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Although a great deal of work has been done on bi-level programming problems (BPPs) during the last few decades, there is still a substantial gap in the literature on sufficient optimality conditions and duality results of BPPs. This article aims to develop sufficient optimality conditions and Mond-Weir-type dual for a multi-objective BPP from an optimistic perspective under the Guignard constraint qualification. Using the weighted sum scalarisation at the lower level and a special function at the upper level, we convert the multi-objective BPP to the corresponding single-objective BPP. With the help of optimal value reformulation, we reformulate the single-objective BPP as a single-level mathematical programming problem. Using the generalised convexity, we develop sufficient optimality conditions. Moreover, we formulate Mond-Weir type dual and establish the corresponding duality results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preterm babies have immature immunity and skin barrier functions. To cope up with these, many times they are kept under observation in neonatal care unit (NICU) for months until they attain their normal physiological age, weight, and immune functions along with other vital capacities. We are reporting such a curious case of 1-month-old preterm child who presented with the sequence of blackish blue to yellowish discoloration of thumb nails in both the hands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Surgical treatment of vitiligo is reserved for stable recalcitrant vitiligo patches. Split-thickness skin grafting (STSG) is an important established modality for the surgical treatment of vitiligo, whereas autologous, non-cultured, non-trypsinized epidermal cell transplant, also known as Jodhpur technique (JT), is an unconventional innovative surgical modality for the treatment of stable vitiligo. Aims: To compare the two techniques, JT and STSG, with regards to the extent and pattern of repigmentation achieved, color matching of the repigmented area, patient satisfaction (Dermatology Life Quality Index [DLQI] questionnaire and patient global assessment), and adverse events (if any) in patients with stable vitiligo. Materials and Methods: It was a randomized comparative study. We randomized 32 patients with 180 stable vitiligo lesions into two groups. Patients in group 1 were treated with JT, and those in group 2 with STSG. They were subjectively evaluated 20 weeks post-surgery for the extent of repigmentation, color match, change in DLQI score, and patient satisfaction. The categorical data were presented as number (percent) and were compared among groups using Chi-square test. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for demographic data, and they were also compared by using student t-test. Probability P value < 0.001 was considered statistically significant. Results: The extent of repigmentation was excellent (90%--100% repigmentation) in 72.5% of lesions in the JT group and in 40% of lesions in the STSG group (P < 0.001). Seventy-five percent repigmentation (good repigmentation) was observed in 95% of lesions in the JT group and in 83.75% of lesions in the STSG group (P = 0.040). There was a highly significant decline in DLQI score. Post-procedure DLQI (0.79 ± 1.13) and pre-procedure DLQI (15.39 ± 4.76) in the JT group were compared with post-procedure DLQI (3.85 ± 2.89) and pre-procedure DLQI (16.19 ± 4.56) in the STSG group. The mean decline among groups differed significantly (P < 0.001). Adverse events were significantly higher in the STSG group at the recipient site. Conclusions: JT is found to be significantly better than STSG with regard to the degree of repigmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Parthenium dermatitis is caused by friable plant extracts of Parthenium hysterophorus and related species. Approximately 40% of cases of plant dermatitis in India are contributed by this single species. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational study conducted in the Department of Dermatology of Jhalawar Medical College. Ninety-nine consecutive patch test positive parthenium dermatitis human subjects of age more than 16 and either sex were included. The study period was 11 months between September 2019 and August 2020. Sociodemographic, clinical profile parthenium dermatitis severity score (PDSS) and Dermatology life quality index (DLQI) were obtained from each patient. Correlation between PDSS and DLQI was obtained using Pearson's two-tailed coefficients. Results: Our study included 62 men and 37 women (1.67:1). The mean age was 51 ± 10.27 years. Mean duration of disease was 8.47 ± 4.45 years, and mean PDSS was 57.25 ± 17.65, mean DLQI was 17.14 ± 5.56. ABCD with CAD was the most common clinical subtype (45.45%). A significant positive correlation was observed between PDSS and DLQI. Conclusion: In this study, a significant impairment in quality of life (QoL) was observed in patients with higher score of PDSS and increasing duration, emphasizing that the disease needs specialized care including multiple indoor admission at the time of flare-up of disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computed tomography scan of the head was normal, but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain showed multiple scalp hemangiomas, the largest being in the right posterior parietal region (size 16 mm × 6 mm), while underlying skull vault appears normal [Figure 3]. The red-colored raised lesion initially appeared in multiple mustard size, round, firm lesions, which progressed to almost pea-sized pedunculated lesions in 2-5 days and bled on touch/slightest trauma. There was the presence of a raised solid skin-colored lesion of size 2 cm and rubbery consistency over the right posterior parietal scalp diagnosed clinically as infantile hemangioma. [Extracted from the article]

The thermoelectric properties of a series of the polycrystalline samples of titanium dichalcogenides with partial substitution of Ti for Nb and S for Se were investigated. It was found that sintering of the samples improved the thermoelectric efficiency (ZT), and the maximum ZT was achieved at sintering temperature of 600°C. A further increase in the sintering temperature (850°C and 950°C) led to the recrystallization of the samples, as a result, the Seebeck coefficient sharply decreased and electrical conductivity dramatically increased. The temperature dependences of electrical conductivity σ(T) in the temperature range from 4.2 to 300 K and Seebeck coefficient S(T) in the temperature range from 77 to 300 K were investigated in order to determine the nature of the observed improvements in thermoelectric properties due to double substitutions and sintering. Two‐dimensionalization of electron transport properties of Ti1−xNbxS2−ySey solid solutions was found. The Fermi energy EF2D was estimated using the temperature dependences of Seebeck coefficient. The relationship between the Fermi energy EF2D and figure of merit ZT was established. The effect of sintering on parameters σ(T), S(T), charge carrier concentration (n2D), mobility (µ), and thermal conductivity (k) was found. The optimal value of Fermi energy EF2D in terms of figure of merit ZT = 0.31 at room temperature (T = 300 K) was found for Ti0.98Nb0.02S1.3Se0.7 sample sintered at 600°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pediatric dermatoses present as one of the most common clinical entities in dermatology clinics. They differ in clinical presentation and management from adults. Their prevalence and pattern differ from region to region due to several factors such as environmental, social, genetic, and cultural. Aims and Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of various dermatoses among children of the age group 0–18 years in Southeast region of Rajasthan. Materials and Methods: Our study included 1000 cases of 0–18 years age group attending the dermatology outpatient and inpatient department of Government Medical College and attached group of hospitals, Kota. It was carried out from December 2017 to September 2018 (10 months). Appropriate history was taken, and a complete thorough examination was done as required. Relevant investigations were done, and all the findings were recorded in predesigned pro forma. Results: Our study included 560 males and 440 females of 1000 with the male-to-female ratio of 1.272:1. There were 553 urban and 447 rural participants. The patients were subgrouped in the age group of 0–1 year, 1–7 years, 8–12 years, and 13–18 years. The most prevalent dermatoses in 0–1 year age group were eczematous disorders (31.91%). Viral infections were predominant in 26.08% and 23.47% in the age groups of 1–7 years and 8–12 years, respectively. The most common dermatoses in the age group of 13–18 years were disorders of sweat and sebaceous glands (20.15%). Conclusion: Our study demonstrates variability of dermatoses among pediatric patients according to their age groups. This information should contribute to raising the awareness of pediatricians and dermatologists regarding the most common dermatological diagnosis in those patient populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is an infrequently seen dermatological disorder with plethora of associations. It is largely a clinical diagnosis made by the presence of at least two of the three classic findings. We are reporting a 16-year-old male child who presented to us with the limb hypertrophy, portwine stains, congenital heart disease, and bony abnormality. Multiple associations of KTS make it an interesting case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ichthyosis and psoriasis both are inherently considered as disorders of abnormal keratinization. X-linked recessive ichthyosis (XLRI) is a genetic disorder, while psoriasis is sporadic in most cases. The underlying pathophysiology for their occurrence in the same patient is not well understood but may be attributed to genetic modifications or epigenetics. We hereby report a case of a 14-year-old male child with psoriasis vulgaris in the setting of XLRI. To our best knowledge, it has not been reported in the English literature to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 42-year-old male presented with the multiple, asymptomatic, progressive hyperpigmented macules and pits over the face, neck, and flexures of the upper and lower limb for 20 years. Topics include the lesions were progressive with the appearance of keratotic papules on the face that healed with pitted scars, the family history of similar lesions was present in 3 of 8 members, and the personal and family history of atopy was present.

Subcorneal pustular dermatosis (SPD), first described by Sneddon and Wilkinson, represents a rare chronic and relapsing sterile pustular eruptions generally involving the trunk and flexor aspect of limbs. Usually, it affects middle-aged or elderly women. Histologically, it is characterized by the accumulation of subcorneal neutrophils with an absence of spongiosis and acantholysis. Here, we are reporting a rare case of SPD in the pediatric age group, which was diagnosed based on clinical and histological findings. We gave dapsone in treatment with a positive outcome. To the best of our knowledge, there has not been any case report in the pediatric age group from India so far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anterior cervical hypertrichosis (ACH) is a very rare form of primary localized hypertrichosis. It is characterized by a tuft of terminal hairs on the anterior neck just above the laryngeal prominence. Although it frequently presents with an isolated defect, it can be associated with other abnormalities. Here, we report the case of a 12-year-old girl who presented to our outdoor with a complaint of localized excessive hairs over the anterior aspect of the neck. She also gave a history of the persistence of irregular hyperpigmented areas on the right cheek. The diagnosis of ACH with linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis was made. Their concurrence might be coincidental. So far, ACH associated with linear whorled nevoid hypermelanosis has not been reported in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trichilemmal carcinoma is a rare malignant adnexal neoplasm of follicular type usually seen over the sun-exposed areas of elderly people. We present a report of a 60-year-old male with ulceroproliferative lesion over the occipital region of the scalp for 2 months, clinically diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. A wide local excision was done, and histopathological examination showed atypical clear cells with abrupt keratinization. The histogenesis and other differential diagnoses are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastric cancer is the third most common cause of cancer deaths in the world, prompting high-risk countries like South Korea and Japan to establish nationwide screening programmes. Helicobacter pylori is linked to the majority of gastric adenocarcinoma cases and to the vast majority of non-cardia gastric adenocarcinomas. Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of 'test-and-treat' programmes for H. pylori infection to prevent gastric cancer in high-risk populations. While this strategy has gained momentum, providers in low-risk developed countries may be unaware of the risk individual patients face, particularly those who have emigrated from high-risk regions and members of economically disadvantaged minority groups. Rapidly evolving science in recent years has made it difficult for clinicians to keep up with the current best practices. This article reviews the epidemiology of H. pylori and gastric cancer, screening and diagnostic tests and the current treatment regimens for clinicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to examine the relationship between personality and mental health of male and female army officers. Sample consisted of 200 army officers out of which 100 were males and rest 100 were female officers. The sample was assessed on Singh's Differential Personality Inventory by Arun Kumar Singh and Ashish Kumar Singh and Mental Health Inventory by Jagdish and Srivastava, correlation between the samples revealed that there is a positive and significant relation between personality and mental health of male and female officers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to examine the relationship between adjustment and mental health of male and female army officers. Sample consisted of 200 army officers out of which 100 were males and rest 100 were female officers. The sample was assessed on Bells Adjustment Inventory by Ojha and Mental Health Inventory by Jagdish and Srivastava, correlation between the samples revealed that there is a positive and significant relation between adjustment and mental health of male and female officers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Objectives: Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is characterized by excessive sleepiness during the day, prolonged sleep at night, and difficulty waking up. The true prevalence of IH is uncertain. The International Classification of Sleep Disorders provides criteria for diagnosing IH; however, the definition has evolved. Managing IH involves using pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic approaches, although the most effective strategies are still unclear. The objective of this scoping review was to identify the extent, range, and nature of the available evidence, identify research gaps, and discuss the implications for clinical practice and policy., Methods: To conduct this review, a comprehensive search was conducted across scientific databases, without any restrictions on the date or study type. Eligible studies examined the effectiveness of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments for IH and reported the outcomes of these interventions. Data from the studies were screened, analyzed, and synthesized to provide an overview of the available literature landscape., Results: Fifty-one studies were included in this review, which used various methods and interventions. Pharmacological treatments, particularly modafinil, have been frequently studied and have yielded positive results. There is also emerging evidence for alternative medications such as low-sodium oxybate and pitolisant. Nonpharmacological approaches, such as cognitive behavioral therapy for hypersomnia and transcranial direct current stimulation have also shown promise in managing IH., Conclusions: This review highlights the complexity of managing IH symptoms and emphasizes the need for personalized multidisciplinary approaches. Pharmacological interventions are important in managing IH and can be complemented by nonmedication strategies. Larger-scale studies are necessary to advance our understanding of IH and to improve treatment outcomes., Citation: Saini V, Saini S. A scoping review of the evidence on pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions for idiopathic hypersomnia. J Clin Sleep Med . 2024;20(10):1685-1704., (© 2024 American Academy of Sleep Medicine.)