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Effect of chick pea level (0-30%) and feed moisture content (12% and 14% wb) on physical properties of extruded product from teff [Eragrostis teff (Zucc.) Trotter] (CR-387 variety) and chick pea (Cicer arietinum L.) (marye variety) were investigated. Chick pea level showed more effect on physical properties of products than feed moisture content. Increased level of chick pea resulted in increased bulk density and water solubility index (WSI) and decreased diametric expansion ratio and sensory crispness. On the other hand, lower feed moisture resulted in higher WSI. Sensory analysis for crispness revealed that the most accepted product had a mean score of 3.93 (on 5-point rating scale) and was produced from 10% chick pea blend at 14% feed moisture. The mean values of diametric expansion ratio, bulk density, WAI and WSI of this product were 1.58, 127.5 kg m-3, 5.7g g-1 and 30.92%, respectively. Thus twin screw extrusion of teff flour blended with 10% chick pea flour would produce an acceptable snack enhanced by protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Looking back after 9/11 it seems to me that the left-wing terrorism of the 1970s in Europe was ... a futile attempt to break out of the historical impasse and [...]

Hydration kinetics of teff [Eragrostis teff (Zucc.) Trotter] grain was studied during soaking in water at the temperatures of 20°C, 30°C, 40°C and 50°C for 10 - 160 min. The weight gain during soaking of the grains was used to calculate the moisture content (% db) and the data was fit to Peleg's model. Peleg's model adequately predicted the water uptake of the teff grain under the experimental conditions investigated (r² = 0.97 - 0.99). The Peleg rate constant, k1, and capacity constant, k2, decreased from 0.714 to 0.272 min %-1 and 0.043 to 0.025%-1, respectively, with the increasing temperature from 20°C to 50°C. Arrhenius type equation described the temperature dependence of k1 and k2 with r2 values of 0.91 and 0.98, respectively, and activation energy of 24.59 kJ mol-1. The strong correlation coefficient value of 0.97 - 0.99 indicated that Peleg's model could be used to characterize the hydration kinetics of teff grain under the experimental conditions considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a speech by philosophy professor Sadik Al-Azm delivered at a conference honoring him for the discussion of Orientalism and fundamentalism in Islamic and Judaic critique in which he expresses his sincere gratitude to the initiator and organizer, Susannah Heschel, and to all who contributed to the making of the event and a special salute to Meredith Morely.

Relates the primitive emotion of schadenfreude during the September 2001 terrorist attacks, despite the strong injunction in Arab-Islamic culture forbidding the reaction of delight in another person's misfortune. Motive of the U.S. to crush the Islamist movement worldwide into oblivion; Self-interested concerns over the consequences of a right-wing drive to curtail the civil liberties of citizens in the U.S. and Western Europe in the name of protecting national security and facilitating the war on terrorism; Fear for the safety, condition and future of Middle Eastern, Muslim and Arab minorities in Western countries.

Opinion. Questions whether Islam can be secularised. Reference to evidence to support this question from the quarter of the Islamic Revolution in Iran; Identification of conditions of a Cairene Muslim struggling with paradoxes generated by a long-term historical secularization process; Details on a Turkish example of the secularization process.

Objectives: Ariel Dynamic Acute Pancreatitis Tracker (ADAPT) is an artificial intelligence tool using mathematical algorithms to predict severity and manage fluid resuscitation needs based on the physiologic parameters of individual patients. Our aim was to assess whether adherence to ADAPT fluid recommendations versus standard management impacted clinical outcomes in a large prospective cohort., Method: We analyzed patients consecutively admitted to the Los Angeles General Medical Center between June 2015 to November 2022 whose course was richly characterized by capturing more than 100 clinical variables. We inputted this data into the ADAPT system to generate resuscitation fluid recommendations. and compared to the actual fluid resuscitation within the first 24 hours from presentation. The primary outcome was the difference in organ failure in those who were over (>500cc)- versus adequately (within 500cc) resuscitated with respect to the ADAPT fluid recommendation. Additional outcomes included ICU admission, SIRS at 48 hours, local complications, and pancreatitis severity., Results: Among the 1083 patients evaluated using ADAPT, 700 were over-resuscitated,196 were adequately resuscitated, and 187 were under-resuscitated. Adjusting for pancreatitis etiology, gender, and SIRS at admission, over-resuscitation was associated with increased respiratory failure (Odd Ratio (OR) 2.73 [95%CI 1.06, 7.03]) as well as ICU admission (OR 2.40 [1.41, 4.11]), more than 48 hours of hospital length of stay (OR 1.87 [1.19, 2.94]), SIRS at 48 hours (OR 1.73 [1.08, 2.77]) and local pancreatitis complications (OR 2.93 [1.23, 6.96])., Conclusions: Adherence to ADAPT fluid recommendations reduces respiratory failure and other adverse outcomes compared to conventional fluid resuscitation strategies for acute pancreatitis. This validation study demonstrates the potential role of dynamic machine learning tools in acute pancreatitis management., (Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of The American College of Gastroenterology.)

Background: Fifteen million infants annually are born prematurely, placing them at high risk for life-long adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Whether brain tissue abnormalities that accompany preterm birth persist into young adulthood and are associated with long-term cognitive or psychiatric outcomes is not known., Methods: From infancy into young adulthood, we followed a population-based sample of consecutively identified preterm infants and their matched term controls. The preterm group was born at an average gestational age of 31.5 ± 2.6 weeks. We obtained Diffusion Tensor Imaging scans and assessed cognitive and psychiatric outcomes in young adulthood, at a mean age of 19 (range 17.6-20.8) years. Usable data were acquired from 180 participants (89 preterm, 91 term)., Results: Preterm birth was associated with lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher average diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in deep white matter tracts of the internal capsule, cerebral peduncles, inferior frontal-occipital fasciculus, sagittal stratum and splenium of the corpus callosum, as well as in grey matter of the caudate, putamen and thalamus. A younger gestational age at birth accentuated these tissue abnormalities. Perinatal characteristics, including lower 5-min APGAR score, history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, more days of oxygen supplementation and multiple births all increased ADC values in deep white matter tracts and grey matter throughout the brain. Preterm individuals had significantly lower full-scale IQ and more frequent lifetime psychiatric disorders. Those with psychiatric illnesses had significantly higher ADC and lower FA values throughout the deep posterior white matter., Conclusions: Abnormalities in brain tissue microstructure associated with preterm birth persist into young adulthood and likely represent disordered myelination and accompanying axonal pathology. These disturbances are associated with a higher likelihood of developing a psychiatric disorder by young adulthood. Brain tissue disturbances were accentuated in those born at younger gestational ages and in those with a history of perinatal complications associated with infection and inflammation., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health.)

Objective: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is routinely used for fiducial marker placement (FMP) to guide stereotactic radiation of pancreatic tumors, but EUS-FMP explicitly to guide surgery has not been studied in a prospective, controlled manner. Multipurpose EUS systems have been developed that facilitate simultaneous EUS-FMP at the time of biopsy. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of EUS-FMP to guide pancreatic resection., Methods: In this prospective trial, we enrolled patients with resectable pancreas masses undergoing tissue sampling and placed preloaded fiducials immediately after biopsy. Intraprocedure confirmation of carcinoma, neuroendocrine, and nonlymphomatous neoplasia by rapid on-site evaluation and lesion size <4 cm was required. The main outcomes were the feasibility and ease of preoperative placement and intraoperative detection of the markers using predefined Likert scales., Results: In 20 patients, EUS-FMP was successful before planned surgery and placement was technically straightforward (Likert Scale: 9.1 ± 1.3; range: 1, most challenging to 10, most facile). Intraoperative detection was feasible and improved when compared with a pre-established comparator of 5 representing an equivalent lesion without a marker (Likert Scale: 7.8 ± 2.2; range: 1, most difficult to 10, most facile; P = 0.011). The mean tumor size on EUS was 1.7 ± 0.9 (range: 0.5 to 3.6) cm., Conclusion: EUS-FMP is feasible and safe for resectable pancreatic tumors before surgery and may assist in perioperative detection. Preloaded fiducials may be considered for placement at the time of initial referral for EUS-fine needle biopsy., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the main host cell receptor for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is highly expressed in the tongue and buccal mucosa. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate genotoxic changes in epithelial cells of the buccal and tongue mucosa following COVID-19 infection., Materials and Methods: This study included 40 patients aged 25-40 years, divided into two groups: Group 1 (control group) included 20 healthy individuals with no prior history of COVID-19 infection subdivided into Group 1a (buccal mucosa), and Group 1b (tongue mucosa); Group 2 (case group) included 20 patients with a history of mild to moderate COVID-19 infection subdivided into Group 2a (buccal mucosa) and Group 2b (tongue mucosa). Genotoxic biomarkers, such as the number of micronuclei, pyknosis, karyolysis, and karyorrhexis, were assessed in epithelial cells from the buccal mucosa and the ventral surface of the tongue. Analysis of variance was used for intragroup comparisons, followed by post-hoc analysis using Tukey's test., Results: The mean age of the patients was 27.4±6.52 years. Statistically significant differences were observed between cases and controls in the number of micronuclei, pyknosis, karyolysis, and karyorrhexis in the epithelial cells of the buccal and tongue mucosa (p = 0.05)., Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 has pronounced genotoxic effects on the epithelium of the ventral surface of the tongue in comparison to the buccal mucosa Therefore, patients with COVID-19 should be monitored regularly to develop future carcinomas, particularly those with habits of smoking, alcohol consumption, and tobacco usage., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Sadik et al.)

Objective: We performed a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis comparing initiation of full solid diet (FSD) versus stepwise diet to better define the management of patients with mild acute pancreatitis (AP)., Methods: Electronic databases were searched through August 2, 2021 for trials comparing initial FSD versus stepwise advancement in patients with mild AP on length of hospital stay (LOHS). We stratified by whether diet was initiated early (within 24 h or immediately upon presence of bowel sounds)., Results: We identified seven RCTs that compared LOHS in AP patients who received initial oral intake with solid diet versus stepwise diet. Across the studies a total of 305 patients were randomized to immediate FSD and 308 patients to sequential advancement. Patients who were initiated on a FSD had a significant reduction in total LOHS (Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) -0.52 [95% CI -0.69, -0.36]). There was no difference in post refeeding abdominal pain, tolerance of diet, or necessity to cease diet between the two groups. Sub-analysis of three studies that initiated FSD early reduced total LOHS (OR -0.95 [95% CI -1.26, -0.65]) compared to those who received graded diet advancement as well as higher likelihood of tolerating the assigned diet (OR 6.8 [95% CI 1.2, 39.2])., Conclusions: Our meta-analysis shows that initiation of FSD reduces total LOHS in patients with mild AP and does not increase post refeeding abdominal pain. Though additional high-quality studies are needed, these findings support initial solid diet for AP and consideration of feeding within the first 24 h., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest There are no conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2022 IAP and EPC. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: An increasing number of patients require outpatient and interventional pain management. To help meet the rising demand for anesthesia pain subspecialty care in rural and metropolitan areas, health care providers have used telemedicine for pain management of both interventional patients and those with chronic pain., Objective: In this study, we aimed to describe the implementation of a telemedicine program for pain management in an academic pain division in a large metropolitan area. We also aimed to estimate patient cost savings from telemedicine, before and after the California COVID-19 "Safer at Home" directive, and to estimate patient satisfaction with telemedicine for pain management care., Methods: This was a retrospective, observational case series study of telemedicine use in a pain division at an urban academic medical center. From August 2019 to June 2020, we evaluated 1398 patients and conducted 2948 video visits for remote pain management care. We used the publicly available Internal Revenue Service's Statistics of Income data to estimate hourly earnings by zip code in order to estimate patient cost savings. We estimated median travel time and travel distance with Google Maps' Distance Matrix application programming interface, direct cost of travel with median value for regular fuel cost in California, and time-based opportunity savings from estimated hourly earnings and round-trip time. We reported patient satisfaction scores derived from a postvisit satisfaction survey containing questions with responses on a 5-point Likert scale., Results: Patients who attended telemedicine visits avoided an estimated median round-trip driving distance of 26 miles and a median travel time of 69 minutes during afternoon traffic conditions. Within the sample, their median hourly earnings were US $28 (IQR US $21-$39) per hour. Patients saved a median of US $22 on gas and parking and a median total of US $52 (IQR US $36-$75) per telemedicine visit based on estimated hourly earnings and travel time. Patients who were evaluated serially with telemedicine for medication management saved a median of US $156 over a median of 3 visits. A total of 91.4% (286/313) of patients surveyed were satisfied with their telemedicine experience., Conclusions: Telemedicine use for pain management reduced travel distance, travel time, and travel and time-based opportunity costs for patients with pain. We achieved the successful implementation of telemedicine across a pain division in an urban academic medical center with high patient satisfaction and patient cost savings., (©Laleh Jalilian, Irene Wu, Jakun Ing, Xuezhi Dong, Joshua Sadik, George Pan, Heather Hitson, Erin Thomas, Tristan Grogan, Michael Simkovic, Nirav Kamdar. Originally published in JMIR Perioperative Medicine (http://periop.jmir.org), 27.04.2022.)

Smith-Kingsmore syndrome (SKS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by macrocephaly/megalencephaly, developmental delay, intellectual disability, hypotonia, and seizures. It is caused by dominant missense mutations in MTOR. The pathogenicity of novel variants in MTOR in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders can be difficult to determine and the mechanism by which variants cause disease remains poorly understood. We report 7 patients with SKS with 4 novel MTOR variants and describe their phenotypes. We perform in vitro functional analyses to confirm MTOR activation and interrogate disease mechanisms. We complete structural analyses to understand the 3D properties of pathogenic variants. We examine the accuracy of relative accessible surface area, a quantitative measure of amino acid side-chain accessibility, as a predictor of MTOR variant pathogenicity. We describe novel clinical features of patients with SKS. We confirm MTOR Complex 1 activation and identify MTOR Complex 2 activation as a new potential mechanism of disease in SKS. We find that pathogenic MTOR variants disproportionately cluster in hotspots in the core of the protein, where they disrupt alpha helix packing due to the insertion of bulky amino acid side chains. We find that relative accessible surface area is significantly lower for SKS-associated variants compared to benign variants. We expand the phenotype of SKS and demonstrate that additional pathways of activation may contribute to disease. Incorporating 3D properties of MTOR variants may help in pathogenicity classification. We hope these findings may contribute to improving the precision of care and therapeutic development for individuals with SKS., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Diagnostic genetic testing is recommended for children with autism spectrum disorder and other neurodevelopmental disorders. One approach to improve access to genetic testing is to offer it on the inpatient child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) service. We provided medical genetics education to CAP fellows and retrospectively compared the genetic testing rates and diagnostic yield pre- and post-education. We compared demographics to similar patients who received testing on other clinical services and assessed rates of outpatient genetics follow-up post-discharge. The genetic testing rate on the inpatient CAP service was 1.6% before the educational intervention and 10.7% afterward. Genetic risk factors were identified in 4.3% of inpatients. However, 34.8% had variants of unknown significance. 39.1% of patients who received genetic testing while inpatients were underrepresented minorities, compared to 7.7% of inpatients who received genetic testing from other clinical services. 43.5% of patients were lost to outpatient genetics follow-up. We have demonstrated that it is feasible to provide medical genetics education to CAP fellows on an inpatient service, which may improve genetic testing rates. This preliminary evidence also suggests that genetic testing for inpatients may identify variants of unknown significance instead of well-known neurodevelopmental disorder risk variants. Genetic testing on an inpatient CAP service may also improve access to genetic services for underrepresented minorities, but assuring outpatient follow-up can be challenging. LAY SUMMARY: Genetic testing is recommended for children with autism and related developmental conditions. We provided genetic testing to a group of these children who were in a psychiatric hospital by teaching their doctors how it can be helpful. We identified a genetic risk factor in a small percentage of children and a possible genetic risk factor in a large percentage of children. However, many children did not end up receiving their genetic test results once they left the hospital. These results tell us that the psychiatric hospital may be a good place for children with autism and behavioral problems to get genetic testing, but that it is really important that doctors assure follow-up is feasible for all patients to receive their genetic test results once they leave the hospital. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1450-1464. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc., (© 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, LLC.)

Multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor of the cerebrum is a rare supratentorial brain tumor described for the first time in 2013. Here, we report 11 cases of infratentorial lesions showing similar striking imaging features consisting of a cluster of low T1-weighted imaging and high T2-FLAIR signal intensity nodules, which we referred to as multinodular and vacuolating posterior fossa lesions of unknown significance. No relationship was found between the location of the lesion and clinical symptoms. A T2-FLAIR hypointense central dot sign was present in images of 9/11 (82%) patients. Cortical involvement was present in 2/11 (18%) of patients. Only 1 nodule of 1 multinodular and vacuolating posterior fossa lesion of unknown significance showed enhancement on postcontrast T1WI. DWI, SWI, MRS, and PWI showed no malignant pattern. Lesions did not change in size or signal during a median follow-up of 3 years, suggesting that multinodular and vacuolating posterior fossa lesions of unknown significance are benign malformative lesions that do not require surgical intervention or removal., (© 2019 by American Journal of Neuroradiology.)

Background and Purpose: Magnetic Resonance Imaging is the modality of choice to detect spinal cord lesions in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). However, this imaging is challenging. New sequences such as phase-sensitive inversion recovery have been developed to improve detection. Our aim was to compare a 3D phase-sensitive inversion recovery and a conventional imaging dataset including postcontrast T2WI and T1WI to detect MS spinal cord lesions., Materials and Methods: This retrospective single-center study included 100 consecutive patients with MS (mean age, 41 years) from January 2015 to June 2016. One senior neuroradiologist and 1 junior radiologist blinded to clinical data checked for new spinal cord lesions, individually analyzing conventional and 3D phase-sensitive inversion recovery datasets separately, placing a 3-week delay between the 2 readings. A consensus reading was done with a third senior neuroradiologist. A Wilcoxon test was used to compare the 2 imaging datasets. Intra- and interobserver agreement was assessed by the κ coefficient., Results: 3D phase-sensitive inversion recovery detected significantly more lesions than conventional imaging (480 versus 168, P < .001). Eleven patients had no detected lesions on T2WI, whereas 3D phase-sensitive inversion recovery detected at least 1 lesion. All postcontrast T1WI enhancing lesions were also visible on 3D phase-sensitive inversion recovery. The signal-to-noise ratio was significantly higher using 3D phase-sensitive inversion recovery (0.63 versus 0.46, P = .03). Mean reading confidence was significantly higher using 3D phase-sensitive inversion recovery. Inter- and intraobserver agreement was good for both datasets., Conclusions: Our study showed that 3D phase-sensitive inversion recovery significantly improved detection of cervical spinal cord lesions, including both enhancing and nonenhancing lesions in patients with MS., (© 2019 by American Journal of Neuroradiology.)