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53. Occupational and environmental hazard assessments for the isolation, purification and toxicity testing of cyanobacterial toxins

Author

Wickramasinghe Wasantha A, Eaglesham Geoffrey K, Reardon Karen, McGregor Glenn B, Sadler Ross, Carmichael Wayne W, Stewart Ian, Seawright Alan A, and Shaw Glen R

Subjects
Industrial medicine. Industrial hygiene, RC963-969, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Cyanobacteria can produce groups of structurally and functionally unrelated but highly potent toxins. Cyanotoxins are used in multiple research endeavours, either for direct investigation of their toxicologic properties, or as functional analogues for various biochemical and physiological processes. This paper presents occupational safety guidelines and recommendations for personnel working in field, laboratory or industrial settings to produce and use purified cyanotoxins and toxic cyanobacteria, from bulk harvesting of bloom material, mass culture of laboratory isolates, through routine extraction, isolation and purification. Oral, inhalational, dermal and parenteral routes are all potential occupational exposure pathways during the various stages of cyanotoxin production and application. Investigation of toxicologic or pharmacologic properties using in vivo models may present specific risks if radiolabelled cyanotoxins are employed, and the potential for occupational exposure via the dermal route is heightened with the use of organic solvents as vehicles. Inter- and intra-national transport of living cyanobacteria for research purposes risks establishing feral microalgal populations, so disinfection of culture equipment and destruction of cells by autoclaving, incineration and/or chlorination is recommended in order to prevent viable cyanobacteria from escaping research or production facilities.

Published
2009
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58. Impacts of helmet law on the changes in potential years of life lost due to traffic injury: a multiple-province evaluation in Vietnam

Author

Phung, Dung, Nguyen, Ha Trong, Chu, Cordia, Sadler, Ross, Luong, Anh Mai, Nguyen, Huyen Thi, Pham, Tuan Cong, and Huang, Cunrui

Abstract

IntroductionThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of the helmet law on the changes in potential years of life lost (PYLL) due to traffic mortality and to examine modification effects of socioeconomic factors on the impacts in Vietnam.MethodsWe applied an interrupted time series design using the Bayesian framework to estimate the impact of the law at the provincial level. Then, we used random effects meta-analysis to estimate the impact of the law at the country level and to examine the modification effects of socioeconomic factors.ResultsThe results indicate that the impacts varied among the provinces. These impacts could be classified by four main groups comprising positive impact, and positive impact without sustainability, possible positive impact, negative or inconsistent impact. For the country-level impact, the results reveal a significantly consistent change in monthly PYLLs at the level of 18 per 100 000 persons, and the post-trend was stable without significant change. The results of meta-regression show that 1 unit increase in the population density (persons/km2), migration rate (%) and income (×1000 dong) are non-significantly associated with increases of PYLLs at 1.3, 27 and 27 per 100 000 person-months, respectively, whereas 1% increase in literacy associated with a decrease of PYLL at 44 per 100 000 person-months.DiscussionFurther studies should be warranted to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the law implementation, including its acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, feasibility, cost-effectiveness and sustainability.

Published
2020
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63. Elevated Serum IgG4 Levels in Diagnosis, Treatment Response, Organ Involvement, and Relapse in a Prospective IgG4-Related Disease UK Cohort

Author

Culver, Emma L, primary, Sadler, Ross, additional, Simpson, Dawn, additional, Cargill, Tamsin, additional, Makuch, Mateusz, additional, Bateman, Adrian C, additional, Ellis, Anthony J, additional, Collier, Jane, additional, Chapman, Roger W, additional, Klenerman, P, additional, Barnes, Eleanor, additional, and Ferry, Berne, additional

Published
2016
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67. Identification of a Novel Mutation in MAGT1 and Progressive Multifocal Leucoencephalopathy in a 58-Year-Old Man with XMEN Disease

Author

Dhalla, Fatima, primary, Murray, Sarah, additional, Sadler, Ross, additional, Chaigne-Delalande, Benjamin, additional, Sadaoka, Tomohiko, additional, Soilleux, Elizabeth, additional, Uzel, Gulbu, additional, Miller, Joanne, additional, Collins, Graham Peter, additional, Hatton, Christian Simon Ross, additional, Bhole, Malini, additional, Ferry, Berne, additional, Chapel, Helen M., additional, Cohen, Jeffrey I., additional, and Patel, Smita Y., additional

Published
2014
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72. First Report of a Toxic Nodularia spumigena (Nostocales/ Cyanobacteria) Bloom in Sub-Tropical Australia. II. Bioaccumulation of Nodularin in Isolated Populations of Mullet (Mugilidae)

Author

Stewart, Ian, primary, Eaglesham, Geoffrey K., additional, McGregor, Glenn B., additional, Chong, Roger, additional, Seawright, Alan A., additional, Wickramasinghe, Wasantha A., additional, Sadler, Ross, additional, Hunt, Lindsay, additional, and Graham, Glenn, additional

Published
2012
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74. Fibroblast Growth Factor-9 Is Up-Regulated In Malignant Mesothelioma And May Be Involved In The Disease Pathobiology

Author

Tan, Ai Ling, primary, Worku, Mulugeta, additional, Davies, Helen, additional, Mishra, Eleanor, additional, Sadler, Ross, additional, Creaney, Jenette, additional, Lansley, Sally, additional, Varano della Vergiliana, Julius, additional, Karabela, Sophia, additional, Stathopoulos, Georgios, additional, Davies, Robert, additional, and Lee, Gary, additional

Published
2012
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89. An opinion on the distribution and behavior of chemicals in response to climate change, with particular reference to the Asia-Pacific region.

Author

Sadler, Ross, Gabric, Albert, Shaw, Glen, Shaw, Emily, and Connell, Des

Subjects
*CLIMATE change, *ALGAL blooms, *PARTICULATE matter, *POLLUTANTS, *DISTILLATION, *EUTROPHICATION
Abstract

There is a general lack of knowledge as regards the effects of climate change on pollutant behavior. This is particularly true of the Asia-Pacific Region (APR). This region has major significance in terms of global pollutant emission and also displays a wide variety of environments. This review presents the authors' opinions on possible implications of climate change for pollutant behavior in the APR. Although differing responses can be expected across the region, there are clear implications as regards the short- and long-term behavior of pollutants. Effects can be predicted through modeling, but further data are required for model calibration. Nevertheless, it can be predicted that climate change will affect processes including global distillation of persistent organic pollutants, airborne transport of heavy metals, half-life of readily degradable pollutants, and eutrophication in water bodies. Particulates are expected to play a central role in mediating the effects of climate change, and successful predictive models will need to be based on particulate-mediated transport and behavior. Climate change also has the potential to cause an increase in the intensity and frequency of harmful algal blooms in aquatic environments throughout the region, with significant implications for supply of both food and drinking water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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90. Goannas: The Biology of Varanid Lizards

Author

Sadler, Ross

Subjects
Goannas: The Biology of Varanid Lizards (Book), Books -- Book reviews, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Published
2000

91. Sea Snakes

Author

Sadler, Ross

Subjects
Sea Snakes (Book), Books -- Book reviews, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Published
2000

92. Improving the monitoring of multiple myeloma patients using blood based markers of disease

Author

Campbell, Lauren, Sadler, Ross, Ayers, Lisa, and Pink, Ryan

Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a haematological malignancy characterised by the proliferation of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow, usually leading to the secretion of a monoclonal immunoglobulin termed the M-protein. Multiple myeloma is a complex disease, and despite great advances in both detection and treatment of the disease, there remains a vast amount of interest in improving patient outcomes. In the era of novel agents and clinical trials, patients with MM are living longer and there is a requirement for frequent monitoring to assess treatment response and signs of relapse. Despite these improvements in treatment, even those patients achieving deep responses are still relapsing due to the presence of very low levels of residual disease, termed minimal residual disease (MRD). Increasingly sensitive techniques are needed to detect this MRD and, as MM is a bone marrow based disease, the majority of techniques focus on bone marrow based assays. However, as bone marrow sampling is invasive, painful and unpleasant for patients it is important to investigate whether blood-based assays could be equally or more informative of disease status. This project therefore aimed to obtain evidence as to whether blood-based assays can act as a safe and effective marker for disease in the bone marrow of treated multiple myeloma patients. Firstly, a bone marrow flow cytometry assay was validated to act as the gold standard technique. Next, three blood-based assays were investigated: circulating tumour plasma cell measurement, heavy/light chain measurement and mass spectrometry evaluation. This study shows the significance of blood-based assays at different disease stages in both transplant and nontransplant treated patients. These results lead to the suggestion of a testing algorithm focused on the addition of heavy/light chain measurement which can be pre-emptively used to influence decisions regarding bone marrow analysis and treatment, ultimately improving the patient experience.

Published
2023
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97. The utility of immune function profiling in rheumatoid arthritis therapeutic efficacy monitoring

Author

Fox, Hannah Louise, Ferry, Berne, Brooks, Susan, Sadler, Ross, and Ayers, Lisa

Abstract

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease, primarily affecting the small joints of the hands, wrists and feet. Disease onset is insidious with classical symptoms including pain, morning stiffness, and persistent synovitis; accompanied by fatigue, malaise and weight loss. RA patients also suffer from a number of extra-articular manifestations and additional comorbidities, including rheumatoid nodules and scleritis; as well as an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), lymphoma and infection. Ultimately, RA is a devastatingly progressive disease, if a diagnosis and an effective therapeutic regimen is not established quickly. Identifying when a therapy is proving ineffective can be difficult, however, and is reliant upon accurate formal joint counts, CRP measurements and patient global assessments. These are potentially insensitive means of assessing remission and may result in delayed changes to therapeutic regimens. The identification of new biomarkers to improve the predictive value of these evaluation models would therefore greatly benefit patient care. Based upon current evidence, it has been hypothesized that RA patients who fail to make a clinical improvement following the initiation of csDMARD and bDMARD therapeutic regimens are identifiable by their profile of the following CD4+ T-cell populations: follicular helper, memory helper, antigen-specific and naturally-occurring regulatory CD4+ T-cells. As such, flow cytometric assays have developed for the identification and enumeration of these respective CD4+ T-cell populations; the relative and absolute counts of which were investigated within a cohort of healthy controls, with normal distributions established. Subsequently, we have identified distinct alterations to the CD4+ T-cell compartments of newly-diagnosed, treatment-naïve and longstanding RA patients, with clear associations with patient clinical outcomes observed. Of notable significance, the relative distribution of CCR4- Th2-like follicular helper CD4+ T-cells within newly-diagnosed, treatment-naïve RA patients at the time of diagnosis, has proven highly predictive of therapeutic efficacy; with changes in the relative distribution of Th17-like follicular helper and Th17 memory helper CD4+ T-cells also associated with changes to disease activity over time. Furthermore, consistent with previous studies, the CMV status of newly-diagnosed, treatment-naïve and longstanding RA patients, is associated with an aggravated clinical course; with changes in CMV-specific CCR4+ Th17 cell responses related to changes in disease activity 12-months after the initiation of a csDMARD therapeutic regimen. No such relationships could, however, be discerned within the naturally-occurring regulatory CD4+ T-cell compartment, limiting the utility of employing naturally-occurring regulatory CD4+ T-cell measurements in therapeutic efficacy monitoring. Nevertheless, these preliminary results indicate that the addition of follicular helper, memory helper and CMV-specific CD4+ T-cell responses to current remission assessment practices, could improve the identification of RA therapy non-responders, enabling the swift adjustment of RA patient therapeutic regimens and, consequently, improving disease management.

Published
2018
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100. Longitudinal dynamics and clinically available predictors of poor response to COVID-19 vaccination in multiple myeloma.

Author

Agarwal G, Moore S, Sadler R, Varghese S, Turner A, Chen LY, Larham J, Gray N, Carty O, Barrett J, Koshiaris C, Kothari J, Bowcock S, Oppermann U, Gamble V, Cook G, Kyriakou C, Drayson M, Basu S, McDonald S, McKinley S, Gooding S, Javaid MK, and Ramasamy K

Subjects
Humans, Male, Female, Aged, Middle Aged, Longitudinal Studies, Multiple Myeloma immunology, Multiple Myeloma therapy, COVID-19 prevention & control, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 Vaccines administration & dosage, COVID-19 Vaccines immunology, SARS-CoV-2 immunology, Vaccination
Published
2024
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