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The applicability of UV spectroscopy to the quantitative determination of ribavirin in aqueous solutions was demonstrated. The existence of a third conformational form of ribavirin was found, and the optimization of three ribavirin conformers was performed using the nonempirical Kohn–Sham method. It was found that, regardless of the confirmation of ribavirin molecules, the absorption maximum of its aqueous solution corresponds to 206 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A "Green" solvent-economic synthetic approach towards 5,11,17,23,29,35,41,47-octa-tert-butyl- 49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56-octaoxycalix[8]arene has been developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of the model experiment data, the complexing activity coefficients for 6-nitroazolo[5,1- c][1,2,4]triazines and 6-nitroazolo[1,5-a][1,2,4]pyrimidines were calculated with respect to magnesium ions. Derivatives of both 6-nitrotriazolotriazines and 6-nitrotriazolopyrimidines containing electron-acceptor substituents at the second position of the triazole ring have been shown to be capable of creating extracellular magnesium deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New silver nanocomposites (AgNCs) based on copolymers of N-methyl-2-azanorbornene-5 (MAN), N-benzyl-2-azanorbornene-5 (BAN), N-allyl-2-azanorbornene-5 (AAN) and N-(2-azanorbornene-5)methylacetate (MAAN) with acrylic acid (AA) have been developed. The reduction of silver ions into silver nanoparticles was achieved using NaBH4 as a reducing agent. UV-spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to characterize the formation of silver nanoparticles in copolymers. The average silver particle size ranged from 15 to 52 nm, with the corresponding UV-vis absorption peak position at 400-412 nm. The AgNCs have exhibited significant cytotoxic activity towards melanoma line cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The copolymers of N-methyl-2-azanorbornene-5 (MAN), N-benzyl-2-azanorbornene-5 (BAN), N-allyl-2- azanorbornene-5 (AAN) and N-(2-azanorbornene-5)methylacetate (MAAN) with N-vinylpyrrolidone (VP) have been obtained by free radical polymerization. New copolymers were evaluated for their antioxidant properties in lipid peroxidation induced by iron/ascorbate and in erythrocyte hemolysis by H2O2. The copolymer of BAN-VP has found to inhibit lipid peroxidation in liver homogenate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

δ-Lactone's formation processes in alkaline aqueous-ethanolic monosaccharide systems have been studied using derivative FTIR spectroscopy. Three monosaccharides – D-glucose (Glc), D-galactose (Gal), D-mannose (Man) show some differences in lactonization pathways. Two parallel reactions such as enolate Spengler-Pfannenstiel degradation and Cannizzaro reaction of α-dicarbonyl compounds lead to various saccharinic acids, which may form lactones as a part of condensed caramel structure. Second derivative spectra in region of 1760-1700 cm−1 shows six- member "lactone" bands near 1738 cm-1 (Gal, Man) and 1745, 1755 cm−1 (Glc) for 1 hour thermosttating products, as soon as for 1.5 hours thermostatted products "lactone" bands at 1747 cm−1 registered only for mannose and at 1738 cm−1 for all systems. FTIR bands position suggests the including lactone's fragments in caramel condensed structure. Spectra character can be explained by the difference in enolization rate and conformation type of monosaccharides and its six- member lactones. Formation of free D-glucono-δ-lactone in reactions confirmed by the FTIR spectra analysis of chromatographic zones extracts with Rf values of 0.20-0.40, at the same time δ-lactones of mannose and galactose are not isolated in pure form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The series of novel oxazole derivatives (3-4) have been synthesized. All the entitles compounds were characterized by IR, 1H, 13C NMR, mass spectra. All the lead compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity. The compound 4f having chloro substituent on the aromatic ring displays greater antimicrobial activity particularly against P. aeruginosa and P. crysogenum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The series of novel thiazole derivatives (4-5) have been synthesized. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H, 13C NMR, mass spectra. All the lead compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity. The compound 5f having chloro substituent on the aromatic ring displays greater antimicrobial activity particularly against P. aeruginosa and P. crysogenum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and efficient microwave irradiated synthesis of bis(α-aminophosphonates) has been developed by the reaction of 1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diamine, aromatic aldehydes, and dimethyl phosphite in the presence of calcium bromide as catalyst under neat conditions at room temperature. All the title compounds were screened for their anticoagulant activity using blockasol as standard. The compounds containing thio group exhibited promising anticoagulant activity when compared to blockasol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple approach for the synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones from aldehydes with β-ketoester and urea using BAILs as a catalyst at room temperature and solvent-free condition. This method shows high yields and simple separation techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural stilbenes are of significant interest for their wide range of biological activity and other prospects for the development of medical and bioorganic chemistry. The most well-known of stilbenoids is resveratrol, which is produced by some plants in response to mechanical damage or injured by microorganisms and bacteria. Resveratrolis interesting for the chemical and biological industry for its wide spectrum of biological activity. However, it cannot be considered as a medicine because of its poor bioavailability and fast metabolism. The synthesis of a close analog such as 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexamethoxystilbene (HMS) and coupling of its with an azaheterocyclic compounds, will provide a new series of compounds with potential biological activity against socially significant compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of novel benzotriazoles containing urea has been efficiently synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Some of the molecules exhibited promising antibacterial activity when compared to the reference standard, Ciprofloxacin. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds was found to be moderate when compared to the standard, Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of Brønsted acidic ionic liquids (BAILs) has been well established to be an efficient ionic liquid catalyst for the synthesis of different biologically capable coumarin derivatives. Thus, an efficient synthetic method for the preparation of dicoumarol derivatives of the reaction between 4-hydroxycoumarin with aryl aldehyde employing BAILs as acid catalyst under neat condition has been performed. This present method has the demanding advantages such as excellent yield of products, minimizing the production of chemical wastes, shorter reaction profile, mild reaction conditions, simple operational procedure, and easy preparation/separation of catalyst as a non-corrosive and stable ionic liquid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple, efficient, and green method for the one-pot synthesis of 4(3H)-quinazolinones by condensation of anthranilic acid, orthoesters, and amines in the presence of Brønsted Acidic ionic liquid has been developed. the advantages of the present protocol are this occurred at room temperature, under solvent-free conditions to afford the products in excellent yields, easy workup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brønsted acidic ionic liquid (BAIL) found an efficient and eco-friendly for quinoxaline preparation via condensation of 1,2-phenylene diamines and 1,2-diketones. This simple protocol is carried out under solvent-free condition and at room temperature. Relatively short reaction times, high yields, efficiency, generality, simple methodology, low-cost materials, easy work-up, ease of preparation and regeneration of the catalyst and green conditions are the main advantages of this protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present review is devoted to the reactivity of a special class of donor-acceptor (DA) cyclopropanes, namely cyclopropanes with the nucleophilic group at ortho-position of the donor aromatic substituent. Over the past few years, new synthetic approaches to these substrates were proposed and these cyclopropanes were applied to the synthesis of dihydrobenzofurans, dihydrobenzothiophenes, substituted chromanes and cyclopropacoumarin derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contents of rosmarinic acid and phenolic compounds were studied in 13 habitats of Prunella vulgaris L. and in 6 habitats of Prunella grandiflora L. in the Middle and Southern Urals. Studies have shown that P. grandiflora and P. vulgaris are promising sources of phenolic compounds and rosmarinic acid. By HPLC method, P. grandiflora showed higher content of rosmarinic acid than P. vulgaris in the Middle and Southern Urals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study results of thin semiconductor films CdxPb1-xS sensory properties in relation to the nitrogen dioxide content in the air are presented. The effect of the cadmium acetate CdAc2 concentration salt in a reaction mixture on the phase composition, crystal structure, and morphology of the solid solution CdxPb1−xS synthesized films has been established using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy methods. It has been revealed that sensory-based on deposited films of different composition have distinction interaction with nitrogen dioxide. The threshold for determination is the concentration of NO2 in the air of about 0.08 mg/m3. The spontaneous relaxation of thin films after contact with nitrogen dioxide makes it possible of creating reusable chemical sensors based on CdxPb1−xS films characterized by relatively low threshold concentrations of nitrogen dioxide detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contamination of environmental water sources leads to its accumulation in living organisms with negative consequences in biochemical pathways. To predict consequences, the determination of lead (or other metal) is provided by different methods. With the development of nanotechnology, simple, rapid methods are considered. Among them, lateral flow tests meet the above parameters. The use of gold nanoparticles labeled with poly-C aptamer molecules allows for the visualization of complexes of lead with aptamer on the gold surface. To form the test line of the strip conjugate of carrier protein with a chelating agent, interacting with lead is required. A method for the synthesis of a conjugate of a carrier protein (bovine serum albumin) and chelating molecule (aminophenylboronic acid) to catch the complex (lead ion with aptamer on the nanoparticle surface) in the test zone is proposed. The developed technique is promising for the purpose of determination of lead in water samples at the concentration 5 ng/ml, which is almost the same concentration established by the World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water (10 ng/ml). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoparticles of oxygen-containing erbium compounds in an aqueous medium were obtained via condensation method from aqueous solutions of erbium nitrate and erbium chloride. It is shown that nanodispersions are stable for a long time both to sedimentation and to coagulation in definite ranges of pH that mainly provided by the action of the electrostatic factor. Erbium-containing nanoparticles can find their application as dopants in the preparation of active fibers in lasers used in medicine, as well as in cosmetology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A set of new chromophores of D-π-A type has been prepared; their molecules consist of an electron-donating carbazole unit-linked via π-bridges, bearing 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) moiety, with an anchoring electron-deficient dicyanovinylidene group (DCV). Their UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectra were recorded; the electrochemical properties were studied with cyclic voltammetry. As a result, such important characteristics as HOMO/LUMO energy values, bandgaps values and molar absorption coefficients were experimentally determined. It has been found that the synthesized compounds have low band gap values (∼2.2 – 2.4 eV) and show high molar absorption coefficients (∼25000-30000 M−1cm−1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quinoxalin-2-one reacts with benzaldehyde phenylhydrazones in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid to afford products of nucleophilic substitution of hydrogens. The reactions of quinoxaline-2-one with indole-3-carbaldehyde phenylhydrazones give trifluoroacetyl derivatives of hydrazones with Z-configuration over C=N bond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of two synthesized compounds of the 1,2,3-triazolo[5,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine class as well as three known plant growth regulators (gibberellic acid, thidiazurone and 6-benzylaminopyrine)on seed germination and growth of seedlings of B. napus of the "Heros" linear variety was studied. It was shown that treatment with gibberellic acid slowed the germination of seeds especially at the concentration of 10 mg/L. Treatment with TT1 and TT2 compounds at a concentration of 5 mg/L had the best effect on seed germination and seedling growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of 3,5-diarylsubstituted 2,6-dicyanoanilines containing carbazole fragments is described. The optical and electrochemical characteristics of the obtained compounds were studied. Based on the experimental data the values of the bandgap are calculated [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new chromophores– 1-hetaryl-2-(4-nitrophenyl)diazenes, have been synthesized and converted subsequently into another four chromophores –1-hetaryl-2-(4-aminophenyl)- and 1-hetaryl-2-[(4-[(2,5-dithienyl)-1H- pyrrol-1-yl]phenyl)-diazenes. Their optical and electrochemical properties were studied; solutions of all prepared compounds showed a broad UV-Vis absorption range of 220-600 nm with high molar absorption coefficients in a 61000-91000 M−1cm−1 range and the broad red-shifted emission maxima. Pyrrol- and carbazole-containing chromophores including simultaneously unsubstituted SNS-fragment have the highest values of absorption and emission maxima and the absorption edge as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mg-doped alumina ceramics were synthesized at different parameters. Pulsed cathode- and photoluminescence spectra have been measured to evaluate the effect defects on luminescence. Doping of magnesium leads to forming a new luminescence band in pulsed cathodoluminescence spectra with the maximum at 518 nm, which associated with ether luminescence centers Mg2+ of spinel or F22+ aggregate centers of the alumina initial matrix. During annealing under vacuum at temperatures higher than 1500 °C a wide luminescence band with the maximum at 640 nm is observed for Mg-doped alumina ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Azoles are the principal core structures present in natural products and acquired significance due to a wide range of biological properties associated with them. Amongst different azoles, oxadiazole and their derivatives have gained importance as they constitute the structural features of many bioactive compounds. 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticancer and anticonvulsant properties. In fact, the combination of different heterocyclic units in a molecule may alter the biopotency which can accommodate multiple biological targets. In continuation of our interest in the synthesis of bioactive heterocyclic compounds, we focused our attention to develop some new oxadiazoles under ultrasonication. The work related to these aspects will be presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, we report the structural analogs of the antiviral drug Triazavirin. We carry out a study of nucleophilic substitution reaction of the nitro group in azolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazines with various aromatic amines and a hydrazine derivative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To modify the metal/nonmetal surface properties like hardness, wear and corrosion resistance, surface coating technology is the easiest and inexpensive method. Out of various surface coating methods, the sputter coating technique is one of the prominent methods to improve surface properties. Sputter coating techniques are widely used in aerospace, automobile, solar panels, and various engineering fields to improve the surface properties. The present study focused on various materials used in the sputter coating techniques to develop thin films on various components. The influence of coating materials on hardness, wear and corrosion resistance of the various materials like steels, magnesium and their alloys are also explained in detail in this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid solution CdxPb1−xS films were synthesized by chemical bath deposition method from aqueous solutions of lead acetate and cadmium salts with different anionic component concentrations up to C[CdAn] = 0.06 mol/L in the presence of thiourea and complexing agents. According to X-ray structural analysis, introducing cadmium salts resulted in a decrease in the lattice parameter. The lowest value of the lattice parameter is observed for salts containing oxygen in the anionic component. The cadmium content of these films is estimated to be x = 0.24. Analysis of the absorption spectra of CdxPb1−xS films in the near IR range indicates the increase in the bandgap width of lead sulfide when cadmium is added. When the anion of the cadmium salt changes from iodide-ion to acetate-ion, the bandgap increases from 0.62 to 0.77 eV. The larger bandgap is consistent with the greater cadmium concentration in the films determined from the X-ray structural analysis and indicates the beneficial effect of oxygen on the introduction of cadmium into the lead sulfide lattice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct coupling of heteroaldehydes with heteroaryl amines/sulfonylamines is performed under green conditions using PEG-400 in the presence of oxidant CCl3CN/H2O2. The presence of electron-withdrawing substituents on heteroaldehydes increased the yield. Further heteroaryl amines favor the reaction when compared with heteroaryl sulfonylamines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of antibiotics in the inflammatory periodontal disease treatment has led to the selection and spread of multiple resistant microflora strains [1]. In this situation, phyto preparations are of particular importance. Berberine, the main active component of barberry root extract, has specific bacteriostatic activity against the main period onto pathogenic microorganisms. The data obtained in this study with ultrasound Dopplerography and histopathology methods indicate the effectiveness of a dental gel based on barberry root extract 0.015 mg / g use in the inflammatory periodontal disease treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of indoles with carbonyl compounds in the presence of 5 mol% Meglumine Sulphate (MS) in acetonitrile was executed to synthesize bis(indolyl)methane derivatives using conventional and ultrasonication methods. The reaction proceeded in shorter reaction time in ultrasonication methodology leading to high yield of the products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the moistures were used phenyl-, 4'-aminophenil- and 4'-pyrydil radicals. Photophysical properties of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles are considered. Such properties are recorded using three different solvent (acetonitrile, ethanol, and water). Then titration by trifluoroacetic acid is carried out. The bigger change in UV-visible spectrum was observed for 4-aminophenyl-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyclic sulfonamides (sultams) gained importance due to their potential pharmaceutical activity. Amongst these, 1,2-benzothiazine-1,1-dioxide and their derivatives represent the most familiar class of non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) available in the market. In fact, Meloxicam and Piroxicam, the members of oxicam family are used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs. Azoles are potential chemical entities with a wide range of pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and antiparasitic. In continuation of our efforts to develop potential multifunctional heterocycles, we have synthesized novel azolylbenzothiazine carboxamides and studied their cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. The results of these aspects will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic-inorganic phosphors were synthesized by intercalation of layered yttrium-europium hydroxide dodecyl sulfate and terephthalic ions in an autoclave. The weight ratio of layered hydroxides to terephthalic acid was 1:10, 1:3 and 1:1, and the mole ratio of nitrate ions to dodecyl sulfate ions was 1:10. The luminescence of these samples has also been compared in the present study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is a deadly disease evading all human efforts to understand its etiology, prevention, and cure. In cancer, chronic myelogenous leukemia is one type. It is also known as chronic myeloid leukemia. It is a malignant cancer of the myeloid line of cells in the bone marrow that results in the uncontrolled growth of white blood cells in the bone marrow, bloodstream, and body tissues. Colorectal cancer is another type of cancer that occurs in the colon or rectum. Sometimes it is called colon cancer. Management of these cancers is highly difficult. In persuasion of our goal to synthesize cancer active compounds, the author accomplished the synthesis of substituted amino methylene bisphosphonates (3a-j) and studied their antitumor activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have been synthesized simple, efficient various alkyl 2-{di[(diethoxy phosphoryl) methyl]amino}ester derivatives by reacting amino acid esters 1(a-j), paraformaldehyde and two molar equivalents of diethyl hydrogenphosphonate (2) in tetrahydrofuran at 55-65 °C for 10 hrs. All the compounds 3(a-j) were assessed for cytotoxicity against some important types of human chronic myeloid leukemia cells (K-562) and human colon carcinoma cells (Colo-205) along with noncancerous human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ionic liquids (ILs) technology has been emerged as most prominent approach for the CO2 capture, which is an important phenomena in oil & natural gas industry during the gas sweetening process. The remarkable performance of IL polymers for the CO2 capture provided new opportunities to upgrade this technology in recent years. Therefore, in the present study, we have prepared different IL polymers namely poly(1-vinylimidazole), poly(1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium bromide), poly(1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium bis(trifluoro methylsulfonyl))imide and zeolite incorporated poly(1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium bis(trifluoro methylsulfonyl)imide materials and evaluated their CO2 capture efficiency. The synthesized IL polymers were characterized by FT-IR, FE-SEM and EDX. The CO2 sorption experiments were conducted using gas sorption cell, and the results revealed that zeolite incorporated IL polymer has adsorbed highest amount of CO2 (1.58 mol) and recorded the highest pressure drop over other IL polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hexagonal wurtzite structured CdS nanoparticles were synthesized by using a chemical precipitation method. Various spectroscopic technics were used for the characterization of the prepared sample. The X-ray diffraction pattern shows the high intense crystalline peaks and the average crystallite size is found to be 19 nm. FT-IR spectrum exhibited a metal sulfide band at 615 cm−1 and other functional groups. SEM micrographs reveal the non-uniformly distributed spherical shaped structures. EDS analysis confirms the stoichiometric composition and presence of target elements. The optical absorption spectrum exhibited a broad peak at 510 nm, which indicates the shifting of the absorption rage of CdS nanoparticles into the visible region. PL spectrum exhibited the characteristic emission bands in visible region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic nanophosphor materials have captivated the worldwide attention into the field of solid-state lighting emission displays, plasma display panels, light-emitting diodes, IR quantum counters, scintillation, etc. Nanotechnology is the foremost superior in the development of phosphors with definite size and shape. Alkali and alkaline earth phosphates are promising candidates for the inorganic phosphor materials. Manufacturing of nano-inorganic materials gained much interest due to their advance lighting applications. In this work, novel Co2+ doped Calcium Cadmium Phosphate hydrate nanophosphor (CaCdPH: Co2+) was synthesized by a traditional solid-state reaction technique. The synthesized sample was characterized by Powder XRD, SEM equipped with EDX and FTIR techniques. The hexagonal phase of the prepared CaCdPH: Co2+sample was confirmed by x-ray diffraction results, and the average crystallite size was evaluated. FTIR demonstrated the formation of vibrational modes ascribed to phosphate molecules and other hydroxyl groups. The morphologies of the CaCdPH: Co2+ nanophosphor was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cadmium Calcium Pyrophosphate doped with Pr3+ and Yb3+ was prepared by solution combustion synthesis. The luminescence studies and chromatic properties of the prepared sample were examined in the present study. The luminescence spectra of CdCaP: Pr3+ shows relevant peaks with emission at 599 nm upon excitation of 445 nm, whereas CdCaP: Yb3+ shows a peak at 536 nm when excited with 254 nm. The CIE 1931 chromaticity color coordinates for CdCaP: Pr3+ & CdCaP: Yb3+ were located in orange and greenish-yellow regions respectively. CCT and color purity values of the prepared samples were evaluated using McCam empirical formula and respective equation of color purity. Color Rendering Index (CRI) values of the prepared samples were calculated using the color calculator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile and highly efficient and green synthetic protocol is developed for the bioactive 2-amino-3-cyano-4H-chromen-4-ylphosphonates by the one-pot reaction of various salicylaldehydes, malononitrile, and diethyl phosphite using sulfamic acid as an efficient, reusable and heterogeneous solid acid catalyst. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by their 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 31P-NMR, and Mass spectral studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fast, efficient and environmentally benign synthesis of pyrazolyl pyrrole derivatives has been developed by the one-pot multicomponent reaction of an aldehyde, nitroalkane, amine, and enolizable reactant with active C-H group, using Phosphosulfonic acid (PSA) as reusable solid acid catalyst under mild, solvent-free, ultra-sonication conditions. In comparison to the existing conventional methods, this green and efficient protocol provides remarkable advantages such as good to excellent yields, lower reaction time, less cost, easy work-up and solvent-free. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present research study, ITO/TiO2 thin films were prepared on a glass substrate by using an electron beam (e-beam) evaporation system at different annealing temperatures (300, 350, 400 and 450 °C). The amorphous and crystalline natures of ITO/TiO2 structure were analyzed by X-ray diffraction study. As the grain size becomes larger, indirectly it will develop the crystalline quality of the TiO2 films studied from AFM. The surface of TiO2 films and the crystalline size of the sample were increased gradually with respect to a temperature that is observed in SEM. The elemental composition determined by the energy dispersive analysis of EDAX showed that TiO2 thin films were highly stoichiometric. Further, the higher optical transmittance (∼93%) was obtained with 450 °C annealed ITO/ TiO2 film. The optical band gap increased along with annealing temperatures (300, 350, 400 and 450 °C). All the above results of this present work can be utilized for solar cell and optoelectronic device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The possibility of synthesizing copper aluminate with a delafossite structure at a temperature of 1000 °С was shown. It was found that the cooling rate significantly affects the shape of diffraction peaks. The activation energy of conductivity is determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concern towards the increasing challenges of sustainable agriculture made the researchers towards significant technological development and innovations in recent years. In particular, Nanotechnology offers potential solutions to improve agricultural production assuring sustainability. The incorporation of nanotechnology as a means of nano pesticides delivers the pesticides appropriately i.e., targeted delivery of pesticides by lowering the indiscriminate use of conventional pesticides. The assets of a nanoencapsulated pesticide formulation are controlled releasing properties with enhanced solubility, specificity, permeability and stability. They provide in-built switches to control the release and subsequent availability of pesticides to be used effectively over a given period of time and their design enables them to resist the severe environmental processes such as leaching, evaporation, photolytic hydrolytic and microbial degradation over conventional pesticides. This review provides fundamental information to critically assess the significant role of nanotechnology for the encapsulation of pesticides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Removal of toxic pollutants such as heavy metals from wastewater is of utmost importance in the current century. Heavy metals have severed a big problem in the world. Several tools have been established to mitigate this problem. In this research paper, Indonesian Kaolin-nano zerovalent iron (IK-nZVI) was synthesized as a model adsorbent for Pb(II) removal from wastewater. The efficiency of IK supported nZVI for Pb(II) removal efficiency was estimated by accompanying batch experiments. The examined parameters included the amount of IK-nZVI, the concentration of Pb(II) removal and the effect of pH. The results revealed that the IK-nZVI was efficient for the removal of Pb(II) from waste water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complex kinetic studies of the KU-2×8 cation exchanger's oxidative degradation with the Fenton reaction were conducted. The influence of the process temperature and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide on the rate of the KU-2×8 cation exchanger's oxidation was studied. The influence of the concentration of the catalytic additives of copper(II) and iron(II) sulfates on the KU-2×8 cation exchanger's oxidative destruction was estimated. The activation energy values of the reaction of non-catalytic and catalytic oxidation of the KU-2×8 cation exchanger with hydrogen peroxide are established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The creation of new functional materials based on two or more components is complicated by the need of preparing a wide range of possible compositions in stable conditions. Upon preparing thin binary films for widest compositions diapason it is convenient to use the method of vacuum evaporation pure substances from two spatially distant crucibles. It makes possible to form a continuous film composition gradient on the substrate. The Vekshinsky binary field method allows to estimate the composition in each point of the sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]