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The present study sheds light on cross-linguistic influence in third language learning, and it aims to explore the role of the previously acquired languages in third language acquisition and test the Cumulative Enhancement Model (Flynn et al, 2004) and Typological Similarity Model (Rothman, 2011). The CE Model supports the facilitation role of the previously acquired languages (L1 and L2) during the learning process of a third language (L3). The participants of this study are 35 middle school students who have Arabic as a first language, French as a second language, and they are learning English as a third language. A multiple-choice translation task that aims to test the participants’ knowledge of the non-native language they learn, in addition to a text in L3 in which they have to translate into their L1 and L2. The findings showed that participants transfer from the more typologically similar language (i.e. French) due to the typological similarity, which gives evidence for the Typological Similarity Model in which learners use the languages that is typologically similar to L3 at early stages of L3 acquisition.

This research paper works in the light of relying on the theory of value determinism in the media by professor Dr. Izzy Abdel Rahman, to research, excavate and explore the impact of the distance learning process through the digital space on the cognitive values of Algerian students, and by applying the survey method and relying on the questionnaire tool as a main tool and the observation tool as a secondary tool, We chose the cluster sample; whose vocabulary comes to more than one stage, so we chose the study sample in several stages, and the final number of the study sample was estimated at 483 items, distributed as follows: 152 items were chosen from Djiliali Bounaama University, Khemis Miliana, 136 items were selected from Ibrahim Sultan CHibout University Algeria3, 96 subjects were selected from Ali lounici University Blida2, 100 subjects were selected from Hassiba Ben Bouali University Of Chlef, and all this released By distributing An electronic questionnaire form through a Google form to the study sample students.

The structural, elastic, electronic, and magnetic properties of the CrCoSi, MnCoSi parent half-Heusler (HH) alloys, and their CrMnCo2Si2 derivative double half-Heusler (DHH) compound are studied, utilizing the augmented plane wave method, which is based on density functional theory and implemented in the WIEN2k code. The stability of HH structure of the CrCoSi and MnCoSi alloys has been checked for their non-magnetic and ferromagnetic phases, leading to that the latter phase of the type I arrangement is the most stable. The CrMnCo2Si2 DHH alloy, derivative from the found structural and magnetic ground states of CrCoSi and MnCoSi HH alloys, is constructed and investigated. This DDH as well as its CrCoSi parent HH are found to be resistant to deformation and can be classified as ductile materials, whereas the MnCoSi compound is brittle. By the gradient generalized approximation (GGA), the electronic structures of CrCoSi, MnCoSi, and CrMnCo2Si2compounds exhibit a metallic behavior in the spin-up channel and a semiconducting behavior in the spin-dn channel, with band gaps (half-metallic gaps) of 0.851(0.020), 0.852(0.021), and 0.531(0.002) eV, respectively. The half-metallicity of CrMnCo2Si2 DHH is retained with smaller (larger) band gap (half-metallic gap) of 0.38(0.106) eV than that of GGA, using GGA + U approximation. In addition, the total magnetic moments are found to be 1, 2, and 3 µB for CrCoSi, MnCoSi, and CrMnCo2Si2, respectively. Therefore, these alloys can be good candidates for spinitronic applications due to their half-metallicity.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a widely used drug in oncology. It can cause toxicity, especially in the case of Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency. An enzyme responsible for the inactivation of more than 80% of the 5-FU dose and for the transformation of uracil (U) into dihydrouracile (UH2). A sensitive method is needed to screen for DPD deficiency by determination of U level, as recommended by the European Medicine Agency (EMA). Separation was performed by an UHPLC on a C18 column and a tandem mass spectrometer performed the detection of U and UH2. The method’s performance was validated according to ICH M10 recommendations. The validated method was used to screen for DPD deficiency in fifty-seven hospitalized patients. None of the patients showed DPD deficiency based on the U-rate instead of the metabolic ratio UH2/U (7.08%) which might be a more sensitive tool for this screening

Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) direct PIWI proteins to transposons to silence them, thereby preserving genome integrity and fertility. The piRNA population can be expanded in the ping-pong amplification loop. Within this process, piRNA-associated PIWI proteins (piRISC) enter the nuage to cleave target RNA, which is stimulated by Gtsf proteins. The resulting cleavage product gets loaded into an empty PIWI protein to form a new piRISC complex. However, for piRNA amplification to occur, it is required that new RNA substrates, Gtsf-piRISC and empty PIWI proteins are all in physical proximity. In this study we show that BmGtsf1L binds to piRNA-loaded BmAgo3 and co-localizes to BmAgo3-BmVreteno positive granules. Biochemical assays further revealed that conserved residues within the unstructured tail of BmGtsf1L directly interact with BmVreteno. Using a combination of AlphaFold modeling, atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and in vitro assays we identified a novel binding interface on a BmVreteno-eTudor domain, which is required for BmGtsf1L binding. Our study reveals that a single eTudor domain within BmVreteno provides two binding interfaces and thereby interconnects piRNA-loaded BmAgo3 and BmGtsf1L.

For a modern agricultural, the search for sustainable practices to increase productivity is fundamental. Steel slag have been studied for their potential use in agriculture. These substances present a great possibility of agricultural applications since they are rich in nutrients, which enhance plant uptake. In this regard, the effect of steel slag based-fertilizer was investigated in the greenhouse durum wheat cultivation in pots under salt-stress conditions. Two slag doses: 10 g slag/ kg soil (D1) and 20 g slag/ kg soil (D2) were evaluated under no salt-stress (0 mM NaCl) and salt-stress conditions (100 mM NaCl) for salinity stress mitigation. Morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters of wheat were measured and compared to the different treatments. Wheat exposure to salinity decreased its biomass, stomatal conductance, efficiency of photosystem II, protein content and increased total soluble sugars, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. Amended plants with 10 g slag/ kg soil (D1), led to a significant improve in biomass with an increase of shoot and root dry weights (133% and 400% respectively), stomatal conductance (22 %), soluble sugars (14 %) and protein content (158%) under salinity conditions as compared to the control treatment 0 g slag/ kg soil (C), indicating a positive influence on durum wheat plants. However, soil enrichment with 20 g slag/ kg soil (D2) decreased plant growth parameters and presented the highest levels of H2O2 and MDA contents compared to the control and treatment D1 after three months of cultivation under salt-stress. This study supports the hypothesis of the application of slag at lower dose improve productivity of durum wheat and mitigate salinity stress.

Introduction:TheCOVID-19pandemic (since March 2020) and the establishment of health measures are at the origin of an increase in the marketing of hydroalcoholic products (HAPs). Indeed, for fight against the coronavirus transmission, the public is aware to hands disinfection with hydroalcoholic products. The efficiency of these products is directly related to the content (≥ 60% v/v) of antiseptic alcohol (ethanol or isopropanol). The Algerian regulation classifies the HAPs as cosmetic and cleaning products without minimum content requirement of the antiseptic alcohol.Objectives:This work purpose to estimate the quality of HAPs marketed in Algeria during the year 2021 by determination of their antiseptic alcohol content.Materials and method:For this purpose, 52 HAPs have been selected and analysed by gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID), to identify and quantify the alcoholic agent.Results:23 (44.23%) HAPs are not efficient due to they contain less than 60%v/v of alcohol. These products should not be used to fight against the coronavirus spread. 09 HAPs (17.31%) contain more than 80% v/v of alcohol. Furthermore, 05 HAPs were containing a different alcohol from the one declared.Conclusion:HAPs are an effective measure against the micro-organisms spread. However, if their alcohol content is not enough, their use would contribute to the infectious disease transmission by giving a false guarantee of efficiency.

Introduction:TheCOVID-19pandemic (since March 2020) and the establishment of health measures are at the origin of an increase in the marketing of hydroalcoholic products (HAPs). Indeed, for fight against the coronavirus transmission, the public is aware to hands disinfection with hydroalcoholic products. The efficiency of these products is directly related to the content (≥ 60% v/v) of antiseptic alcohol (ethanol or isopropanol). The Algerian regulation classifies the HAPs as cosmetic and cleaning products without minimum content requirement of the antiseptic alcohol.Objectives:This work purpose to estimate the quality of HAPs marketed in Algeria during the year 2021 by determination of their antiseptic alcohol content.Materials and method:For this purpose, 52 HAPs have been selected and analysed by gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID), to identify and quantify the alcoholic agent.Results:23 (44.23%) HAPs are not efficient due to they contain less than 60%v/v of alcohol. These products should not be used to fight against the coronavirus spread. 09 HAPs (17.31%) contain more than 80% v/v of alcohol. Furthermore, 05 HAPs were containing a different alcohol from the one declared.Conclusion:HAPs are an effective measure against the micro-organisms spread. However, if their alcohol content is not enough, their use would contribute to the infectious disease transmission by giving a false guarantee of efficiency.

In this work, a comprehensive investigation of the salicylideneaniline derivatives is carried out using density functional theory to determine their linear and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. Geometry optimizations, for gas and solvent phases, of the tautomers (enol and keto forms) are calculated using B3LYP levels with 6-31G(d,p) basis set. An intramolecular proton transfer, for 1SA-E and 2SA-E, is performed by a PES scan process at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level. The optical properties are determined and show that they have extremely high NLO properties. In addition, the RDG analysis, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), and gap energy are calculated. The low energy gap value indicates the possibility of intramolecular charge transfer. The frontier molecular orbital calculations clearly show the inverse relationship of HOMO–LUMO gap with the first-order hyperpolarizability (β = 59.6471 × 10–30 esu), confirming that the salicylideneaniline derivatives can be used as attractive future NLO materials. Therefore, the reactive sites are predicted using MEP and the visible absorption maxima are analyzed using a theoretical UV–Vis spectrum. Natural bond orbitals are used to investigate the stability, charge delocalization, and intramolecular hydrogen bond.

Mono and multi-layer porous media are very often used in building engineering and aerospace industry to fight against noise pollution. These media are characterized by several acoustic parameters, the most important of which is the flow resistivity. In this article, a static airflow resistivity association law of multilayer rigid porous materials is proposed. The equivalent fluid theory is considered. The visco-inertial interactions between the structure and the pore-saturating fluid are taken into account by the dynamic tortuosity introduced by Johnson et al and the dynamic compressibility given by Allard. Simplified expressions of acoustic transmission coefficients of a monolayer and bilayer porous medium are established in the very low-frequency regime. The established expressions are independent of frequency and depend only on the airflow resistivity and the thickness of each layer. The equivalent flow resistivity of the bilayer medium is expressed as a function of the thickness and flow resistivity of each layer. The established law has been generalized to the case of a multilayer medium consisting of several different rigid porous layers. Experimental validation of the established law is carried out using a combination of several samples of polyurethane foams (PU) with different thicknesses and flow resistivity.

Concentration dependency of phenotypic and genotypic isoniazid-rifampicin resistance emergence was investigated to obtain a mechanistic understanding on how anti-mycobacterial drugs facilitate the emergence of bacterial populations that survive throughout treatment. Using static kill curve experiments, observing two evolution cycles, it was demonstrated that rifampicin resistance was the result of non-specific mechanisms and not associated with accumulation of drug resistance encoding SNPs. Whereas, part of isoniazid resistance could be accounted for by accumulation of specific SNPs, which was concentration dependent. Using a Hollow Fibre Infection Model it was demonstrated that emergence of genotypic resistance only occurs when antibiotic levels fall below MIC although MICs are typically maintained following clinical dosing provided that adherence to the regimen is good. This study showed that disentangling and quantifying concentration dependent emergence of resistance provides improved rational for drug and dose selection although further work on understanding underlying mechanisms is needed to improve the drug development pipeline.One Sentence SummaryDisentangling and quantifying concentration dependent emergence of resistance will contribute to better informed drug and dose selection for anti-mycobacterial combination therapy.

This research paper seeks to reveal how the Algerian press, represented by the daily Al-Shorouk newspaper, deals with the study sample of topics related to the Corona epidemic, as well as the extent of awareness that the newspaper worked to spread in the Algerian society. Therefore, the study has a special importance distributed on two levels, starting at the level of scientific thought and then at the level of practical reality, as the new Corona pandemic in its second wave in Algeria is suitable to look at how the Algerian written press deals with the epidemic. In line with the nature of the topic, the media survey methodology that falls within the framework of descriptive research was relied upon, supported by the content analysis technique as a main tool for collecting quantitative and qualitative data, and quantitative and qualitative analysis was used to describe the content of the press contents in Al-Shorouk newspaper within a timeframe from November 21 to 20 December 2020.

The search for sustainable practices to increase productivity is a fundamental need in current agriculture. Steel slag has been studied for its potential use in agriculture. These substances present a great ability of agricultural applications since they are rich in nutrients. The effect of steel slag-based fertilizer was investigated on greenhouse durum wheat cultivar under salt-stress conditions. Two doses of slag: 10 g slag/ kg soil (D1) and 20 g slag/ kg soil (D2) were evaluated under no salt-stress (0 mM NaCl) and salt-stress conditions (100 mM NaCl) for salinity stress mitigation. Morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters of wheat were measured and compared to the different treatments. Exposure of wheat to salinity decreased its biomass, stomatal conductance, efficiency of photosystem II, and protein content, but it increased total soluble sugars, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. Amended plants with 10 g slag/ kg soil (D1) led to a significant improvement in biomass with an increase of shoot and root dry weights (133% and 400% respectively), stomatal conductance (22 %), soluble sugars (14 %), and protein content (158%) under saline conditions compared to the control treatment with 0 g slag/ kg soil (C), thus indicating a positive influence on durum wheat plants. Soil enrichment with 20 g slag/kg soil (D2) decreased plant growth parameters and presented the highest levels of H2O2 and MDA contents compared to the control and treatment (D1) after three months of cultivation under salt stress. This study supports the hypothesis of the application of slag at lower dose, which improves productivity of durum wheat and mitigate salinity stress.

Background Several antibiotics active against carbapenemase-producing organisms have recently been licensed for clinical use. These organisms usually have multiple integrative and conjugative elements with different resistance genes. The positioning of these agents for empirical use in sepsis caused by different carbapenemase-producing organisms is important in optimizing the likelihood of appropriate treatment before susceptibility testing is complete. Here we present the activities of meropenem-vaborbactam, imipenem-relebactam, eravacycline and tigecycline against NDM- and OXA-48-producing clinical isolates in a London teaching hospital. Methods Sixty-two previously characterized carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative clinical isolates were studied. These comprised 31 NDM and 31 OXA-48 producers. OXA-48 producers comprised Klebsiella pneumoniae (17), Escherichia coli (10), Enterobacter aerogenes (3) and Serratia marcescens (1). NDM producers comprised K. pneumoniae (11), E. coli (10), Acinetobacter baumannii (3), Klebsiella oxytoca (1), Enterobacter asburiae (1), Enterobacter cloacae (1), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1), Citrobacter koseri (1), Citrobacter freundii (1) and Leclercia adecarboxylata (1). MICs of meropenem/vaborbactam, imipenem/relebactam, eravacycline and tigecycline were determined using Etests. Interpretation was done using EUCAST breakpoints. Results OXA-48 producers: Eight of 17 K. pneumoniae, 8/10 E. coli and 2/3 E. aerogenes isolates were meropenem/vaborbactam susceptible. Of these, 2 K. pneumoniae, 5 E. coli and 1 E. aerogenes isolates were imipenem/relebactam susceptible. All imipenem/relebactam/susceptible isolates were also meropenem/vaborbactam susceptible. The S. marcescens isolate (1/1) was resistant to both antibiotics. The only isolates demonstrating susceptibility to the glycylcyclines were E. coli. Five of 10 were susceptible to both glycylcyclines. One of 10 was susceptible to one glycylcycline but resistant to the other. NDM producers: Five of 11 K. pneumoniae, 6/10 E. coli and 1/1 K. oxytoca, E. asburiae and C. koseri isolates were susceptible to meropenem/vaborbactam. Of these, two K. pneumoniae and the K. oxytoca (1/1) and E. asburiae (1/1) isolates were imipenem/relebactam susceptible. The L. adecarboxylata isolate (1/1) was meropenem/vaborbactam resistant but imipenem/relebactam susceptible. All P. aeruginosa, C. freundii, A. baumannii and E. cloacae isolates were resistant to both meropenem/vaborbactam and imipenem/relebactam. Seven of 10 E. coli isolates were tigecycline susceptible of which 6 were also eravacycline susceptible. One of 11 K. pneumoniae, 1/1 K. oxytoca and 1/1 L. adecarboxylata isolates were susceptible to both glycylcyclines. All other isolates were resistant to both glycylcyclines. Conclusions In both OXA-48 and NDM producers, the activity of the four antibiotics tested was better against E. coli than K. pneumoniae. Meropenem/vaborbactam provided better cover than imipenem/relebactam. Eravacycline and tigecycline showed similar activity to each other, but their activity was inferior compared with the β-lactam combinations, particularly against K. pneumoniae.