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Introduction One of the most common injuries in children is clavicle fractures. They account for up to 14 % of all pediatric bone injuries. Aim Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of surgical and conservative methods of treating closed clavicle fractures in children. Materials and methods Between 2011 and 2018, 1,800 children with clavicle fractures referred to the traumatology and orthopedic department at the Children's Clinical Hospital No. 9 in Yekaterinburg. Most of them were treated conservatively, and 94 (5.2 %) children were hospitalized for surgical treatment. Depending on age and type of displacement, children received different conservative treatments, such as Deso dressing in children under two years old, figure-eight-bandage in children over two years of age. Surgical treatment was open reduction of fragments and fixation with either a Kirschner wire or a titanium elastic nail (TEN); titanium plates were used in several cases. For a comparative assessment of the results of the treatment methods for clavicle fractures, two groups of patients were formed. Results Shortening of consolidated clavicle was not observed in children of the main group treated surgically. In several cases, the elongation of the clavicle was revealed by no more than 1 cm. Patients in the comparison group showed shortening of the broken clavicle in three cases, no more than 1.3 cm. Conclusion After surgical treatment, the length of the shoulder girdle was fully restored; insignificant shortening after conservative treatment did not cause functional disorders.

Purpose of the study. To develop a method for analyzing the seasonal and cyclic components of R-R intervals by estimating the autocorrelation function (ACF). Material and methods. The study consists of conducting a practical analysis of ACF as an application to R-R intervals, divided into three groups: all patients are patients with atrial fibrillation. The first group had tachycardia; the second had bradycardia; the third group - are patients without specific features. It should be noted that the age of the patients, according to which the analysis was carried out, is from 40 years and older. Results. The module developed at VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) enables to apply the methods of primary processing of the studied data, to create the ACF with its graphic representation for rather large values of the lag variable τ=1,100. Samples of 1000 values were examined. The most optimal data cleaning methods have been selected to get rid of excessive noise. A detailed analysis of ACF was carried out in the three groups of patients. Impressive research statistics have been compiled. Conclusions. In people with signs of tachycardia, all ACF ratios were not significant. In cases with severe tachycardia, ACF coefficients were positive, and had a decreasing trend. In the series with signs of bradycardia, almost all ACF coefficients were significant. ACF decreased with increasing lag τ. It can be concluded that in this group of time series there is a marked constant linear trend. In the group of patients with normal heart rate dynamics, insignificant ACF coefficients were obtained, which indicates the absence of any tendency. The coefficients were concentrated along the axis of the lag, had both positive and negative values. The oscillating process indicates only a strong stochastic component of the studied data.

Peculiarity of various methodology aspects for estimate radiation risk in dependence of using area are discussed in this article; perspective of the estimate perfection is discussed too. It is consideration such area of using as medico-biology, epidemiology, radiation protection, medical exposure. The opinion expressed that it is difficult to insert subjectively-psychological perception of risk in the methodology. It is generalized systematically author’s methodological judgement, which been published before. The article contain discussion moment, which is inevitable in given theme.

The paper sets the task of calculating the parameters of deformation of the heart muscle according to echocardiogram data under interference conditions, for example, in the study of children. Indicators of deformation (strain value) of the heart muscle were used by us to determine the presence and severity of dysfunction of the chambers of the heart in atrial septal defect – a congenital heart defect characterized by the presence of communication between the right and left atria. The problem was solved by analyzing the video stream obtained from the installation of echocardiography using a set of deep learning neural network architectures designed for image segmentation. The study was conducted for the U-net architecture. As a result of processing the video stream, it was possible to solve the problem of segmentation of the walls of the heart muscle and binding of key points in the condition of interference in the removal of an echocardiogram on child patients unable to remain motionless during the study. The obtained indicators provide the cardiologist with important information for determining the dysfunction of the chambers of the heart (especially the right atrium, the most compromised chamber of the heart in the studied cases) with a defect of the atrial septum.

The article examines the influence of the regional economy on the state of the environment of the Bryansk region, examines the development of the economic potential of the region, and examines the results of the influence of industrial production directions on the state of environmental safety of the state of atmospheric air, water resources and soil cover. Research on the state of environmental safety was carried out using economic and statistical methods; a conclusion was made on the state of natural resources in the Bryansk region

Aim. To analyze the preoperative status, intraoperative tumor characteristics and further clinical manifestations in patients after surgery for a cardiac tumor.Material and methods. The study included 54 patients who were operated on for a heart tumor from 2014 to 2020. We assessed clinical performance, diagnostic investigations before and after (during hospitalization) surgery, tumor size and histological characteristics.Results. Among patients operated on for cardiac tumors, women predominated (74%). Among comorbidities, hypertension (79,3%), chronic kidney disease (48,3%), and obesity (25,9%) were most common. There were following clinical manifestations before surgery: shortness of breath — 47 (81%) patients, palpitations and heart rhythm disturbance — 26 (44,8%), chest pain — 25 (43,1%), chest discomfort — 28 (49,1%), edema — 6 patients (10,3%). The predominant tumor localization was the left atrial fossa ovalis area (50%). According to histological analysis, myxoma prevailed — 38 cases (86,4%). After surgery, atrial fibrillation prevalence decreased from 8 patients before surgery to 6 after surgery (p=0,034), while left atrial size decreased by 0,6 mm (95% confidence interval, 4,39-6,2 mm) (p

This article discusses the basic principles and content of supervision over the activities of banks and the measurement of capital and standards.

The aim of this work was to identify and to study physical and chemical properties of the enzyme preparation which was obtained from the cultural liquid of Pleurotus ostreatus. The protease containing fraction was obtained from the cultural liquid by sodium chloride precipitation followed by dialysis and concentration procedures. Gelatinase and milk-clotting activity were defined by standard methods. The content of the protein component of the fraction was analysed by HPLC, Laemmli electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF analysis. Protease activity was proved by enzyme-electrophoresis. To identify the protease, mass-spectrometry was carried out using the MatrixScience database. To study the specificity of protease action, the series of chromogenic substrates were used: S2238, S236, S2251, S2765, Leu-pNa, Ala-pNa and S2302. The inhibitory analysis was carried out using EDTA, benzamidine, PMSF, PCMB. The obtained fraction possessed maximal protease activity at 45 °C. Meanwhile maximal milk-clotting activity was observed at 35 °C. The highest milk-clotting activity was shown at pH 5.0 and less than 3.0. The highest protease activity was shown at pH 6.0. Using HPLC method, it was found the main protein component and some minor proteins. According to the electrophoresis results, the main protein component of the fraction had molecular mass 45 kDa. Enzyme electrophoresis demonstrated that protease activity of the fraction was present in the zone corresponding to 45 kDa. When identifying trypsinolysis products, no homology was found with other known proteinases. It was shown that the protease hydrolyzed peptide bonds which were formed by carboxyl group of amino acids with hydrophobic side chains. The enzyme was inhibited by EDTA (ІС50 = 2.5 mМ). The maximal enzyme activity towards gelatin and Leu-pNa was shown in the presence of 5 mM calcium chloride. The new calcium-dependent metalloprotease with molecular weight 45 kDa was found in the cultural liquid of Pleurotus ostreatus. The enzyme had no homology with other known proteases and hydrolyzes peptide bonds formed by carboxyl groups of amino acids with hydrophobic side chains.

Here we provide a scientific justification and experimental support for the choice of easily renewable cellulosic feedstock Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Hack. in order to obtain high-quality nutrient broths therefrom for bacterial cellulose biosynthesis. The plant life-forms promising for breeding were screened under introduction conditions at the Central Siberian Botanical Garden, SB RAS, and this study was thus aimed at investigating the full and reduced ontogenetic patterns; cellulose and noncellulosic contents, including lignin; and duraminization of vegetative (feedstock source) organs throughout the seasonal development. The full ontogenetic patterns of the plants grown from seeds that had been collected in native habitats were compared to show that M. sacchariflorus and M. sinensis Anderss. accessions are distinguished by longer being at the most vulnerable developmental stages: seedlings and plantlets. Hence, it is preferable to cultivate seedlings on protected ground, and plantations are advisable to establish with more stable cloned vegetative material. The chemical compositions of the whole plant, leaf and stem separately, from seven M. sacchariflorus harvests were examined to reveal a rise in cellulose content and a drop in noncellulosic content with plantation age. The Miscanthus stem was found to contain more cellulose than the leaf, regardless of the plant age. The overall cellulose content was 48−53 %, providing a rationale for studies of bacterial cellulose biosynthesis in a M. sacchariflorusderived nutrient medium. Since high lignin content is undesirable for technological processes concerned with biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose, we performed histochemical assays of transverse sections of the culms to monitor the seasonal course of lignification. Our results suggest that the specific time limits for harvesting the aboveground biomass as a feedstock be validated by histochemical data on the seasonal course of lignification of M. sacchariflorus sprouts. To sum up, the examined chemical composition of M. sacchariflorus grown in the Siberian climate conditions demonstrated its prospects as a source of glucose substrate, the basic component of good-quality nutrient media for biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose.

In this article it made analysis of concepts and values used in NRB-99/2009 and a number of national methodological documents on the assessment of risks associated with irradiation. It is concluded that NRB-99/2009 violates the logic in the presentation of this issue. It can be restored if a special section is introduced in the developed NSB-2019, with more detailed coverage of the terminological and methodological aspects of the assessment of such risks. The draft section is attached to this article In the draft introduces a number of new terms (radiogenic risk, nominal radiogenic risk, radiogenic risk of death from cancer and radiogenic risk of cancer and a number of others) with a clear interpretation of their meaning and purpose, as well as the sphere application of the relevant values. The draft proposes to replace the term generalized risk with radiation risk, which is more in line with its meaning. Given also specific formulas to calculate the radiogenic risk coefficients for different types of irradiation based on the real demographics data for exposed populations. Because of the cumbersome formulas, they can be given to the Annex of the NRB-2019 or issued in methodical instructions prepared in the elaboration of the provisions of the NRB-2019.

Lignocellulosic biomass is of great interest as an alternative energy resource because it offers a range of merits. Miscanthus × giganteus is a lignocellulosic feedstock of special interest, as it combines a high biomass productivity with a low environmental impact, including CO2 emission control. The chemical composition of lignocellulose determines the application potential for efficient industrial processing. Here, we compiled a sample collection of Miscanthus × giganteus that had been cultivated in different climate regions between 2019 and 2021. The chemical composition was quantified by the conventional wet methods. The findings were compared with each other and with the known data. Starting as soon as the first vegetation year, Miscanthus was shown to feature the following chemical composition: 43.2–55.5% cellulose content, 17.1–25.1% acid-insoluble lignin content, 17.9–22.9% pentosan content, 0.90–2.95% ash content, and 0.3–1.2% extractives. The habitat and the surrounding environment were discovered herein to affect the chemical composition of Miscanthus. The stem part of Miscanthus was found to be richer in cellulose than the leaf (48.4–54.9% vs. 47.2–48.9%, respectively), regardless of the planation age and habitat. The obtained findings broaden the investigative geography of the chemical composition of Miscanthus and corroborate the high value of Miscanthus for industrial conversion thereof into cellulosic products worldwide.