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51. Superluminous supernovae from the Dark Energy Survey

Author

Angus, CR, Smith, M, Sullivan, M, Inserra, C, Wiseman, P, D’Andrea, CB, Thomas, BP, Nichol, RC, Galbany, L, Childress, M, Asorey, J, Brown, PJ, Casas, R, Castander, FJ, Curtin, C, Frohmaier, C, Glazebrook, K, Gruen, D, Gutierrez, C, Kessler, R, Kim, AG, Lidman, C, Macaulay, E, Nugent, P, Pursiainen, M, Sako, M, Soares-Santos, M, Thomas, RC, Abbott, TMC, Avila, S, Bertin, E, Brooks, D, Buckley-Geer, E, Burke, DL, Carnero Rosell, A, Carretero, J, da Costa, LN, de Vicente, J, Desai, S, Diehl, HT, Doel, P, Eifler, TF, Flaugher, B, Fosalba, P, Frieman, J, García-Bellido, J, Gruendl, RA, Gschwend, J, Hartley, WG, Hollowood, DL, Honscheid, K, Hoyle, B, James, DJ, Kuehn, K, Kuropatkin, N, Lahav, O, Lima, M, Maia, MAG, March, M, Marshall, JL, Menanteau, F, Miller, CJ, Miquel, R, Ogando, RLC, Plazas, AA, Romer, AK, Sanchez, E, Schindler, R, Schubnell, M, Sobreira, F, Suchyta, E, Swanson, MEC, Tarle, G, Thomas, D, and Tucker, DL

Subjects
supernovae: general, astro-ph.HE, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical and Space Sciences
Abstract

We present a sample of 21 hydrogen-free superluminous supernovae (SLSNe-I) and one hydrogen-rich SLSN (SLSN-II) detected during the five-year Dark Energy Survey (DES). These SNe, located in the redshift range 0.220 < z < 1.998, represent the largest homogeneously selected sample of SLSN events at high redshift. We present the observed g, r, i, z light curves for these SNe, which we interpolate using Gaussian processes. The resulting light curves are analysed to determine the luminosity function of SLSNe-I, and their evolutionary timescales. The DES SLSN-I sample significantly broadens the distribution of SLSN-I light-curve properties when combined with existing samples from the literature. We fit a magnetar model to our SLSNe, and find that this model alone is unable to replicate the behaviour of many of the bolometric light curves. We search the DES SLSN-I light curves for the presence of initial peaks prior to the main light-curve peak. Using a shock breakout model, our Monte Carlo search finds that 3 of our 14 events with pre-max data display such initial peaks. However, 10 events show no evidence for such peaks, in some cases down to an absolute magnitude of

Published
2021

52. A Spitzer survey of Deep Drilling Fields to be targeted by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time

Author

Lacy, M, Surace, JA, Farrah, D, Nyland, K, Afonso, J, Brandt, WN, Clements, DL, Lagos, CDP, Maraston, C, Pforr, J, Sajina, A, Sako, M, Vaccari, M, Wilson, G, Ballantyne, DR, Barkhouse, WA, Brunner, R, Cane, R, Clarke, TE, Cooper, M, Cooray, A, Covone, G, D’Andrea, C, Evrard, AE, Ferguson, HC, Frieman, J, Gonzalez-Perez, V, Gupta, R, Hatziminaoglou, E, Huang, J, Jagannathan, P, Jarvis, MJ, Jones, KM, Kimball, A, Lidman, C, Lubin, L, Marchetti, L, Martini, P, McMahon, RG, Mei, S, Messias, H, Murphy, EJ, Newman, JA, Nichol, R, Norris, RP, Oliver, S, Perez-Fournon, I, Peters, WM, Pierre, M, Polisensky, E, Richards, GT, Ridgway, SE, Röttgering, HJA, Seymour, N, Shirley, R, Somerville, R, Strauss, MA, Suntzeff, N, Thorman, PA, van Kampen, E, Verma, A, Wechsler, R, and Wood-Vasey, WM

Subjects
catalogues, surveys, infrared:galaxies, infrared: general, astro-ph.GA, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics
Abstract

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will observe several Deep Drilling Fields (DDFs) to a greater depth and with a more rapid cadence than the main survey. In this paper, we describe the 'DeepDrill' survey, which used the Spitzer Space Telescope Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) to observe three of the four currently defined DDFs in two bands, centred on 3.6 and 4.5 μm. These observations expand the area that was covered by an earlier set of observations in these three fields by the Spitzer Extragalactic Representative Volume Survey (SERVS). The combined DeepDrill and SERVS data cover the footprints of the LSST DDFs in the Extended Chandra Deep Field-South (ECDFS) field, the ELAIS-S1 field (ES1), and the XMM-Large-Scale Structure Survey field (XMM-LSS). The observations reach an approximate 5σ point-source depth of 2 μJy (corresponding to an AB magnitude of 23.1; sufficient to detect a 1011 M⊙ galaxy out to z ≈ 5) in each of the two bands over a total area of ≈ 29 deg2. The dual-band catalogues contain a total of 2.35 million sources. In this paper, we describe the observations and data products from the survey, and an overview of the properties of galaxies in the survey. We compare the source counts to predictions from the Shark semi-analytic model of galaxy formation. We also identify a population of sources with extremely red ([3.6]-[4.5] >1.2) colours which we show mostly consists of highly obscured active galactic nuclei.

Published
2020

53. First Cosmology Results using Supernovae Ia from the Dark Energy Survey: Survey Overview, Performance, and Supernova Spectroscopy

Author

Smith, M, D’Andrea, CB, Sullivan, M, Möller, A, Nichol, RC, Thomas, RC, Kim, AG, Sako, M, Castander, FJ, Filippenko, AV, Foley, RJ, Galbany, L, González-Gaitán, S, Kasai, E, Kirshner, RP, Lidman, C, Scolnic, D, Brout, D, Davis, TM, Gupta, RR, Hinton, SR, Kessler, R, Lasker, J, Macaulay, E, Wolf, RC, Zhang, B, Asorey, J, Avelino, A, Bassett, BA, Calcino, J, Carollo, D, Casas, R, Challis, P, Childress, M, Clocchiatti, A, Crawford, S, Frohmaier, C, Glazebrook, K, Goldstein, DA, Graham, ML, Hoormann, JK, Kuehn, K, Lewis, GF, Mandel, KS, Morganson, E, Muthukrishna, D, Nugent, P, Pan, Y-C, Pursiainen, M, Sharp, R, Sommer, NE, Swann, E, Thomas, BP, Tucker, BE, Uddin, SA, Wiseman, P, Zheng, W, Abbott, TMC, Annis, J, Avila, S, Bechtol, K, Bernstein, GM, Bertin, E, Brooks, D, Burke, DL, Rosell, A Carnero, Kind, M Carrasco, Carretero, J, Cunha, CE, da Costa, LN, Davis, C, De Vicente, J, Diehl, HT, Eifler, TF, Estrada, J, Frieman, J, García-Bellido, J, Gaztanaga, E, Gerdes, DW, Gruen, D, Gruendl, RA, Gschwend, J, Gutierrez, G, Hartley, WG, Hollowood, DL, Honscheid, K, Hoyle, B, James, DJ, Johnson, MWG, Johnson, MD, Kuropatkin, N, Li, TS, Lima, M, Maia, MAG, March, M, Marshall, JL, Martini, P, Menanteau, F, Miller, CJ, and Miquel, R

Subjects
Astronomical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Affordable and Clean Energy, Type Ia supernovae, Supernovae, Cosmology, Cosmological parameters, Observational cosmology, Sky surveys, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract

We present details on the observing strategy, data-processing techniques, and spectroscopic targeting algorithms for the first three years of operation for the Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program (DES-SN). This five-year program using the Dark Energy Camera mounted on the 4 m Blanco telescope in Chile was designed to discover and follow supernovae (SNe) Ia over a wide redshift range (0.05 < z < 1.2) to measure the equation-of-state parameter of dark energy. We describe the SN program in full: Strategy, observations, data reduction, spectroscopic follow-up observations, and classification. From three seasons of data, we have discovered 12,015 likely SNe, 308 of which have been spectroscopically confirmed, including 251 SNe Ia over a redshift range of 0.017 < z < 0.85. We determine the effective spectroscopic selection function for our sample and use it to investigate the redshiftdependent bias on the distance moduli of SNe Ia we have classified. The data presented here are used for the first cosmology analysis by DES-SN ("DES-SN3YR"), the results of which are given in Dark Energy Survey Collaboration et al. The 489 spectra that are used to define the DES-SN3YR sample are publicly available at https://des.ncsa.illinois.edu/releases/sn.

Published
2020

54. Structure of 13Be probed via quasi-free scattering

Author

Corsi, A., Kubota, Y., Casal, J., Gomez-Ramos, M., Moro, A. M., Authelet, G., Baba, H., Caesar, C., Calvet, D., Delbart, A., Dozono, M., Feng, J., Flavigny, F., Gheller, J. -M., Gibelin, J., Giganon, A., Gillibert, A., Hasegawa, K., Isobe, T., Kanaya, Y., Kawakami, S., Kim, D., Kiyokawa, Y., Kobayashi, M., Kobayashi, N., Kobayashi, T., Kondo, Y., Korkulu, Z., Koyama, S., Lapoux, V., Maeda, Y., Marques, F. M., Motobayashi, T., Miyazaki, T., Nakamura, T., Nakatsuka, N., Nishio, Y., Obertelli, A., Ohkura, A., Orr, N. A., Ota, S., Otsu, H., Ozaki, T., Panin, V., Paschalis, S., Pollacco, E. C., Reichert, S., Rousse, J. -Y., Saito, A. T., Sakaguchi, S., Sako, M., Santamaria, C., Sasano, M., Sato, H., Shikata, M., Shimizu, Y., Shindo, Y., Stuhl, L., Sumikama, T., Sun, Y. L., Tabata, M., Togano, Y., Tsubota, J., Uesaka, T., Yang, Z. H., Yasuda, J., Yoneda, K., and Zenihiro, J.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We present an investigation of the structure of 13Be obtained via a kinematically complete measurement of the (p; pn) reaction in inverse kinematics at 265 MeV/nucleon. The relative energy spectrum of 13Be is compared to Transfer-to-the-Continuum calculations which use as structure inputs the overlaps of the 14Be ground-state wave function, computed in a three-body model, with the unbound states of the 13Be residual nucleus. The key role of neutron p-wave orbital in the interpretation of the low-relative-energy part of the spectrum is discussed.

Published
2019
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55. A DECam Search for Explosive Optical Transients Associated with IceCube Neutrinos

Author

Morgan, R., Bechtol, K., Kessler, R., Sako, M., Herner, K., Doctor, Z., Scolnic, D., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Franckowiak, A., Neilson, K. N., Kowalski, M., Palmese, A., Swann, E., Thomas, B. P., Vivas, A. K., Drlica-Wagner, A., Garcia, A., Brout, D., Paz-Chinchón, F., Neilsen, E., Diehl, H. T., Soares-Santos, M., Abbott, T. M. C., Avila, S., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Cawthon, R., Costanzi, M., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Doel, P., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuropatkin, N., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Menanteau, F., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Plazas, A. A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Smith, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Vikram, V., Walker, A. R., and Weller, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

In this work, we investigate the likelihood of association between realtime, TeV-PeV energy neutrino alerts from IceCube and optical counterparts in the form of core-collapse supernovae (CC SNe). The optical follow-up of IceCube alerts requires two main instrumental capabilities: (1) deep imaging, since 73\% of neutrinos would come from CC SNe at redshifts $z > 0.3$, and (2) a large field of view (FoV), since typical IceCube muon neutrino pointing accuracy is on the order of $\sim1$~deg. With Blanco/DECam ($gri$ to 24th magnitude and $2.2$~deg diameter FoV), we performed a triggered optical follow-up observation of two IceCube alerts, IC170922A and IC171106A on $\sim6$~nights during the $\sim3$~weeks following each alert. For the IC170922A (IC171106A) follow-up observations, we expect that 12.1\% (9.5\%) of coincident CC SNe at $z \lesssim 0.3$ are detectable, and that on average, 0.23 (0.07) unassociated SNe in the neutrino 90\% containment regions also pass our selection criteria. We find two candidate CC SNe that are temporally coincident with the neutrino alerts in the FoV, but none in the 90\% containment regions, which is statistically consistent with expected rates of background CC SNe for these observations. If CC SNe are the dominant source of TeV-PeV neutrinos, we would expect an excess of coincident CC SNe to be detectable at the $3\sigma$ confidence level using DECam observations similar to those of this work for $\sim60$ ($\sim200$) neutrino alerts with (without) redshift information for all candidates., Comment: Published in ApJ

Published
2019
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56. WFIRST: The Essential Cosmology Space Observatory for the Coming Decade

Author

Doré, O., Hirata, C., Wang, Y., Weinberg, D., Eifler, T., Foley, R. J., Heinrich, C. He, Krause, E., Perlmutter, S., Pisani, A., Scolnic, D., Spergel, D. N., Suntzeff, N., Aldering, G., Baltay, C., Capak, P., Choi, A., Deustua, S., Dvorkin, C., Fall, S. M., Fang, X., Fruchter, A., Galbany, L., Ho, S., Hounsell, R., Izard, A., Jain, B., Koekemoer, A. M., Kruk, J., Leauthaud, A., Malhotra, S., Mandelbaum, R., Massara, E., Masters, D., Miyatake, H., Plazas, A., Rhoads, J., Rhodes, J., Rose, B., Rubin, D., Sako, M., Samushia, L., Shirasaki, M., Simet, M., Takada, M., Troxel, M. A., Wu, H., Yoshida, N., and Zhai, Z.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Two decades after its discovery, cosmic acceleration remains the most profound mystery in cosmology and arguably in all of physics. Either the Universe is dominated by a form of dark energy with exotic physical properties not predicted by standard model physics, or General Relativity is not an adequate description of gravity over cosmic distances. WFIRST emerged as a top priority of Astro2010 in part because of its ability to address the mystery of cosmic acceleration through both high precision measurements of the cosmic expansion history and the growth of cosmic structures with multiple and redundant probes. We illustrate in this white paper how mission design changes since Astro2010 have made WFIRST an even more powerful dark energy facility and have improved the ability of WFIRST to respond to changes in the experimental landscape. WFIRST is the space-based probe of DE the community needs in the mid-2020s., Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, Astro2020 Science White Paper

Published
2019

57. Photoionization Emission Models for the Cyg X-3 X-ray Spectrum

Author

Kallman, T., McCollough, M., Corrales, L., Koljonen, K., Liedahl, D., Miller, J., Paerels, F., Pooley, G., Sako, M., Schulz, N., and Trushkin, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present model fits to the X-ray line spectrum of the well known High Mass X-ray binary Cyg X-3. The primary observational dataset is a spectrum taken with the $Chandra$ X-ray Observatory High Energy Transmission Grating (HETG) in 2006, though we compare it to all the other observations of this source taken so far by this instrument. We show that the density must be $\geq 10^{12}$ cm$^{-3}$ in the region responsible for most of the emission. We discuss the influence of the dust scattering halo on the broad band spectrum and we argue that dust scattering and extinction is not the most likely origin for the narrow featureseen near the Si K edge. We identify the features of a wind in the profiles of the strong resonance lines and we show that the wind is more apparent in the lines from the lighter elements. We argue that this wind is most likely associated with the companion star. We show that the intensities of most lines can be fitted, crudely, by a single component photoionized model. However, the iron K lines do not fit with this model. We show that the iron K line variability as a function of orbital phase is different from the lower energy lines, which indicates that the lines arise in physically distinct regions. We discuss the interpretation of these results in the context of what is known about the system and similar sys, Comment: ApJ Submitted

Published
2019
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58. First measurement of the Hubble constant from a dark standard siren using the Dark Energy Survey galaxies and the LIGO/Virgo binary-black-hole merger GW170814

Author

The DES Collaboration, the LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, Soares-Santos, M., Palmese, A., Hartley, W., Annis, J., Garcia-Bellido, J., Lahav, O., Doctor, Z., Fishbach, M., Holz, D. E., Lin, H., Pereira, M. E. S., Garcia, A., Herner, K., Kessler, R., Peiris, H. V., Sako, M., Allam, S., Brout, D., Rosell, A. Carnero, Chen, H. Y., Conselice, C., deRose, J., deVicente, J., Diehl, H. T., Gill, M. S. S., Gschwend, J., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Tucker, D. L., Wechsler, R., Berger, E., Cowperthwaite, P. S., Metzger, B. D., Williams, P. K. G., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Avila, S., Bechtol, K., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Crocce, M., Cunha, C. E., D'Andrea, C. B., da Costa, L. N., Davis, C., Desai, S., Doel, P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Eifler, T. F., Evrard, A. E., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Hollowood, D. L., Hoyle, B., James, D. J., Jeltema, T., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Li, T. S., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Neilsen, E., Ogando, R. L. C., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Smith, M., Smith, R. C., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, R. C., Walker, A. R., Wester, W., Zuntz, J., Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Abraham, S., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Allen, G., Allocca, A., Aloy, M. A., Altin, P. A., Amato, A., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Angelova, S. V., Appert, S., Arai, K., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Arene, M., Ascenzi, S., Ashton, G., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aubin, F., Aufmuth, P., AultONeal, K., Austin, C., Avendano, V., Avila-Alvarez, A., Babak, S., Bacon, P., Badaracco, F., Bader, M. K. M., Bae, S., Baker, P. T., Baldaccini, F., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Barayoga, J. C., Barclay, S. E., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barkett, K., Barnum, S., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartlett, J., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bawaj, M., Bayley, J. C., Bazzan, M., Becsy, B., Bejger, M., Bell, A. S., Beniwal, D., Bergmann, G., Bernuzzi, S., Bero, J. J., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Bhandare, R., Bidler, J., Bilenko, I. A., Bilgili, S. A., Billingsley, G., Birch, J., Birney, R., Birnholtz, O., Biscans, S., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Blackburn, J. K., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Blair, R. M., Bloemen, S., Bode, N., Boer, M., Boetzel, Y., Bogaert, G., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonnand, R., Booker, P., Boom, B. A., Booth, C. D., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bossie, K., Bossilkov, V., Bosveld, J., Bouffanais, Y., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Bramley, A., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Briant, T., Briggs, J. H., Brighenti, F., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brockill, P., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. D., Brunett, S., Buikema, A., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Cabero, M., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderon, Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Campbell, W. A., Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Cao, J., Capocasa, E., Carbognani, F., Caride, S., Carney, M. F., Carullo, G., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Caudill, S., Cavaglia, M., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cerda-Duran, P., Cerretani, G., Cesarini, E., Chaibi, O., Chakravarti, K., Chamberlin, S. J., Chan, M., Chao, S., Charlton, P., Chase, E. A., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, D., Chaturvedi, M., Chatziioannou, K., Cheeseboro, B. D., Chen, X., Chen, Y., Cheng, H. -P., Cheong, C. K., Chia, H. Y., Chincarini, A., Chiummo, A., Cho, G., Cho, H. S., Cho, M., Christensen, N., Chu, Q., Chua, S., Chung, K. W., Chung, S., Ciani, G., Ciobanu, A. A., Ciolfi, R., Cipriano, F., Cirone, A., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Clearwater, P., Cleva, F., Cocchieri, C., Coccia, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Colgan, R., Colleoni, M., Collette, C. G., Collins, C., Cominsky, L. R., Constancio Jr., M., Conti, L., Cooper, S. J., Corban, P., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrion, I., Corley, K. R., Cornish, N., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Cotesta, R., Coughlin, M. W., Coughlin, S. B., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Couvares, P., Covas, P. B., Cowan, E. E., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Cripe, J., Croquette, M., Crowder, S. G., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cunningham, L., Cuoco, E., Canton, T. Dal, Dalya, G., Danilishin, S. L., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Dasgupta, A., Costa, C. F. Da Silva, Datrier, L. E. H., Dattilo, V., Dave, I., Davis, D., Daw, E. J., DeBra, D., Deenadayalan, M., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Deleglise, S., Del Pozzo, W., DeMarchi, L. M., Demos, N., Dent, T., De Pietri, R., Derby, J., De Rosa, R., De Rossi, C., DeSalvo, R., de Varona, O., Dhurandhar, S., Diaz, M. C., Dietrich, T., Di Fiore, L., Di Giovanni, M., Di Girolamo, T., Di Lieto, A., Ding, B., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Renzo, F., Dmitriev, A., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Doravari, S., Dorrington, I., Downes, T. P., Drago, M., Driggers, J. C., Du, Z., Dupej, P., Dwyer, S. E., Easter, P. J., Edo, T. B., Edwards, M. C., Effler, A., Ehrens, P., Eichholz, J., Eikenberry, S. S., Eisenmann, M., Eisenstein, R. A., Estelles, H., Estevez, D., Etienne, Z. B., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evans, T. M., Fafone, V., Fair, H., Fairhurst, S., Fan, X., Farinon, S., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Fauchon-Jones, E. J., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fazio, M., Fee, C., Feicht, J., Fejer, M. M., Feng, F., Fernandez-Galiana, A., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, E. C., Ferreira, T. A., Ferrini, F., Fidecaro, F., Fiori, I., Fiorucci, D., Fisher, R. P., Fishner, J. M., Fitz-Axen, M., Flaminio, R., Fletcher, M., Flynn, E., Fong, H., Font, J. A., Forsyth, P. W. F., Fournier, J. -D., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Frei, Z., Freise, A., Frey, R., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gabbard, H. A., Gadre, B. U., Gaebel, S. M., Gair, J. R., Gammaitoni, L., Ganija, M. R., Gaonkar, S. G., Garcia-Quiros, C., Garufi, F., Gateley, B., Gaudio, S., Gaur, G., Gayathri, V., Gemme, G., Genin, E., Gennai, A., George, D., George, J., Gergely, L., Germain, V., Ghonge, S., Ghosh, Abhirup, Ghosh, Archisman, Ghosh, S., Giacomazzo, B., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Giazotto, A., Gill, K., Giordano, G., Glover, L., Godwin, P., Goetz, E., Goetz, R., Goncharov, B., Gonzalez, G., Castro, J. M. Gonzalez, Gopakumar, A., Gorodetsky, M. L., Gossan, S. E., Gosselin, M., Gouaty, R., Grado, A., Graef, C., Granata, M., Grant, A., Gras, S., Grassia, P., Gray, C., Gray, R., Greco, G., Green, A. C., Green, R., Gretarsson, E. M., Groot, P., Grote, H., Grunewald, S., Guidi, G. M., Gulati, H. K., Guo, Y., Gupta, A., Gupta, M. K., Gustafson, E. K., Gustafson, R., Haegel, L., Halim, O., Hall, B. R., Hall, E. D., Hamilton, E. Z., Hammond, G., Haney, M., Hanke, M. M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hannuksela, O. A., Hanson, J., Hardwick, T., Haris, K., Harms, J., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Haster, C. -J., Haughian, K., Hayes, F. J., Healy, J., Heidmann, A., Heintze, M. C., Heitmann, H., Hemming, G., Hendry, M., Heng, I. S., Hennig, J., Heptonstall, A. W., Vivanco, Francisco Hernandez, Heurs, M., Hild, S., Hinderer, T., Hoak, D., Hochheim, S., Hofman, D., Holgado, A. M., Holland, N. A., Holt, K., Hopkins, P., Horst, C., Hough, J., Howell, E. J., Hoy, C. G., Hreibi, A., Huerta, E. A., Hughey, B., Hulko, M., Husa, S., Huttner, S. H., Huynh-Dinh, T., Idzkowski, B., Iess, A., Ingram, C., Inta, R., Intini, G., Irwin, B., Isa, H. N., Isac, J. -M., Isi, M., Iyer, B. R., Izumi, K., Jacqmin, T., Jadhav, S. J., Jani, K., Janthalur, N. N., Jaranowski, P., Jenkins, A. C., Jiang, J., Johnson, D. S., Jones, A. W., Jones, D. I., Jones, R., Jonker, R. J. G., Ju, L., Junker, J., Kalaghatgi, C. V., Kalogera, V., Kamai, B., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J. B., Kapadia, S. J., Karki, S., Karvinen, K. S., Kashyap, R., Kasprzack, M., Katsanevas, S., Katsavounidis, E., Katzman, W., Kaufer, S., Kawabe, K., Keerthana, N. V., Kefelian, F., Keitel, D., Kennedy, R., Key, J. S., Khalili, F. Y., Khan, H., Khan, I., Khan, S., Khan, Z., Khazanov, E. A., Khursheed, M., Kijbunchoo, N., Kim, Chunglee, Kim, J. C., Kim, K., Kim, W., Kim, W. S., Kim, Y. -M., Kimball, C., King, E. J., King, P. J., Kinley-Hanlon, M., Kirchhoff, R., Kissel, J. S., Kleybolte, L., Klika, J. H., Klimenko, S., Knowles, T. D., Koch, P., Koehlenbeck, S. M., Koekoek, G., Koley, S., Kondrashov, V., Kontos, A., Koper, N., Korobko, M., Korth, W. Z., Kowalska, I., Kozak, D. B., Kringel, V., Krishnendu, N., Krolak, A., Kuehn, G., Kumar, A., Kumar, P., Kumar, R., Kumar, S., Kuo, L., Kutynia, A., Kwang, S., Lackey, B. D., Lai, K. H., Lam, T. L., Landry, M., Lane, B. B., Lang, R. N., Lange, J., Lantz, B., Lanza, R. K., Lasky, P. D., Laxen, M., Lazzarini, A., Lazzaro, C., Leaci, P., Leavey, S., Lecoeuche, Y. K., Lee, C. H., Lee, H. K., Lee, H. M., Lee, H. W., Lee, J., Lee, K., Lehmann, J., Lenon, A., Letendre, N., Levin, Y., Li, J., Li, K. J. L., Li, T. G. F., Li, X., Lin, F., Linde, F., Linker, S. D., Littenberg, T. B., Liu, J., Liu, X., Lo, R. K. L., Lockerbie, N. A., London, L. T., Longo, A., Lorenzini, M., Loriette, V., Lormand, M., Losurdo, G., Lough, J. D., Lousto, C. O., Lovelace, G., Lower, M. E., Luck, H., Lumaca, D., Lundgren, A. P., Lynch, R., Ma, Y., Macas, R., Macfoy, S., MacInnis, M., Macleod, D. M., Macquet, A., Hernandez, I. Magana, Magana-Sandoval, F., Zertuche, L. Magana, Magee, R. M., Majorana, E., Maksimovic, I., Malik, A., Man, N., Mandic, V., Mangano, V., Mansell, G. L., Manske, M., Mantovani, M., Marchesoni, F., Marion, F., Marka, S., Marka, Z., Markakis, C., Markosyan, A. S., Markowitz, A., Maros, E., Marquina, A., Marsat, S., Martelli, F., Martin, I. W., Martin, R. M., Martynov, D. V., Mason, K., Massera, E., Masserot, A., Massinger, T. J., Masso-Reid, M., Mastrogiovanni, S., Matas, A., Matichard, F., Matone, L., Mavalvala, N., Mazumder, N., McCann, J. J., McCarthy, R., McClelland, D. E., McCormick, S., McCuller, L., McGuire, S. C., McIver, J., McManus, D. J., McRae, T., McWilliams, S. T., Meacher, D., Meadors, G. D., Mehmet, M., Mehta, A. K., Meidam, J., Melatos, A., Mendell, G., Mercer, R. A., Mereni, L., Merilh, E. L., Merzougui, M., Meshkov, S., Messenger, C., Messick, C., Metzdorff, R., Meyers, P. M., Miao, H., Michel, C., Middleton, H., Mikhailov, E. E., Milano, L., Miller, A. L., Miller, A., Millhouse, M., Mills, J. C., Milovich-Goff, M. C., Minazzoli, O., Minenkov, Y., Mishkin, A., Mishra, C., Mistry, T., Mitra, S., Mitrofanov, V. P., Mitselmakher, G., Mittleman, R., Mo, G., Moffa, D., Mogushi, K., Mohapatra, S. R. P., Montani, M., Moore, C. J., Moraru, D., Moreno, G., Morisaki, S., Mours, B., Mow-Lowry, C. M., Mukherjee, Arunava, Mukherjee, D., Mukherjee, S., Mukund, N., Mullavey, A., Munch, J., Muniz, E. A., Muratore, M., Murray, P. G., Nardecchia, I., Naticchioni, L., Nayak, R. K., Neilson, J., Nelemans, G., Nelson, T. J. N., Nery, M., Neunzert, A., Ng, K. Y., Ng, S., Nguyen, P., Nichols, D., Nissanke, S., Nocera, F., North, C., Nuttall, L. K., Obergaulinger, M., Oberling, J., O'Brien, B. D., O'Dea, G. D., Ogin, G. H., Oh, J. J., Oh, S. H., Ohme, F., Ohta, H., Okada, M. A., Oliver, M., Oppermann, P., Oram, Richard J., O'Reilly, B., Ormiston, R. G., Ortega, L. F., O'Shaughnessy, R., Ossokine, S., Ottaway, D. J., Overmier, H., Owen, B. J., Pace, A. E., Pagano, G., Page, M. A., Pai, A., Pai, S. A., Palamos, J. R., Palashov, O., Palomba, C., Pal-Singh, A., Pan, Huang-Wei, Pang, B., Pang, P. T. H., Pankow, C., Pannarale, F., Pant, B. C., Paoletti, F., Paoli, A., Parida, A., Parker, W., Pascucci, D., Pasqualetti, A., Passaquieti, R., Passuello, D., Patil, M., Patricelli, B., Pearlstone, B. L., Pedersen, C., Pedraza, M., Pedurand, R., Pele, A., Penn, S., Perez, C. J., Perreca, A., Pfeiffer, H. P., Phelps, M., Phukon, K. S., Piccinni, O. J., Pichot, M., Piergiovanni, F., Pillant, G., Pinard, L., Pirello, M., Pitkin, M., Poggiani, R., Pong, D. Y. T., Ponrathnam, S., Popolizio, P., Porter, E. K., Powell, J., Prajapati, A. K., Prasad, J., Prasai, K., Prasanna, R., Pratten, G., Prestegard, T., Privitera, S., Prodi, G. A., Prokhorov, L. G., Puncken, O., Punturo, M., Puppo, P., Purrer, M., Qi, H., Quetschke, V., Quinonez, P. J., Quintero, E. A., Quitzow-James, R., Radkins, H., Radulescu, N., Raffai, P., Raja, S., Rajan, C., Rajbhandari, B., Rakhmanov, M., Ramirez, K. E., Ramos-Buades, A., Rana, Javed, Rao, K., Rapagnani, P., Raymond, V., Razzano, M., Read, J., Regimbau, T., Rei, L., Reid, S., Reitze, D. H., Ren, W., Ricci, F., Richardson, C. J., Richardson, J. W., Ricker, P. M., Riles, K., Rizzo, M., Robertson, N. A., Robie, R., Rocchi, A., Rolland, L., Rollins, J. G., Roma, V. J., Romanelli, M., Romano, R., Romel, C. L., Romie, J. H., Rose, K., Rosinska, D., Rosofsky, S. G., Ross, M. P., Rowan, S., Rudiger, A., Ruggi, P., Rutins, G., Ryan, K., Sachdev, S., Sadecki, T., Sakellariadou, M., Salconi, L., Saleem, M., Samajdar, A., Sammut, L., Sanchez, E. J., Sanchez, L. E., Sanchis-Gual, N., Sandberg, V., Sanders, J. R., Santiago, K. A., Sarin, N., Sassolas, B., Saulson, P. R., Sauter, O., Savage, R. L., Schale, P., Scheel, M., Scheuer, J., Schmidt, P., Schnabel, R., Schofield, R. M. S., Schonbeck, A., Schreiber, E., Schulte, B. W., Schutz, B. F., Schwalbe, S. G., Scott, J., Scott, S. M., Seidel, E., Sellers, D., Sengupta, A. S., Sennett, N., Sentenac, D., Sequino, V., Sergeev, A., Shaddock, D. A., Shaffer, T., Shahriar, M. S., Shaner, M. B., Shao, L., Sharma, P., Shawhan, P., Shen, H., Shink, R., Shoemaker, D. H., Shoemaker, D. M., ShyamSundar, S., Siellez, K., Sieniawska, M., Sigg, D., Silva, A. D., Singer, L. P., Singh, N., Singhal, A., Sintes, A. M., Sitmukhambetov, S., Skliris, V., Slagmolen, B. J. J., Slaven-Blair, T. J., Smith, J. R., Smith, R. J. E., Somala, S., Son, E. J., Sorazu, B., Sorrentino, F., Souradeep, T., Sowell, E., Spencer, A. P., Srivastava, A. K., Srivastava, V., Staats, K., Stachie, C., Standke, M., Steer, D. A., Steinke, M., Steinlechner, J., Steinlechner, S., Steinmeyer, D., Stevenson, S. P., Stocks, D., Stone, R., Stops, D. J., Strain, K. A., Stratta, G., Strigin, S. E., Strunk, A., Sturani, R., Stuver, A. L., Sudhir, V., Summerscales, T. Z., Sun, L., Sunil, S., Sur, A., Suresh, J., Sutton, P. J., Swinkels, B. L., Szczepanczyk, M. J., Tacca, M., Tait, S. C., Talbot, C., Talukder, D., Tanner, D. B., Tapai, M., Taracchini, A., Tasson, J. D., Taylor, R., Thies, F., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thondapu, S. R., Thorne, K. A., Thrane, E., Tiwari, Shubhanshu, Tiwari, Srishti, Tiwari, V., Toland, K., Tonelli, M., Tornasi, Z., Torres-Forne, A., Torrie, C. I., Toyra, D., Travasso, F., Traylor, G., Tringali, M. C., Trovato, A., Trozzo, L., Trudeau, R., Tsang, K. W., Tse, M., Tso, R., Tsukada, L., Tsuna, D., Tuyenbayev, D., Ueno, K., Ugolini, D., Unnikrishnan, C. S., Urban, A. L., Usman, S. A., Vahlbruch, H., Vajente, G., Valdes, G., van Bakel, N., van Beuzekom, M., Brand, J. F. J. van den, Broeck, C. Van Den, Vander-Hyde, D. C., van Heijningen, J. V., van der Schaaf, L., van Veggel, A. A., Vardaro, M., Varma, V., Vass, S., Vasuth, M., Vecchio, A., Vedovato, G., Veitch, J., Veitch, P. J., Venkateswara, K., Venugopalan, G., Verkindt, D., Vetrano, F., Vicere, A., Viets, A. D., Vine, D. J., Vinet, J. -Y., Vitale, S., Vo, T., Vocca, H., Vorvick, C., Vyatchanin, S. P., Wade, A. R., Wade, L. E., Wade, M., Walet, R., Walker, M., Wallace, L., Walsh, S., Wang, G., Wang, H., Wang, J. Z., Wang, W. H., Wang, Y. F., Ward, R. L., Warden, Z. A., Warner, J., Was, M., Watchi, J., Weaver, B., Wei, L. -W., Weinert, M., Weinstein, A. J., Weiss, R., Wellmann, F., Wen, L., Wessel, E. K., Wessels, P., Westhouse, J. W., Wette, K., Whelan, J. T., Whiting, B. F., Whittle, C., Wilken, D. M., Williams, D., Williamson, A. R., Willis, J. L., Willke, B., Wimmer, M. H., Winkler, W., Wipf, C. C., Wittel, H., Woan, G., Woehler, J., Wofford, J. K., Worden, J., Wright, J. L., Wu, D. S., Wysocki, D. M., Xiao, L., Yamamoto, H., Yancey, C. C., Yang, L., Yap, M. J., Yazback, M., Yeeles, D. W., Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Yuen, S. H. R., Yvert, M., Zadrozny, A. K., Zanolin, M., Zelenova, T., Zendri, J. -P., Zevin, M., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, T., Zhao, C., Zhou, M., Zhou, Z., Zhu, X. J., Zimmerman, A., Zucker, M. E., and Zweizig, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present a multi-messenger measurement of the Hubble constant H_0 using the binary-black-hole merger GW170814 as a standard siren, combined with a photometric redshift catalog from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). The luminosity distance is obtained from the gravitational wave signal detected by the LIGO/Virgo Collaboration (LVC) on 2017 August 14, and the redshift information is provided by the DES Year 3 data. Black-hole mergers such as GW170814 are expected to lack bright electromagnetic emission to uniquely identify their host galaxies and build an object-by-object Hubble diagram. However, they are suitable for a statistical measurement, provided that a galaxy catalog of adequate depth and redshift completion is available. Here we present the first Hubble parameter measurement using a black-hole merger. Our analysis results in $H_0 = 75.2^{+39.5}_{-32.4}~{\rm km~s^{-1}~Mpc^{-1}}$, which is consistent with both SN Ia and CMB measurements of the Hubble constant. The quoted 68% credible region comprises 60% of the uniform prior range [20,140] ${\rm km~s^{-1}~Mpc^{-1}}$, and it depends on the assumed prior range. If we take a broader prior of [10,220] ${\rm km~s^{-1}~Mpc^{-1}}$, we find $H_0 = 78^{+ 96}_{-24}~{\rm km~s^{-1}~Mpc^{-1}}$ ($57\%$ of the prior range). Although a weak constraint on the Hubble constant from a single event is expected using the dark siren method, a multifold increase in the LVC event rate is anticipated in the coming years and combinations of many sirens will lead to improved constraints on $H_0$., Comment: 18 pages, 2 Figures, submitted to ApJL

Published
2019
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59. DES16C3cje: A low-luminosity, long-lived supernova

Author

Gutiérrez, CP, Sullivan, M, Martinez, L, Bersten, MC, Inserra, C, Smith, M, Anderson, JP, Pan, Y-C, Pastorello, A, Galbany, L, Nugent, P, Angus, CR, Barbarino, C, Carollo, D, Chen, T-W, Davis, TM, Della Valle, M, Foley, RJ, Fraser, M, Frohmaier, C, González-Gaitán, S, Gromadzki, M, Kankare, E, Kokotanekova, R, Kollmeier, J, Lewis, GF, Magee, MR, Maguire, K, Möller, A, Morrell, N, Nicholl, M, Pursiainen, M, Sollerman, J, Sommer, NE, Swann, E, Tucker, BE, Wiseman, P, Aguena, M, Allam, S, Avila, S, Bertin, E, Brooks, D, Buckley-Geer, E, Burke, DL, Rosell, A Carnero, Kind, M Carrasco, Carretero, J, Costanzi, M, da Costa, LN, De Vicente, J, Desai, S, Diehl, HT, Doel, P, Eifler, TF, Flaugher, B, Fosalba, P, Frieman, J, García-Bellido, J, Gerdes, DW, Gruen, D, Gruendl, RA, Gschwend, J, Gutierrez, G, Hinton, SR, Hollowood, DL, Honscheid, K, James, DJ, Kuehn, K, Kuropatkin, N, Lahav, O, Lima, M, Maia, MAG, March, M, Menanteau, F, Miquel, R, Morganson, E, Palmese, A, Paz-Chinchón, F, Plazas, AA, Sako, M, Sanchez, E, Scarpine, V, Schubnell, M, Serrano, S, Sevilla-Noarbe, I, Soares-Santos, M, Suchyta, E, Swanson, MEC, Tarle, G, Thomas, D, Varga, TN, Walker, AR, and Wilkinson, R

Subjects
Astronomical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Affordable and Clean Energy, supernovae: general, supernovae: individual:, hep-ph, astro-ph.HE, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics, Space sciences
Abstract

We present DES16C3cje, a low-luminosity, long-lived type II supernova (SN II) at redshift 0.0618, detected by the Dark Energy Survey (DES). DES16C3cje is a unique SN. The spectra are characterized by extremely narrow photospheric lines corresponding to very low expansion velocities of1500 km s-1, and the light curve shows an initial peak that fades after 50 d before slowly rebrightening over a further 100 d to reach an absolute brightness of Mr ∼-15.5 mag. The decline rate of the late-time light curve is then slower than that expected from the powering by radioactive decay of 56Co, but is comparable to that expected from accretion power. Comparing the bolometric light curve with hydrodynamical models, we find that DES16C3cje can be explained by either (i) a low explosion energy (0.11 foe) and relatively large 56Ni production of 0.075 M· from an ∼15 M· red supergiant progenitor typical of other SNe II, or (ii) a relatively compact ∼40 M· star, explosion energy of 1 foe, and 0.08 M· of 56Ni. Both scenarios require additional energy input to explain the late-time light curve, which is consistent with fallback accretion at a rate of ∼0.5 × 10-8 M· s-1.

Published
2020

60. First cosmology results using type Ia supernovae from the Dark Energy Survey: the effect of host galaxy properties on supernova luminosity

Author

Smith, M, Sullivan, M, Wiseman, P, Kessler, R, Scolnic, D, Brout, D, D’Andrea, CB, Davis, TM, Foley, RJ, Frohmaier, C, Galbany, L, Gupta, RR, Gutiérrez, CP, Hinton, SR, Kelsey, L, Lidman, C, Macaulay, E, Möller, A, Nichol, RC, Nugent, P, Palmese, A, Pursiainen, M, Sako, M, Swann, E, Thomas, RC, Tucker, BE, Vincenzi, M, Carollo, D, Lewis, GF, Sommer, NE, Abbott, TMC, Aguena, M, Allam, S, Avila, S, Bertin, E, Bhargava, S, Brooks, D, Buckley-Geer, E, Burke, DL, Rosell, A Carnero, Kind, M Carrasco, Costanzi, M, da Costa, LN, De Vicente, J, Desai, S, Diehl, HT, Doel, P, Eifler, TF, Everett, S, Flaugher, B, Fosalba, P, Frieman, J, García-Bellido, J, Gaztanaga, E, Glazebrook, K, Gruen, D, Gruendl, RA, Gschwend, J, Gutierrez, G, Hartley, WG, Hollowood, DL, Honscheid, K, James, DJ, Krause, E, Kuehn, K, Kuropatkin, N, Lima, M, MacCrann, N, Maia, MAG, Marshall, JL, Martini, P, Melchior, P, Menanteau, F, Miquel, R, Paz-Chinchón, F, Plazas, AA, Romer, AK, Roodman, A, Rykoff, ES, Sanchez, E, Scarpine, V, Schubnell, M, Serrano, S, Sevilla-Noarbe, I, Suchyta, E, Swanson, MEC, Tarle, G, Thomas, D, Tucker, DL, Varga, TN, and Walker, AR

Subjects
Astronomical Sciences, Physical Sciences, surveys, supernovae: general, distance scale, cosmology: observations, transients: supernovae, astro-ph.CO, astro-ph.GA, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics, Space sciences
Abstract

We present improved photometric measurements for the host galaxies of 206 spectroscopically confirmed type Ia supernovae discovered by the Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program (DES-SN) and used in the first DES-SN cosmological analysis. For the DES-SN sample, when considering a 5D (z, x1, c, α, β) bias correction, we find evidence of a Hubble residual 'mass step', where SNe Ia in high-mass galaxies (>1010M☉) are intrinsically more luminous (after correction) than their low-mass counterparts by γ = 0.040 ± 0.019 mag. This value is larger by 0.031 mag than the value found in the first DES-SN cosmological analysis. This difference is due to a combination of updated photometric measurements and improved star formation histories and is not from host-galaxy misidentification. When using a 1D (redshift-only) bias correction the inferred mass step is larger, with γ = 0.066 ± 0.020 mag. The 1D−5D γ difference for DES-SN is 0.026 ± 0.009 mag. We show that this difference is due to a strong correlation between host galaxy stellar mass and the x1 component of the 5D distance-bias correction. Including an intrinsic correlation between the observed properties of SNe Ia, stretch and colour, and stellar mass in simulated SN Ia samples, we show that a 5D fit recovers γ with −9 mmag bias compared to a +2 mmag bias for a 1D fit. This difference can explain part of the discrepancy seen in the data. Improvements in modelling correlations between galaxy properties and SN is necessary to ensure unbiased precision estimates of the dark energy equation of state as we enter the era of LSST.

Published
2020

61. Superluminous Supernovae from the Dark Energy Survey

Author

Angus, C. R., Smith, M., Sullivan, M., Inserra, C., Wiseman, P., D'Andrea, C. B., Thomas, B. P., Nichol, R. C., Galbany, L., Childress, M., Asorey, J., Brown, P. J., Casas, R., Castander, F. J., Curtin, C., Frohmaier, C., Glazebrook, K., Gruen, D., Gutierrez, C., Kessler, R., Kim, A. G., Lidman, C., Macaulay, E., Nugent, P., Pursiainen, M., Sako, M., Soares-Santos, M., Thomas, R. C., Abbott, T. M. C., Avila, S., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Carretero, J., da Costa, L. N., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Hartley, W. G., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., Hoyle, B., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., March, M., Marshall, J. L., Menanteau, F., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Ogando, R. L. C., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Sanchez, E., Schindler, R., Schubnell, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., and Tucker, D. L.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present a sample of 21 hydrogen-free superluminous supernovae (SLSNe-I), and one hydrogen-rich SLSN (SLSN-II) detected during the five-year Dark Energy Survey (DES). These SNe, located in the redshift range 0.220

Published
2018
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62. A Search for Optical Emission from Binary-Black-Hole Merger GW170814 with the Dark Energy Camera

Author

Doctor, Z., Kessler, R., Herner, K., Palmese, A., Soares-Santos, M., Annis, J., Brout, D., Holz, D. E., Sako, M., Rest, A., Cowperthwaite, P., Berger, E., Foley, R. J., Conselice, C. J., Gill, M. S. S., Allam, S., Balbinot, E., Butler, R. E., Chen, H. -Y., Chornock, R., Cook, E., Diehl, H. T., Farr, B., Fong, W., Frieman, J., Fryer, C., García-Bellido, J., Margutti, R., Marshall, J. L., Matheson, T., Metzger, B. D., Nicholl, M., Paz-Chinchón, F., Salim, S., Sauseda, M., Secco, L. F., Smith, N., Smith, R. C., Vivas, A. K., Tucker, D. L., Abbott, T. M. C., Avila, S., Bechtol, K., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., D'Andrea, C. B., da Costa, L. N., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Doel, P., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Goldstein, D. A., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Hartley, W. G., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., Hoyle, B., James, D. J., Jeltema, T., Kent, S., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., March, M., Menanteau, F., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Neilsen, E., Nord, B., Ogando, R. L. C., Plazas, A. A., Roodman, A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Walker, A. R., and Wester, W.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Binary black hole (BBH) mergers found by the LIGO and Virgo detectors are of immense scientific interest to the astrophysics community, but are considered unlikely to be sources of electromagnetic emission. To test whether they have rapidly fading optical counterparts, we used the Dark Energy Camera to perform an $i$-band search for the BBH merger GW170814, the first gravitational wave detected by three interferometers. The 87-deg$^2$ localization region (at 90\% confidence) centered in the Dark Energy Survey (DES) footprint enabled us to image 86\% of the probable sky area to a depth of $i\sim 23$ mag and provide the most comprehensive dataset to search for EM emission from BBH mergers. To identify candidates, we perform difference imaging with our search images and with templates from pre-existing DES images. The analysis strategy and selection requirements were designed to remove supernovae and to identify transients that decline in the first two epochs. We find two candidates, each of which is spatially coincident with a star or a high-redshift galaxy in the DES catalogs, and they are thus unlikely to be associated with GW170814. Our search finds no candidates associated with GW170814, disfavoring rapidly declining optical emission from BBH mergers brighter than $i\sim 23$ mag ($L_{\rm optical} \sim 5\times10^{41}$ erg/s) 1-2 days after coalescence. In terms of GW sky map coverage, this is the most complete search for optical counterparts to BBH mergers to date, Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures

Published
2018
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63. First Cosmology Results Using Type Ia Supernovae From the Dark Energy Survey: Survey Overview and Supernova Spectroscopy

Author

D'Andrea, C. B., Smith, M., Sullivan, M., Nichol, R. C., Thomas, R. C., Kim, A. G., Möller, A., Sako, M., Castander, F. J., Filippenko, A. V., Foley, R. J., Galbany, L., González-Gaitán, S., Kasai, E., Kirshner, R. P., Lidman, C., Scolnic, D., Brout, D., Davis, T. M., Gupta, R. R., Hinton, S. R., Kessler, R., Lasker, J., Macaulay, E., Wolf, R. C., Zhang, B., Asorey, J., Avelino, A., Bassett, B. A., Calcino, J., Carollo, D., Casas, R., Challis, P., Childress, M., Clocchiatti, A., Crawford, S., Glazebrook, K., Goldstein, D. A., Graham, M. L., Hoormann, J. K., Kuehn, K., Lewis, G. F., Mandel, K. S., Morganson, E., Muthukrishna, D., Nugent, P., Pan, Y. -C., Pursiainen, M., Sharp, R., Sommer, N. E., Swann, E., Tucker, B. E., Uddin, S. A., Wiseman, P., Zheng, W., Abbott, T. M. C., Annis, J., Avila, S., Bechtol, K., Bernstein, G. M., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Cunha, C. E., da Costa, L. N., Davis, C., De Vicente, J., Diehl, H. T., Eifler, T. F., Estrada, J., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hartley, W. G., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., Hoyle, B., James, D. J., Johnson, M. W. G., Johnson, M. D., Kuropatkin, N., Li, T. S., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Martini, P., Menanteau, F., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Neilsen, E., Ogando, R. L. C., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., Tucker, D. L., and Wester, W.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present spectroscopy from the first three seasons of the Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program (DES-SN). We describe the supernova spectroscopic program in full: strategy, observations, data reduction, and classification. We have spectroscopically confirmed 307 supernovae, including 251 type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) over a redshift range of $0.017 < z < 0.85$. We determine the effective spectroscopic selection function for our sample, and use it to investigate the redshift-dependent bias on the distance moduli of SNe Ia we have classified. We also provide a full overview of the strategy, observations, and data products of DES-SN, which has discovered 12,015 likely supernovae during these first three seasons. The data presented here are used for the first cosmology analysis by DES-SN ('DES-SN3YR'), the results of which are given in DES Collaboration (2018a)., Comment: 25 pages, 14 figures, 8 tables. Submitted to AJ

Published
2018
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64. First Cosmology Results Using Type Ia Supernovae from the Dark Energy Survey: Effects of Chromatic Corrections to Supernova Photometry on Measurements of Cosmological Parameters

Author

Lasker, J., Kessler, R., Scolnic, D., Brout, D., D'Andrea, C. B., Davis, T. M., Hinton, S. R., Kim, A. G., Lidman, C., Macaulay, E., Möller, A., Sako, M., Smith, M., Sullivan, M., Asorey, J., Bassett, B. A., Burke, D. L., Calcino, J., Carollo, D., Childress, M., Frieman, J., Hoormann, J. K., Kasai, E., Li, T. S., March, M., Morganson, E., Rykoff, E. S., Swann, E., Tucker, B. E., Wester, W., Abbott, T. M. C., Allam, S., Annis, J., Avila, S., Bechtol, K., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., da Costa, L. N., Davis, C., De Vicente, J., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Flaugher, B., Garcia-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kent, S., Krause, E., Kron, R., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Martini, P., Menanteau, F., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Plazas, A. A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Tucker, D. L., and Walker, A. R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Calibration uncertainties have been the leading systematic uncertainty in recent analyses using type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) to measure cosmological parameters. To improve the calibration, we present the application of Spectral Energy Distribution (SED)-dependent "chromatic corrections" to the supernova light-curve photometry from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). These corrections depend on the combined atmospheric and instrumental transmission function for each exposure, and they affect photometry at the 0.01 mag (1%) level, comparable to systematic uncertainties in calibration and photometry. Fitting our combined DES and low-z SN Ia sample with Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) and Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) priors for the cosmological parameters $\Omega_{\rm m}$ (the fraction of the critical density of the universe comprised of matter) and w (the dark energy equation of state parameter), we compare those parameters before and after applying the corrections. We find the change in w and $\Omega_{\rm m}$ due to not including chromatic corrections are -0.002 and 0.000, respectively, for the DES-SN3YR sample with BAO and CMB priors, consistent with a larger DES-SN3YR-like simulation, which has a w-change of 0.0005 with an uncertainty of 0.008 and an $\Omega_{\rm m}$ change of 0.000 with an uncertainty of 0.002 . However, when considering samples on individual CCDs we find large redshift-dependent biases (approximately 0.02 in distance modulus) for supernova distances., Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures, submitted to MNRAS

Published
2018
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65. Steve: A hierarchical Bayesian model for Supernova Cosmology

Author

Hinton, S. R., Davis, T. M., Kim, A. G., Brout, D., D'Andrea, C. B., Kessler, R., Lasker, J., Lidman, C., Macaulay, E., Möller, A., Sako, M., Scolnic, D., Smith, M., Wolf, R. C., Childress, M., Morganson, E., Allam, S., Annis, J., Avila, S., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Cunha, C. E., da Costa, L. N., Davis, C., De Vicente, J., DePoy, D. L., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hartley, W. G., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., March, M., Marshall, J. L., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Ogando, R. L. C., Plazas, A. A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Vikram, V., and Zhang, Y.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present a new Bayesian hierarchical model (BHM) named Steve for performing type Ia supernova (SNIa) cosmology fits. This advances previous works by including an improved treatment of Malmquist bias, accounting for additional sources of systematic uncertainty, and increasing numerical efficiency. Given light curve fit parameters, redshifts, and host-galaxy masses, we fit Steve simultaneously for parameters describing cosmology, SNIa populations, and systematic uncertainties. Selection effects are characterised using Monte-Carlo simulations. We demonstrate its implementation by fitting realisations of SNIa datasets where the SNIa model closely follows that used in Steve. Next, we validate on more realistic SNANA simulations of SNIa samples from the Dark Energy Survey and low-redshift surveys. These simulated datasets contain more than $60\,000$ SNeIa, which we use to evaluate biases in the recovery of cosmological parameters, specifically the equation-of-state of dark energy, $w$. This is the most rigorous test of a BHM method applied to SNIa cosmology fitting, and reveals small $w$-biases that depend on the simulated SNIa properties, in particular the intrinsic SNIa scatter model. This $w$-bias is less than $0.03$ on average, less than half the statistical uncertainty on $w$.These simulation test results are a concern for BHM cosmology fitting applications on large upcoming surveys, and therefore future development will focus on minimising the sensitivity of Steve to the SNIa intrinsic scatter model., Comment: 27 pages, 12 figures

Published
2018
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66. First Cosmology Results Using Type Ia Supernovae From the Dark Energy Survey: Analysis, Systematic Uncertainties, and Validation

Author

Brout, D., Scolnic, D., Kessler, R., D'Andrea, C. B., Davis, T. M., Gupta, R. R., Hinton, S. R., Kim, A. G., Lasker, J., Lidman, C., Macaulay, E., Möller, A., Nichol, R. C., Sako, M., Smith, M., Sullivan, M., Zhang, B., Andersen, P., Asorey, J., Avelino, A., Bassett, B. A., Brown, P., Calcino, J., Carollo, D., Challis, P., Childress, M., Clocchiatti, A., Filippenko, A. V., Foley, R. J., Galbany, L., Glazebrook, K., Hoormann, J. K., Kasai, E., Kirshner, R. P., Kuehn, K., Kuhlmann, S., Lewis, G. F., Mandel, K. S., March, M., Miranda, V., Morganson, E., Muthukrishna, D., Nugent, P., Palmese, A., Pan, Y. -C., Sharp, R., Sommer, N. E., Swann, E., Thomas, R. C., Tucker, B. E., Uddin, S. A., Wester, W., Abbott, T. M. C., Allam, S., Annis, J., Avila, S., Bechtol, K., Bernstein, G. M., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Cunha, C. E., da Costa, L. N., Davis, C., De Vicente, J., DePoy, D. L., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Eifler, T. F., Estrada, J., Fernandez, E., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Hartley, W. G., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., Hoyle, B., James, D. J., Jarvis, M., Jeltema, T., Krause, E., Lahav, O., Li, T. S., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., Marriner, J., Marshall, J. L., Martini, P., Menanteau, F., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Ogando, R. L. C., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Rykoff, E. S., Sanchez, E., Santiago, B., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Troxel, M. A., Tucker, D. L., Vikram, V., Walker, A. R., and Zhang, Y.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the analysis underpinning the measurement of cosmological parameters from 207 spectroscopically classified type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) from the first three years of the Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program (DES-SN), spanning a redshift range of 0.017<$z$<0.849. We combine the DES-SN sample with an external sample of 122 low-redshift ($z$<0.1) SNe Ia, resulting in a "DES-SN3YR" sample of 329 SNe Ia. Our cosmological analyses are blinded: after combining our DES-SN3YR distances with constraints from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB; Planck Collaboration 2016), our uncertainties in the measurement of the dark energy equation-of-state parameter, $w$, are .042 (stat) and .059 (stat+syst) at 68% confidence. We provide a detailed systematic uncertainty budget, which has nearly equal contributions from photometric calibration, astrophysical bias corrections, and instrumental bias corrections. We also include several new sources of systematic uncertainty. While our sample is <1/3 the size of the Pantheon sample, our constraints on $w$ are only larger by 1.4$\times$, showing the impact of the DES SN Ia light curve quality. We find that the traditional stretch and color standardization parameters of the DES SNe Ia are in agreement with earlier SN Ia samples such as Pan-STARRS1 and the Supernova Legacy Survey. However, we find smaller intrinsic scatter about the Hubble diagram (0.077 mag). Interestingly, we find no evidence for a Hubble residual step ( 0.007 $\pm$ 0.018 mag) as a function of host galaxy mass for the DES subset, in 2.4$\sigma$ tension with previous measurements. We also present novel validation methods of our sample using simulated SNe Ia inserted in DECam images and using large catalog-level simulations to test for biases in our analysis pipelines., Comment: 30 Pages, 18 Figures, 12 Tables. Submitted to ApJ. Comments welcome

Published
2018
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67. First Cosmology Results Using Type Ia Supernovae From the Dark Energy Survey: Photometric Pipeline and Light Curve Data Release

Author

Brout, D., Sako, M., Scolnic, D., Kessler, R., D'Andrea, C. B., Davis, T. M., Hinton, S. R., Kim, A. G., Lasker, J., Macaulay, E., Möller, A., Nichol, R. C., Smith, M., Sullivan, M., Wolf, R. C., Allam, S., Bassett, B. A., Brown, P., Castander, F. J., Childress, M., Foley, R. J., Galbany, L., Herner, K., Kasai, E., March, M., Morganson, E., Nugent, P., Pan, Y. -C., Thomas, R. C., Tucker, B. E., Wester, W., Abbott, T. M. C., Annis, J., Avila, S., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Crocce, M., Cunha, C. E., da Costa, L. N., Davis, C., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Goldstein, D. A., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hartley, W. G., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Li, T. S., Lima, M., Marshall, J. L., Martini, P., Miquel, R., Nord, B., Plazas, A. A., Roodman, A., Rykoff, E. S., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Tucker, D. L., Walker, A. R., Yanny, B., and Zhang, Y.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We present griz light curves of 251 Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) from the first 3 years of the Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program's (DES-SN) spectroscopically classified sample. The photometric pipeline described in this paper produces the calibrated fluxes and associated uncertainties used in the cosmological parameter analysis (Brout et al. 2018-SYS, DES Collaboration et al. 2018) by employing a scene modeling approach that simultaneously forward models a variable transient flux and temporally constant host galaxy. We inject artificial point sources onto DECam images to test the accuracy of our photometric method. Upon comparison of input and measured artificial supernova fluxes, we find flux biases peak at 3 mmag. We require corrections to our photometric uncertainties as a function of host galaxy surface brightness at the transient location, similar to that seen by the DES Difference Imaging Pipeline used to discover transients. The public release of the light curves can be found at https://des.ncsa.illinois.edu/releases/sn., Comment: 12 Pages, 8 Figures, Submitted to ApJ, Comments welcome

Published
2018
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68. First Cosmological Results using Type Ia Supernovae from the Dark Energy Survey: Measurement of the Hubble Constant

Author

Macaulay, E., Nichol, R. C., Bacon, D., Brout, D., Davis, T. M., Zhang, B., Bassett, B. A., Scolnic, D., Möller, A., D'Andrea, C. B., Hinton, S. R., Kessler, R., Kim, A. G., Lasker, J., Lidman, C., Sako, M., Smith, M., Sullivan, M., Abbott, T. M. C., Allam, S., Annis, J., Asorey, J., Avila, S., Bechtol, K., Brooks, D., Brown, P., Burke, D. L., Calcino, J., Rosell, A. Carnero, Carollo, D., Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Collett, T., Crocce, M., Cunha, C. E., da Costa, L. N., Davis, C., De Vicente, J., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Eifler, T. F., Estrada, J., Evrard, A. E., Filippenko, A. V., Finley, D. A., Flaugher, B., Foley, R. J., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Galbany, L., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Glazebrook, K., González-Gaitán, S., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hartley, W. G., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., Hoormann, J. K., Hoyle, B., Huterer, D., Jain, B., James, D. J., Jeltema, T., Kasai, E., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lewis, G. F., Li, T. S., Lima, M., Lin, H., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Martini, P., Miquel, R., Nugent, P., Palmese, A., Pan, Y. -C., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Sharp, R., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Sommer, N. E., Suchyta, E., Swann, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Thomas, R. C., Tucker, B. E., Uddin, S. A., Vikram, V., Walker, A. R., and Wiseman, P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present an improved measurement of the Hubble constant (H_0) using the 'inverse distance ladder' method, which adds the information from 207 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) at redshift 0.018 < z < 0.85 to existing distance measurements of 122 low redshift (z < 0.07) SNe Ia (Low-z) and measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAOs). Whereas traditional measurements of H_0 with SNe Ia use a distance ladder of parallax and Cepheid variable stars, the inverse distance ladder relies on absolute distance measurements from the BAOs to calibrate the intrinsic magnitude of the SNe Ia. We find H_0 = 67.8 +/- 1.3 km s-1 Mpc-1 (statistical and systematic uncertainties, 68% confidence). Our measurement makes minimal assumptions about the underlying cosmological model, and our analysis was blinded to reduce confirmation bias. We examine possible systematic uncertainties and all are below the statistical uncertainties. Our H_0 value is consistent with estimates derived from the Cosmic Microwave Background assuming a LCDM universe (Planck Collaboration et al. 2018)., Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, updated to match accepted version

Published
2018
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69. First Cosmology Results using Type Ia Supernovae from the Dark Energy Survey: Constraints on Cosmological Parameters

Author

Abbott, T. M. C., Allam, S., Andersen, P., Angus, C., Asorey, J., Avelino, A., Avila, S., Bassett, B. A., Bechtol, K., Bernstein, G. M., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Brout, D., Brown, P., Burke, D. L., Calcino, J., Rosell, A. Carnero, Carollo, D., Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Casas, R., Castander, F. J., Cawthon, R., Challis, P., Childress, M., Clocchiatti, A., Cunha, C. E., D'Andrea, C. B., da Costa, L. N., Davis, C., Davis, T. M., De Vicente, J., DePoy, D. L., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Eifler, T. F., Evrard, A. E., Fernandez, E., Filippenko, A. V., Finley, D. A., Flaugher, B., Foley, R. J., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Galbany, L., Garcia-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Giannantonio, T., Glazebrook, K., Goldstein, D. A., Gonzalez-Gaitan, S., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gupta, R. R., Gutierrez, G., Hartley, W. G., Hinton, S. R., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., Hoormann, J. K., Hoyle, B., James, D. J., Jeltema, T., Johnson, M. W. G., Johnson, M. D., Kasai, E., Kent, S., Kessler, R., Kim, A. G., Kirshner, R. P., Kovacs, E., Krause, E., Kron, R., Kuehn, K., Kuhlmann, S., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lasker, J., Lewis, G. F., Li, T. S., Lidman, C., Lima, M., Lin, H., Macaulay, E., Maia, M. A. G., Mandel, K. S., March, M., Marriner, J., Marshall, J. L., Martini, P., Menanteau, F., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Miranda, V., Mohr, J. J., Morganson, E., Muthukrishna, D., Möller, A., Neilsen, E., Nichol, R. C., Nord, B., Nugent, P., Ogando, R. L. C., Palmese, A., Pan, Y. -C., Plazas, A. A., Pursiainen, M., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Rozo, E., Rykoff, E. S., Sako, M., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Schubnell, M., Scolnic, D., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Sharp, R., Smith, M., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Sommer, N. E., Spinka, H., Suchyta, E., Sullivan, M., Swann, E., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Thomas, R. C., Troxel, M. A., Tucker, B. E., Uddin, S. A., Walker, A. R., Wester, W., Wiseman, P., Wolf, R. C., Yanny, B., Zhang, B., and Zhang, Y.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the first cosmological parameter constraints using measurements of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) from the Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program (DES-SN). The analysis uses a subsample of 207 spectroscopically confirmed SNe Ia from the first three years of DES-SN, combined with a low-redshift sample of 122 SNe from the literature. Our "DES-SN3YR" result from these 329 SNe Ia is based on a series of companion analyses and improvements covering SN Ia discovery, spectroscopic selection, photometry, calibration, distance bias corrections, and evaluation of systematic uncertainties. For a flat LCDM model we find a matter density Omega_m = 0.331 +_ 0.038. For a flat wCDM model, and combining our SN Ia constraints with those from the cosmic microwave background (CMB), we find a dark energy equation of state w = -0.978 +_ 0.059, and Omega_m = 0.321 +_ 0.018. For a flat w0waCDM model, and combining probes from SN Ia, CMB and baryon acoustic oscillations, we find w0 = -0.885 +_ 0.114 and wa = -0.387 +_ 0.430. These results are in agreement with a cosmological constant and with previous constraints using SNe Ia (Pantheon, JLA).

Published
2018
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70. First Cosmology Results using Type Ia Supernova from the Dark Energy Survey: Simulations to Correct Supernova Distance Biases

Author

Kessler, R., Brout, D., D'Andrea, C. B., Davis, T. M., Hinton, S. R., Kim, A. G., Lasker, J., Lidman, C., Macaulay, E., Möller, A., Sako, M., Scolnic, D., Smith, M., Sullivan, M., Zhang, B., Andersen, P., Asorey, J., Avelino, A., Calcino, J., Carollo, D., Challis, P., Childress, M., Clocchiatti, A., Crawford, S., Filippenko, A. V., Foley, R. J., Glazebrook, K., Hoormann, J. K., Kasai, E., Kirshner, R. P., Lewis, G. F., Mandel, K. S., March, M., Morganson, E., Muthukrishna, D., Nugent, P., Pan, Y. -C., Sommer, N. E., Swann, E., Thomas, R. C., Tucker, B. E., Uddin, S. A., Abbott, T. M. C., Allam, S., Annis, J., Avila, S., Banerji, M., Bechtol, K., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Crocce, M., da Costa, L. N., Davis, C., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Garcia-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Hartley, W. G., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Johnson, M. W. G., Johnson, M. D., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Li, T. S., Lima, M., Marshall, J. L., Martini, P., Menanteau, F., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Nord, B., Plazas, A. A., Roodman, A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Walker, A. R., and Zhang, Y.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We describe catalog-level simulations of Type Ia supernova (SN~Ia) light curves in the Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program (DES-SN), and in low-redshift samples from the Center for Astrophysics (CfA) and the Carnegie Supernova Project (CSP). These simulations are used to model biases from selection effects and light curve analysis, and to determine bias corrections for SN~Ia distance moduli that are used to measure cosmological parameters. To generate realistic light curves, the simulation uses a detailed SN~Ia model, incorporates information from observations (PSF, sky noise, zero point), and uses summary information (e.g., detection efficiency vs. signal to noise ratio) based on 10,000 fake SN light curves whose fluxes were overlaid on images and processed with our analysis pipelines. The quality of the simulation is illustrated by predicting distributions observed in the data. Averaging within redshift bins, we find distance modulus biases up to 0.05~mag over the redshift ranges of the low-z and DES-SN samples. For individual events, particularly those with extreme red or blue color, distance biases can reach 0.4~mag. Therefore, accurately determining bias corrections is critical for precision measurements of cosmological parameters. Files used to make these corrections are available at https://des.ncsa.illinois.edu/releases/sn.

Published
2018
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71. Dynamical Analysis of Three Distant Trans-Neptunian Objects with Similar Orbits

Author

Khain, T., Becker, J. C., Adams, F. C., Gerdes, D. W., Hamilton, S. J., Franson, K., Zullo, L., Sako, M., Napier, K., Lin, Hsing Wen, Markwardt, L., Bernardinelli, P., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Annis, J., Avila, S., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Cunha, C. E., da Costa, L. N., Davis, C., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Flaugher, B., Frieman, J., Garcia-Bellido, J., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Hartley, W. G., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Maia, M. A. G., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Nord, B., Ogando, R. L. C., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Vikram, V., Walker, A. R., Wester, W., and Zhang, Y.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

This paper reports the discovery and orbital characterization of two extreme trans-Neptunian objects (ETNOs), 2016 QV$_{89}$ and 2016 QU$_{89}$, which have orbits that appear similar to that of a previously known object, 2013 UH$_{15}$. All three ETNOs have semi-major axes $a\approx 172$ AU and eccentricities $e\approx0.77$. The angular elements $(i,\omega,\Omega)$ vary by 6, 15, and 49 deg, respectively between the three objects. The two new objects add to the small number of TNOs currently known to have semi-major axes between 150 and 250 AU, and serve as an interesting dynamical laboratory to study the outer realm of our Solar System. Using a large ensemble of numerical integrations, we find that the orbits are expected to reside in close proximity in the $(a,e)$ phase plane for roughly 100 Myr before diffusing to more separated values. We then explore other scenarios that could influence their orbits. With aphelion distances over 300 AU, the orbits of these ETNOs extend far beyond the classical Kuiper Belt, and an order of magnitude beyond Neptune. As a result, their orbital dynamics can be affected by the proposed new Solar System member, referred to as Planet Nine in this work. With perihelion distances of 35-40 AU, these orbits are also influenced by resonant interactions with Neptune. A full assessment of any possible, new Solar System planets must thus take into account this emerging class of TNOs., Comment: accepted to AJ

Published
2018
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72. Discovery and Dynamical Analysis of an Extreme Trans-Neptunian Object with a High Orbital Inclination

Author

Becker, J. C., Khain, T., Hamilton, S. J., Adams, F., Gerdes, D. W., Zullo, L., Franson, K., Millholland, S., Bernstein, G. M., Sako, M., Bernardinelli, P., Napier, K., Markwardt, L., Lin, Hsing Wen, Wester, W., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Annis, J., Avila, S., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Cunha, C. E., D'Andrea, C. B., da Costa, L. N., Davis, C., De Vicente, J., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Garcia-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hartley, W. G., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Maia, M. A. G., March, M., Marshall, J. L., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Ogando, R. L. C., Plazas, A. A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., and Walker, A. R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We report the discovery and dynamical analysis of 2015 BP$_{519}$, an extreme Trans-Neptunian Object detected detected by the Dark Energy Survey at a heliocentric distance of 55 AU and absolute magnitude Hr= 4.3. The current orbit, determined from a 1110-day observational arc, has semi-major axis $a\approx$ 450 AU, eccentricity $e\approx$ 0.92 and inclination $i\approx$ 54 degrees. With these orbital elements, 2015 BP$_{519}$ is the most extreme TNO discovered to date, as quantified by the reduced Kozai action, which is is a conserved quantity at fixed semi-major axis $a$ for axisymmetric perturbations. We discuss the orbital stability and evolution of this object in the context of the known Solar System, and find that 2015 BP$_{519}$ displays rich dynamical behavior, including rapid diffusion in semi-major axis and more constrained variations in eccentricity and inclination. We also consider the long term orbital stability and evolutionary behavior within the context of the Planet Nine Hypothesis, and find that BP$_{519}$ adds to the circumstantial evidence for the existence of this proposed new member of the Solar System, as it would represent the first member of the population of high-i, $\varpi$-shepherded TNOs., Comment: published in AJ; observations available on MPC

Published
2018
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73. J-PLUS: The Javalambre Photometric Local Universe Survey

Author

Cenarro, A. J., Moles, M., Cristóbal-Hornillos, D., Marín-Franch, A., Ederoclite, A., Varela, J., López-Sanjuan, C., Hernández-Monteagudo, C., Angulo, R. E., Ramió, H. Vázquez, Viironen, K., Bonoli, S., Orsi, A. A., Hurier, G., Roman, I. San, Greisel, N., Vilella-Rojo, G., Díaz-García, L. A., Logroño-García, R., Gurung-López, S., Spinoso, D., Izquierdo-Villalba, D., Aguerri, J. A. L., Prieto, C. Allende, Bonatto, C., Carvano, J. M., Chies-Santos, A. L., Daflon, S., Dupke, R. A., Falcón-Barroso, J., Gonçalves, D. R., Jiménez-Teja, Y., Molino, A., Placco, V. M., Solano, E., Whitten, D. D., Abril, J., Antón, J. L., Bello, R., de Toledo, S. Bielsa, Castillo-Ramírez, J., Chueca, S., Civera, T., Díaz-Martín, M. C., Domínguez-Martínez, M., Garzarán-Calderaro, J., Hernández-Fuertes, J., Iglesias-Marzoa, R., Iñiguez, C., Ruiz, J. M. Jiménez, Kruuse, K., Lamadrid, J. L., Lasso-Cabrera, N., López-Alegre, G., López-Sainz, A., Maícas, N., Moreno-Signes, A., Muniesa, D. J., Rodríguez-Llano, S., Rueda-Teruel, F., Rueda-Teruel, S., Soriano-Laguía, I., Tilve, V., Valdivielso, L., Yanes-Díaz, A., Alcaniz, J. S., de Oliveira, C. Mendes, Sodré, L., Coelho, P., de Oliveira, R. Lopes, Tamm, A., Xavier, H. S., Abramo, L. R., Akras, S., Alfaro, E. J., Alvarez-Candal, A., Ascaso, B., Beasley, M. A., Beers, T. C., Fernandes, M. Borges, Bruzual, G. R., Buzzo, M. L., Carrasco, J. M., Cepa, J., Cortesi, A., Costa-Duarte, M. V., De Prá, M., Favole, G., Galarza, A., Galbany, L., Garcia, K., Delgado, R. M. González, González-Serrano, J. I., Gutiérrez-Soto, L. A., Hernandez-Jimenez, J. A., Kanaan, A., Kuncarayakti, H., Landim, R. C. G., Laur, J., Licandro, J., Neto, G. B. Lima, Lyman, J. D., Apellániz, J. Maíz, Miralda-Escudé, J., Morate, D., Nogueira-Cavalcante, J. P., Novais, P. M., Oncins, M., Oteo, I., Overzier, R. A., Pereira, C. B., Rebassa-Mansergas, A., Reis, R. R. R., Roig, F., Sako, M., Salvador-Rusiñol, N., Sampedro, L., Sánchez-Blázquez, P., Santos, W. A., Schmidtobreick, L., Siffert, B. B., and Telles, E.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

J-PLUS is an ongoing 12-band photometric optical survey, observing thousands of square degrees of the Northern hemisphere from the dedicated JAST/T80 telescope at the Observatorio Astrof\'isico de Javalambre. T80Cam is a 2 sq.deg field-of-view camera mounted on this 83cm-diameter telescope, and is equipped with a unique system of filters spanning the entire optical range. This filter system is a combination of broad, medium and narrow-band filters, optimally designed to extract the rest-frame spectral features (the 3700-4000\AA\ Balmer break region, H$\delta$, Ca H+K, the G-band, the Mgb and Ca triplets) that are key to both characterize stellar types and to deliver a low-resolution photo-spectrum for each pixel of the sky observed. With a typical depth of AB $\sim 21.25$ mag per band, this filter set thus allows for an indiscriminate and accurate characterization of the stellar population in our Galaxy, it provides an unprecedented 2D photo-spectral information for all resolved galaxies in the local universe, as well as accurate photo-z estimates ($\Delta\,z\sim 0.01-0.03$) for moderately bright (up to $r\sim 20$ mag) extragalactic sources. While some narrow band filters are designed for the study of particular emission features ([OII]/$\lambda$3727, H$\alpha$/$\lambda$6563) up to $z < 0.015$, they also provide well-defined windows for the analysis of other emission lines at higher redshifts. As a result, J-PLUS has the potential to contribute to a wide range of fields in Astrophysics, both in the nearby universe (Milky Way, 2D IFU-like studies, stellar populations of nearby and moderate redshift galaxies, clusters of galaxies) and at high redshifts (ELGs at $z\approx 0.77, 2.2$ and $4.4$, QSOs, etc). With this paper, we release $\sim 36$ sq.deg of J-PLUS data, containing about $1.5\times 10^5$ stars and $10^5$ galaxies at $r<21$ mag., Comment: Submitted to A&A

Published
2018
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74. A Bayesian approach to truncated data sets: An application to Malmquist bias in Supernova Cosmology

Author

March, M C, Wolf, R C, Sako, m, D'Andrea, C, and Brout, D

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Large scale astronomical surveys are going wider and deeper than ever before. However, astronomers, cosmologists and theorists continue to face the perennial issue that their data sets are often incomplete in magnitude space and must be carefully treated in order to avoid Malmquist bias, especially in the field of supernova cosmology. Historically, cosmological parameter inference in supernova cosmology was done using $\chi^2$ methodology; however, recent years have seen a rise in the use of Bayesian Hierarchical Models. In this paper we develop a Bayesian Hierarchical methodology to account for magnitude limited surveys and present a specific application to cosmological parameter inference and model selection in supernova cosmology.

Published
2018

75. Rapidly evolving transients in the Dark Energy Survey

Author

Pursiainen, M., Childress, M., Smith, M., Prajs, S., Sullivan, M., Davis, T. M., Foley, R. J., Asorey, J., Calcino, J., Carollo, D., Curtin, C., D'Andrea, C. B., Glazebrook, K., Gutierrez, C., Hinton, S. R., Hoormann, J. K., Inserra, C., Kessler, R., King, A., Kuehn, K., Lewis, G. F., Lidman, C., Macaulay, E., Möller, A., Nichol, R. C., Sako, M., Sommer, N. E., Swann, E., Tucker, B. E., Uddin, S. A., Wiseman, P., Zhang, B., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Annis, J., Avila, S., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Cunha, C. E., Davis, C., De Vicente, J., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Hartley, W. G., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Jeltema, T., Kuropatkin, N., Li, T. S., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., Martini, P., Menanteau, F., Ogando, R. L. C., Plazas, A. A., Roodman, A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Tucker, D. L., and Walker, A. R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present the results of a search for rapidly evolving transients in the Dark Energy Survey Supernova Programme. These events are characterized by fast light curve evolution (rise to peak in $\lesssim 10$ d and exponential decline in $\lesssim30$ d after peak). We discovered 72 events, including 37 transients with a spectroscopic redshift from host galaxy spectral features. The 37 events increase the total number of rapid optical transients by more than factor of two. They are found at a wide range of redshifts ($0.05M_\mathrm{g}>-22.25$). The multiband photometry is well fit by a blackbody up to few weeks after peak. The events appear to be hot ($T\approx10000-30000$ K) and large ($R\approx 10^{14}-2\cdot10^{15}$ cm) at peak, and generally expand and cool in time, though some events show evidence for a receding photosphere with roughly constant temperature. Spectra taken around peak are dominated by a blue featureless continuum consistent with hot, optically thick ejecta. We compare our events with a previously suggested physical scenario involving shock breakout in an optically thick wind surrounding a core-collapse supernova (CCSNe), we conclude that current models for such a scenario might need an additional power source to describe the exponential decline. We find these transients tend to favor star-forming host galaxies, which could be consistent with a core-collapse origin. However, more detailed modeling of the light curves is necessary to determine their physical origin., Comment: Accepted to MNRAS on 22.8.2018

Published
2018
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76. The Dark Energy Survey Image Processing Pipeline

Author

Morganson, E., Gruendl, R. A., Menanteau, F., Kind, M. Carrasco, Chen, Y. -C., Daues, G., Drlica-Wagner, A., Friedel, D. N., Gower, M., Johnson, M. W. G., Johnson, M. D., Kessler, R., Paz-Chinchón, F., Petravick, D., Pond, C., Yanny, B., Allam, S., Armstrong, R., Barkhouse, W., Bechtol, K., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bernstein, G. M., Bertin, E., Buckley-Geer, E., Covarrubias, R., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Goldstein, D. A., Gruen, D., Li, T. S., Lin, H., Marriner, J., Mohr, J. J., Neilsen, E., Ngeow, C. -C., Paech, K., Rykoff, E. S., Sako, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Sheldon, E., Sobreira, F., Tucker, D. L., and Wester, W.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Dark Energy Survey (DES) is a five-year optical imaging campaign with the goal of understanding the origin of cosmic acceleration. DES performs a 5000 square degree survey of the southern sky in five optical bands (g,r,i,z,Y) to a depth of ~24th magnitude. Contemporaneously, DES performs a deep, time-domain survey in four optical bands (g,r,i,z) over 27 square degrees. DES exposures are processed nightly with an evolving data reduction pipeline and evaluated for image quality to determine if they need to be retaken. Difference imaging and transient source detection are also performed in the time domain component nightly. On a bi-annual basis, DES exposures are reprocessed with a refined pipeline and coadded to maximize imaging depth. Here we describe the DES image processing pipeline in support of DES science, as a reference for users of archival DES data, and as a guide for future astronomical surveys.

Published
2018
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77. The Dark Energy Survey Data Release 1

Author

Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Amara, A., Annis, J., Asorey, J., Avila, S., Ballester, O., Banerji, M., Barkhouse, W., Baruah, L., Baumer, M., Bechtol, K., Becker, M . R., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bernstein, G. M., Bertin, E., Blazek, J., Bocquet, S., Brooks, D., Brout, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Busti, V., Campisano, R., Cardiel-Sas, L., Rosell, A. C arnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Cawthon, R., Chang, C., Chen, X., Conselice, C., Costa, G., Crocce, M., Cunha, C. E., D'Andrea, C. B., da Costa, L. N., Das, R., Daues, G., Davis, T. M., Davis, C., De Vicente, J., DePoy, D. L., DeRose, J., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Dietrich, J. P., Dodelson, S., Doel, P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Eifler, T. F., Elliott, A. E., Evrard, A. E., Farahi, A., Neto, A. Fausti, Fernandez, E., Finley, D. A., Fitzpatrick, M., Flaugher, B., Foley, R. J., Fosalba, P., Friedel, D. N., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., tanaga, E. Gaz, Gerdes, D. W., Giannantonio, T., Gill, M. S. S., Glazebrook, K., Goldstein, D. A., Gower, M., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gupta, R. R., Gutierrez, G., Hamilton, S., Hartley, W. G., Hinton, S. R., Hislop, J. M., Hollowood, D., Honscheid, K., Hoyle, B., Huterer, D., Jain, B., James, D. J., Jeltema, T., Johnson, M. W. G., Johnson, M. D., Juneau, S., Kacprzak, T., Kent, S., Khullar, G., Klein, M., Kovacs, A., Koziol, A. M. G., Krause, E., Kremin, A., Kron, R., Kuehn, K., Kuhlmann, S., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lasker, J., Li, T. S., Li, R. T., Liddle, A. R., Lima, M., Lin, H., López-Reyes, P., MacCrann, N., Maia, M. A. G., Maloney, J. D., Manera, M., March, M., Marriner, J., Marshall, J. L., Martini, P., McClintock, T., McKay, T., McMahon, R . G., Melchior, P., Menanteau, F., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Mohr, J. J., Morganson, E., Mould, J., Neilsen, E., Nichol, R. C., Nidever, D., Nikutta, R., Nogueira, F., Nord, B., Nugent, P., Nunes, L., Ogando, R. L. C., Old, L., Olsen, K., Pace, A. B., Palmese, A., Paz-Chinchón, F., Peiris, H. V., Percival, W. J., Petravick, D., Plazas, A. A., Poh, J., Pond, C., redon, A. Por, Pujol, A., Refregier, A., Reil, K., Ricker, P. M., Rollins, R. P., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Rooney, P., Ross, A. J., Rykoff, E. S., Sako, M., Sanchez, E., Sanchez, M. L., Santiago, B., Saro, A., Scarpine, V., Scolnic, D., Scott, A., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Sheldon, E., Shipp, N., Silveira, M. L., Smith, R. C., Smith, J. A., Smith, M., Soares-Santos, M., ira, F. Sobre, Song, J., Stebbins, A., Suchyta, E., Sullivan, M., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thaler, J., Thomas, D., Thomas, R. C., Troxel, M. A., Tucker, D. L., Vikram, V., Vivas, A. K., ker, A. R. Wal, Wechsler, R. H., Weller, J., Wester, W., Wolf, R. C., Wu, H., Yanny, B., Zenteno, A., Zhang, Y., and Zuntz, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We describe the first public data release of the Dark Energy Survey, DES DR1, consisting of reduced single epoch images, coadded images, coadded source catalogs, and associated products and services assembled over the first three years of DES science operations. DES DR1 is based on optical/near-infrared imaging from 345 distinct nights (August 2013 to February 2016) by the Dark Energy Camera mounted on the 4-m Blanco telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile. We release data from the DES wide-area survey covering ~5,000 sq. deg. of the southern Galactic cap in five broad photometric bands, grizY. DES DR1 has a median delivered point-spread function of g = 1.12, r = 0.96, i = 0.88, z = 0.84, and Y = 0.90 arcsec FWHM, a photometric precision of < 1% in all bands, and an astrometric precision of 151 mas. The median coadded catalog depth for a 1.95" diameter aperture at S/N = 10 is g = 24.33, r = 24.08, i = 23.44, z = 22.69, and Y = 21.44 mag. DES DR1 includes nearly 400M distinct astronomical objects detected in ~10,000 coadd tiles of size 0.534 sq. deg. produced from ~39,000 individual exposures. Benchmark galaxy and stellar samples contain ~310M and ~ 80M objects, respectively, following a basic object quality selection. These data are accessible through a range of interfaces, including query web clients, image cutout servers, jupyter notebooks, and an interactive coadd image visualization tool. DES DR1 constitutes the largest photometric data set to date at the achieved depth and photometric precision., Comment: 30 pages, 20 Figures. Release page found at this url https://des.ncsa.illinois.edu/releases/dr1

Published
2018
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78. Stellar Streams Discovered in the Dark Energy Survey

Author

Shipp, N., Drlica-Wagner, A., Balbinot, E., Ferguson, P., Erkal, D., Li, T. S., Bechtol, K., Belokurov, V., Buncher, B., Carollo, D., Kind, M. Carrasco, Kuehn, K., Marshall, J. L., Pace, A. B., Rykoff, E. S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Sheldon, E., Strigari, L., Vivas, A. K., Yanny, B., Zenteno, A., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Avila, S., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Cawthon, R., Crocce, M., Cunha, C. E., D'Andrea, C. B., da Costa, L. N., Davis, C., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Evrard, A. E., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hoyle, B., James, D. J., Johnson, M. D., Krause, E., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lin, H., Maia, M. A. G., March, M., Martini, P., Menanteau, F., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Nichol, R. C., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Sako, M., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Schubnell, M., Smith, M., Smith, R. C., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Tucker, D. L., Walker, A. R., Wechsler, R. H., and Collaboration, the DES

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We perform a search for stellar streams around the Milky Way using the first three years of multi-band optical imaging data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). We use DES data covering $\sim 5000$ sq. deg. to a depth of $g > 23.5$ with a relative photometric calibration uncertainty of $< 1 \%$. This data set yields unprecedented sensitivity to the stellar density field in the southern celestial hemisphere, enabling the detection of faint stellar streams to a heliocentric distance of $\sim 50$ kpc. We search for stellar streams using a matched-filter in color-magnitude space derived from a synthetic isochrone of an old, metal-poor stellar population. Our detection technique recovers four previously known thin stellar streams: Phoenix, ATLAS, Tucana III, and a possible extension of Molonglo. In addition, we report the discovery of eleven new stellar streams. In general, the new streams detected by DES are fainter, more distant, and lower surface brightness than streams detected by similar techniques in previous photometric surveys. As a by-product of our stellar stream search, we find evidence for extra-tidal stellar structure associated with four globular clusters: NGC 288, NGC 1261, NGC 1851, and NGC 1904. The ever-growing sample of stellar streams will provide insight into the formation of the Galactic stellar halo, the Milky Way gravitational potential, as well as the large- and small-scale distribution of dark matter around the Milky Way., Comment: 32 pages, 6 animations, 19 figures, 4 tables; submitted to ApJ

Published
2018
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79. Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: Galaxy Sample for BAO Measurement

Author

Crocce, M., Ross, A. J., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Gaztanaga, E., Elvin-Poole, J., Avila, S., Alarcon, A., Chan, K. C., Banik, N., Carretero, J., Sanchez, E., Hartley, W. G., Sanchez, C., Giannantonio, T., Rosenfeld, R., Salvador, A. I., Garcia-Fernandez, M., Garcia-Bellido, J., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Annis, J., Bechtol, K., Benoit-Levy, A., Bernstein, G. M., Bernstein, R. A., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Castander, F. J., Cawthon, R., Cunha, C. E., D'Andrea, C. B., da Costa, L. N., Davis, C., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Eifler, T. F., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Gerdes, D. W., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hollowood, D., Honscheid, K., Jain, B., James, D. J., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Kuhlmann, S., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Martini, P., Menanteau, F., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Nichol, R. C., Percival, W. J., Plazas, A. A., Sako, M., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Scolnic, D., Sheldon, E., Smith, M., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Tucker, D. L., Vikram, V., Walker, A. R., Yanny, B., and Zhang, Y.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We define and characterise a sample of 1.3 million galaxies extracted from the first year of Dark Energy Survey data, optimised to measure Baryon Acoustic Oscillations in the presence of significant redshift uncertainties. The sample is dominated by luminous red galaxies located at redshifts $z \gtrsim 0.6$. We define the exact selection using color and magnitude cuts that balance the need of high number densities and small photometric redshift uncertainties, using the corresponding forecasted BAO distance error as a figure-of-merit in the process. The typical photo-$z$ uncertainty varies from $2.3\%$ to $3.6\%$ (in units of 1+$z$) from $z=0.6$ to $1$, with number densities from $200$ to $130$ galaxies per deg$^2$ in tomographic bins of width $\Delta z = 0.1$. Next we summarise the validation of the photometric redshift estimation. We characterise and mitigate observational systematics including stellar contamination, and show that the clustering on large scales is robust in front of those contaminants. We show that the clustering signal in the auto-correlations and cross-correlations is generally consistent with theoretical models, which serves as an additional test of the redshift distributions., Comment: 15 pages, 12 figures. Added discussion on photo-z validation and other tests added based on referee's comments. Matches published version in MNRAS

Published
2017
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80. Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: Measurement of the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation scale in the distribution of galaxies to redshift 1

Author

The Dark Energy Survey Collaboration, Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Alarcon, A., Allam, S., Andrade-Oliveira, F., Annis, J., Avila, S., Banerji, M., Banik, N., Bechtol, K., Bernstein, G. M., Bernstein, R. A., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Camacho, H., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Cawthon, R., Chan, K. C., Crocce, M., Cunha, C. E., D'Andrea, C. B., da Costa, L. N., Davis, C., De Vicente, J., DePoy, D. L., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Eifler, T. F., Elvin-Poole, J., Estrada, J., Evrard, A. E., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Garcia-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Giannantonio, T., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hartley, W. G., Hollowood, D., Honscheid, K., Hoyle, B., Jain, B., James, D. J., Jeltema, T., Johnson, M. D., Kent, S., Kokron, N., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Kuhlmann, S., Kuropatkin, N., Lacasa, F., Lahav, O., Lima, M., Lin, H., Maia, M. A. G., Manera, M., Marriner, J., Marshall, J. L., Martini, P., Melchior, P., Menanteau, F., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Mohr, J. J., Neilsen, E., Percival, W. J., Plazas, A. A., Porredon, A., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Rosenfeld, R., Ross, A. J., Rozo, E., Rykoff, E. S., Sako, M., Sanchez, E., Santiago, B., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Sheldon, E., Smith, R. C., Smith, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Troxel, M. A., Tucker, D. L., Vikram, V., Walker, A. R., Wechsler, R. H., Weller, J., Yanny, B., and Zhang, Y.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present angular diameter distance measurements obtained by locating the BAO scale in the distribution of galaxies selected from the first year of Dark Energy Survey data. We consider a sample of over 1.3 million galaxies distributed over a footprint of 1318 deg$^2$ with $0.6 < z_{\rm photo} < 1$ and a typical redshift uncertainty of $0.03(1+z)$. This sample was selected, as fully described in a companion paper, using a color/magnitude selection that optimizes trade-offs between number density and redshift uncertainty. We investigate the BAO signal in the projected clustering using three conventions, the angular separation, the co-moving transverse separation, and spherical harmonics. Further, we compare results obtained from template based and machine learning photometric redshift determinations. We use 1800 simulations that approximate our sample in order to produce covariance matrices and allow us to validate our distance scale measurement methodology. We measure the angular diameter distance, $D_A$, at the effective redshift of our sample divided by the true physical scale of the BAO feature, $r_{\rm d}$. We obtain close to a 4 per cent distance measurement of $D_A(z_{\rm eff}=0.81)/r_{\rm d} = 10.75\pm 0.43 $. These results are consistent with the flat $\Lambda$CDM concordance cosmological model supported by numerous other recent experimental results. All data products are publicly available here: https://des.ncsa.illinois.edu/releases/y1a1/bao, Comment: accepted by MNRAS; main results unchanged, some restructuring, clarifications, and robustness tests added based on referee's comments; all data products are publicly available here: https://des.ncsa.illinois.edu/releases/y1a1/bao

Published
2017
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81. Studying the Ultraviolet Spectrum of the First Spectroscopically Confirmed Supernova at redshift two

Author

Smith, M., Sullivan, M., Nichol, R. C., Galbany, L., D'Andrea, C. B., Inserra, C., Lidman, C., Rest, A., Schirmer, M., Filippenko, A. V., Zheng, W., Cenko, S. Bradley, Angus, C. R., Brown, P. J., Davis, T. M., Finley, D. A., Gonzalez-Gaitan, S., Gutierrez, C. P., Kessler, R., Kuhlmann, S., Marriner, J., Moller, A., Nugent, P. E., Prajs, S., Thomas, R., Wolf, R., Zenteno, A., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Annis, J., Bechtol, K., Benoit-Levy, A., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Crocce, M., Cunha, C. E., da Costa, L. N., Davis, C., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Garcia-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Goldstein, D. A., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Johnson, M. W. G., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Li, T. S., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Martini, P., Menanteau, F., Miller, C. J., Miguel, R., Ogando, R. L. C., Petravick, D., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Rykoff, E. S., Sako, M., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., and Walker, A. R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We present observations of DES16C2nm, the first spectroscopically confirmed hydrogen-free superluminous supernova (SLSN-I) at redshift z~2. DES16C2nm was discovered by the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Supernova Program, with follow-up photometric data from the Hubble Space Telescope, Gemini, and the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope supplementing the DES data. Spectroscopic observations confirm DES16C2nm to be at z=1.998, and spectroscopically similar to Gaia16apd (a SLSN-I at z=0.102), with a peak absolute magnitude of U=-22.26$\pm$0.06. The high redshift of DES16C2nm provides a unique opportunity to study the ultraviolet (UV) properties of SLSNe-I. Combining DES16C2nm with ten similar events from the literature, we show that there exists a homogeneous class of SLSNe-I in the UV (~2500A), with peak luminosities in the (rest-frame) U band, and increasing absorption to shorter wavelengths. There is no evidence that the mean photometric and spectroscopic properties of SLSNe-I differ between low (z<1) and high redshift (z>1), but there is clear evidence of diversity in the spectrum at <2000A, possibly caused by the variations in temperature between events. No significant correlations are observed between spectral line velocities and photometric luminosity. Using these data, we estimate that SLSNe-I can be discovered to z=3.8 by DES. While SLSNe-I are typically identified from their blue observed colors at low redshift (z<1), we highlight that at z>2 these events appear optically red, peaking in the observer-frame z-band. Such characteristics are critical to identify these objects with future facilities such as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, Euclid, and the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope, which should detect such SLSNe-I to z=3.5, 3.7, and 6.6, respectively., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2017
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82. Evidence for Dynamically Driven Formation of the GW170817 Neutron Star Binary in NGC 4993

Author

Palmese, A., Hartley, W., Tarsitano, F., Conselice, C., Lahav, O., Allam, S., Annis, J., Lin, H., Soares-Santos, M., Tucker, D., Brout, D., Banerji, M., Bechtol, K., Diehl, H. T., Fruchter, A., Garcia-Bellido, J., Herner, K., Levan, A. J., Li, T. S., Lidman, C., Misra, K., Sako, M., Scolnic, D., Smith, M., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Benoit-Levy, A., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Cunha, C. E., D'Andrea, C. B., da Costa, L. N., Davis, C., DePoy, D. L., Desai, S., Dietrich, J. P., Doel, P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Eifler, T. F., Evrard, A. E., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Giannantonio, T., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Honscheid, K., Jain, B., James, D. J., Jeltema, T., Johnson, M. W. G., Johnson, M. D., Krause, E., Kron, R., Kuehn, K., Kuhlmann, S., Kuropatkin, N., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., March, M., Marshall, J. L., McMahon, R. G., Menanteau, F., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Neilsen, E., Ogando, R. L. C., Plazas, A. A., Reil, K., Romer, A. K., Sanchez, E., Schindler, R., Smith, R. C., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Thomas, R. C., Walker, A. R., Weller, J., Zhang, Y., and Zuntz, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We present a study of NGC 4993, the host galaxy of the GW170817 gravitational wave event, the GRB170817A short gamma-ray burst (sGRB) and the AT2017gfo kilonova. We use Dark Energy Camera imaging, AAT spectra and publicly available data, relating our findings to binary neutron star (BNS) formation scenarios and merger delay timescales. NGC4993 is a nearby (40 Mpc) early-type galaxy, with $i$-band S\'ersic index $n=4.0$ and low asymmetry ($A=0.04\pm 0.01$). These properties are unusual for sGRB hosts. However, NGC4993 presents shell-like structures and dust lanes indicative of a recent galaxy merger, with the optical transient located close to a shell. We constrain the star formation history (SFH) of the galaxy assuming that the galaxy merger produced a star formation burst, but find little to no on-going star formation in either spatially-resolved broadband SED or spectral fitting. We use the best-fit SFH to estimate the BNS merger rate in this type of galaxy, as $R_{NSM}^{gal}= 5.7^{+0.57}_{-3.3} \times 10^{-6} {\rm yr}^{-1}$. If star formation is the only considered BNS formation scenario, the expected number of BNS mergers from early-type galaxies detectable with LIGO during its first two observing seasons is $0.038^{+0.004}_{-0.022}$, as opposed to $\sim 0.5$ from all galaxy types. Hypothesizing that the binary system formed due to dynamical interactions during the galaxy merger, the subsequent time elapsed can constrain the delay time of the BNS coalescence. By using velocity dispersion estimates and the position of the shells, we find that the galaxy merger occurred $t_{\rm mer}\lesssim 200~{\rm Myr}$ prior to the BNS coalescence., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. Edited to match the ApJL version

Published
2017
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83. A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant

Author

Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adams, T., Addesso, P., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Afrough, M., Agarwal, B., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Allen, B., Allen, G., Allocca, A., Altin, P. A., Amato, A., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Angelova, S. V., Antier, S., Appert, S., Arai, K., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Arnaud, N., Arun, K. G., Ascenzi, S., Ashton, G., Ast, M., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Atallah, D. V., Aufmuth, P., Aulbert, C., AultONeal, K., Austin, C., Avila-Alvarez, A., Babak, S., Bacon, P., Bader, M. K. M., Bae, S., Baker, P. T., Baldaccini, F., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Barayoga, J. C., Barclay, S. E., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barkett, K., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartlett, J., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Batch, J. C., Bawaj, M., Bayley, J. C., Bazzan, M., Bécsy, B., Beer, C., Bejger, M., Belahcene, I., Bell, A. S., Berger, B. K., Bergmann, G., Bero, J. J., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Bhagwat, S., Bhandare, R., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Billman, C. R., Birch, J., Birney, R., Birnholtz, O., Biscans, S., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Biwer, C., Bizouard, M. A., Blackburn, J. K., Blackman, J., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Blair, R. M., Bloemen, S., Bock, O., Bode, N., Boer, M., Bogaert, G., Bohe, A., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonnand, R., Boom, B. A., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bossie, K., Bouffanais, Y., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brisson, V., Brockill, P., Broida, J. E., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. A., Brown, D. D., Brunett, S., Buchanan, C. C., Buikema, A., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Cabero, M., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Canepa, M., Canizares, P., Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Cao, J., Capano, C. D., Capocasa, E., Carbognani, F., Caride, S., Carney, M. F., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalier, F., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cepeda, C. B., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cerretani, G., Cesarini, E., Chamberlin, S. J., Chan, M., Chao, S., Charlton, P., Chase, E., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, D., Chatziioannou, K., Cheeseboro, B. D., Chen, H. Y., Chen, X., Chen, Y., Cheng, H. -P., Chia, H., Chincarini, A., Chiummo, A., Chmiel, T., Cho, H. S., Cho, M., Chow, J. H., Christensen, N., Chu, Q., Chua, A. J. K., Chua, S., Chung, A. K. W., Chung, S., Ciani, G., Ciolfi, R., Cirelli, C. E., Cirone, A., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Clearwater, P., Cleva, F., Cocchieri, C., Coccia, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Cohen, D., Colla, A., Collette, C. G., Cominsky, L. R., Constancio Jr., M., Conti, L., Cooper, S. J., Corban, P., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrión, I., Corley, K. R., Cornish, N., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Coughlin, M. W., Coughlin, S. B., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Couvares, P., Covas, P. B., Cowan, E. E., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Cripe, J., Crowder, S. G., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cunningham, L., Cuoco, E., Canton, T. Dal, Dálya, G., Danilishin, S. L., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Dasgupta, A., Costa, C. F. Da Silva, Datrier, L. E. H., Dattilo, V., Dave, I., Davier, M., Davis, D., Daw, E. J., Day, B., De, S., DeBra, D., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Deléglise, S., Del Pozzo, W., Demos, N., Denker, T., Dent, T., De Pietri, R., Dergachev, V., De Rosa, R., DeRosa, R. T., De Rossi, C., DeSalvo, R., de Varona, O., Devenson, J., Dhurandhar, S., Díaz, M. C., Di Fiore, L., Di Giovanni, M., Di Girolamo, T., Di Lieto, A., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Renzo, F., Doctor, Z., Dolique, V., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Doravari, S., Dorrington, I., Douglas, R., Álvarez, M. Dovale, Downes, T. P., Drago, M., Dreissigacker, C., Driggers, J. C., Du, Z., Ducrot, M., Dupej, P., Dwyer, S. E., Edo, T. B., Edwards, M. C., Effler, A., Eggenstein, H. -B., Ehrens, P., Eichholz, J., Eikenberry, S. S., Eisenstein, R. A., Essick, R. C., Estevez, D., Etienne, Z. B., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evans, T. M., Factourovich, M., Fafone, V., Fair, H., Fairhurst, S., Fan, X., Farinon, S., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Fauchon-Jones, E. J., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fee, C., Fehrmann, H., Feicht, J., Fejer, M. M., Fernandez-Galiana, A., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, E. C., Ferrini, F., Fidecaro, F., Finstad, D., Fiori, I., Fiorucci, D., Fishbach, M., Fisher, R. P., Fitz-Axen, M., Flaminio, R., Fletcher, M., Fong, H., Font, J. A., Forsyth, P. W. F., Forsyth, S. S., Fournier, J. -D., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Frei, Z., Freise, A., Frey, R., Frey, V., Fries, E. M., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gabbard, H., Gadre, B. U., Gaebel, S. M., Gair, J. R., Gammaitoni, L., Ganija, M. R., Gaonkar, S. G., Garcia-Quiros, C., Garufi, F., Gateley, B., Gaudio, S., Gaur, G., Gayathri, V., Gehrels, N., Gemme, G., Genin, E., Gennai, A., George, D., George, J., Gergely, L., Germain, V., Ghonge, S., Ghosh, Abhirup, Ghosh, Archisman, Ghosh, S., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Giazotto, A., Gill, K., Glover, L., Goetz, E., Goetz, R., Gomes, S., Goncharov, B., González, G., Castro, J. M. Gonzalez, Gopakumar, A., Gorodetsky, M. L., Gossan, S. E., Gosselin, M., Gouaty, R., Grado, A., Graef, C., Granata, M., Grant, A., Gras, S., Gray, C., Greco, G., Green, A. C., Gretarsson, E. M., Groot, P., Grote, H., Grunewald, S., Gruning, P., Guidi, G. M., Guo, X., Gupta, A., Gupta, M. K., Gushwa, K. E., Gustafson, E. K., Gustafson, R., Halim, O., Hall, B. R., Hall, E. D., Hamilton, E. Z., Hammond, G., Haney, M., Hanke, M. M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hannam, M. D., Hannuksela, O. A., Hanson, J., Hardwick, T., Harms, J., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Hart, M. J., Haster, C. -J., Haughian, K., Healy, J., Heidmann, A., Heintze, M. C., Heitmann, H., Hello, P., Hemming, G., Hendry, M., Heng, I. S., Hennig, J., Heptonstall, A. W., Heurs, M., Hild, S., Hinderer, T., Hoak, D., Hofman, D., Holt, K., Holz, D. E., Hopkins, P., Horst, C., Hough, J., Houston, E. A., Howell, E. J., Hreibi, A., Hu, Y. M., Huerta, E. A., Huet, D., Hughey, B., Husa, S., Huttner, S. H., Huynh-Dinh, T., Indik, N., Inta, R., Intini, G., Isa, H. N., Isac, J. -M., Isi, M., Iyer, B. R., Izumi, K., Jacqmin, T., Jani, K., Jaranowski, P., Jawahar, S., Jiménez-Forteza, F., Johnson, W. W., Jones, D. I., Jones, R., Jonker, R. J. G., Ju, L., Junker, J., Kalaghatgi, C. V., Kalogera, V., Kamai, B., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J. B., Kapadia, S. J., Karki, S., Karvinen, K. S., Kasprzack, M., Katolik, M., Katsavounidis, E., Katzman, W., Kaufer, S., Kawabe, K., Kéfélian, F., Keitel, D., Kemball, A. J., Kennedy, R., Kent, C., Key, J. S., Khalili, F. Y., Khan, I., Khan, S., Khan, Z., Khazanov, E. A., Kijbunchoo, N., Kim, Chunglee, Kim, J. C., Kim, K., Kim, W., Kim, W. S., Kim, Y. -M., Kimbrell, S. J., King, E. J., King, P. J., Kinley-Hanlon, M., Kirchhoff, R., Kissel, J. S., Kleybolte, L., Klimenko, S., Knowles, T. D., Koch, P., Koehlenbeck, S. M., Koley, S., Kondrashov, V., Kontos, A., Korobko, M., Korth, W. Z., Kowalska, I., Kozak, D. B., Krämer, C., Kringel, V., Krishnan, B., Królak, A., Kuehn, G., Kumar, P., Kumar, R., Kumar, S., Kuo, L., Kutynia, A., Kwang, S., Lackey, B. D., Lai, K. H., Landry, M., Lang, R. N., Lange, J., Lantz, B., Lanza, R. K., Lartaux-Vollard, A., Lasky, P. D., Laxen, M., Lazzarini, A., Lazzaro, C., Leaci, P., Leavey, S., Lee, C. H., Lee, H. K., Lee, H. M., Lee, H. 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Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The detection of GW170817 in both gravitational waves and electromagnetic waves heralds the age of gravitational-wave multi-messenger astronomy. On 17 August 2017 the Advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors observed GW170817, a strong signal from the merger of a binary neutron-star system. Less than 2 seconds after the merger, a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) was detected within a region of the sky consistent with the LIGO-Virgo-derived location of the gravitational-wave source. This sky region was subsequently observed by optical astronomy facilities, resulting in the identification of an optical transient signal within $\sim 10$ arcsec of the galaxy NGC 4993. These multi-messenger observations allow us to use GW170817 as a standard siren, the gravitational-wave analog of an astronomical standard candle, to measure the Hubble constant. This quantity, which represents the local expansion rate of the Universe, sets the overall scale of the Universe and is of fundamental importance to cosmology. Our measurement combines the distance to the source inferred purely from the gravitational-wave signal with the recession velocity inferred from measurements of the redshift using electromagnetic data. This approach does not require any form of cosmic "distance ladder;" the gravitational wave analysis can be used to estimate the luminosity distance out to cosmological scales directly, without the use of intermediate astronomical distance measurements. We determine the Hubble constant to be $70.0^{+12.0}_{-8.0} \, \mathrm{km} \, \mathrm{s}^{-1} \, \mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$ (maximum a posteriori and 68% credible interval). This is consistent with existing measurements, while being completely independent of them. Additional standard-siren measurements from future gravitational-wave sources will provide precision constraints of this important cosmological parameter., Comment: 26 pages, 5 figures, Nature in press. For more information see https://dcc.ligo.org/LIGO-P1700296/public

Published
2017
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84. The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/VIRGO GW170817. II. UV, Optical, and Near-IR Light Curves and Comparison to Kilonova Models

Author

Cowperthwaite, P. S., Berger, E., Villar, V. A., Metzger, B. D., Nicholl, M., Chornock, R., Blanchard, P. K., Fong, W., Margutti, R., Soares-Santos, M., Alexander, K. D., Allam, S., Annis, J., Brout, D., Brown, D. A., Butler, R. E., Chen, H. -Y., Diehl, H. T., Doctor, Z., Drout, M. R., Eftekhari, T., Farr, B., Finley, D. A., Foley, R. J., Frieman, J. A., Fryer, C. L., García-Bellido, J., Gill, M. S. S., Guillochon, J., Herner, K., Holz, D. E., Kasen, D., Kessler, R., Marriner, J., Matheson, T., Neilsen, Jr., E. H., Quataert, E., Palmese, A., Rest, A., Sako, M., Scolnic, D. M., Smith, N., Tucker, D. L., Williams, P. K. G., Balbinot, E., Carlin, J. L., Cook, E. R., Durret, F., Li, T. S., Lopes, P. A. A., Lourenço, A. C. C., Marshall, J. L., Medina, G. E., Muir, J., Muñoz, R. R., Sauseda, M., Schlegel, D. J., Secco, L. F., Vivas, A. K., Wester, W., Zenteno, A., Zhang, Y., Abbott, T. M. C., Banerji, M., Bechtol, K., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bertin, E., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Capozzi, D., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Castander, F. J., Crocce, M., Cunha, C. E., D'Andrea, C. B., da Costa, L. N., Davis, C., DePoy, D. L., Desai, S., Dietrich, J. P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Eifler, T. F., Evrard, A. E., Fernandez, E., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Giannantonio, T., Goldstein, D. A., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Honscheid, K., Jain, B., James, D. J., Jeltema, T., Johnson, M. W. G., Johnson, M. D., Kent, S., Krause, E., Kron, R., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lima, M., Lin, H., Maia, M. A. G., March, M., Martini, P., McMahon, R. G., Menanteau, F., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Mohr, J. J., Neilsen, E., Nichol, R. C., Ogando, R. L. C., Plazas, A. A., Roe, N., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Rykoff, E. S., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Smith, R. C., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Thomas, R. C., Troxel, M. A., Vikram, V., Walker, A. R., Wechsler, R. H., Weller, J., Yanny, B., and Zuntz, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present UV, optical, and NIR photometry of the first electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational wave source from Advanced LIGO/Virgo, the binary neutron star merger GW170817. Our data set extends from the discovery of the optical counterpart at $0.47$ days to $18.5$ days post-merger, and includes observations with the Dark Energy Camera (DECam), Gemini-South/FLAMINGOS-2 (GS/F2), and the {\it Hubble Space Telescope} ({\it HST}). The spectral energy distribution (SED) inferred from this photometry at $0.6$ days is well described by a blackbody model with $T\approx 8300$ K, a radius of $R\approx 4.5\times 10^{14}$ cm (corresponding to an expansion velocity of $v\approx 0.3c$), and a bolometric luminosity of $L_{\rm bol}\approx 5\times10^{41}$ erg s$^{-1}$. At $1.5$ days we find a multi-component SED across the optical and NIR, and subsequently we observe rapid fading in the UV and blue optical bands and significant reddening of the optical/NIR colors. Modeling the entire data set we find that models with heating from radioactive decay of $^{56}$Ni, or those with only a single component of opacity from $r$-process elements, fail to capture the rapid optical decline and red optical/NIR colors. Instead, models with two components consistent with lanthanide-poor and lanthanide-rich ejecta provide a good fit to the data, the resulting "blue" component has $M_\mathrm{ej}^\mathrm{blue}\approx 0.01$ M$_\odot$ and $v_\mathrm{ej}^\mathrm{blue}\approx 0.3$c, and the "red" component has $M_\mathrm{ej}^\mathrm{red}\approx 0.04$ M$_\odot$ and $v_\mathrm{ej}^\mathrm{red}\approx 0.1$c. These ejecta masses are broadly consistent with the estimated $r$-process production rate required to explain the Milky Way $r$-process abundances, providing the first evidence that BNS mergers can be a dominant site of $r$-process enrichment., Comment: 13 Pages, 3 Figures, 2 Tables. ApJL, In Press. Keywords: GW170817, LVC

Published
2017
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85. The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/VIRGO GW170817. III. Optical and UV Spectra of a Blue Kilonova From Fast Polar Ejecta

Author

Nicholl, M., Berger, E., Kasen, D., Metzger, B. D., Elias, J., Briceno, C., Alexander, K. D., Blanchard, P. K., Chornock, R., Cowperthwaite, P. S., Eftekhari, T., Fong, W., Margutti, R., Villar, V. A., Williams, P. K. G., Brown, W., Annis, J., Bahramian, A., Brout, D., Brown, D. A., Chen, H. -Y., Clemens, J. C., Dennihy, E., Dunlap, B., Holz, D. E., Marchesini, E., Massaro, F., Moskowitz, N., Pelisoli, I., Rest, A., Ricci, F., Sako, M., Soares-Santos, M., and Strader, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We present optical and ultraviolet spectra of the first electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational wave (GW) source, the binary neutron star merger GW170817. Spectra were obtained nightly between 1.5 and 9.5 days post-merger, using the SOAR and Magellan telescopes; the UV spectrum was obtained with the \textit{Hubble Space Telescope} at 5.5 days. Our data reveal a rapidly-fading blue component ($T\approx5500$ K at 1.5 days) that quickly reddens; spectra later than $\gtrsim 4.5$ days peak beyond the optical regime. The spectra are mostly featureless, although we identify a possible weak emission line at $\sim 7900$ \AA\ at $t\lesssim 4.5$ days. The colours, rapid evolution and featureless spectrum are consistent with a "blue" kilonova from polar ejecta comprised mainly of light $r$-process nuclei with atomic mass number $A\lesssim 140$. This indicates a sight-line within $\theta_{\rm obs}\lesssim 45^{\circ}$ of the orbital axis. Comparison to models suggests $\sim0.03$ M$_\odot$ of blue ejecta, with a velocity of $\sim 0.3c$. The required lanthanide fraction is $\sim 10^{-4}$, but this drops to $<10^{-5}$ in the outermost ejecta. The large velocities point to a dynamical origin, rather than a disk wind, for this blue component, suggesting that both binary constituents are neutron stars (as opposed to a binary consisting of a neutron star and a black hole). For dynamical ejecta, the high mass favors a small neutron star radius of $\lesssim 12$ km. This mass also supports the idea that neutron star mergers are a major contributor to $r$-process nucleosynthesis., Comment: ApJL, in press (GW170817, LVC)

Published
2017
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86. The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. I. Dark Energy Camera Discovery of the Optical Counterpart

Author

Soares-Santos, M., Holz, D. E., Annis, J., Chornock, R., Herner, K., Berger, E., Brout, D., Chen, H., Kessler, R., Sako, M., Allam, S., Tucker, D. L., Butler, R. E., Palmese, A., Doctor, Z., Diehl, H. T., Frieman, J., Yanny, B., Lin, H., Scolnic, D., Cowperthwaite, P., Neilsen, E., Marriner, J., Kuropatkin, N., Hartley, W. G., Paz-Chinchón, F., Alexander, K. D., Balbinot, E., Blanchard, P., Brown, D. A., Carlin, J. L., Conselice, C., Cook, E. R., Drlica-Wagner, A., Drout, M. R., Durret, F., Eftekhari, T., Farr, B., Finley, D. A., Foley, R. J., Fong, W., Fryer, C. L., García-Bellido, J., Gill, M. S . S., Gruendl, R. A., Hanna, C., Kasen, D., Li, T. S., Lopes, P. A. A., Lourenço, A. C. C., Margutti, R., Marshall, J. L., Matheson, T., Medina, G. E., Metzger, B. D., Muñoz, R. R., Muir, J., Nicholl, M., Quataert, E., Rest, A., Sauseda, M., Schlegel, D. J., Secco, L. F., Sobreira, F., Stebbins, A., Villar, V. A., Walker, A. R., Wester, W., Williams, P. K. G., Zenteno, A., Zhang, Y., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Banerji, M., Bechtol, K., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Crocce, M., Cunha, C. E., D'Andrea, C. B., da Costa, L. N., Davis, C., Desai, S., Dietrich, J. P., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Fernandez, E., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Giannantonio, T., Goldstein, D. A., Gruen, D., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Honscheid, K., Jain, B., James, D. J., Jeltema, T., Johnson, M. W. G., Johnson, M. D., Kent, S., Krause, E., Kron, R., Kuehn, K., Kuhlmann, S., Lahav, O., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., March, M., McMahon, R. G., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Mohr, J. J., Nichol, R. C., Nord, B., Ogando, R. L. C., Petravick, D., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Rykoff, E. S., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Smith, R. C., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Thomas, R. C., Troxel, M. A., Vikram, V., Wechsler, R. H., and Weller, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) discovery of the optical counterpart of the first binary neutron star merger detected through gravitational wave emission, GW170817. Our observations commenced 10.5 hours post-merger, as soon as the localization region became accessible from Chile. We imaged 70 deg$^2$ in the $i$ and $z$ bands, covering 93\% of the initial integrated localization probability, to a depth necessary to identify likely optical counterparts (e.g., a kilonova). At 11.4 hours post-merger we detected a bright optical transient located $10.6''$ from the nucleus of NGC\,4993 at redshift $z=0.0098$, consistent (for $H_0 = 70$\, km s$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-1}$) with the distance of $40 \pm 8$\, Mpc reported by the LIGO Scientific Collaboration and the Virgo Collaboration (LVC). At detection the transient had magnitudes $i\approx 17.30$ and $z\approx 17.45$, and thus an absolute magnitude of $M_i = -15.7$, in the luminosity range expected for a kilonova. We identified 1,500 potential transient candidates. Applying simple selection criteria aimed at rejecting background events such as supernovae, we find the transient associated with NGC\,4993 as the only remaining plausible counterpart, and reject chance coincidence at the 99.5\% confidence level. We therefore conclude that the optical counterpart we have identified near NGC\,4993 is associated with GW170817. This discovery ushers in the era of multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves, and demonstrates the power of DECam to identify the optical counterparts of gravitational-wave sources., Comment: 9 Pages, 3 Figures, 2 Tables. ApJL, In Press. Keywords: GW170817, LVC

Published
2017
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87. The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/VIRGO GW170817. VII. Properties of the Host Galaxy and Constraints on the Merger Timescale

Author

Blanchard, P. K., Berger, E., Fong, W., Nicholl, M., Leja, J., Conroy, C., Alexander, K. D., Margutti, R., Williams, P. K. G., Doctor, Z., Chornock, R., Villar, V. A., Cowperthwaite, P. S., Annis, J., Brout, D., Brown, D. A., Chen, H. -Y., Eftekhari, T., Frieman, J. A., Holz, D. E., Metzger, B. D., Rest, A., Sako, M., and Soares-Santos, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present the properties of NGC 4993, the host galaxy of GW170817, the first gravitational wave (GW) event from the merger of a binary neutron star (BNS) system and the first with an electromagnetic (EM) counterpart. We use both archival photometry and new optical/near-IR imaging and spectroscopy, together with stellar population synthesis models to infer the global properties of the host galaxy. We infer a star formation history peaked at $\gtrsim 10$ Gyr ago, with subsequent exponential decline leading to a low current star formation rate of 0.01 M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$, which we convert into a binary merger timescale probability distribution. We find a median merger timescale of $11.2^{+0.7}_{-1.4}$ Gyr, with a 90% confidence range of $6.8-13.6$ Gyr. This in turn indicates an initial binary separation of $\approx 4.5$ R$_{\odot}$, comparable to the inferred values for Galactic BNS systems. We also use new and archival $Hubble$ $Space$ $Telescope$ images to measure a projected offset of the optical counterpart of $2.1$ kpc (0.64$r_{e}$) from the center of NGC 4993 and to place a limit of $M_{r} \gtrsim -7.2$ mag on any pre-existing emission, which rules out the brighter half of the globular cluster luminosity function. Finally, the age and offset of the system indicates it experienced a modest natal kick with an upper limit of $\sim 200$ km s$^{-1}$. Future GW$-$EM observations of BNS mergers will enable measurement of their population delay time distribution, which will directly inform their viability as the dominant source of $r$-process enrichment in the Universe., Comment: 9 Pages, 3 Figures, 2 Tables, ApJL, In Press. Keywords: GW170817, LVC

Published
2017
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88. The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/VIRGO GW170817. V. Rising X-ray Emission from an Off-Axis Jet

Author

Margutti, Raffaella, Berger, E., Fong, W., Guidorzi, C., Alexander, K. D., Metzger, B. D., Blanchard, P. K., Cowperthwaite, P. S., Chornock, R., Efterkari, T., Nicholl, M., Villar, V. A., Williams, P. K. G., Annis, J., Brown, D. A., Chen, H. Y., Doctor, Z., Frieman, J. A., Holz, D. E., Sako, M., and Soares-Santos, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We report the discovery of rising X-ray emission from the binary neutron star (BNS) merger event GW170817. This is the first detection of X-ray emission from a gravitational-wave source. Observations acquired with the Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO) at t~2.3 days post merger reveal no significant emission, with L_x<=3.2x10^38 erg/s (isotropic-equivalent). Continued monitoring revealed the presence of an X-ray source that brightened with time, reaching L_x\sim 9x10^39 erg/s at ~15.1 days post merger. We interpret these findings in the context of isotropic and collimated relativistic outflows (both on- and off-axis). We find that the broad-band X-ray to radio observations are consistent with emission from a relativistic jet with kinetic energy E_k~10^49-10^50 erg, viewed off-axis with theta_obs~ 20-40 deg. Our models favor a circumbinary density n~ 0.0001-0.01 cm-3, depending on the value of the microphysical parameter epsilon_B=10^{-4}-10^{-2}. A central-engine origin of the X-ray emission is unlikely. Future X-ray observations at $t\gtrsim 100$ days, when the target will be observable again with the CXO, will provide additional constraints to solve the model degeneracies and test our predictions. Our inferences on theta_obs are testable with gravitational wave information on GW170817 from Advanced LIGO/Virgo on the binary inclination., Comment: 7 Pages, 4 Figures, ApJL, In Press. Keywords: GW170817, LVC

Published
2017
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89. The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/VIRGO GW170817. VI. Radio Constraints on a Relativistic Jet and Predictions for Late-Time Emission from the Kilonova Ejecta

Author

Alexander, K. D., Berger, E., Fong, W., Williams, P. K. G., Guidorzi, C., Margutti, R., Metzger, B. D., Annis, J., Blanchard, P. K., Brout, D., Brown, D. A., Chen, H. -Y., Chornock, R., Cowperthwaite, P. S., Drout, M., Eftekhari, T., Frieman, J., Holz, D. E., Nicholl, M., Rest, A., Sako, M., Soares-Santos, M., and Villar, V. A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present Very Large Array (VLA) and Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array ALMA radio observations of GW\,170817, the first Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO)/Virgo gravitational wave (GW) event from a binary neutron star merger and the first GW event with an electromagnetic (EM) counterpart. Our data include the first observations following the discovery of the optical transient at both the centimeter ($13.7$ hours post merger) and millimeter ($2.41$ days post merger) bands. We detect faint emission at 6 GHz at 19.47 and 39.23 days after the merger, but not in an earlier observation at 2.46 d. We do not detect cm/mm emission at the position of the optical counterpart at frequencies of 10-97.5 GHz at times ranging from 0.6 to 30 days post merger, ruling out an on-axis short gamma-ray burst (SGRB) for energies $\gtrsim 10^{48}$ erg. For fiducial SGRB parameters, our limits require an observer viewer angle of $\gtrsim 20^{\circ}$. The radio and X-ray data can be jointly explained as the afterglow emission from an SGRB with a jet energy of $\sim 10^{49}-10^{50}$ erg that exploded in a uniform density environment with $n\sim 10^{-4}-10^{-2}$ cm$^{-3}$, viewed at an angle of $\sim 20^{\circ}-40^{\circ}$ from the jet axis. Using the results of our light curve and spectral modeling, in conjunction with the inference of the circumbinary density, we predict the emergence of late-time radio emission from the deceleration of the kilonova (KN) ejecta on a timescale of $\sim 5-10$ years that will remain detectable for decades with next-generation radio facilities, making GW\,170817 a compelling target for long-term radio monitoring., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. ApJL, in press. Keywords: GW170817, LVC

Published
2017
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90. The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/VIRGO GW170817. IV. Detection of Near-infrared Signatures of r-process Nucleosynthesis with Gemini-South

Author

Chornock, R., Berger, E., Kasen, D., Cowperthwaite, P. S., Nicholl, M., Villar, V. A., Alexander, K. D., Blanchard, P. K., Eftekhari, T., Fong, W., Margutti, R., Williams, P. K. G., Annis, J., Brout, D., Brown, D. A., Chen, H. -Y., Drout, M. R., Foley, R. J., Frieman, J. A., Fryer, C. L., Holz, D. E., Matheson, T., Metzger, B. D., Quataert, E., Rest, A., Sako, M., Scolnic, D. M., Smith, N., and Soares-Santos, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We present a near-infrared spectral sequence of the electromagnetic counterpart to the binary neutron star merger GW170817 detected by Advanced LIGO/Virgo. Our dataset comprises seven epochs of J+H spectra taken with FLAMINGOS-2 on Gemini-South between 1.5 and 10.5 days after the merger. In the initial epoch, the spectrum is dominated by a smooth blue continuum due to a high-velocity, lanthanide-poor blue kilonova component. Starting the following night, all subsequent spectra instead show features that are similar to those predicted in model spectra of material with a high concentration of lanthanides, including spectral peaks near 1.07 and 1.55 microns. Our fiducial model with 0.04 M_sun of ejecta, an ejection velocity of v=0.1c, and a lanthanide concentration of X_lan=1e-2 provides a good match to the spectra taken in the first five days, although it over-predicts the late-time fluxes. We also explore models with multiple fitting components, in each case finding that a significant abundance of lanthanide elements is necessary to match the broad spectral peaks that we observe starting at 2.5 d after the merger. These data provide direct evidence that binary neutron star mergers are significant production sites of even the heaviest r-process elements., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, ApJL, in press

Published
2017
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91. The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/VIRGO GW170817. VIII. A Comparison to Cosmological Short-duration Gamma-ray Bursts

Author

Fong, W., Berger, E., Blanchard, P. K., Margutti, R., Cowperthwaite, P. S., Chornock, R., Alexander, K. D., Metzger, B. D., Villar, V. A., Nicholl, M., Eftekhari, T., Williams, P. K. G., Annis, J., Brout, D., Brown, D. A., Chen, H. -Y., Doctor, Z., Diehl, H. T., Holz, D. E., Rest, A., Sako, M., and Soares-Santos, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present a comprehensive comparison of the properties of the radio through X-ray counterpart of GW170817 and the properties of short-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). For this effort, we utilize a sample of 36 short GRBs spanning a redshift range of $z \approx 0.12-2.6$ discovered over 2004-2017. We find that the counterpart to GW170817 has an isotropic-equivalent luminosity that is $\approx 3000$ times less than the median value of on-axis short GRB X-ray afterglows, and $\gtrsim10^{4}$ times less than that for detected short GRB radio afterglows. Moreover, the allowed jet energies and particle densities inferred from the radio and X-ray counterparts to GW170817 and on-axis short GRB afterglows are remarkably similar, suggesting that viewing angle effects are the dominant, and perhaps only, difference in their observed radio and X-ray behavior. From comparison to previous claimed kilonovae following short GRBs, we find that the optical and near-IR counterpart to GW170817 is comparatively under-luminous by a factor of $\approx 3-5$, indicating a range of kilonova luminosities and timescales. A comparison of the optical limits following short GRBs on $\lesssim 1$ day timescales also rules out a "blue" kilonova of comparable optical isotropic-equivalent luminosity in one previous short GRB. Finally, we investigate the host galaxy of GW170817, NGC4993, in the context of short GRB host galaxy stellar population properties. We find that NGC4993 is superlative in terms of its large luminosity, old stellar population age, and low star formation rate compared to previous short GRB hosts. Additional events within the Advanced LIGO/VIRGO volume will be crucial in delineating the properties of the host galaxies of NS-NS mergers, and connecting them to their cosmological counterparts., Comment: 11 Pages, 4 Figures, 1 Table. ApJL, In Press. Keywords: GW170817, LVC

Published
2017
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92. How Many Kilonovae Can Be Found in Past, Present, and Future Survey Datasets?

Author

Scolnic, D., Kessler, R., Brout, D., Cowperthwaite, P. S., Soares-Santos, M., Annis, J., Herner, K., Chen, H. -Y., Sako, M., Doctor, Z., Butler, R. E., Palmese, A., Diehl, H. T., Frieman, J., Holz, D. E., Berger, E., Chornock, R., Villar, V. A., Nicholl, M., Biswas, R., Hounsell, R., Foley, R. J., Metzger, J., Rest, A., García-Bellido, J., Möller, A., Nugent, P., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Bechtol, K., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Cunha, C. E., D'Andrea, C. B., da Costa, L. N., Davis, C., Doel, P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Eifler, T. F., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hartley, W. G., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Johnson, M. W. G., Johnson, M. D., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Kuhlmann, S., Lahav, O., Li, T. S., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., March, M., Marshall, J. L., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Neilsen, E., Plazas, A. A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Smith, R. C., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, R. C., Tucker, D. L., Walker, A. R., and Collaboration, DES

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The discovery of a kilonova (KN) associated with the Advanced LIGO (aLIGO)/Virgo event GW170817 opens up new avenues of multi-messenger astrophysics. Here, using realistic simulations, we provide estimates of the number of KNe that could be found in data from past, present and future surveys without a gravitational-wave trigger. For the simulation, we construct a spectral time-series model based on the DES-GW multi-band light-curve from the single known KN event, and we use an average of BNS rates from past studies of $10^3 \rm{Gpc}^{-3}/\rm{year}$, consistent with the $1$ event found so far. Examining past and current datasets from transient surveys, the number of KNe we expect to find for ASAS-SN, SDSS, PS1, SNLS, DES, and SMT is between 0 and $0.3$. We predict the number of detections per future survey to be: 8.3 from ATLAS, 10.6 from ZTF, 5.5/69 from LSST (the Deep Drilling / Wide Fast Deep), and 16.0 from WFIRST. The maximum redshift of KNe discovered for each survey is z = 0.8 for WFIRST, z = 0.25 for LSST and z = 0.04 for ZTF and ATLAS. For the LSST survey, we also provide contamination estimates from Type Ia and Core-collapse supernovae: after light-curve and template-matching requirements, we estimate a background of just 2 events. More broadly, we stress that future transient surveys should consider how to optimize their search strategies to improve their detection efficiency, and to consider similar analyses for GW follow-up programs., Comment: Submitted to ApJL

Published
2017
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93. Superluminous supernovae from the Dark Energy Survey

Author

Angus, CR, Smith, M, Sullivan, M, Inserra, C, Wiseman, P, D’Andrea, CB, Thomas, BP, Nichol, RC, Galbany, L, Childress, M, Asorey, J, Brown, PJ, Casas, R, Castander, FJ, Curtin, C, Frohmaier, C, Glazebrook, K, Gruen, D, Gutierrez, C, Kessler, R, Kim, AG, Lidman, C, Macaulay, E, Nugent, P, Pursiainen, M, Sako, M, Soares-Santos, M, Thomas, RC, Abbott, TMC, Avila, S, Bertin, E, Brooks, D, Buckley-Geer, E, Burke, DL, Rosell, A Carnero, Carretero, J, da Costa, LN, De Vicente, J, Desai, S, Diehl, HT, Doel, P, Eifler, TF, Flaugher, B, Fosalba, P, Frieman, J, García-Bellido, J, Gruendl, RA, Gschwend, J, Hartley, WG, Hollowood, DL, Honscheid, K, Hoyle, B, James, DJ, Kuehn, K, Kuropatkin, N, Lahav, O, Lima, M, Maia, MAG, March, M, Marshall, JL, Menanteau, F, Miller, CJ, Miquel, R, Ogando, RLC, Plazas, AA, Romer, AK, Sanchez, E, Schindler, R, Schubnell, M, Sobreira, F, Suchyta, E, Swanson, MEC, Tarle, G, Thomas, D, and Tucker, DL

Subjects
Astronomical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Affordable and Clean Energy, supernovae: general, astro-ph.HE, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics, Space sciences
Abstract

We present a sample of 21 hydrogen-free superluminous supernovae (SLSNe-I) and one hydrogen-rich SLSN (SLSN-II) detected during the five-year Dark Energy Survey (DES). These SNe, located in the redshift range 0.220 < z < 1.998, represent the largest homogeneously selected sample of SLSN events at high redshift. We present the observed g, r, i, z light curves for these SNe, which we interpolate using Gaussian processes. The resulting light curves are analysed to determine the luminosity function of SLSNe-I, and their evolutionary timescales. The DES SLSN-I sample significantly broadens the distribution of SLSN-I light-curve properties when combined with existing samples from the literature. We fit a magnetar model to our SLSNe, and find that this model alone is unable to replicate the behaviour of many of the bolometric light curves. We search the DES SLSN-I light curves for the presence of initial peaks prior to the main light-curve peak. Using a shock breakout model, our Monte Carlo search finds that 3 of our 14 events with pre-max data display such initial peaks. However, 10 events show no evidence for such peaks, in some cases down to an absolute magnitude of

Published
2019

94. First cosmological results using Type Ia supernovae from the Dark Energy Survey: measurement of the Hubble constant

Author

Macaulay, E, Nichol, RC, Bacon, D, Brout, D, Davis, TM, Zhang, B, Bassett, BA, Scolnic, D, Möller, A, D’Andrea, CB, Hinton, SR, Kessler, R, Kim, AG, Lasker, J, Lidman, C, Sako, M, Smith, M, Sullivan, M, Abbott, TMC, Allam, S, Annis, J, Asorey, J, Avila, S, Bechtol, K, Brooks, D, Brown, P, Burke, DL, Calcino, J, Rosell, A Carnero, Carollo, D, Kind, M Carrasco, Carretero, J, Castander, FJ, Collett, T, Crocce, M, Cunha, CE, da Costa, LN, Davis, C, De Vicente, J, Diehl, HT, Doel, P, Drlica-Wagner, A, Eifler, TF, Estrada, J, Evrard, AE, Filippenko, AV, Finley, DA, Flaugher, B, Foley, RJ, Fosalba, P, Frieman, J, Galbany, L, García-Bellido, J, Gaztanaga, E, Glazebrook, K, González-Gaitán, S, Gruen, D, Gruendl, RA, Gschwend, J, Gutierrez, G, Hartley, WG, Hollowood, DL, Honscheid, K, Hoormann, JK, Hoyle, B, Huterer, D, Jain, B, James, DJ, Jeltema, T, Kasai, E, Krause, E, Kuehn, K, Kuropatkin, N, Lahav, O, Lewis, GF, Li, TS, Lima, M, Lin, H, Maia, MAG, Marshall, JL, Martini, P, Miquel, R, Nugent, P, Palmese, A, Pan, Y-C, Plazas, AA, Romer, AK, Roodman, A, Sanchez, E, Scarpine, V, Schindler, R, Schubnell, M, Serrano, S, Sevilla-Noarbe, I, Sharp, R, Soares-Santos, M, Sobreira, F, Sommer, NE, Suchyta, E, and Swann, E

Subjects
Astronomical Sciences, Physical Sciences, cosmological parameters, cosmology: observations, distance scale, astro-ph.CO, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics, Space sciences
Abstract

We present an improved measurement of the Hubble constant (H0) using the 'inverse distance ladder' method, which adds the information from 207 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) at redshift 0.018

Published
2019

95. First cosmology results using Type IA supernovae from the dark energy survey: effects of chromatic corrections to supernova photometry on measurements of cosmological parameters

Author

Lasker, J, Kessler, R, Scolnic, D, Brout, D, Burke, DL, D’Andrea, CB, Davis, TM, Hinton, SR, Kim, AG, Li, TS, Lidman, C, Macaulay, E, Möller, A, Rykoff, ES, Sako, M, Smith, M, Sullivan, M, Swann, E, Tucker, BE, Wester, W, Bassett, BA, Abbott, TMC, Allam, S, Annis, J, Avila, S, Bechtol, K, Bertin, E, Brooks, D, Rosell, A Carnero, Kind, M Carrasco, Carretero, J, Castander, FJ, Calcino, J, Carollo, D, da Costa, LN, Davis, C, De Vicente, J, Diehl, HT, Doel, P, Drlica-Wagner, A, Flaugher, B, Frieman, J, García-Bellido, J, Gaztanaga, E, Gruen, D, Gruendl, RA, Gschwend, J, Gutierrez, G, Hollowood, DL, Honscheid, K, Hoormann, JK, James, DJ, Kent, S, Krause, E, Kron, R, Kuehn, K, Kuropatkin, N, Lima, M, Maia, MAG, Marshall, JL, Martini, P, Menanteau, F, Miller, CJ, Miquel, R, Plazas, AA, Sanchez, E, Scarpine, V, Sevilla-Noarbe, I, Smith, RC, Soares-Santos, M, Sobreira, F, Suchyta, E, Swanson, MEC, Tarle, G, Tucker, DL, and Walker, AR

Subjects
Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics, Space sciences
Abstract

Calibration uncertainties have been the leading systematic uncertainty in recent analyses using Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) to measure cosmological parameters. To improve the calibration, we present the application of spectral energy distribution-dependent 'chromatic corrections' to the SN light-curve photometry from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). These corrections depend on the combined atmospheric and instrumental transmission function for each exposure, and they affect photometry at the 0.01 mag (1 per cent) level, comparable to systematic uncertainties in calibration and photometry. Fitting our combined DES and low-z SN Ia sample with baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) and cosmic microwave background (CMB) priors for the cosmological parameters m (the fraction of the critical density of the universe comprised of matter) and w (the dark energy equation of state parameter), we compare those parameters before and after applying the corrections. We find the change in w and m due to not including chromatic corrections is −0.002 and 0.000, respectively, for the DES-SN3YR sample with BAO and CMB priors, consistent with a larger DES-SN3YR-like simulation, which has a w-change of 0.0005 with an uncertainty of 0.008 and an m change of 0.000 with an uncertainty of 0.002. However, when considering samples on individual CCDs we find large redshift-dependent biases (∼0.02 in distance modulus) for SN distances.

Published
2019

96. Steve: A Hierarchical Bayesian Model for Supernova Cosmology

Author

Hinton, SR, Davis, TM, Kim, AG, Brout, D, D’Andrea, CB, Kessler, R, Lasker, J, Lidman, C, Macaulay, E, Möller, A, Sako, M, Scolnic, D, Smith, M, Wolf, RC, Childress, M, Morganson, E, Allam, S, Annis, J, Avila, S, Bertin, E, Brooks, D, Burke, DL, Rosell, A Carnero, Kind, M Carrasco, Carretero, J, Cunha, CE, da Costa, LN, Davis, C, De Vicente, J, DePoy, DL, Doel, P, Eifler, TF, Flaugher, B, Fosalba, P, Frieman, J, García-Bellido, J, Gaztanaga, E, Gerdes, DW, Gruendl, RA, Gschwend, J, Gutierrez, G, Hartley, WG, Hollowood, DL, Honscheid, K, Krause, E, Kuehn, K, Kuropatkin, N, Lahav, O, Lima, M, Maia, MAG, March, M, Marshall, JL, Menanteau, F, Miquel, R, Ogando, RLC, Plazas, AA, Sanchez, E, Scarpine, V, Schindler, R, Schubnell, M, Serrano, S, Sevilla-Noarbe, I, Soares-Santos, M, Sobreira, F, Suchyta, E, Tarle, G, Thomas, D, Vikram, V, and Zhang, Y

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Physical Sciences, Affordable and Clean Energy, dark energy, methods: data analysis, astro-ph.CO, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics, Space sciences
Abstract

We present a new Bayesian hierarchical model (BHM) named Steve for performing Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) cosmology fits. This advances previous works by including an improved treatment of Malmquist bias, accounting for additional sources of systematic uncertainty, and increasing numerical efficiency. Given light-curve fit parameters, redshifts, and host-galaxy masses, we fit Steve simultaneously for parameters describing cosmology, SN Ia populations, and systematic uncertainties. Selection effects are characterized using Monte Carlo simulations. We demonstrate its implementation by fitting realizations of SN Ia data sets where the SN Ia model closely follows that used in Steve. Next, we validate on more realistic SNANA simulations of SN Ia samples from the Dark Energy Survey and low-redshift surveys (DES Collaboration et al. 2018). These simulated data sets contain more than 60,000 SNe Ia, which we use to evaluate biases in the recovery of cosmological parameters, specifically the equation of state of dark energy, w. This is the most rigorous test of a BHM method applied to SN Ia cosmology fitting and reveals small w biases that depend on the simulated SN Ia properties, in particular the intrinsic SN Ia scatter model. This w bias is less than 0.03 on average, less than half the statistical uncertainty on w. These simulation test results are a concern for BHM cosmology fitting applications on large upcoming surveys; therefore, future development will focus on minimizing the sensitivity of Steve to the SN Ia intrinsic scatter model.

Published
2019

97. First Measurement of the Hubble Constant from a Dark Standard Siren using the Dark Energy Survey Galaxies and the LIGO/Virgo Binary–Black-hole Merger GW170814

Author

Soares-Santos, M, Palmese, A, Hartley, W, Annis, J, Garcia-Bellido, J, Lahav, O, Doctor, Z, Fishbach, M, Holz, DE, Lin, H, Pereira, MES, Garcia, A, Herner, K, Kessler, R, Peiris, HV, Sako, M, Allam, S, Brout, D, Rosell, A Carnero, Chen, HY, Conselice, C, deRose, J, deVicente, J, Diehl, HT, Gill, MSS, Gschwend, J, Sevilla-Noarbe, I, Tucker, DL, Wechsler, R, Berger, E, Cowperthwaite, PS, Metzger, BD, Williams, PKG, Abbott, TMC, Abdalla, FB, Avila, S, Bechtol, K, Bertin, E, Brooks, D, Buckley-Geer, E, Burke, DL, Kind, M Carrasco, Carretero, J, Castander, FJ, Crocce, M, Cunha, CE, D’Andrea, CB, da Costa, LN, Davis, C, Desai, S, Doel, P, Drlica-Wagner, A, Eifler, TF, Evrard, AE, Flaugher, B, Fosalba, P, Frieman, J, Gaztanaga, E, Gerdes, DW, Gruen, D, Gruendl, RA, Gutierrez, G, Hollowood, DL, Hoyle, B, James, DJ, Jeltema, T, Kuehn, K, Kuropatkin, N, Li, TS, Lima, M, Maia, MAG, Marshall, JL, Menanteau, F, Miquel, R, Neilsen, E, Ogando, RLC, Plazas, AA, Romer, AK, Roodman, A, Sanchez, E, Scarpine, V, Schindler, R, Schubnell, M, Serrano, S, Smith, M, Smith, RC, Sobreira, F, Suchyta, E, Swanson, MEC, Tarle, G, Thomas, RC, Walker, AR, Wester, W, Zuntz, J, Abbott, BP, Abbott, R, Abbott, TD, Abraham, S, Acernese, F, and Ackley, K

Subjects
Astronomical Sciences, Physical Sciences, catalogs, cosmology: observations, gravitational waves, surveys, astro-ph.CO, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Space sciences
Abstract

We present a multi-messenger measurement of the Hubble constant H 0 using the binary-black-hole merger GW170814 as a standard siren, combined with a photometric redshift catalog from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). The luminosity distance is obtained from the gravitational wave signal detected by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO)/Virgo Collaboration (LVC) on 2017 August 14, and the redshift information is provided by the DES Year 3 data. Black hole mergers such as GW170814 are expected to lack bright electromagnetic emission to uniquely identify their host galaxies and build an object-by-object Hubble diagram. However, they are suitable for a statistical measurement, provided that a galaxy catalog of adequate depth and redshift completion is available. Here we present the first Hubble parameter measurement using a black hole merger. Our analysis results in , which is consistent with both SN Ia and cosmic microwave background measurements of the Hubble constant. The quoted 68% credible region comprises 60% of the uniform prior range [20, 140] km s-1 Mpc-1, and it depends on the assumed prior range. If we take a broader prior of [10, 220] km s-1 Mpc-1, we find (57% of the prior range). Although a weak constraint on the Hubble constant from a single event is expected using the dark siren method, a multifold increase in the LVC event rate is anticipated in the coming years and combinations of many sirens will lead to improved constraints on H 0.

Published
2019

98. First cosmology results using Type Ia supernova from the Dark Energy Survey: simulations to correct supernova distance biases

Author

Kessler, R, Brout, D, D’Andrea, CB, Davis, TM, Hinton, SR, Kim, AG, Lasker, J, Lidman, C, Macaulay, E, Möller, A, Sako, M, Scolnic, D, Smith, M, Sullivan, M, Zhang, B, Andersen, P, Asorey, J, Avelino, A, Calcino, J, Carollo, D, Challis, P, Childress, M, Clocchiatti, A, Crawford, S, Filippenko, AV, Foley, RJ, Glazebrook, K, Hoormann, JK, Kasai, E, Kirshner, RP, Lewis, GF, Mandel, KS, March, M, Morganson, E, Muthukrishna, D, Nugent, P, Pan, Y-C, Sommer, NE, Swann, E, Thomas, RC, Tucker, BE, Uddin, SA, Abbott, TMC, Allam, S, Annis, J, Avila, S, Banerji, M, Bechtol, K, Bertin, E, Brooks, D, Buckley-Geer, E, Burke, DL, Rosell, A Carnero, Kind, M Carrasco, Carretero, J, Castander, FJ, Crocce, M, da Costa, LN, Davis, C, De Vicente, J, Desai, S, Diehl, HT, Doel, P, Eifler, TF, Flaugher, B, Fosalba, P, Frieman, J, García-Bellido, J, Gaztanaga, E, Gerdes, DW, Gruen, D, Gruendl, RA, Gutierrez, G, Hartley, WG, Hollowood, DL, Honscheid, K, James, DJ, Johnson, MWG, Johnson, MD, Krause, E, Kuehn, K, Kuropatkin, N, Lahav, O, Li, TS, Lima, M, Marshall, JL, Martini, P, Menanteau, F, Miller, CJ, Miquel, R, Nord, B, Plazas, AA, Roodman, A, Sanchez, E, Scarpine, V, Schindler, R, Schubnell, M, Serrano, S, Sevilla-Noarbe, I, and Soares-Santos, M

Subjects
Space Sciences, Physical Sciences, Affordable and Clean Energy, techniques, cosmology, supernovae, (cosmology:) dark energy, astro-ph.CO, astro-ph.IM, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics, Space sciences
Abstract

We describe catalogue-level simulations of Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) light curves in the Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program (DES-SN) and in low-redshift samples from the Center for Astrophysics (CfA) and the Carnegie Supernova Project (CSP). These simulations are used to model biases from selection effects and light-curve analysis and to determine bias corrections for SN Ia distance moduli that are used to measure cosmological parameters. To generate realistic light curves, the simulation uses a detailed SN Ia model, incorporates information from observations (point spread function, sky noise, zero-point), and uses summary information (e.g. detection efficiency versus signal-to-noise ratio) based on 10 000 fake SN light curves whose fluxes were overlaid on images and processed with our analysis pipelines. The quality of the simulation is illustrated by predicting distributions observed in the data. Averaging within redshift bins, we find distance modulus biases up to 0.05 mag over the redshift ranges of the low-z and DES-SN samples. For individual events, particularly those with extreme red or blue colour, distance biases can reach 0.4 mag. Therefore, accurately determining bias corrections is critical for precision measurements of cosmological parameters. Files used to make these corrections are available at https://des.ncsa.illinois.edu/releases/sn.

Published
2019

99. First Cosmology Results Using SNe Ia from the Dark Energy Survey: Analysis, Systematic Uncertainties, and Validation

Author

Brout, D, Scolnic, D, Kessler, R, D’Andrea, CB, Davis, TM, Gupta, RR, Hinton, SR, Kim, AG, Lasker, J, Lidman, C, Macaulay, E, Möller, A, Nichol, RC, Sako, M, Smith, M, Sullivan, M, Zhang, B, Andersen, P, Asorey, J, Avelino, A, Bassett, BA, Brown, P, Calcino, J, Carollo, D, Challis, P, Childress, M, Clocchiatti, A, Filippenko, AV, Foley, RJ, Galbany, L, Glazebrook, K, Hoormann, JK, Kasai, E, Kirshner, RP, Kuehn, K, Kuhlmann, S, Lewis, GF, Mandel, KS, March, M, Miranda, V, Morganson, E, Muthukrishna, D, Nugent, P, Palmese, A, Pan, Y-C, Sharp, R, Sommer, NE, Swann, E, Thomas, RC, Tucker, BE, Uddin, SA, Wester, W, Abbott, TMC, Allam, S, Annis, J, Avila, S, Bechtol, K, Bernstein, GM, Bertin, E, Brooks, D, Burke, DL, Rosell, A Carnero, Kind, M Carrasco, Carretero, J, Castander, FJ, Cunha, CE, da Costa, LN, Davis, C, De Vicente, J, DePoy, DL, Desai, S, Diehl, HT, Doel, P, Drlica-Wagner, A, Eifler, TF, Estrada, J, Fernandez, E, Flaugher, B, Fosalba, P, Frieman, J, García-Bellido, J, Gruen, D, Gruendl, RA, Gutierrez, G, Hartley, WG, Hollowood, DL, Honscheid, K, Hoyle, B, James, DJ, Jarvis, M, Jeltema, T, Krause, E, Lahav, O, Li, TS, Lima, M, Maia, MAG, Marriner, J, Marshall, JL, Martini, P, and Menanteau, F

Subjects
Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Affordable and Clean Energy, cosmological parameters, dark energy, supernovae: general, astro-ph.CO, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics, Space sciences
Abstract

We present the analysis underpinning the measurement of cosmological parameters from 207 spectroscopically classified SNe Ia from the first 3 years of the Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program (DES-SN), spanning a redshift range of 0.017 < z < 0.849. We combine the DES-SN sample with an external sample of 122 low-redshift (z < 0.1) SNe Ia, resulting in a "DES-SN3YR" sample of 329 SNe Ia. Our cosmological analyses are blinded: after combining our DES-SN3YR distances with constraints from the Cosmic Microwave Background, our uncertainties in the measurement of the dark energy equation-of-state parameter, w, are 0.042 (stat) and 0.059 (stat+syst) at 68% confidence. We provide a detailed systematic uncertainty budget, which has nearly equal contributions from photometric calibration, astrophysical bias corrections, and instrumental bias corrections. We also include several new sources of systematic uncertainty. While our sample is less than one-third the size of the Pantheon sample, our constraints on w are only larger by 1.4×, showing the impact of the DES-SN Ia light-curve quality. We find that the traditional stretch and color standardization parameters of the DES-SNe Ia are in agreement with earlier SN Ia samples such as Pan-STARRS1 and the Supernova Legacy Survey. However, we find smaller intrinsic scatter about the Hubble diagram (0.077 mag). Interestingly, we find no evidence for a Hubble residual step (0.007 ± 0.018 mag) as a function of host-galaxy mass for the DES subset, in 2.4σ tension with previous measurements. We also present novel validation methods of our sample using simulated SNe Ia inserted in DECam images and using large catalog-level simulations to test for biases in our analysis pipelines.

Published
2019

100. First Cosmology Results Using Type Ia Supernovae from the Dark Energy Survey: Photometric Pipeline and Light-curve Data Release

Author

Brout, D, Sako, M, Scolnic, D, Kessler, R, D’Andrea, CB, Davis, TM, Hinton, SR, Kim, AG, Lasker, J, Macaulay, E, Möller, A, Nichol, RC, Smith, M, Sullivan, M, Wolf, RC, Allam, S, Bassett, BA, Brown, P, Castander, FJ, Childress, M, Foley, RJ, Galbany, L, Herner, K, Kasai, E, March, M, Morganson, E, Nugent, P, Pan, Y-C, Thomas, RC, Tucker, BE, Wester, W, Abbott, TMC, Annis, J, Avila, S, Bertin, E, Brooks, D, Burke, DL, Rosell, A Carnero, Kind, M Carrasco, Carretero, J, Crocce, M, Cunha, CE, da Costa, LN, Davis, C, De Vicente, J, Desai, S, Diehl, HT, Doel, P, Eifler, TF, Flaugher, B, Fosalba, P, Frieman, J, García-Bellido, J, Gaztanaga, E, Gerdes, DW, Goldstein, DA, Gruen, D, Gruendl, RA, Gschwend, J, Gutierrez, G, Hartley, WG, Hollowood, DL, Honscheid, K, James, DJ, Kuehn, K, Kuropatkin, N, Lahav, O, Li, TS, Lima, M, Marshall, JL, Martini, P, Miquel, R, Nord, B, Plazas, AA, Roodman, A, Rykoff, ES, Sanchez, E, Scarpine, V, Schindler, R, Schubnell, M, Serrano, S, Sevilla-Noarbe, I, Soares-Santos, M, Sobreira, F, Suchyta, E, Swanson, MEC, Tarle, G, Thomas, D, Tucker, DL, Walker, AR, Yanny, B, and Zhang, Y

Subjects
Space Sciences, Physical Sciences, Affordable and Clean Energy, cosmology: observations, supernovae: general, techniques: photometric, astro-ph.IM, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics, Space sciences
Abstract

We present griz light curves of 251 SNe Ia from the first 3 years of the Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program's (DES-SN) spectroscopically classified sample. The photometric pipeline described in this paper produces the calibrated fluxes and associated uncertainties used in the cosmological parameter analysis by employing a scene modeling approach that simultaneously models a variable transient flux and temporally constant host galaxy. We inject artificial point sources onto DECam images to test the accuracy of our photometric method. Upon comparison of input and measured artificial supernova fluxes, we find that flux biases peak at 3 mmag. We require corrections to our photometric uncertainties as a function of host galaxy surface brightness at the transient location, similar to that seen by the DES Difference Imaging Pipeline used to discover transients. The public release of the light curves can be found at https://des.ncsa.illinois.edu/releases/sn.

Published
2019

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