation of the stocks of this region. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

Background: Some studies have demonstrated the role of calcium in reducing body mass index (BMI) or fat mass. Though, BMI does not provide very valid information about changes in body fat mass, Fat Mass Index (FMI) relates body fat mass to height and allows comparing body fat mass of individuals at different heights. This study investigated the possible association between dietary calcium intake (CI) and other nutritional factors and weight status of girls aged 8-10 years. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 110 girls aged 8-10 with FMI at or above 7.2 kg/m 2 as cases and 307 girls with FMI less than 7.2 kg/m 2 as controls were recruited through multistage cluster random sampling. FMI at or above 7.2 kg/m 2 was considered as the cutoff point for obesity. Body fat mass was assessed by a stand on bio impedance analyzer. In order to assess CI, participants were asked to complete a validated food frequency questionnaire. Results: Mean and standard deviation of CI in the case group was significantly lower than the control group 649 ± 103 and 951 ± 152 mg/d, respectively ( P < 0.01). After Adjustment for total energy intake, the percentage of energy from fat, carbohydrate and protein in quartiles of physical activity, inverse association between CI and obesity was significant and in the highest quartile of physical activity the association was weaker. By further adjustment for the effect of fruits and vegetable intake inverse association between CI and obesity became weaker but yet was significant. Conclusion: The inverse relationship between CI and FMI remained significant even after controlling for confounding factors. FMI may be more accurate, compared to BMI, in showing the association between CI and obesity.