2,402 results on '"Salicylates therapeutic use"'
Search Results
52. Basic chemical peeling: Superficial and medium-depth peels.
- Author
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Lee KC, Wambier CG, Soon SL, Sterling JB, Landau M, Rullan P, and Brody HJ
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- Chemexfoliation adverse effects, Drug Combinations, Ethanol therapeutic use, Glycolates therapeutic use, Humans, Lactic Acid therapeutic use, Phenol therapeutic use, Resorcinols therapeutic use, Salicylates therapeutic use, Salicylic Acid therapeutic use, Tretinoin therapeutic use, Trichloroacetic Acid therapeutic use, Caustics therapeutic use, Chemexfoliation methods, Keratolytic Agents therapeutic use, Skin Diseases therapy
- Abstract
Chemical peeling, or chemexfoliation, has been used for centuries to improve signs of ultraviolet light-induced sun damage. Over the last 30 years, the science behind chemical peeling has evolved, increasing our understanding of the role of peeling ingredients and treatment indications. The depth of peels is directly related to improved results and to the number of complications that can occur. Key principles for superficial and medium depth peeling are discussed, as well as appropriate indications for these treatments., (Published by Elsevier Inc.) more...
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- 2019
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53. Cajaninstilbene acid inhibits osteoporosis through suppressing osteoclast formation and RANKL-induced signaling pathways.
- Author
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Sun Y, Liu Y, He W, Wang C, Tickner J, Kuek V, Zhou C, Wang H, Zou X, Hong Z, Yang F, Shao M, Chen L, and Xu J
- Subjects
- Animals, Bone Resorption drug therapy, Bone Resorption genetics, Bone Resorption pathology, Calcium metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation drug effects, Mice, Inbred C57BL, NF-kappa B metabolism, NFATC Transcription Factors metabolism, Osteoblasts drug effects, Osteoblasts metabolism, Osteoblasts pathology, Osteoclasts drug effects, Osteogenesis drug effects, Osteoporosis genetics, Ovariectomy, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, Salicylates chemistry, Salicylates pharmacology, Stilbenes chemistry, Stilbenes pharmacology, Osteoclasts pathology, Osteoporosis drug therapy, Osteoporosis pathology, RANK Ligand metabolism, Salicylates therapeutic use, Signal Transduction drug effects, Stilbenes therapeutic use
- Abstract
Osteoporosis is a form of osteolytic disease caused by an imbalance in bone homeostasis, with reductions in osteoblast bone formation, and augmented osteoclast formation and resorption resulting in reduced bone mass. Cajaninstilbene acid (CSA) is a natural compound derived from pigeon pea leaves. CSA possesses beneficial properties as an anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antihepatitis, and anticancer agent; however, its potential to modulate bone homeostasis and osteoporosis has not been studied. We observed that CSA has the ability to suppress RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis, osteoclast marker gene expression, and bone resorption in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, it was revealed that CSA attenuates RANKL-activated NF-κB and nuclear factor of activated T-cell pathways and inhibited phosphorylation of key signaling mediators c-Fos, V-ATPase-d2, and ERK. Moreover, in osteoclasts, CSA blocked RANKL-induced ROS activity as well as calcium oscillations. We further evaluated the therapeutic effect of CSA in a preclinical mouse model and showed that in vivo treatment of ovariectomized C57BL/6 mice with CSA protects the mice from osteoporotic bone loss. Thus, this study demonstrates that osteolytic bone diseases can potentially be treated by CSA., (© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.) more...
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- 2019
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54. In vitro Screening of Ginkgolic Acids for Antiparasitic Activity against Cryptosporidium andersoni.
- Author
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Ugwu CE, Jiang YY, Wu L, Xu YX, Yin JH, Duan LP, Chen SX, Liu H, Pan W, Quan H, Shen YJ, and Cao JP
- Subjects
- Cryptosporidium, Drugs, Chinese Herbal chemistry, Drugs, Chinese Herbal therapeutic use, Humans, Parasitic Sensitivity Tests, Phytotherapy, Salicylates chemistry, Cryptosporidiosis drug therapy, Salicylates therapeutic use
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- 2019
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55. Aortic Stiffness in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Reduced After Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy.
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Zanoli L, Inserra G, Cappello M, Ozturk K, and Castellino P
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- Humans, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases drug therapy, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases physiopathology, Salicylates therapeutic use, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha antagonists & inhibitors, Vascular Stiffness physiology
- Published
- 2019
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56. Travelers' Diarrhea: A Clinical Review.
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Leung AKC, Leung AAM, Wong AHC, and Hon KL
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- Dehydration, Developing Countries, Fluoroquinolones therapeutic use, Food Contamination, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Patient Education as Topic, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Azithromycin therapeutic use, Bismuth therapeutic use, Dysentery drug therapy, Escherichia coli physiology, Escherichia coli Infections drug therapy, Loperamide therapeutic use, Organometallic Compounds therapeutic use, Salicylates therapeutic use
- Abstract
Background: Travelers' diarrhea is the most common travel-related malady. It affects millions of international travelers to developing countries annually and can significantly disrupt travel plans., Objective: To provide an update on the evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of traveler's diarrhea., Methods: A PubMed search was completed in Clinical Queries using the key term "traveler's diarrhea". The search strategy included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews. The search was restricted to English literature. Patents were searched using the key term "traveler's diarrhea" from www.freepatentsonline.com., Results: Between 10% and 40% of travelers develop diarrhea. The attack rate is highest for travelers from a developed country who visit a developing country. Children are at particular risk. Travelers' diarrhea is usually acquired through ingestion of food and water contaminated by feces. Most cases are due to a bacterial pathogen, commonly, Escherichia coli, and occur within the first few days after arrival in a foreign country. Dehydration is the most common complication. Pretravel education on hygiene and on the safe selection of food items is important in minimizing episodes. For mild travelers' diarrhea, the use of antibiotic is not recommended. The use of bismuth subsalicylate or loperamide may be considered. For moderate travelers' diarrhea, antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones, azithromycin, and rifaximin may be used. Loperamide may be considered as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy. For severe travelers' diarrhea, antibiotics such as azithromycin, fluoroquinolones, and rifaximin should be used. Azithromycin can be used even for the treatment of dysentery whereas fluoroquinolones and rifaximin cannot be used for such purpose. Recent patents related to the management of travelers' diarrhea are discussed., Conclusion: Although travelers' diarrhea is usually self-limited, many travelers prefer expedient relief of diarrhea, especially when they are traveling for extended periods by air or ground. Judicious use of an antimotility agent and antimicrobial therapy reduces the duration and severity of diarrhea., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.) more...
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- 2019
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57. Comparison of Triflusal with Aspirin in the Secondary Prevention of Atherothrombotic Events; Α Randomised Clinical Trial.
- Author
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Kalantzi KI, Ntalas IV, Chantzichristos VG, Tsoumani ME, Adamopoulos D, Asimakopoulos C, Bourdakis A, Darmanis P, Dimitriadou A, Gkiokas S, Ipeirotis K, Kitikidou K, Klonaris I, Kostaki A, Logothetis D, Mainas K, Mais T, Maragiannis A, Martiadou K, Mavronasos K, Michelongonas I, Mitropoulos D, Papadimitriou G, Papadopoulos A, Papaioakeim M, Sofillas K, Stabola S, Stefanakis E, Stergiou D, Thoma M, Zenetos A, Zisekas S, Goudevenos JA, Panagiotakos DB, and Tselepis AD more...
- Subjects
- Aged, Aspirin adverse effects, Brain Ischemia diagnosis, Brain Ischemia mortality, Coronary Artery Disease diagnosis, Coronary Artery Disease mortality, Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors adverse effects, Female, Greece, Hemorrhage chemically induced, Humans, Intracranial Embolism diagnosis, Intracranial Embolism mortality, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction diagnosis, Myocardial Infarction mortality, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors adverse effects, Recurrence, Risk Factors, Salicylates adverse effects, Stroke diagnosis, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Aspirin therapeutic use, Brain Ischemia prevention & control, Coronary Artery Disease drug therapy, Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors therapeutic use, Intracranial Embolism prevention & control, Myocardial Infarction prevention & control, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors therapeutic use, Salicylates therapeutic use, Secondary Prevention, Stroke prevention & control
- Abstract
Background: Triflusal has demonstrated an efficacy similar to aspirin in the prevention of vascular events in patients with acute myocardial infarction (ΜΙ) and ischaemic stroke but with less bleeding events., Objective: We performed a randomised, multicentre, phase 4 clinical trial to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of triflusal versus aspirin, administered for 12 months in patients eligible to receive a cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitor., Methods: Patients with stable coronary artery disease or with a history of non-cardioembolic ischaemic stroke were randomly assigned to receive either triflusal 300 mg twice or 600 mg once daily or aspirin 100 mg once daily for 12 months. The primary efficacy endpoint was the composite of: (a) ΜΙ, (b) stroke (ischaemic or haemorrhagic), or, (c) death from vascular causes for the entire follow-up period. The primary safety endpoints were the rate of bleeding events as defined by Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) criteria., Results: At 12-month follow-up, an equivalent result was revealed between the triflusal (n=559) and aspirin (n=560) in primary efficacy endpoint. Specifically, the combined efficacy outcome rate (i.e. MI, stroke or death from vascular causes) difference was equal to -1.3% (95% confidence interval -1.1 to 3.5) and lied within the a-priori defined equivalence interval (p<0.001). Regarding the primary safety endpoints, patients on triflusal treatment were 50% less likely to develop bleeding events according to the BARC criteria, and especially any clinically overt sign of haemorrhage that requires diagnostic studies, hospitalisation or special treatment (BARC type 2)., Conclusion: The efficacy of triflusal in the secondary prevention of vascular events is similar to aspirin when administered for 12 months. Importantly, triflusal significantly reduced the incidence of ΜΙ and showed a better safety profile compared with aspirin. (ASpirin versus Triflusal for Event Reduction In Atherothrombosis Secondary prevention, ASTERIAS trial; Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT02616497)., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.) more...
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- 2019
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58. Effect of Bismuth Subsalicylate on Gastrointestinal Tolerability in Healthy Volunteers Receiving Oral Delayed-release Dimethyl Fumarate: PREVENT, a Randomized, Multicenter, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study.
- Author
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Koulinska I, Riester K, Chalkias S, and Edwards MR
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Delayed-Action Preparations therapeutic use, Double-Blind Method, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Flatulence drug therapy, Healthy Volunteers, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting drug therapy, Young Adult, Antidiarrheals therapeutic use, Bismuth therapeutic use, Diarrhea drug therapy, Dimethyl Fumarate adverse effects, Immunosuppressive Agents adverse effects, Organometallic Compounds therapeutic use, Salicylates therapeutic use
- Abstract
Purpose: Flushing and gastrointestinal (GI) events are commonly associated with the use of delayed-release dimethyl fumarate (DMF) treatment for relapsing multiple sclerosis., Methods: PREVENT (A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Pepto-Bismol [Bismuth Subsalicylate] on Gastrointestinal Tolerability in Healthy Volunteers Receiving Oral TECFIDERA [Dimethyl Fumarate] Delayed-Release Capsules Twice Daily) is a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 8-week study that evaluated the effect of bismuth subsalicylate on DMF-related GI events. Bismuth subsalicylate 524 mg or placebo were administered 30 min before DMF (weeks 1-4). DMF was dosed twice-daily (BID) at 120 mg (week 1) and 240 mg (weeks 2-8). Using an e-diary device, participants recorded GI and flushing events on the Modified Overall Gastrointestinal Symptom Scale once daily for the preceding 24 h. The primary end point was time to first GI-related event. Secondary end points included frequency and severity of GI-related events., Findings: A total of 175 participants were enrolled (placebo, n = 87; bismuth subsalicylate, n = 88), and 17 discontinued treatment (placebo, n = 8; bismuth subsalicylate n = 9). A total of 146 participants reported ≥1 GI event: placebo, n = 72 (82.8%); and bismuth subsalicylate, n = 74 (84.1%). There was no statistical difference in risk of a GI event between the groups (P = 0.8292). Mean (SD) time from DMF initiation to first GI event was similar: placebo, 5.4 (8.73) days; and bismuth subsalicylate, 5.6 (10.87) days. Incidence of flatulence (38.6% vs 50.6%) and diarrhea (36.4% vs 48.2%) during weeks 1-4 was numerically lower in the bismuth subsalicylate group compared with the placebo group. Mean worst severity scores for flatulence (1.1 vs 1.8; P = 0.0219) and diarrhea (1.0 vs 1.6; P = 0.0500) were lower with bismuth subsalicylate than with placebo., Implications: Although coadministration of bismuth subsalicylate did not affect the occurrence of DMF-related GI events overall, it reduced the severity and incidence of flatulence and diarrhea. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01915901., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2018
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59. [New Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapies].
- Author
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Park JY and Kim JG
- Subjects
- Amoxicillin therapeutic use, Drug Administration Schedule, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Humans, Metronidazole therapeutic use, Precision Medicine, Proton Pump Inhibitors therapeutic use, Salicylates therapeutic use, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Helicobacter Infections drug therapy
- Abstract
While the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is decreasing in Korea, the incidence of gastric cancer remains high, emphasizing the importance of H. pylori eradication. A new treatment strategy is needed as the eradication rate with standard triple therapy, which is currently the standard first-line regimen for H. pylori infection, has decreased below the optimum level. The major cause of eradication failure is increased antibiotic resistance. Sequential, concurrent, and hybrid therapies that include clarithromycin produce higher eradication rates than conventional standard triple therapy. However, the effectiveness of these treatments is limited in regions where the resistance rate to various antibiotics is high. Bismuth quadruple therapy is another alternative therapy, but again the eradication rate is not sufficiently high. Tailored therapy based on individual characteristics, including antibiotic susceptibility, may be ideal, but there are several limitations for clinical application and further research is needed. New potassium-competitive acid blocker-based therapies could emerge as effective alternatives in the near future. A consensus is needed to establish a strategy for applying new eradication therapies in Korea. more...
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- 2018
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60. The usefulness of mobile insulator sheets for the optimisation of deep heating area for regional hyperthermia using a capacitively coupled heating method: phantom, simulation and clinical prospective studies.
- Author
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Tomura K, Ohguri T, Mulder HT, Murakami M, Nakahara S, Yahara K, and Korogi Y
- Subjects
- Humans, Prospective Studies, Hyperthermia, Induced methods, Niacin therapeutic use, Phantoms, Imaging standards, Salicylates therapeutic use
- Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of deep regional hyperthermia with the use of mobile insulator sheets in a capacitively coupled heating device., Materials and Methods: The heat was applied using an 8-MHz radiofrequency-capacitive device. The insulator sheet was inserted between the regular bolus and cooled overlay bolus in each of upper and lower side of the electrode. Several settings using the insulator sheets were investigated in an experimental study using an agar phantom to evaluate the temperature distributions. The specific absorption rate (SAR) distributions in several organs were also computed for the three-dimensional patient model. In a clinical prospective study, a total of five heating sessions were scheduled for the pelvic tumours, to assess the thermal parameters. The conventional setting was used during the first, third and fifth treatment sessions, and insulator sheets were used during the second and fourth treatment sessions., Results: In the phantom study, the higher heating area improved towards the centre when the mobile insulator sheets were used. The subcutaneous fat/target ratios for the averaged SARs in the setting with the mobile insulator (median, 2.5) were significantly improved compared with those in the conventional setting (median, 3.4). In the clinical study, the thermal dose parameters of CEM43°CT90 in the sessions with the mobile insulator sheets (median, 1.9 min) were significantly better than those in the sessions using a conventional setting (median, 1.0 min)., Conclusions: Our novel heating method using mobile insulator sheets was thus found to improve the thermal dose parameters. Further investigations are expected. more...
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- 2018
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61. Combination chemical peels are more effective than single chemical peel in treatment of mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris: A split face comparative clinical trial.
- Author
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Nofal E, Nofal A, Gharib K, Nasr M, Abdelshafy A, and Elsaid E
- Subjects
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Drug Combinations, Drug Therapy, Combination, Ethanol therapeutic use, Female, Glycolates therapeutic use, Humans, Lactic Acid therapeutic use, Male, Multivariate Analysis, Prognosis, Resorcinols therapeutic use, Salicylates therapeutic use, Salicylic Acid therapeutic use, Severity of Illness Index, Treatment Outcome, Trichloroacetic Acid therapeutic use, Young Adult, Acne Vulgaris diagnosis, Acne Vulgaris drug therapy, Chemexfoliation methods, Keratolytic Agents therapeutic use
- Abstract
Background: Successful management of acne involves choosing proper medication. Chemical peeling is a well-known option in treatment of acne vulgaris., Objective: To evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy and safety of combination chemical peels vs single peel in treatment of mild-to-moderate acne., Methods: The study included 45 patients with mild-to-moderate acne divided into three equal groups. Group A underwent combination sequential peels with modified Jessner's solution (MJ) followed by trichloro acetic acid (TCA20%) on the right (Rt) side of the face vs TCA 30% on the left (Lt) side. Group B was treated by combination peels of salicylic (20%) mandelic (10%) (SM) mixture on the Rt half vs salicylic acid 30% on the Lt half. Group C underwent combination sequential peeling of MJ and TCA on the Rt side vs SM combination peels on the Lt side. All patients received six sessions with 2-week intervals and followed up for 3 months after the last session. Side effects were reported., Results: Both sides of the face showed significant improvement of acne lesions but improvement was significantly higher and earlier in sides treated by combination peels. Side effects were minimal., Conclusion: In conclusion, combination peels achieved a higher and earlier therapeutic response with a reasonable cost that is maintained for a relatively long periods than single peel. Combination sequential peels gave the best results., (© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.) more...
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- 2018
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62. Comparative study of buffered 50% glycolic acid (pH 3.0) + 0.5% salicylic acid solution vs Jessner's solution in patients with acne vulgaris.
- Author
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In Jae J, Dong Ju H, Dong Hyun K, Yoon MS, and Lee HJ
- Subjects
- Acne Vulgaris diagnosis, Adult, Drug Combinations, Drug Therapy, Combination, Esthetics, Female, Humans, Male, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Single-Blind Method, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Acne Vulgaris drug therapy, Chemexfoliation methods, Ethanol therapeutic use, Glycolates therapeutic use, Lactic Acid therapeutic use, Resorcinols therapeutic use, Salicylates therapeutic use, Salicylic Acid therapeutic use
- Abstract
Background: Superficial chemical peels are frequently used in acne vulgaris treatment. Although glycolic acid (GA) has been widely used in clinical practice, its pH ranges from 0.08-2.75 and thus should be neutralized after application to avoid burns., Objective: To evaluate treatment efficacy and safety of chemical peeling using buffered 50% GA (pH 3.0) + 0.5% salicylic acid (SA) solution that does not need to be neutralized in the treatment of acne vulgaris compared to the conventional peeling using Jessner's solution., Methods: We performed a prospective, randomized, evaluator-blind, split-face clinical trial. Twenty patients were randomized by assigning one side of each patient's face to receive a 50% GA (pH 3.0) + 0.5% SA peel (GA side) and the other side to receive the Jessner's solution (Jessner's solution side). All patients underwent 2 sessions of treatment spaced 2 weeks apart. Lesion count, acne severity, subjective efficacy assessment, and side effects were evaluated., Results: The total lesion count was significantly reduced for the GA and Jessner's solution sides (P < .001). However, there was no significant difference in the total lesion count, acne severity, or subjective efficacy assessment between the 2 sides (P > .05). The GA side had fewer side effects than the Jessner's solution side., Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that chemical peeling using the 50% GA (pH 3.0) + 0.5% SA solution can be as effective and convenient as the conventional peeling using Jessner's solution in the treatment of acne vulgaris and may show fewer adverse events than the conventional peeling., (© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.) more...
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- 2018
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63. Rheumatoid arthritis and cancer risk[BULLET OPERATOR]results from the Greek European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition cohort.
- Author
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Klinaki E, Katsoulis M, La Vecchia C, and Trichopoulou A
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Arthritis, Rheumatoid drug therapy, Carcinogenesis drug effects, Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors pharmacology, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Greece epidemiology, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms prevention & control, Prevalence, Proportional Hazards Models, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Salicylates pharmacology, Young Adult, Arthritis, Rheumatoid epidemiology, Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors therapeutic use, Neoplasms epidemiology, Salicylates therapeutic use
- Abstract
To investigate the relative risk of cancer development in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients in Greece after taking into consideration treatment modalities. The present analysis used data on the medical history of 26 331 participants in the Greek arm of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition that were collected at enrollment and thereafter during active follow-up. A history of RA and of drug treatment for the disease, as reported at baseline examination, was linked to cases of cancer reported during follow-up. A total of 91 (9.9%) patients with RA developed a cancer compared with 1542 (6.1%) patients without RA. The overall hazard ratios of all cancers increased 25% [95% confidence interval (CI): 1-54] among participants with prevalent RA, and almost all the site-specific incident cancer sites considered had rate ratios above unity. In terms of the contribution of RA medication, the hazard ratios of patients treated with salicylates was close to unity (1.07, 95% CI: 0.69-1.65), whereas those who were not treated with salicylates had a 31% (95% CI: 3-67) increased risk for cancer incidence compared with those without RA at baseline. RA patients have excess cancer risk because of either underlying complex disease pathways or treatment agents targeting immune function. Administration of salicylates appears to reduce the risk of developing malignancies. more...
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- 2018
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64. Helicobacter pylori eradication may successfully treat primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma.
- Author
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Robotis J, Tsiodras S, and Rokkas T
- Subjects
- Amoxicillin therapeutic use, Bismuth therapeutic use, Clarithromycin therapeutic use, Doxycycline therapeutic use, Female, Helicobacter Infections complications, Humans, Lansoprazole therapeutic use, Lymphoma, B-Cell drug therapy, Metronidazole therapeutic use, Middle Aged, Organometallic Compounds therapeutic use, Rabeprazole therapeutic use, Salicylates therapeutic use, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Helicobacter Infections drug therapy, Helicobacter pylori, Lymphoma, B-Cell microbiology
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- 2018
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65. Lymphocytic colitis: pathologic predictors of response to therapy.
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Setia N, Alpert L, van der Sloot KW, Colussi D, Stewart KO, Misdraji J, Khalili H, and Lauwers GY
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Biopsy, Bismuth therapeutic use, Collagen drug effects, Collagen metabolism, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Organometallic Compounds therapeutic use, Salicylates therapeutic use, Treatment Outcome, Antidiarrheals therapeutic use, Colitis, Lymphocytic therapy, Mesalamine therapeutic use, Steroids therapeutic use
- Abstract
Although the presence of intraepithelial lymphocytosis with surface epithelial damage is a unifying feature of lymphocytic colitis, there are nonclassical features that create morphologic heterogeneity between cases. Limited data on the significance of these secondary histologic features are available. Cases of lymphocytic colitis diagnosed between 2002 and 2013 were identified using the Research Patient Data Registry of a tertiary referral center. Diagnostic biopsy slides were reviewed and evaluated for histologic features of lymphocytic colitis. Clinical data including type of therapy and response to treatment were collected. χ
2 Test (or Fisher exact test) and logistic regression analysis were used where appropriate. Thirty-two cases of lymphocytic colitis with complete clinical data and slides available for review were identified. The mean age was 56.4 years, and the female-to-male ratio was 3:2. Eleven patients improved with minimal intervention (group 1), 14 patients responded to steroid therapy (group 2), and 7 patients responded to mesalamine, bismuth subsalicylate, and/or cholestyramine therapy (group 3). Histologic differences in the characteristics of the subepithelial collagen table (P = .018), the severity of lamina propria inflammation (P = .042), and the presence of eosinophil clusters (P = .016) were seen between groups 2 and 3. Patients in group 1 were more likely to have mild crypt architectural distortion in their biopsies than patients in groups 2 and 3. Lymphocytic colitis is a heterogeneous disease, and the evaluation of histologic factors may help identify various subtypes and predict therapy response., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) more...- Published
- 2018
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66. Ear drops for the removal of ear wax.
- Author
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Aaron K, Cooper TE, Warner L, and Burton MJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Antipyrine therapeutic use, Benzocaine therapeutic use, Carbamide Peroxide, Carbonates therapeutic use, Child, Chlorobutanol therapeutic use, Choline analogs & derivatives, Choline therapeutic use, Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid therapeutic use, Drug Combinations, Ethanolamines therapeutic use, Humans, Peroxides therapeutic use, Pharmaceutical Solutions therapeutic use, Plant Oils therapeutic use, Potassium therapeutic use, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Salicylates therapeutic use, Sodium Chloride therapeutic use, Urea analogs & derivatives, Urea therapeutic use, Water, Cerumen, Ear Canal, Hygiene, Surface-Active Agents therapeutic use
- Abstract
Background: Ear wax (cerumen) is a normal bodily secretion that can become a problem when it obstructs the ear canal. Symptoms attributed to wax (such as deafness and pain) are among the commonest reasons for patients to present to primary care with ear trouble.Wax is part of the ear's self-cleaning mechanism and is usually naturally expelled from the ear canal without causing problems. When this mechanism fails, wax is retained in the canal and may become impacted; interventions to encourage its removal may then be needed. Application of ear drops is one of these methods. Liquids used to remove and soften wax are of several kinds: oil-based compounds (e.g. olive or almond oil); water-based compounds (e.g. sodium bicarbonate or water itself); a combination of the above or non-water, non-oil-based solutions, such as carbamide peroxide (a hydrogen peroxide-urea compound) and glycerol., Objectives: To assess the effects of ear drops (or sprays) to remove or aid the removal of ear wax in adults and children., Search Methods: We searched the Cochrane ENT Trials Register; Cochrane Register of Studies; PubMed; Ovid Embase; CINAHL; Web of Science; ClinicalTrials.gov; ICTRP and additional sources for published and unpublished trials. The date of the most recent search was 23 March 2018., Selection Criteria: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in which a 'cerumenolytic' was compared with no treatment, water or saline, an alternative liquid treatment (oil or almond oil) or another 'cerumenolytic' in adults or children with obstructing or impacted ear wax., Data Collection and Analysis: We used the standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. The primary outcomes were 1) the proportion of patients (or ears) with complete clearance of ear wax and 2) adverse effects (discomfort, irritation or pain). Secondary outcomes were: extent of wax clearance; proportion of people (or ears) with relief of symptoms due to wax; proportion of people (or ears) requiring further intervention to remove wax; success of mechanical removal of residual wax following treatment; any other adverse effects recorded and cost. We used GRADE to assess the quality of the evidence for each outcome; this is indicated in italics., Main Results: We included 10 studies, with 623 participants (900 ears). Interventions included: oil-based treatments (triethanolamine polypeptide, almond oil, benzocaine, chlorobutanol), water-based treatments (docusate sodium, carbamide peroxide, phenazone, choline salicylate, urea peroxide, potassium carbonate), other active comparators (e.g. saline or water alone) and no treatment. Nine of the studies were more than 15 years old.The overall risk of bias across the 10 included studies was low or unclear., Primary Outcome: proportion of patients (or ears) with complete clearance of ear waxSix studies (360 participants; 491 ears) contributed quantitative data and were included in our meta-analyses.Active treatment versus no treatmentOnly one study addressed this comparison. The proportion of ears with complete clearance of ear wax was higher in the active treatment group (22%) compared with the no treatment group (5%) after five days of treatment (risk ratio (RR) 4.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00 to 16.80); one study; 117 ears; NNTB = 8) (low-quality evidence).Active treatment versus water or salineWe found no evidence of a difference in the proportion of patients (or ears) with complete clearance of ear wax when the active treatment group was compared to the water or saline group (RR 1.47, 95% CI 0.79 to 2.75; three studies; 213 participants; 257 ears) (low-quality evidence). Two studies applied drops for five days, but one study only applied the drops for 15 minutes. When we excluded this study in a sensitivity analysis it did not change the result.Water or saline versus no treatmentThis comparison was only addressed in the single study cited above (active versus no treatment) and there was no evidence of a difference in the proportion of ears with complete wax clearance when comparing water or saline with no treatment after five days of treatment (RR 4.00, 95% CI 0.91 to 17.62; one study; 76 ears) (low-quality evidence).Active treatment A versus active treatment BSeveral single studies evaluated 'head-to-head' comparisons between two active treatments. We found no evidence to show that one was superior to any other.Subgroup analysis of oil-based active treatments versus non-oil based active treatmentsWe found no evidence of a difference in this outcome when oil-based treatments were compared with non-oil-based active treatments., Primary Outcome: adverse effects: discomfort, irritation or painOnly seven studies planned to measure and did report this outcome. Only two (141 participants;176 ears) provided useable data. There was no evidence of a significant difference in the number of adverse effects between the types of ear drops in these two studies. We summarised the remaining five studies narratively. All events were mild and reported in fewer than 30 participants across the seven studies (low-quality evidence).Secondary outcomesThree studies reported 'other' adverse effects (how many studies planned to report these is unclear). The available information was limited and included occasional reports of dizziness, unpleasant smell, tinnitus and hearing loss. No significant differences between groups were reported. There were no emergencies or serious adverse effects reported in any of the 10 studies.There was very limited or no information available on our remaining secondary outcomes., Authors' Conclusions: Although a number of studies aimed to evaluate whether or not one type of cerumenolytic is more effective than another, there is no high-quality evidence to allow a firm conclusion to be drawn and the answer remains uncertain.A single study suggests that applying ear drops for five days may result in a greater likelihood of complete wax clearance than no treatment at all. However, we cannot conclude whether one type of active treatment is more effective than another and there was no evidence of a difference in efficacy between oil-based and water-based active treatments.There is no evidence to show that using saline or water alone is better or worse than commercially produced cerumenolytics. Equally, there is also no evidence to show that using saline or water alone is better than no treatment. more...
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- 2018
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67. Safety and Optimal Neuroprotection of neu2000 in acute Ischemic stroke with reCanalization: study protocol for a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase-II trial.
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Hong JM, Choi MH, Sohn SI, Hwang YH, Ahn SH, Lee YB, Shin DI, Chamorro Á, and Choi DW
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- Brain Ischemia diagnosis, Brain Ischemia physiopathology, Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic, Disability Evaluation, Double-Blind Method, Fluorobenzenes adverse effects, Humans, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Neuroprotective Agents adverse effects, Prospective Studies, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Recovery of Function, Republic of Korea, Salicylates adverse effects, Stroke diagnosis, Stroke physiopathology, Thrombectomy adverse effects, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, meta-Aminobenzoates adverse effects, Brain Ischemia therapy, Endovascular Procedures adverse effects, Fluorobenzenes therapeutic use, Neuroprotective Agents therapeutic use, Salicylates therapeutic use, Stroke therapy, Thrombectomy methods, meta-Aminobenzoates therapeutic use
- Abstract
Background: The potential of neuroprotective agents should be revisited in the era of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for acute large-artery occlusion because their preclinical effects have been optimized for ischemia and reperfusion injury. Neu2000, a derivative of sulfasalazine, is a multi-target neuroprotectant. It selectively blocks N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and scavenges for free radicals. This trial aimed to determine whether neuroprotectant administration before EVT is safe and leads to a more favorable outcome., Methods: This trial is a phase-II, multicenter, three-arm, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, blinded-endpoint drug trial that enrolled participants aged ≥ 19 years undergoing an EVT attempt less than 8 h from symptom onset, with baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≥ 8, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score ≥ 6, evidence of large-artery occlusion, and at least moderate collaterals on computed tomography angiography. EVT-attempted patients are randomized into control, low-dose (2.75 g), and high-dose (5.25 g) Neu2000KWL over 5 days. Seventy participants per group are enrolled for 90% power, assuming that the treatment group has a 28.4% higher proportion of participants with functional independence than the placebo group. The primary outcome, based on intention-to-treat criteria is the improvement of modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at 3 months using a dichotomized model. Safety outcomes include symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within 5 days. Secondary outcomes are distributional change of mRS, mean differences in NIHSS score, proportion of NIHSS score 0-2, and Barthel Index > 90 at 1 and 4 weeks, and 3 months., Discussion: The trial results may provide information on new therapeutic options as multi-target neuroprotection might mitigate reperfusion injury in patients with acute ischemic stroke before EVT., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT02831088 . Registered on 13 July 2016. more...
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- 2018
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68. Triflusal in Patients With Aspirin Hypersensitivity Treated With Coronary Stent Implantation.
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Fuertes Ferre G, Laita Monreal S, Ortas Nadal MDR, Sánchez Insa E, Sánchez Rubio-Lezcano J, and Galache Osuna JG
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- Aged, Female, Fibrinolytic Agents adverse effects, Humans, Male, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors therapeutic use, Aspirin adverse effects, Drug Hypersensitivity complications, Graft Occlusion, Vascular prevention & control, Myocardial Ischemia therapy, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention methods, Salicylates therapeutic use, Stents
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- 2018
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69. Relative efficacy and safety of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies.
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Zeng C, Wei J, Persson MSM, Sarmanova A, Doherty M, Xie D, Wang Y, Li X, Li J, Long H, Lei G, and Zhang W
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- Administration, Cutaneous, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal adverse effects, Bayes Theorem, Humans, Network Meta-Analysis, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Salicylates adverse effects, Salicylates therapeutic use, Transdermal Patch, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal therapeutic use, Osteoarthritis drug therapy, Pain drug therapy
- Abstract
Objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including salicylate, for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA)., Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched from 1966 to January 2017. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing topical NSAIDs with placebo or each other in patients with OA and observational studies comparing topical NSAIDs with no treatment or each other irrespective of disease were included. Two investigators identified studies and independently extracted data. Bayesian network and conventional meta-analyses were conducted. The primary outcomes were pain relief for RCTs and risk of adverse effects (AEs) for observational studies., Results: 43 studies, comprising 36 RCTs (7 900 patients with OA) and seven observational studies (218 074 participants), were included. Overall, topical NSAIDs were superior to placebo for relieving pain (standardised mean difference (SMD)=-0.30, 95% CI -0.40 to -0.20) and improving function (SMD=-0.35, 95% CI -0.45 to -0.24) in OA. Of all topical NSAIDs, diclofenac patches were most effective for OA pain (SMD=-0.81, 95% CI -1.12 to -0.52) and piroxicam was most effective for functional improvement (SMD=-1.04, 95% CI -1.60 to -0.48) compared with placebo. Although salicylate gel was associated with higher withdrawal rates due to AEs, the remaining topical NSAIDs were not associated with any increased local or systemic AEs., Conclusions: Topical NSAIDs were effective and safe for OA. Diclofenac patches may be the most effective topical NSAID for pain relief. No serious gastrointestinal and renal AEs were observed in trials or the general population. However, confirmation of the cardiovascular safety of topical NSAIDs still warrants further observational study., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.) more...
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- 2018
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70. Randomized controlled trial on mouth rinse and flossing efficacy on interproximal gingivitis and dental plaque.
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Luís HS, Luís LS, Bernardo M, and Dos Santos NR
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- Adult, Dental Plaque Index, Drug Combinations, Female, Humans, Male, Periodontal Index, Salicylates therapeutic use, Terpenes therapeutic use, Toothpastes therapeutic use, Treatment Outcome, Dental Devices, Home Care statistics & numerical data, Dental Plaque prevention & control, Gingivitis prevention & control, Mouthwashes therapeutic use, Oils, Volatile therapeutic use
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Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of an essential oils mouth rinse and dental floss on dental plaque accumulation and gingivitis in interproximal areas., Methods: With informed consent, a parallel randomized controlled clinical trial was developed with 60 third-year dental hygiene students, randomly divided into two non-blind groups of 30 individuals each. For a period of 2 weeks, one group used an essential oils mouth rinse, according to manufacturer's instructions, and the other group flossed twice a day. Both groups received a toothbrush and fluoridated toothpaste for home dental hygiene care. A baseline dental hygiene appointment consisted of tooth scaling, prophylaxis and collection of the study data, using the Lobene modified gingival index; Saxton & Ouderaa gingival bleeding index and the Quigley & Hein modified by Turesky dental plaque index., Results: At baseline, there was no significant difference between the groups for interproximal gingival inflammation (P = .214), gingival bleeding (P = .829) and dental plaque accumulation (P = .860). After 2 weeks of treatment, no significant differences were found between the essential oils mouth rinse and dental flossing for reduction of interproximal gingival inflammation (P = .938) and bleeding (P = .307). Essential oils mouth rinse showed to be significantly better than dental flossing in reducing interproximal dental plaque accumulation (P = .006)., Conclusion: The use of an essential oils mouth rinse may be advised, as a complement, for patients unable to floss effectively, as it is more effective in reducing interproximal dental plaque accumulation than dental floss., (© 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.) more...
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- 2018
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71. Pharmacological inhibition of SUMO-1 with ginkgolic acid alleviates cardiac fibrosis induced by myocardial infarction in mice.
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Qiu F, Dong C, Liu Y, Shao X, Huang D, Han Y, Wang B, Liu Y, Huo R, Paulo P, Zhang ZR, Zhao D, and Chu WF
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- Animals, Animals, Newborn, Cell Survival drug effects, Cell Survival physiology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Fibrosis drug therapy, Fibrosis metabolism, Fibrosis pathology, Male, Mice, Myocardial Infarction metabolism, Myocardial Infarction pathology, SUMO-1 Protein metabolism, Salicylates pharmacology, Stroke Volume drug effects, Stroke Volume physiology, Myocardial Infarction drug therapy, SUMO-1 Protein antagonists & inhibitors, Salicylates therapeutic use
- Abstract
Background and Purpose: Protein modification by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of heart diseases. The present study was designed to determine whether ginkgolic acid (GA) as a SUMO-1 inhibitor exerts an inhibitory effect on cardiac fibrosis induced by myocardial infarction (MI)., Experimental Approach: GA was delivered by osmotic pumps in MI mice. Masson staining, electron microscopy (EM) and echocardiography were used to assess cardiac fibrosis, ultrastructure and function. Expression of SUMO-1, PML, TGF-β1 and Pin1 was measured with Western blot or Real-time PCR. Collagen content, cell viability and myofibroblast transformation were measured in neonatal mouse cardiac fibroblasts (NMCFs). Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein was over-expressed by plasmid transfection., Key Results: GA improved cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction, and decreased SUMO-1 expression in MI mice. GA (>20 μM) inhibited NMCF viability in a dose-dependent manner. Nontoxic GA (10 μM) restrained angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced myofibroblast transformation and collagen production. GA also inhibited expression of TGF-β1 mRNA and protein in vitro and in vivo. GA suppressed PML SUMOylation and PML nuclear body (PML-NB) organization, and disrupted expression and recruitment of Pin1 (a positive regulator of TGF-β1 mRNA), whereas over-expression of PML reversed that., Conclusions and Implications: Inhibition of SUMO-1 by GA alleviated MI-induced heart dysfunction and fibrosis, and the SUMOylated PML/Pin1/TGF-β1 pathway is crucial for GA-inhibited cardiac fibrosis., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.) more...
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- 2018
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72. Gastrointestinal Prophylaxis in Sports Medicine.
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Patel AR, Oheb D, and Zaslow TL
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- Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Antidiarrheals therapeutic use, Bismuth therapeutic use, Campylobacter Infections epidemiology, Campylobacter Infections prevention & control, Cryptosporidiosis epidemiology, Cryptosporidiosis prevention & control, Diarrhea epidemiology, Diarrhea microbiology, Escherichia coli Infections epidemiology, Escherichia coli Infections prevention & control, Humans, Incidence, Organometallic Compounds therapeutic use, Probiotics therapeutic use, Salicylates therapeutic use, Diarrhea prevention & control, Sports, Travel-Related Illness
- Abstract
Context: Because sports participation at all levels often requires international travel, coaches, athletic trainers, and team physicians must effectively protect athletes from gastrointestinal infections. Traveler's diarrhea is the most common travel-related illness and can significantly interfere with training and performance., Evidence Acquisition: A review of relevant publications was completed using PubMed and Google Scholar., Study Design: Clinical review., Level of Evidence: Level 5 Results: Enterotoxigenic and enteroaggregative Escherichia coli are the most common bacterial causes of traveler's diarrhea. Traveler's diarrhea generally occurs within 4 days of arrival, and symptoms tend to resolve within 5 days of onset. There are several prophylactic agents that physicians can recommend to athletes, including antibiotics, bismuth subsalicylate, and probiotics; however, each has its own unique limitations. Decision-making should be based on the athlete's destination, length of stay, and intent of travel., Conclusion: Prophylaxis with antibiotics is highly effective; however, physicians should be hesitant to prescribe medication due to the side effects and risks for creating antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. Antibiotics may be indicated for high-risk groups, such as those with a baseline disease or travelers who have little flexible time. Since most cases of traveler's diarrhea are caused by food and/or water contamination, all athletes should be educated on the appropriate food and water consumption safety measures prior to travel. more...
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- 2018
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73. A rare cause of facial nerve palsy in a young infant: Kawasaki disease.
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Orgun A, Karagöl C, Pamuk U, Gürsu HA, and Çetin İ
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- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal therapeutic use, Antihypertensive Agents therapeutic use, Coronary Aneurysm diagnostic imaging, Coronary Aneurysm etiology, Echocardiography methods, Enalapril therapeutic use, Female, Fever etiology, Humans, Immunoglobulins, Intravenous therapeutic use, Infant, Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome complications, Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome drug therapy, Salicylates therapeutic use, Facial Paralysis etiology, Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome diagnosis
- Abstract
Orgun A, Karagöl C, Pamuk U, Gürsu HA, Çetin İ. A rare cause of facial nerve palsy in a young infant: Kawasaki disease. Turk J Pediatr 2018; 60: 433-435. Kawasaki disease (KD) is a vasculitis in which the most common complication is development of coronary aneurysms. Neurological complications rarely occur in KD patients such as facial nerve palsy (FNP). FNP associated with KD may indicate increased risk of coronary artery aneurysm. Infants with facial nerve paralysis and unexplained-prolonged febrile period should be evaluated with echocardiography. Here in, we present a 4-month-old female with FNP and unexplained fever who was diagnosed KD due to echocardiographic findings. more...
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- 2018
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74. Evaluation Of Micro Leakage Of Root Canals Filled With Different Obturation Techniques: An In Vitro Study.
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Lone MM and Khan FR
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- Dental Pulp Cavity, Humans, Root Canal Preparation, Calcium Hydroxide therapeutic use, Dental Leakage, Gutta-Percha therapeutic use, Root Canal Filling Materials therapeutic use, Root Canal Obturation methods, Salicylates therapeutic use
- Abstract
Background: Despite a plethora of studies done comparing different obturation techniques using gutta-percha, there is no consensus as to which obturation technique results in a 'better' sealing of root canal space. Aims of the study are to compare mean apical micro leakage in root canals of extracted teeth obturated with cold laterally compacted gutta-percha and thermoplasticised injectable gutta-percha using calcium hydroxide based sealer., Methods: It was an in-vitro experimental study carried out using extracted teeth. After access cavity preparation and canal preparation in 70 teeth, they were randomly divided into 2 groups and filled with two different obturation techniques using Sealapex sealer. Teeth were placed in 2.0% methylene blue solution, sectioned longitudinally, observed under microscope and images were captured using microscope attached camera. Amount of dye penetration was measured in millimetre from apex to most coronal part of dye penetration. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.0. Mean and standard deviation of continuous variables was computed. Independent Sample t- test was applied to compare micro leakage values in the two study groups. Level of significance was kept at 0.05., Results: According to the measurements, obturation with Obtura-II and Sealapex was leakier than the other group, with a mean dye penetration of 1.91±1.15 mm. There was a statistically significant difference in dye penetration among the two groups.., Conclusions: Cold lateral compaction plus Sealapex was the best combination for obturation as it exhibited least microleakage. Obtura IISealapex combination should be used with caution as it showed maximum microleakage. For obturation of single rooted teeth, we recommend cold lateral condensation with Sealapex sealer as it showed better sealability. Obtura-II and Sealapex should be used with caution in single rooted teeth as this group showed the maximum leakage.. more...
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- 2018
75. Unusual cause of encephalopathy after brain surgery.
- Author
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Mahmooth Z, Malcolm JG, Wetzel JS, and Ahmad FU
- Subjects
- Acidosis blood, Aftercare, Arnold-Chiari Malformation complications, Arnold-Chiari Malformation surgery, Brain diagnostic imaging, Brain Diseases blood, Brain Diseases diagnostic imaging, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Headache diagnosis, Headache etiology, Humans, Infusions, Intravenous, Mental Disorders diagnosis, Mental Disorders etiology, Middle Aged, Salicylates blood, Salicylates therapeutic use, Sodium Bicarbonate administration & dosage, Sodium Bicarbonate therapeutic use, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods, Treatment Outcome, Acidosis chemically induced, Brain surgery, Brain Diseases chemically induced, Neurosurgical Procedures adverse effects, Salicylates adverse effects
- Abstract
For patients who have had a recent neurosurgical procedure, a visit to the emergency department for encephalopathy may automatically prompt a neurosurgical consult. We present a case of a patient with a history of Chiari malformation decompressed 6 months prior who presented with a 2-week history of slowly progressive altered mental status, headache and imbalance-symptoms consistent with her initial Chiari symptoms, so neurosurgery was consulted. Imaging showed no acute abnormality, but laboratory results revealed metabolic acidosis with high salicylate levels. When reporting medication use, this patient initially left out that she had been taking Goody's powder (845 mg aspirin) for headaches, and long-term use led to metabolic encephalopathy. Despite a recent history of surgery, it is important to keep the differential diagnosis broad especially when there are signs of metabolic derangement., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Ltd (unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.) more...
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- 2017
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76. Interventions for treating collagenous colitis.
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Kafil TS, Nguyen TM, Patton PH, MacDonald JK, Chande N, and McDonald JW
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- Bismuth therapeutic use, Boswellia chemistry, Budesonide therapeutic use, Cholestyramine Resin therapeutic use, Chronic Disease, Colitis, Collagenous complications, Diarrhea etiology, Glucocorticoids therapeutic use, Humans, Mesalamine therapeutic use, Organometallic Compounds therapeutic use, Plant Extracts therapeutic use, Prednisolone therapeutic use, Probiotics therapeutic use, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Salicylates therapeutic use, Colitis, Collagenous therapy, Diarrhea therapy
- Abstract
Background: Collagenous colitis is a cause of chronic diarrhea. This updated review was performed to identify therapies for collagenous colitis that have been assessed in randomized controlled trials (RCTs)., Objectives: The primary objective was to assess the benefits and harms of treatments for collagenous colitis., Search Methods: We searched CENTRAL, the Cochrane IBD Group Specialized Register, MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to 7 November 2016., Selection Criteria: We included RCTs comparing a therapy with placebo or active comparator for the treatment of active or quiescent collagenous colitis., Data Collection and Analysis: Data were independently extracted by two authors. The primary outcome was clinical response or maintenance of response as defined by the included studies. Secondary outcome measures included histological response, quality of life and the occurrence of adverse events. Risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for dichotomous outcomes. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess bias. The overall quality of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE criteria., Main Results: Twelve RCTs (476 participants) were included. These studies assessed bismuth subsalicylate, Boswellia serrata extract, mesalamine, cholestyramine, probiotics, prednisolone and budesonide therapy. Four studies were low risk of bias. One study assessing mesalamine and cholestyramine was judged to be high risk of bias due to no blinding. The other studies had an unclear risk of bias for random sequence generation (five studies) allocation concealment (six studies), blinding (one study), incomplete outcome data (one study) and selective outcome reporting (one study). Clinical response occurred in 100% (4/4) of patients who received bismuth subsalicylate (nine 262 mg tablets daily for 8 weeks) compared to 0% (0/5) of patients who received placebo (1 study; 9 participants; RR 10.80, 95% CI 0.75 to 155.93; GRADE = very low). Clinical response occurred in 44% (7/16) of patients who received Boswellia serrata extract (three 400 mg/day capsules for 8 weeks) compared to 27% (4/15) of patients who received placebo (1 study; 31 participants; RR 1.64, 95% CI 0.60 to 4.49; GRADE = low). Clinical response occurred in 80% (24/30) of budesonide patients compared to 44% (11/25) of mesalamine patients (1 study; 55 participants; RR 1.82, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.93; GRADE = low). Histological response was observed in 87% (26/30) of budesonide patients compared to 44% (11/25) of mesalamine patients (1 study, 55 participants; RR 1.97, 95% CI 1.24 to 3.13; GRADE = low). There was no difference between the two treatments with respect to adverse events (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.43 to 1.10; GRADE = low), withdrawals due to adverse events (RR 0.09, 95% CI 0.01 to 1.65; GRADE = low) and serious adverse events (RR 0.12, 95% CI 0.01 to 2.21; GRADE = low). Clinical response occurred in 44% (11/25) of mesalamine patients (3 g/day) compared to 59% (22/37) of placebo patients (1 study; 62 participants; RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.44 to 1.24; GRADE = low). Histological response was observed in 44% (11/25) and 51% (19/37) of patients receiving mesalamine and placebo, respectively (1 study; 62 participants; RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.50 to 1.47; GRADE = low). There was no difference between the two treatments with respect to adverse events (RR 1.26, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.88; GRADE = low), withdrawals due to adverse events (RR 5.92, 95% CI 0.70 to 49.90; GRADE = low) and serious adverse events (RR 4.44, 95% CI 0.49 to 40.29; GRADE = low). Clinical response occurred in 63% (5/8) of prednisolone (50 mg/day for 2 weeks) patients compared to 0% (0/3) of placebo patients (1 study, 11 participants; RR 4.89, 95% CI 0.35 to 68.83; GRADE = very low). Clinical response occurred in 29% (6/21) of patients who received probiotics (2 capsules containing 0.5 x 10
10 CFU each of L. acidophilus LA-5 and B. animalis subsp. lactis strain BB-12 twice daily for 12 weeks) compared to 13% (1/8) of placebo patients (1 study, 29 participants, RR 2.29, 95% CI 0.32 to 16.13; GRADE = very low). Clinical response occurred in 73% (8/11) of patients who received mesalamine (800 mg three times daily) compared to 100% (12/12) of patients who received mesalamine + cholestyramine (4 g daily) (1 study, 23 participants; RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.50 to 1.08; GRADE = very low). Clinical response occurred in 81% (38/47) of patients who received budesonide (9 mg daily in a tapering schedule for 6 to 8 weeks) compared to 17% (8/47) of placebo patients (3 studies; 94 participants; RR 4.56, 95% CI 2.43 to 8.55; GRADE = low). Histological response was higher in budesonide participants (72%, 34/47) compared to placebo (17%, 8/47) (RR 4.15, 95% CI 2.25 to 7.66; GRADE = low). Clinical response was maintained in 68% (57/84) of budesonide patients compared to 20% (18/88) of placebo patients (3 studies, 172 participants, RR 3.30 95% CI 2.13 to 5.09; GRADE = low). Histological response was maintained in 48% (19/40) of budesonide patients compared to 15% (6/40) of placebo patients (2 studies; 80 participants; RR 3.17, 95% CI 1.44 to 6.95; GRADE = very low). No difference was found between budesonide and placebo for adverse events (5 studies; 290 participants; RR 1.18, o95% CI 0.92 to 1.51; GRADE = low), withdrawals due to adverse events (5 studies, 290 participants; RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.43 to 2.17; GRADE = very low) or serious adverse events (4 studies, 175 participants; RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.15 to 8.01; GRADE = very low). Adverse effects reported in the budesonide studies include nausea, vomiting, neck pain, abdominal pain, excessive sweating and headache. Adverse effects reported in the mesalamine studies included nausea and skin rash. Adverse effects in the prednisolone study included abdominal pain, headache, sleep disturbance, mood change and weight gain., Authors' Conclusions: Low quality evidence suggests that budesonide may be effective for inducing and maintaining clinical and histological response in patients with collagenous colitis. We are uncertain about the benefits and harms of therapy with bismuth subsalicylate, Boswellia serrata extract, mesalamine with or without cholestramine, prednisolone and probiotics. These agents and other therapies require further study. more...- Published
- 2017
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77. Salsalate improves glycaemia in overweight persons with diabetes risk factors of stable statin-treated cardiovascular disease: A 30-month randomized placebo-controlled trial.
- Author
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Salastekar N, Desai T, Hauser T, Schaefer EJ, Fowler K, Joseph S, Shoelson SE, and Goldfine AB
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Blood Glucose metabolism, Cardiovascular Diseases blood, Cardiovascular Diseases complications, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Overweight complications, Placebos, Prediabetic State complications, Risk Factors, Treatment Outcome, Blood Glucose drug effects, Cardiovascular Diseases drug therapy, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors therapeutic use, Overweight blood, Overweight drug therapy, Prediabetic State blood, Prediabetic State drug therapy, Salicylates therapeutic use
- Abstract
Objective: To assess long-term efficacy and safety of salsalate to improve glycemia in persons with diabetes risk, who are overweight with statin-treated, stable coronary heart disease., Methods: Glycemic status was assessed in 192 persons without diabetes at baseline in a pre-specified secondary analysis from Targeting INflammation Using SALsalate in CardioVascular Disease (TINSAL-CVD), a multi-center, double-masked, randomized (1:1), placebo-controlled, parallel clinical trial., Results: Participants were mostly Caucasian males, age 60±7 years, BMI 31.4±3.0 kg/m
2 , fasting glucose 92.8±11.0 mg/dL, and HbA1c 5.8±0.3%. Reductions in mean fasting glucose -5.70 mg/dL (95%CI: -7.44 to -3.97 mg/dL, P<0.001), HbA1c -0.11% (95%CI: -0.210 to -0.002%, P=0.046) and glycated serum protein -81.8 μg/mL (95%CI: -93.7 to -69.9 μg/mL, P<0.001) were demonstrated in salsalate compared to placebo-assigned groups over 30 months. Reductions in fasting glucose and glycated serum protein were greater with salsalate compared to placebo in participants with prediabetes compared to a normoglycemic sub-group (Pinteraction =0.018). Salsalate lowered total white blood cell counts (mean difference -0.7x103 /μL, 95%CI: -1.0 to -0.4 x103 /μL, P<0.001) and increased adiponectin (mean difference 1.8 μg/mL, 95%CI: 0.9 to 2.6 μg/mL, P<0.001) and albuminurea (16.7 μg/mg, 95%CI: 6.4 to 27.1 μg/mg, P<0.001) compared to placebo, consistent with previous results for patients with type 2 diabetes taking salsalate for shorter times., Conclusions: Salsalate improves glycemia in obese persons at increased risk for diabetes, and hence may decrease risk of incident type 2 diabetes. Salsalate may inform new therapeutic approaches for diabetes prevention, but renal safety may limit clinical utility., (© 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.) more...- Published
- 2017
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78. Interventions for treating lymphocytic colitis.
- Author
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Chande N, Al Yatama N, Bhanji T, Nguyen TM, McDonald JW, and MacDonald JK
- Subjects
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use, Beclomethasone therapeutic use, Bismuth therapeutic use, Budesonide therapeutic use, Cholestyramine Resin therapeutic use, Humans, Mesalamine therapeutic use, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Salicylates therapeutic use, Antidiarrheals therapeutic use, Colitis, Lymphocytic drug therapy, Organometallic Compounds therapeutic use
- Abstract
Background: Lymphocytic colitis is a cause of chronic diarrhea. It is a subtype of microscopic colitis characterized by chronic, watery, non-bloody diarrhea and normal endoscopic and radiologic findings. The etiology of this disorder is unknown.Therapy is based mainly on case series and uncontrolled trials, or by extrapolation of data for treating collagenous colitis, a related disorder. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review., Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatments for clinically active lymphocytic colitis., Search Methods: The MEDLINE, PUBMED and EMBASE databases were searched from inception to 11 August 2016 to identify relevant papers. Manual searches from the references of included studies and relevant review articles were performed.Abstracts from major gastroenterological meetings were also searched to identify research submitted in abstract form only. The trial registry web site www.ClinicalTrials.gov was searched to identify registered but unpublished trials. Finally, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the Cochrane Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Functional Bowel Disorders Group Specialized Trials Register were searched for other studies., Selection Criteria: Randomized controlled trials assessing medical therapy for patients with biopsy-proven lymphocytic colitis were considered for inclusion DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data was independently extracted by at least two authors. Any disagreements were resolved by consensus. Data were analyzed on an intention-to-treat (ITT) basis. The primary outcome was clinical response as defined by the included studies. Secondary outcome measures included histological response as defined by the included studies, quality of life as measured by a validated instrument and the occurrence of adverse events. Risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for dichotomous outcomes. The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The overall quality of the evidence supporting the primary outcome and selected secondary outcomes was assessed using the GRADE criteria. Data were combined for analysis if they assessed the same treatments. Dichotomous data were combined using a pooled RR along with corresponding 95% CI. A fixed-effect model was used for the pooled analysis., Main Results: Five RCTs (149 participants) met the inclusion criteria. These studies assessed bismuth subsalicylate versus placebo, budesonide versus placebo, mesalazine versus mesalazine plus cholestyramine and beclometasone dipropionate versus mesalazine. The study which assessed mesalazine versus mesalazine plus cholestyramine and the study which assessed beclometasone dipropionate versus mesalazine were judged to be at high risk of bias due to lack of blinding. The study which compared bismuth subsalicylate versus us placebo was judged as low quality due to a very small sample size and limited data. The other 3 studies were judged to be at low risk of bias. Budesonide (9 mg/day for 6 to 8 weeks) was significantly more effective than placebo for induction of clinical and histological response. Clinical response was noted in 88% of budesonide patients compared to 38% of placebo patients (2 studies; 57 participants; RR 2.03, 95% CI 1.25 to 3.33; GRADE = low). Histological response was noted in 78% of budesonide patients compared to 33% of placebo patients (2 studies; 39 patients; RR 2.44, 95% CI 1.13 to 5.28; GRADE = low). Forty-one patients were enrolled in the study assessing mesalazine (2.4 g/day) versus mesalazine plus cholestyramine (4 g/day). Clinical response was noted in 85% of patients in the mesalazine group compared to 86% of patients in the mesalazine plus cholestyramine group (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.28; GRADE = low). Five patients were enrolled in the trial studying bismuth subsalicylate (nine 262 mg tablets daily for 8 weeks versus placebo). There were no differences in clinical (P=0.10) or histological responses (P=0.71) in patients treated with bismuth subsalicylate compared with placebo (GRADE = very low). Forty-six patients were enrolled in the trial studying beclometasone dipropionate (5 mg/day or 10 mg/day) versus mesalazine (2.4 g/day). There were no differences in clinical remission at 8 weeks (RR 0.97; 95% CI 0.75 to 1.24; GRADE = low) and 12 months of treatment (RR 1.29; 95% CI 0.40 to 4.18; GRADE = very low). Although patients receiving beclometasone dipropionate (84%) and mesalazine (86%) achieved clinical remission at 8 weeks, it was not maintained at 12 months (26% and 20%, respectively). Adverse events reported in the budesonide studies include nausea, vomiting, neck pain, abdominal pain, hyperhidrosis and headache. Nausea and skin rash were reported as adverse events in the mesalazine study. Adverse events in the beclometasone dipropionate trial include nausea, sleepiness and change of mood. No adverse events were reported in the bismuth subsalicylate study., Authors' Conclusions: Low quality evidence suggests that budesonide may be effective for the treatment of active lymphocytic colitis. This benefit needs to be confirmed by a large placebo -controlled trial. Low quality evidence also suggests that mesalazine with or without cholestyramine and beclometasone dipropionate may be effective for the treatment of lymphocytic colitis, however this needs to be confirmed by large placebo-controlled studies. No conclusions can be made regarding bismuth subsalicylate due to the very small number of patients in the study, Further trials studying interventions for lymphocytic colitis are warranted. more...
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79. Treatment with high dose salicylates improves cardiometabolic parameters: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
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Baye E, Naderpoor N, Misso M, Teede H, Moran LJ, and de Courten B
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- Anti-Inflammatory Agents administration & dosage, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications, Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Risk Factors, Salicylates administration & dosage, Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use, Cardiovascular System drug effects, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 drug therapy, Metabolism drug effects, Salicylates therapeutic use
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Introduction: There is conflicting evidence regarding the efficacy of high dose salicylates in improving cardiometabolic risk in healthy and type 2 diabetes patients. We aimed to determine whether treatment with salicylates at an anti-inflammatory dose (≥1g daily) would improve cardiometabolic risk in healthy individuals and type 2 diabetes patients, compared to placebo., Methods: Medline, Medline-in-process, Embase, and all EBM databases were searched for studies published up to December 2016. Twenty-eight articles from 24 studies comprising 1591 participants were included. Two reviewers independently assessed the risk of bias and extracted data from included studies. Meta-analyses using random-effects model were used to analyze the data., Results: High dose salicylates (≥3g/d) decreased fasting glucose (MD -0.4mmol/l, 95% CI -0.54, -0.27) and glucose area under the curve (MD -0.41mmol/l, 95% CI -0.81, -0.01). Salicylates (≥3g/d) also increased fasting insulin (MD 2.4 μU/ml, 95% CI 0.3, 4.4), 2-h insulin (MD 25.4 μU/ml, 95% CI 8.2, 42.6), insulin secretion (MD 79.2, 95% CI 35, 123) but decreased fasting C-peptide (MD -0.11nmol/l, 95% CI -0.2, -0.04), insulin clearance (MD -0.26l/min, 95% CI -0.36, -0.16) and triglycerides (MD -0.36mmol/l, 95% CI -0.51, -0.21) and increased total adiponectin (MD 1.97μg/ml, 95% CI 0.99, 2.95). A lower salicylate dose (1-2.9g) did not change any cardiometabolic parameters (p>0.1). No significant difference was observed between those receiving salicylates and placebo following withdrawal due to adverse events., Conclusions: High dose salicylates appear to improve cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy individuals and type 2 diabetes patients., Prospero Registration Number: CRD42015029826., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) more...
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80. Chemical Peeling: A Useful Tool in the Office.
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Truchuelo M, Cerdá P, and Fernández LF
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- Acids adverse effects, Acids therapeutic use, Animals, Collagen Type I biosynthesis, Drug Combinations, Elastin biosynthesis, Epidermis drug effects, Epidermis metabolism, Ethanol adverse effects, Ethanol therapeutic use, Facial Dermatoses therapy, Humans, Hyperpigmentation therapy, Keratolytic Agents adverse effects, Keratolytic Agents therapeutic use, Lactic Acid adverse effects, Lactic Acid therapeutic use, Mice, Pigmentation Disorders chemically induced, Precancerous Conditions therapy, Resorcinols adverse effects, Resorcinols therapeutic use, Salicylates adverse effects, Salicylates therapeutic use, Skin Aging, Skin Neoplasms prevention & control, Trichloroacetic Acid adverse effects, Trichloroacetic Acid therapeutic use, Chemexfoliation adverse effects, Chemexfoliation methods
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Chemical peeling is a common treatment in cosmetic dermatology. A peel that has been used for many years is trichloroacetic acid. Its adverse effects have for a long time been a major limitation. We present a practical review of the characteristics, mechanisms of action, indications, and complications of superficial chemical peels and of peeling with trichloroacetic acid., (Copyright © 2016 AEDV. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.) more...
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81. Combined Jessner Solution and Trichloroacetic Acid Versus Trichloroacetic Acid Alone in the Treatment of Melasma in Dark-Skinned Patients.
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Abdel-Meguid AM, Taha EA, and Ismail SA
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- Adult, Age Factors, Chemexfoliation adverse effects, Drug Combinations, Drug Therapy, Combination, Ethanol adverse effects, Female, Humans, Lactic Acid adverse effects, Middle Aged, Resorcinols adverse effects, Salicylates adverse effects, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Trichloroacetic Acid adverse effects, Young Adult, Chemexfoliation methods, Ethanol therapeutic use, Lactic Acid therapeutic use, Melanosis therapy, Resorcinols therapeutic use, Salicylates therapeutic use, Trichloroacetic Acid therapeutic use
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Background: Melasma is a common challenging pigmentary skin disorder especially in dark-skinned females urging them to seek medical help. Many modalities of treatment are available, but none is satisfactory., Objective: To compare safety and efficacy of combined trichloroacetic acid (TCA) (20%-25%) and Jessner's solution versus TCA (20%-25%) alone in dark patients with melasma., Materials and Methods: The study design was a split face, right-left, assessor-blinded, randomized controlled study. Twenty-four adult female patients (skin phototypes IV-V) with bilateral melasma were treated for 6 sessions at 2 weeks intervals. Clinical assessment of the 2 sides of the face with Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) score was performed, and photographs were taken before and after the peeling course., Results: Both therapeutic modalities showed significant decrease in MASI score, which was significantly lower on the side treated with both Jessner solution and TCA. There were significant negative correlations between the percentage of improvement of MASI score and both age of the patients and duration of the melasma., Conclusion: Dark skin melasma can be treated with both regimens safely and effectively; however, combined Jessner solution and TCA is more effective. more...
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82. Choline-magnesium trisalicylate modulates acute myelogenous leukemia gene expression during induction chemotherapy.
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Medina D, David K, Lin Y, Schaar D, Patel V, Gharibo M, Bannerji R, Walton K, Aisner J, Rabson AB, and Strair R
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- Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols adverse effects, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols therapeutic use, Choline pharmacology, Choline therapeutic use, Gene Expression Profiling, Humans, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute diagnosis, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute drug therapy, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute metabolism, NF-kappa B metabolism, Salicylates therapeutic use, Signal Transduction, Treatment Outcome, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Choline analogs & derivatives, Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic drug effects, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute genetics, Salicylates pharmacology
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83. Barry Marshall, MD: H pylori 35 Years Later.
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Abbasi J
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- Anniversaries and Special Events, Antacids therapeutic use, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Asthma prevention & control, Bacterial Vaccines, Bismuth therapeutic use, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Drug Therapy, Combination, Gastritis drug therapy, Helicobacter Infections drug therapy, Helicobacter Infections microbiology, Helicobacter pylori immunology, Humans, Nobel Prize, Organometallic Compounds therapeutic use, Peptic Ulcer drug therapy, Probiotics, Salicylates therapeutic use, Stress, Psychological complications, Gastritis microbiology, Helicobacter pylori isolation & purification, Peptic Ulcer microbiology
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84. Characteristics of premenstrual acne flare-up and benefits of a dermocosmetic treatment: a double-blind randomised trial.
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Saint-Jean M, Khammari A, Seite S, Moyal D, and Dreno B
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- Acne Vulgaris pathology, Adolescent, Adult, Cosmeceuticals adverse effects, Double-Blind Method, Drug Combinations, Ethanolamines adverse effects, Female, Humans, Niacinamide adverse effects, Pyridones adverse effects, Salicylates adverse effects, Symptom Flare Up, Young Adult, Acne Vulgaris drug therapy, Cosmeceuticals therapeutic use, Ethanolamines therapeutic use, Luteal Phase, Niacinamide therapeutic use, Pyridones therapeutic use, Salicylates therapeutic use
- Abstract
To date, facial acne flare-ups in adult women during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle have been poorly investigated. To clinically characterize premenstrual acne flare-up in adult women and investigate the effect of a dermocosmetic treatment. This single-centre study included 32 young adult women with declared premenstrual acne flares and was composed of two phases: (1) an observational phase (two menstrual cycles) and (2) an interventional phase (one menstrual cycle) in a controlled, randomised, double-blind, intra-individual (half-face) setting in which a dermocosmetic (containing lipohydroxyacid, nicotinamide, and piroctone-olamine) and placebo were compared. Initially, during the first part of the study, we observed that premenstrual acne flare-ups in adult women were characterized by a significant increase in the number of papules (20.2 vs. 13.7; p = 0.0008) and to a lesser extent, closed comedones (25.6 vs. 22.7; p = 0.04). Secondly, during the interventional phase, the half-face treated with the dermocosmetic formulation showed a significantly lower number of inflammatory lesions (7.6 vs 9.4; p = 0.01) during the luteal phase compared to the half-face treated with the placebo. Tolerance of the dermocosmetic formulation was rated as good or excellent. Our data indicate a significant increase in the number of papules during premenstrual acne flare-ups in adult women and the use of a dermocosmetic may be of benefit in partially reducing this premenstrual inflammatory flare-up. more...
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85. Salsalate treatment for prediabetes: a therapeutic alternative?
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Kim SH and Reaven G
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- Humans, Insulin Resistance, Lipids blood, Obesity complications, Overweight complications, Prediabetic State drug therapy, Salicylates therapeutic use
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- 2017
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86. H II mesophase as a drug delivery system for topical application of methyl salicylate.
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Liang X, Chen YL, Jiang XJ, Wang SM, Zhang JW, and Gui SY
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- Administration, Cutaneous, Analgesics blood, Analgesics pharmacokinetics, Analgesics therapeutic use, Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents blood, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacokinetics, Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use, Biological Availability, Edema drug therapy, Fatty Alcohols chemistry, Female, Male, Mice, Pain drug therapy, Rats, Wistar, Salicylates blood, Salicylates pharmacokinetics, Salicylates therapeutic use, Skin drug effects, Skin metabolism, Skin Absorption, Skin Irritancy Tests, Analgesics administration & dosage, Anti-Inflammatory Agents administration & dosage, Drug Delivery Systems, Liquid Crystals chemistry, Salicylates administration & dosage
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The main objective of this study was to develop reversed hexagonal (H
II ) mesophase for transdermal delivery of methyl salicylate. The formulation was prepared, characterized and evaluated for its skin penetration in vitro and skin retention in vivo. Preliminary pharmacodynamics and skin irritation were also investigated. The formulation was identified as hexagonal structure. In vitro study exhibited that HII mesophase enhanced the skin permeation by delivering 2.61 times more methyl salicylate than the commercially available cream. Meanwhile, HII mesophase presented higher bioavailability as AUC(0-24) and AUC(0-∞) were 32.894μg·mL-1 and 32.935μg·mL-1 respectively, while the cream were 12.791μg·mL-1 and 12.970μg·mL-1 . Preliminary pharmacodynamics studies demonstrated that HII mesophase possessed anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects for inhibiting paw edema, granuloma and pain. MeSa HII mesophase showed no skin irritation on the normal rat skin. Thus, HII mesophase was considered as an effective delivery system for MeSa., (Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.) more...- Published
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87. Jessner's solution vs. 30% salicylic acid peels: a comparative study of the efficacy and safety in mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris.
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Dayal S, Amrani A, Sahu P, and Jain VK
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- Acne Vulgaris diagnostic imaging, Adolescent, Chemexfoliation adverse effects, Drug Combinations, Ethanol adverse effects, Facial Dermatoses diagnostic imaging, Female, Humans, Keratolytic Agents adverse effects, Lactic Acid adverse effects, Male, Photography, Resorcinols adverse effects, Salicylates adverse effects, Salicylic Acid adverse effects, Severity of Illness Index, Young Adult, Acne Vulgaris therapy, Chemexfoliation methods, Ethanol therapeutic use, Facial Dermatoses therapy, Keratolytic Agents therapeutic use, Lactic Acid therapeutic use, Resorcinols therapeutic use, Salicylates therapeutic use, Salicylic Acid therapeutic use
- Abstract
Introduction: Chemical peeling is a well-identified therapeutic modality for acne vulgaris (AV). Jessner's solution (JS) is a known peeling agent for acne since more than 100 years. Salicylic acid (SA) peel is a well-established peeling agent for acne. There is paucity of literature comparing the current peeling agents of choice, that is, SA with the older peeling agents, that is, JS for acne., Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of 30% SA vs. JS peels in treatment of mild-to-moderate facial acne in Indian patients., Materials and Method: A total of 40 patients with mild-to-moderate AV were enrolled for 12 weeks and were randomly divided into two groups: group 1, 30% SA peels and group 2, JS peels were performed 2 weeks apart with total of six peels in 12-week duration. Clinical improvement was assessed objectively using Michaelsson acne scores (MAS) and clinical photographs. Side effects were observed at each visit., Results: At the end of therapy, improvement in MAS and percentage decrease in MAS were significantly higher in group 1 as compared to group 2. Likewise, decrease in mean comedone counts in group 1 was significantly higher as compared to group 2. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the decrease in mean papule and pustule counts between the two groups. Both the groups tolerated the peels well., Conclusion: Thus, 30% SA peels were more effective than JS peels in treatment of noninflammatory lesions, that is, comedones and in overall improvement of mild-to-moderate facial acne vulgaris., (© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.) more...
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88. Salsalate treatment following traumatic brain injury reduces inflammation and promotes a neuroprotective and neurogenic transcriptional response with concomitant functional recovery.
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Lagraoui M, Sukumar G, Latoche JR, Maynard SK, Dalgard CL, and Schaefer BC
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- Animals, Brain pathology, Brain Injuries, Traumatic pathology, Cell Line, Gene Flow drug effects, Inflammation pathology, Macrophages drug effects, Macrophages pathology, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Microglia drug effects, Microglia pathology, Neuroprotective Agents pharmacology, Oxytocin genetics, Salicylates pharmacology, Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone genetics, Brain drug effects, Brain Injuries, Traumatic drug therapy, Inflammation drug therapy, Neuroprotective Agents therapeutic use, Recovery of Function drug effects, Salicylates therapeutic use
- Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI induces rapid activation of astrocytes and microglia, infiltration of peripheral leukocytes, and secretion of inflammatory cytokines. In the context of modest or severe TBI, such inflammation contributes to tissue destruction and permanent brain damage. However, it is clear that the inflammatory response is also necessary to promote post-injury healing. To date, anti-inflammatory therapies, including the broad class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), have met with little success in treatment of TBI, perhaps because these drugs have inhibited both the tissue-damaging and repair-promoting aspects of the inflammatory response, or because inhibition of inflammation alone is insufficient to yield therapeutic benefit. Salsalate is an unacetylated salicylate with long history of use in limiting inflammation. This drug is known to block activation of NF-κB, and recent data suggest that salsalate has a number of additional biological activities, which may also contribute to its efficacy in treatment of human disease. Here, we show that salsalate potently blocks pro-inflammatory gene expression and nitrite secretion by microglia in vitro. Using the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model in mice, we find that salsalate has a broad anti-inflammatory effect on in vivo TBI-induced gene expression, when administered post-injury. Interestingly, salsalate also elevates expression of genes associated with neuroprotection and neurogenesis, including the neuropeptides, oxytocin and thyrotropin releasing hormone. Histological analysis reveals salsalate-dependent decreases in numbers and activation-associated morphological changes in microglia/macrophages, proximal to the injury site. Flow cytometry data show that salsalate changes the kinetics of CCI-induced accumulation of various populations of CD11b-positive myeloid cells in the injured brain. Behavioral assays demonstrate that salsalate treatment promotes significant recovery of function following CCI. These pre-clinical data suggest that salsalate may show promise as a TBI therapy with a multifactorial mechanism of action to enhance functional recovery., (Published by Elsevier Inc.) more...
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89. Polyfluorinated salicylic acid derivatives as analogs of known drugs: Synthesis, molecular docking and biological evaluation.
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Shchegol'kov EV, Shchur IV, Burgart YV, Saloutin VI, Trefilova AN, Ljushina GA, Solodnikov SY, Markova LN, Maslova VV, Krasnykh OP, Borisevich SS, and Khursan SL
- Subjects
- Analgesics chemistry, Analgesics pharmacokinetics, Analgesics pharmacology, Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal chemistry, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal pharmacokinetics, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal pharmacology, Cyclooxygenase 1 metabolism, Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors chemistry, Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors pharmacokinetics, Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors pharmacology, Female, Halogenation, Male, Molecular Docking Simulation, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats, Wistar, Salicylates chemistry, Salicylates pharmacokinetics, Salicylates pharmacology, Sheep, Analgesics therapeutic use, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal therapeutic use, Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors therapeutic use, Edema drug therapy, Salicylates therapeutic use
- Abstract
We have developed the convenient methods for synthesis of polyfluorosalicylic acids and their derivatives. For the first time the biological properties of polyfluorosalicylates were investigated in vitro (permeability through the biological membranes, COX-1 inhibitory action) and in vivo (anti-inflammatory, analgesic activities, acute toxicity). Molecular docking of polyfluorinated salicylates confirmed in vitro and in vivo experiments., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.) more...
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- 2017
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90. RAS Promotes Proliferation and Resistances to Apoptosis in Meningioma.
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Jiang C, Song T, Li J, Ao F, Gong X, Lu Y, Zhang C, Chen L, Liu Y, He H, and Huang O
- Subjects
- Adult, Animals, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use, Apoptosis drug effects, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Double-Blind Method, Farnesol analogs & derivatives, Farnesol pharmacology, Farnesol therapeutic use, Female, Humans, Male, Meningeal Neoplasms drug therapy, Meningioma drug therapy, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Nude, Middle Aged, Random Allocation, Salicylates pharmacology, Salicylates therapeutic use, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Apoptosis physiology, Cell Proliferation physiology, Meningeal Neoplasms metabolism, Meningioma metabolism, ras Proteins antagonists & inhibitors, ras Proteins biosynthesis
- Abstract
In this study, we investigated the influence of elevated RAS expression on the growth of meningioma in vivo and in vitro. The IOMM-LEE cells, representing a cell line derived from malignant meningioma, were divided into blank control group (cells without any drug treatment), negative control group (cells treated with an equal volume of normal saline to replace drug), and farnesyl thiosalicylic acid (FTS)-treated group (cells treated with FTS). Methyl-thiazole-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometer (with cells after FTS (75 μmol/L) treatment for 48 h) were utilized to determine the proliferation and apoptosis, respectively, of IOMM-LEE cells after RAS inhibition. Western blot analysis was used for semi-quantitative analysis of p-ERK and p-AKT levels. Animal model of human meningioma was established with sub-renal capsule transplantation, and mice were divided into two groups: experimental group (50 mg/kg group, 75 mg/kg group, and 100 mg/kg, hypodermic injection with FTS) and control group. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Western blot analysis was used for detecting ERK and AKT signal pathway. The proliferation of IOMM-LEE cells decreased dramatically and apoptosis rate increased significantly in FTS-treated group compared to blank control group and negative control group (all P < 0.05). At FTS concentration of 75 μmol/L, the apoptosis rate of IOMM-LEE cells reduced significantly over time (P < 0.05). Cell cycle analysis showed that IOMM-LEE cells exhibited G1-arrest in the FTS-treated group, compared to no cell-cycle arrest in blank control group and the negative control group (P < 0.05). Further, significantly decreased ERK and AKT phosphorylation levels were detected in IOMM-Lee cells after FTS (75 μmol/L) treatment for 48 h, compared to blank control group and negative control group (P < 0.05). The results in vivo experiments showed that after FTS treatment, tumor volume, PCNA LI, and the levels of p-ERK and p-Akt decreased significantly in 75 mg/kg group and 100 mg/kg group when compared with the control group and 50 mg/kg group (all P < 0.05). Our findings provide strong evidence that RAS protein is highly expressed in meningioma cells, and the RAS activity is inhibited by downregulating ERK and AKT signal pathway, which may further inhibit the growth of meningioma. more...
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- 2017
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91. Comparison of Helicobacter pylori Eradication Rates of 2-Week Levofloxacin-Containing Triple Therapy, Levofloxacin-Containing Bismuth Quadruple Therapy, and Standard Bismuth Quadruple Therapy as a First-Line Regimen.
- Author
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Kahramanoğlu Aksoy E, Pirinçci Sapmaz F, Göktaş Z, Uzman M, and Nazlıgül Y
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Amoxicillin therapeutic use, Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage, Anti-Bacterial Agents adverse effects, Bismuth administration & dosage, Bismuth adverse effects, Drug Administration Schedule, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Humans, Levofloxacin administration & dosage, Levofloxacin adverse effects, Male, Metronidazole therapeutic use, Middle Aged, Organometallic Compounds administration & dosage, Organometallic Compounds adverse effects, Salicylates administration & dosage, Salicylates adverse effects, Tetracycline therapeutic use, Young Adult, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Bismuth therapeutic use, Helicobacter Infections drug therapy, Levofloxacin therapeutic use, Organometallic Compounds therapeutic use, Salicylates therapeutic use
- Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of 2-week levofloxacin-containing triple therapy, levofloxacin-containing bismuth quadruple therapy, and standard bismuth-containing quadruple therapy as a first-line regimen for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori., Methods: A total of 329 patients with H. pylori infection were randomly divided into 3 groups to receive one of the following regimens: (a) levofloxacin-containing bismuth quadruple therapy, RBAL (rabeprazole 20 mg, b.i.d., bismuth subsalicylate 562 mg, b.i.d., amoxicillin 1 g, b.i.d, levofloxacin 500 mg, once daily), (b) standard bismuth quadruple therapy, RBMT (rabeprazole 20 mg, b.i.d, subsalicylate 562 mg, b.i.d., metronidazole 500 mg, t.i.d, tetracycline 500 mg, q.i.d), or (c) levofloxacin-containing triple therapy, RAL (rabeprazole 20 mg, b.i.d., amoxicillin 1 g, b.i.d, levofloxacin 500 mg, once daily). The primary outcome was the eradication rate in the intention-to-treat (ITT) and per protocol (PP) analysis., Results: The eradication rates of the above 3 groups using ITT analysis were RBAL 83.8%, RBMT 88.3%, and RAL 74.8% compared with 91.2, 92.5, and 79.2%, respectively, using PP analysis. The eradication rate using RBMT was significantly higher than that of RAL (p = 0.029 in ITT analysis and p = 0.017 in PP analysis). Several side effects occurred in 156 patients (54.1%) in the RBAL group, 215 (52.3%) in the RBMT group, and 56 (26.2%) in the RAL group (p > 0.05, RBAL vs. RBMT; p < 0.001, RBMT vs. RAL; p < 0.001, RBAL vs. RAL)., Conclusion: All bismuth-containing quadruple therapies had acceptable eradication rates, but levofloxacin-containing triple therapy was not as good as quadruple therapies. Hence, quadruple therapies should be considered the preferred first-line therapy for H. pylori infections., (© 2017 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.) more...
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92. Common Over-the-Counter Medication Masquerading as a Metallic Foreign Body.
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Riley K, Hariri I, Al-Natour M, Saleh J, Hasan S, Rehman S, and Assaly R
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- Aged, 80 and over, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Male, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Antidiarrheals therapeutic use, Bismuth therapeutic use, Colon diagnostic imaging, Diarrhea drug therapy, Foreign Bodies diagnostic imaging, Organometallic Compounds therapeutic use, Salicylates therapeutic use, Tablets
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- 2017
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93. Therapeutic effect of methyl salicylate 2-O-β-d-lactoside on LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting TAK1/NF-kappaB phosphorylation and NLRP3 expression.
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Yang S, Yu Z, Yuan T, Wang L, Wang X, Yang H, Sun L, Wang Y, and Du G
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- Acute Lung Injury metabolism, Acute Lung Injury pathology, Animals, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid chemistry, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid cytology, Cell Count, Cytokines blood, Cytokines metabolism, Lactose pharmacology, Lactose therapeutic use, Lipopolysaccharides, Lung drug effects, Lung metabolism, Lung pathology, MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases metabolism, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, NF-kappa B metabolism, NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein genetics, NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein metabolism, Peroxidase metabolism, Phosphorylation drug effects, RAW 264.7 Cells, Acute Lung Injury drug therapy, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use, Lactose analogs & derivatives, MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases antagonists & inhibitors, NF-kappa B antagonists & inhibitors, NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein antagonists & inhibitors, Salicylates pharmacology, Salicylates therapeutic use
- Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI), characterized by pulmonary edema and inflammatory cell infiltration, is a common syndrome of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Methyl salicylate 2-O-β-d-lactoside (MSL), a natural derivative of salicylate extracted from Gaultheria yunnanensis (Franch.) Rehder, was reported to have potent anti-inflammatory effects on the progression of collagen or adjuvant-induced arthritis in vivo and in vitro. The aim of this study is to investigate the therapeutic effect of MSL on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury and reveal underlying molecular mechanisms. Our results showed that MSL significantly ameliorated pulmonary edema and histological severities, and inhibited IL-6 and IL-1β production in LPS-induced ALI mice. MSL also reduced MPO activity in lung tissues and the number of inflammatory cells in BALF. Moreover, we found that MSL significantly inhibited LPS-induced TAK1 and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, as well as the expression of NLRP3 protein in lung tissues. Furthermore, MSL significantly inhibited LPS-induced TAK1 and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation in Raw264.7 cells. In addition, MSL significantly inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in cells treated with LPS in vitro. Taken together, our results suggested that MSL exhibited a therapeutic effect on LPS-induced ALI by inhibiting TAK1/NF-κB phosphorylation and NLRP3 expression., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) more...
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- 2016
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94. Tau-based therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease: active and passive immunotherapy.
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Panza F, Solfrizzi V, Seripa D, Imbimbo BP, Lozupone M, Santamato A, Tortelli R, Galizia I, Prete C, Daniele A, Pilotto A, Greco A, and Logroscino G
- Subjects
- Acetylation, Alzheimer Disease immunology, Animals, Clinical Trials as Topic, Cognition, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Microtubules metabolism, Vaccines immunology, tau Proteins immunology, Alzheimer Disease therapy, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal therapeutic use, Antibodies, Monoclonal therapeutic use, Immunization, Passive methods, Immunotherapy, Active methods, Salicylates therapeutic use, tau Proteins metabolism
- Abstract
Pharmacological manipulation of tau protein in Alzheimer's disease included microtubule-stabilizing agents, tau protein kinase inhibitors, tau aggregation inhibitors, active and passive immunotherapies and, more recently, inhibitors of tau acetylation. Animal studies have shown that both active and passive approaches can remove tau pathology and, in some cases, improve cognitive function. Two active vaccines targeting either nonphosphorylated (AAD-vac1) and phosphorylated tau (ACI-35) have entered Phase I testing. Notwithstanding, the recent discontinuation of the monoclonal antibody RG7345 for Alzheimer's disease, two other antitau antibodies, BMS-986168 and C2N-8E12, are also currently in Phase I testing for progressive supranuclear palsy. After the recent impressive results in animal studies obtained by salsalate, the dimer of salicylic acid, inhibitors of tau acetylation are being actively pursued. more...
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- 2016
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95. Antibacterial and antiplaque efficacy of a commercially available octenidine-containing mouthrinse.
- Author
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Welk A, Zahedani M, Beyer C, Kramer A, and Müller G
- Subjects
- Adult, Chlorhexidine therapeutic use, Cross-Over Studies, Dental Plaque microbiology, Double-Blind Method, Drug Combinations, Female, Humans, Imines, Male, Salicylates therapeutic use, Terpenes therapeutic use, Treatment Outcome, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Anti-Infective Agents, Local therapeutic use, Dental Plaque drug therapy, Mouthwashes therapeutic use, Pyridines therapeutic use
- Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this clinical study was to determine the antibacterial and antiplaque efficacy of a recently introduced octenidine-containing mouthrinse (Octenidol®) in comparison with established antiseptic mouthrinses., Materials and Methods: In a 4-day plaque-regrowth study employing a four-replicate cross-over design, a 0.1 % octenidine mouthrinse (Octenidol®/OCT-MR) was compared with a 0.12 % chlorhexidine mouthrinse (Paroex®/CHX-MR), an essential oil mouthrinse (Listerine®/EO-MR), and a placebo mouthrinse/P-MR. Plaque regrowth was assessed with a modified Quigley-Hein plaque index. The antibacterial effect was assessed by taking bacterial counts from the tooth surface and oral mucosa after professional tooth cleaning and after first rinsing with the allocated mouthrinse on days 1 and 5. Sixteen volunteers suspended tooth cleaning and rinsed twice daily with the allocated mouthrinse for 4 days., Results: All tested antiseptic mouthrinses were significantly more effective than the placebo mouthrinse in inhibiting plaque, but no significant differences were observed between OCT-MR and CHX-MR, OCT-MR and EO-MR, and CHX-MR and EO-MR. After 4 days, comparable bacterial count levels were found on both the tooth surface and mucosa applying OCT-MR and CHX-MR, which were significantly lower than that of EO-MR and P-MR., Conclusion: Octenidol® and Paroex® showed comparable antibacterial and antiplaque efficacy in the human oral cavity., Clinical Relevance: The recently introduced octenidine-containing mouthrinse Octenidol® may become a suitable alternative to 0.12 % chlorhexidine-containing mouthrinses such as Paroex®. more...
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- 2016
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96. Effect of Targeting Inflammation With Salsalate: The TINSAL-CVD Randomized Clinical Trial on Progression of Coronary Plaque in Overweight and Obese Patients Using Statins.
- Author
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Hauser TH, Salastekar N, Schaefer EJ, Desai T, Goldfine HL, Fowler KM, Weber GM, Welty F, Clouse M, Shoelson SE, and Goldfine AB
- Subjects
- Aged, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors therapeutic use, Inflammation complications, Male, Middle Aged, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal therapeutic use, Inflammation drug therapy, Obesity, Overweight, Plaque, Atherosclerotic drug therapy, Salicylates therapeutic use
- Abstract
Importance: Inflammation may contribute to pathological associations among obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease., Objective: To determine whether targeting inflammation using salsalate compared with placebo reduces progression of noncalcified coronary artery plaque., Design, Setting, and Participants: In the Targeting Inflammation Using Salsalate in Cardiovascular Disease (TINSAL-CVD) trial participants were randomly assigned between September 23, 2008, and July 5, 2012, to 30 months of salsalate or placebo in addition to standard, guideline-based therapies. Randomization was computerized and centrally allocated, with patients, health care professionals, and researchers masked to treatment assignment. Participants were overweight and obese statin-using patients with established, stable coronary heart disease., Interventions: Salsalate (3.5 g/d) or placebo orally over 30 months., Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was progression of noncalcified coronary artery plaque assessed by multidetector computed tomographic angiography. Secondary outcomes were other measures of safety and efficacy., Results: Two hundred fifty-seven participants were randomized to salsalate (n = 129) or placebo (n = 128). Their mean (SD) age was 60.8 (7.0) years, and 94.0% (236 of 251) were male. One hundred ninety participants (89 in the salsalate group and 101 in the placebo group) completed the study. Compared with baseline, there was no increase in noncalcified plaque volume in the placebo-treated patients and no difference in change between the salsalate and placebo groups (mean difference, -1 mm3; 95% CI, -11 to 9 mm3; P = .87). Salsalate treatment decreased total white blood cell, lymphocyte, monocyte, and neutrophil counts and increased adiponectin levels without change in C-reactive protein levels. Fasting glucose, triglycerides, uric acid, and bilirubin levels were decreased in the salsalate group compared with the placebo group, while hemoglobin levels were increased. Urinary albumin levels increased, with tinnitus and atrial arrhythmias more common, in the salsalate group compared with the placebo group., Conclusions and Relevance: Salsalate when added to current therapies that include a statin does not reduce progression of noncalcified coronary plaque volume assessed by multidetector computed tomographic angiography in statin-using patients with established, stable coronary heart disease. The absence of progression of noncalcified plaque volume in the placebo group may limit interpretation of the trial results., Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00624923. more...
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- 2016
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97. Protocol for the comparison of triflusal and clopidogrel in secondary prevention of stroke based on cytochrome P450 2C19 genotyping (MASETRO study): A multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-group trial.
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Han SW, Kim YJ, Ahn SH, Seo WK, Yu S, Oh SH, Kim YN, and Lee KY
- Subjects
- Brain Ischemia genetics, Brain Ischemia prevention & control, Cerebral Hemorrhage genetics, Cerebral Hemorrhage prevention & control, Chemoprevention, Clopidogrel, Follow-Up Studies, Genotype, Humans, Pharmacogenomic Variants, Recurrence, Secondary Prevention, Single-Blind Method, Ticlopidine therapeutic use, Treatment Outcome, Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 genetics, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors therapeutic use, Salicylates therapeutic use, Stroke genetics, Stroke prevention & control, Ticlopidine analogs & derivatives
- Abstract
Rationale and Aim: The antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel is reportedly influenced by cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) polymorphisms. However, there is no data concerning the relationship between stroke recurrence and CYP2C19 polymorphisms in patients treated with clopidogrel for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke. Triflusal may be an alternative therapy for clopidogrel in patients with poor genotype. The Comparison of Triflusal and Clopidogrel Effects in Secondary Prevention of Stroke Based on Cytochrome P450 2C19 Genotyping (MAESTRO) study will investigate the effect of antiplatelet agents based on CYP2C19 polymorphisms in secondary prevention of ischemic stroke., Sample Size and Design: Assuming that 55% of patients belong to the poor genotype group, the required sample size is 1080 patients with at least 24 months of follow-up. This study is designed as a prospective, multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, open-label, and blind genotype trial. Patients who experience their first non-cardiogenic ischemic stroke within 30 days prior to screening are eligible. Patients received 300 mg triflusal twice a day or 75 mg clopidogrel once daily during the trial. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01174693)., Study Outcome: The primary outcome is recurrent ischemic stroke or hemorrhagic stroke. Secondary outcomes consist of composite major vascular events including stroke, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, or vascular death., Discussion: Personalized medicine may be essential for patients according to individual drug metabolism abilities. MAESTRO is the first prospective study designed to evaluate the effect of CYP2C19 polymorphism in secondary stroke prevention and will resolve several questions regarding preventive antiplatelet agents for recurrent stroke., (© 2016 World Stroke Organization.) more...
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- 2016
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98. Chemical Plaque Control Strategies in the Prevention of Biofilm-associated Oral Diseases.
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Jafer M, Patil S, Hosmani J, Bhandi SH, Chalisserry EP, and Anil S
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- Aloe, Benzhydryl Compounds therapeutic use, Cetylpyridinium therapeutic use, Chlorhexidine therapeutic use, Dextranase therapeutic use, Drug Combinations, Humans, Lippia, Morpholines therapeutic use, Periodontal Diseases etiology, Phenols therapeutic use, Plant Extracts therapeutic use, Povidone-Iodine therapeutic use, Propolis therapeutic use, Salicylates therapeutic use, Terpenes therapeutic use, Biofilms, Dental Plaque prevention & control, Periodontal Diseases prevention & control
- Abstract
Dental plaque is a biofilm that forms naturally on the surfaces of exposed teeth and other areas of the oral cavity. It is the primary etiological factor for the most frequently occurring oral diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal diseases. Specific, nonspecific, and ecologic plaque hypothesis explains the causation of dental and associated diseases. Adequate control of biofilm accumulation on teeth has been the cornerstone of prevention of periodontitis and dental caries. Mechanical plaque control is the mainstay for prevention of oral diseases, but it requires patient cooperation and motivation; therefore, chemical plaque control agents act as useful adjuvants for achieving the desired results. Hence, it is imperative for the clinicians to update their knowledge in chemical antiplaque agents and other developments for the effective management of plaque biofilm-associated diseases. This article explores the critical analysis of various chemical plaque control strategies and the current trends in the control and prevention of dental plaque biofilm. more...
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- 2016
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99. Traveler's Diarrhea.
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Giddings SL, Stevens AM, and Leung DT
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Antibiotic Prophylaxis, Antidiarrheals therapeutic use, Arthritis, Reactive etiology, Bismuth therapeutic use, Dehydration prevention & control, Diarrhea etiology, Female, Fluid Therapy, Foodborne Diseases complications, Guillain-Barre Syndrome etiology, Humans, Immunocompromised Host, Irritable Bowel Syndrome etiology, Organometallic Compounds therapeutic use, Pregnancy, Probiotics therapeutic use, Risk Factors, Salicylates therapeutic use, Vaccines, Waterborne Diseases complications, Diarrhea prevention & control, Travel, Travel Medicine
- Abstract
Traveler's diarrhea (TD) is the most common travel-related illness, and it can have a significant impact on the traveler. Pretravel consultation provides an excellent opportunity for the clinician to counsel the traveler and discuss strategies such as food and water hygiene, vaccinations, and medications for prophylaxis or self-treatment that may decrease the incidence and impact of TD. Postinfectious sequelae, such as postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome, reactive arthritis, and Guillain-Barre syndrome, may develop weeks or months after return., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) more...
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- 2016
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100. Listerine® Products: An Update on the Efficacy and Safety.
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Vlachojannis C, Al-Ahmad A, Hellwig E, and Chrubasik S
- Subjects
- Drug Combinations, Humans, Salicylates chemistry, Terpenes chemistry, Dental Plaque drug therapy, Gingivitis drug therapy, Mouthwashes therapeutic use, Oils, Volatile therapeutic use, Oral Health, Salicylates therapeutic use, Terpenes therapeutic use
- Abstract
Unlabelled: In the 19th century, the mouthwash Listerine® was formulated from four essential oils. Later, the oils were replaced by their marker substances. To keep them in solution, 24-27% ethanol was added as a vehicle. This is an update of our previous review on the efficacy and safety of Listerine®., Method: PubMed was searched for clinical studies on the therapeutic benefits and safety of Listerine® from the end of 2011 to the end of October 2015., Results: Sixteen studies were found and extracted. Three of the four 6-month studies were of sound confirmatory design. Two of these investigated Listerine® and one Listerine Zero®. The evidence of effectiveness for Listerine®, based on the bulk of three confirmatory studies and numerous exploratory studies carried out so far, is strong, but only moderate for Listerine® Zero and poor for Listerine® Cool Blue. In the three safety studies identified, we found methodological flaws that biased the results., Conclusions: Evidence is accumulating that Listerine® is effective in improving oral health, but the absence of systematic toxicological studies means that an accurate safety assessment cannot be made., (Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.) more...
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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