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63. Phenotyping spinal abnormalities in patients with Neurofibromatosis type 1 using whole-body MRI

Author

Well Lennart, Careddu Anna, Stark Maria, Farschtschi Said, Bannas Peter, Adam Gerhard, Mautner Victor-Felix, and Salamon Johannes

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) has been reported to be associated with a variety of spinal abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to quantify the prevalence of spinal abnormalities in a collective of NF1 patients that is representative for the general NF1 population, to associate the co-appearance of spinal abnormalities with both NF1 and clinical symptoms and to investigate if different mutations of the NF1 gene affect the prevalence of these abnormalities. Retrospectively, 275 patients with NF1 and an age- and sex-matched collective of 262 patients were analyzed. The prevalence of spinal abnormalities was recorded. Mutational analysis of the NF1 gene was obtained in 235 NF1 patients. Associations between spinal abnormalities, clinical symptoms and genotype were investigated by binary logistic regression analysis. Prevalence of all spinal abnormalities was higher in NF1 patients than in the control group. Six characteristics of spinal abnormalities were significantly associated with NF1 (all p

Published
2021
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74. Tracking melodic patterns in flamenco singing by analyzing polyphonic music recordings

Author

Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Literatura Española e Hispanoamericana, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Matemática Aplicada II (ETSI), Junta de Andalucía, Pikrakis, A., Gómez, F., Oramas, S., Díaz Bañez, José Miguel, Mora Roche, Joaquín, Escobar Borrego, Francisco Javier, Gómez, E., Salamon, J., Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Literatura Española e Hispanoamericana, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Matemática Aplicada II (ETSI), Junta de Andalucía, Pikrakis, A., Gómez, F., Oramas, S., Díaz Bañez, José Miguel, Mora Roche, Joaquín, Escobar Borrego, Francisco Javier, Gómez, E., and Salamon, J.

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to present an algorithmic pipeline for melodic pattern detection in audio files. Our method follows a two-stage approach: first, vocal pitch sequences are extracted from the audio recordings by means of a predominant fundamental frequency estimation technique; second, instances of the patterns are detected directly in the pitch sequences by means of a dynamic programming algorithm which is robust to pitch estimation errors. In order to test the proposed method, an analysis of characteristic melodic patterns in the context of the flamenco fandango style was performed. To this end, a number of such patterns were defined in symbolic format by flamenco experts and were later detected in music corpora, which were composed of un-segmented audio recordings taken from two fandango styles, namely Valverde fandangos and Huelva capital fandangos. These two styles are representative of the fandango tradition and also differ with respect to their musical characteristics. Finally, the strategy in the evaluation of the algorithm performance was discussed by flamenco experts and their conclusions are presented in this paper.

Published
2012

83. Age-related differences in the activity of arterial mineral deposition and regional bone metabolism: a F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography study.

Author

Derlin, T., Janssen, T., Salamon, J., Veldhoen, S., Busch, J., Schön, G., Herrmann, J., Henes, F., Bannas, P., and Adam, G.

Subjects
ACADEMIC medical centers, AGE distribution, ARTERIOSCLEROSIS, STATISTICAL correlation, OSTEOPOROSIS, REGRESSION analysis, STATISTICS, POSITRON emission tomography, DATA analysis, DATA analysis software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, CALCINOSIS, MANN Whitney U Test
Abstract

Summary: Functional F-fluoride PET demonstrated an inverse relationship between the activity of arterial mineral deposition and regional bone metabolism. While bone metabolism decreases with age, the activity of arterial mineral deposition increases. Introduction: The extent of arterial calcification increases with age, whereas bone mineral density decreases, evidencing a well-known inverse correlation on morphological basis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional relationship between the activity of arterial mineral deposition and regional bone metabolism as assessed by F-sodium fluoride (NaF) PET/CT. Methods: Three hundred four subjects were examined by F-NaF PET/CT. Tracer accumulation in the femoral arteries was analyzed both qualitatively and semiquantitatively by measuring the blood-pool-corrected standardized uptake value (target-to-background ratio). Uptake was compared with cardiovascular risk factors (RFs), calcified plaque burden, and regional bone metabolism as assessed by PET/CT. Results: The activity of arterial mineral deposition significantly increased with age ( p < 0.001), whereas regional bone metabolism significantly decreased ( p < 0.001). There was a significant inverse correlation between bone metabolism and arterial mineral deposition (unadjusted, p < 0.001); that association was not significant ( p = 0.79) when controlled for age and other RFs. Both high activity of arterial mineral deposition and low bone metabolism were significantly associated with cardiovascular events and other RFs. Conclusion: F-NaF PET/CT provides a tool to visualize and quantify the activity of arterial mineral deposition and regional bone metabolism. In this study, we observed an inverse correlation between the activity of arterial mineral deposition and regional bone metabolism. While the activity of arterial mineral deposition significantly increases with age, regional bone metabolism decreases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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92. In vivo and in vitro effects of cytokines and the hemoregulatory peptide dimer (pEEDCK)2 (pyroGlu-Glu-Asp-Cys-Lys)2 on G alpha16-positive hematopoiesis.

Author

Pfeilstöcker, M, Karlic, H, Paukovits, J, Anzenberger, G, Louda, N, Salamon, J, Mühlberger, H, Strobl, H, Pittermann, E, and Heinz, R

Subjects
G proteins, HEMATOPOIESIS
Abstract

G proteins play an important role in signal transduction from cytokine receptors to intracellular effectors via different pathways, eg involving tyrosine kinases. In our previous studies, we demonstrated that mRNA expression of the hematopoiesis-specific G protein alpha-subunit G alpha16 is a sensitive marker indicating the appearance of early myeloid and lymphoid progenitors. This study was designed to investigate cytokine effects on hematopoiesis in vivo and in vitro as reflected by G alpha16 expression and sensitivity to the hemoregulatory peptide (pEEDCK)2 which harbors a structural homology to the effector domain of G alpha16. Investigations on blood samples from lymphoma patients undergoing salvage therapy with different cytokine support showed that monitoring of the expression of G alpha16 mRNA which appears to play a role in cytokine signalling via tyrosine kinases was a valuable complementation to CD34 screening for analyzing hematopoietic recovery after chemotherapy. We demonstrated that in contrast to CD34 which is only expressed in quiescent cells, G alpha16 transcription occurs independently of cell cycle state. In vitro, we could show that G alpha16 was also a valuable marker for confirming the immature state of ex vivo expanded blood stem cells from patients. A further part of the study was focused on the response of G alpha16 and CD34 expressing cells to the granulocyte-derived hemoregulatory peptide (pyroGlu-Glu-Asp-Cys-Lys)2 = (pEEDCK)2 which harbors a G alpha16-homologous sequence motif. Results obtained from in vitro assays which involved estimation of colony outgrowth from CD34-positive cells showed that the effect of (pEEDCK)2 on CD34 cells enhanced the effect of IL-3 or SCF. These data indicate that G alpha16 may co-operate with (pEEDCK)2 in triggering the cytokine response of immature hematopoietic cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1999

95. Essentia: An audio analysis library for music information retrieval

Author

Dmitry Bogdanov, Wack, N., Gómez, E., Gulati, S., Herrera, P., Mayor, O., Roma, G., Salamon, J., Zapata, J., and Serra, X.

Subjects
4. Education, Música -- Informàtica
Abstract

Comunicació presentada a la 14th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference, celebrada a Curitiba (Brasil) els dies 4 a 8 de novembre de 2013. We present Essentia 2.0, an open-source C++ library for audio analysis and audio-based music information retrieval released under the Affero GPL license. It contains an extensive collection of reusable algorithms which implement audio input/output functionality, standard digital signal processing blocks, statistical characterization of data, and a large set of spectral, temporal, tonal and high-level music descriptors. The library is also wrapped in Python and includes a number of predefined executable extractors for the available music descriptors, which facilitates its use for fast prototyping and allows setting up research experiments very rapidly. Furthermore, it includes a Vamp plugin to be used with Sonic Visualiser for visualization purposes. The library is cross-platform and currently supports Linux, Mac OS X, and Windows systems. Essentia is designed with a focus on the robustness of the provided music descriptors and is optimized in terms of the computational cost of the algorithms. The provided functionality, specifically the music descriptors included in-the-box and signal processing algorithms, is easily expandable and allows for both research experiments and development of large-scale industrial applications. The work on Essentia has been partially funded by the PHAROS (EUIP, IST-2006-045035), Buscamedia (CEN-20091026), CANTATA (ITEA 05010, FIT-350300-2006-33), SIGMUS (TIN2012-36650), CompMusic (ERC 267583), and TECNIO (TECCIT12-1-0003) projects.

96. A multipitch approach to tonic identification in Indian classical music

Author

Salamon, J., Gulati, S., and Xavier Serra

Subjects
Índia -- Música, Música -- Anàlisi
Abstract

The tonic is a fundamental concept in Indian classical music/nsince it constitutes the base pitch from which a lead/nperformer constructs the melodies, and accompanying instruments/nuse it for tuning. This makes tonic identification/nan essential first step for most automatic analyses of Indian/nclassical music, such as intonation and melodic analysis,/nand raga recognition. In this paper we address the task/nof automatic tonic identification. Unlike approaches that/nidentify the tonic from a single predominant pitch track,/nhere we propose a method based on a multipitch analysis of/nthe audio. We use a multipitch representation to construct/na pitch histogram of the audio excerpt, out of which the/ntonic is identified. Rather than manually define a template,/nwe employ a classification approach to automatically learn/na set of rules for selecting the tonic. The proposed method/nreturns not only the pitch class of the tonic but also the precise/noctave in which it is played. We evaluate the approach/non a large collection of Carnatic and Hindustani music, obtaining/nan identification accuracy of 93%. We also discuss/nthe types of errors made by our proposed method, as well/nas the challenges in generating ground truth annotations. This research/nwas funded by the Programa de Formación del Profesorado/nUniversitario (FPU) of the Ministerio de Educación de España and the European Research Council under/nthe European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme/n(FP7/2007-2013) / ERC grant agreement 267583 (Comp-/nMusic).

97. Concordant changes of pyrimidine metabolism in blasts of two cases of acute myeloid leukemia after repeated treatment with ara-C in vivo

Author

Chiba P, Tihan T, Szekeres T, Salamon J, Martin Kraupp, Eher R, Köller U, and Knapp W

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, Cytarabine, Drug Resistance, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, Pyrimidines, Deoxycytidine Kinase, Deoxycytosine Nucleotides, Arabinofuranosylcytosine Triphosphate, Humans, Thymine Nucleotides, Female, DCMP Deaminase
Abstract

Though data from cell lines are abundant, the reason for the development of resistance to 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) in vivo remains unresolved. A broad interpatient variation of metabolic parameters has further complicated interpretation of the results. The present study compares ara-C metabolism in leukemic blasts of two patients with newly diagnosed disease, before and after repeated treatment with ara-C containing chemotherapy regimens in vivo. Membrane transport of ara-C was unchanged after treatment. In addition, cell-free extracts of blasts obtained after treatment failure showed an unchanged cytidine deaminase activity. Though deoxycytidine kinase activity in cell extracts was unaltered or increased after treatment failure, the activity in situ, measured as the rate of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine triphosphate (ara-CTP) formation, was decreased. This could be shown to be due to an expansion of the deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) pool. The severalfold increase in dCTP pool was accompanied by a decrease in thymidine triphosphate (dTTP) pool and correlated with a decrease in deoxycytidylate deaminase (dCMP-deaminase) activity in cell free extracts. Low dCMP-deaminase activity had been shown to confer an ara-C resistant phenotype to cell lines in vitro. Data presented in this paper show that a selection for leukemic blasts with low dCMP-deaminase activity can also be favored by ara-C containing treatment regimens in vivo. Our data suggest that this mechanism might contribute to treatment failure.

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