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Ovaj rad daje uvid u razvoj sakralne umjetnosti i arhitekture na području Garčinskog dekanata u Đakovačko-osječkoj nadbiskupiji u 18. i 19. stoljeću. Analizom dostupnih izvora nastalih u 18. stoljeću prikazan je razvoj sakralne arhitekture u svjetlu katoličke obnove u oslobođenoj Slavoniji. Uvidom u dostupne izvore, dokumentaciju i trenutno stanje građevina prikazan je razvoj sakralne arhitekture župnih sjedišta u Garčinu, Trnjanima, Oprisavcima, Klakaru i Svilaju s fokusom na postojeće župne crkve. Uz analizu arhitektonskih odlika, ukratko su prikazane i važnije promjene u interijeru crkava s posebnim naglaskom na vrjedniji inventar. This thesis provides a comprehensive overview of the development of sacred art and achitecture in the area of the Garčin Deanery in the Đakovo-Osijek Archdiocese in the 18th and 19th centuries. Based on the analysis of available sources, the development of sacral architecture in Slavonia after liberation from Ottoman rule is presented. Furthermore, within the framework of this work, the development of sacral architecture in parish seats Garčin, Trnjani, Oprisavci, Klakar and Svilaj is explained using existing text sources and the current condition of the buildings, with the focus on the present-day parish churches. In addition to analyzing architectural elements, important changes in the interior of the church are also presented, especially with empasis to valuable objects. Die vorliegende Arbeit bietet einen umfassenden Überblick über die Entwicklung der sakralen Kunst und Architektur auf dem Gebiet des Dekanats Garčin im Erzbistum Đakovo-Osijek im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert. Basierend auf der Analyse verfügbarer Quellen wird die Entwicklung der sakralen Architektur in Slawonien nach der Befreiung von der osmanischen Herrschaft dargestellt. Des Weiteren wird im Rahmen dieser Arbeit die Entwicklung der sakralen Architektur in Pfarreisitzen Garčin, Trnjani, Oprisavci, Klakar und Svilaj anhand vorhandener Textquellen und des aktuellen Zustands der Gebäude erläutert, wobei die jeweiligen heutigen Pfarrkirchen im Mittelpunkt stehen. Neben der Analyse architektonischer Elemente werden auch wichtige Änderungen des Kircheninterieurs dargestellt, besonders im Hinblick auf wertvolle Gegenstände.

U diplomskom radu nabrajaju se i analiziraju lokaliteti koji se datiraju u period od 4. do 11. stoljeća, odnosno kasne antike i ranog srednjeg vijeka na području Splitskog poluotoka. Cilj je rada dobiti topografski prikaz razvoja Splita iz carske palače u srednjovjekovni grad. Područje se Splitskog poluotoka u navedenom razdoblju razvijalo kroz dinamične geopolitičke promjene i utjecaje koji su vidljivi na lokalitetima. U radu se obrađuju lokaliteti sakralnog, stambenog i gospodarskog karaktera, grobovi te pokretni nalazi. Od lokaliteta su najbrojniji lokaliteti sakralne arhitekture, odnosno crkve. Što se tiče lokacije, crkve su smještene u gradskoj jezgri (palači), izvan gradske jezgre (oko kojih su se formirale gradske četvrti) te na padinama brda Marjan. Stambena se i gospodarska arhitektura uglavnom nalazi unutar palače, dok su grobovi zabilježeni izvan i unutar palače. The MA work lists and analyzes sites dating from the 4th to the 11th century, that is, late antiquity and the early Middle Ages on the Split peninsula. The aim of the work is to obtain a topographical representation of the development of Split from an imperial palace to a medieval city. The area of the Split peninsula in the mentioned time period developed through dynamic geopolitical changes and influences, which are visible in the sites. The work deals with sacral architecture, residential architecture, production facilities, graves and movable finds. Among the sites, the most numerous are the sites of sacral architecture, that is, churches. As for the location, the churches are located in the city core (in palace), outside the city core (around which the city districts were formed) and on the slopes of the Marjan hill. Residential and commercial architecture is mostly found inside the palace, while graves have been recorded outside and inside the palace.

Archiwum Parafii w Rząśni zawiera interesujące dokumenty ukazujące działalność ks. Rocha Nieszporskiego w tej parafii w okresie 44 lat. Powierzono mu stanowisko proboszcza, ponieważ posiadał odpowiednie walory moralne i doświadczenie w pracy duszpasterskiej. Początki jego pracy były trudne ze względu na mały i znajdujący się w złym stanie technicznym kościół oraz niski poziom religijności mieszkańców. Udało mu się pozyskać odpowiednie środki na budowę nowej murowanej świątyni. Głównymi jej fundatorami byli Franciszka i Maciej Płaczkowscy. Poświęcenie kościoła rozpoczęło nowy etap w dziejach parafii, który odznaczał się pogłębieniem religijności wiernych i zwiększeniem ich udziału w formach pobożności. Jednocześnie proboszcz zyskiwał coraz przychylniejsze nastawienie swoich parafian, którzy licznie uczestniczyli przy udziale wielu kapłanów w jubileuszu 50-lecia przyjęcia przez niego święceń kapłańskich. Ks. Roch Nieszporski został pochowany w podziemiach kaplicy cmentarnej, a w kościele umieszczono okolicznościowe epitafium, które przypomina o jego długiej i owocnej działalności w Rząśni., The archive of the Rząśnia parish includes interesting documents showing the activity of Rev. Roch Nieszporski in this parish for the period of 44 years. He was entrusted to manage the post of the parish priest as he had all the necessary moral attributes as well as experience in pastoral work. Beginnings of his work were quite difficult because of a small church, which was in poor condition and a low level of religiousness of inhabitants. He managed to raise adequate funds in order to build a new, brick church. Franciszek and Maciej Płaczkowski were the major founders of it. Dedication of the church began a new chapter in the history of the parish, which marked the growth in religiousness in the faithful and their participation in forms of devotion. At the same time, the parish priest was gaining more positive attitude from his parishioners, who participated actively in his 50-year-jubilee of having been ordained to the Priesthood. Rev. Roch Nieszporski was buried in the cemetery chapel. A commemorative epitath, which reminds people of his long and productive activity in Rząśnia, was placed in the church.

Rad se bavi temom interpretacije baštine i njenog utjecaja na promjenu tradicionalne percepcije muzeja. U početku rada prikazan je kratki pregled povijesti razvoja muzeja i novih praksi komunikacije baštine. Opisana je uloga iskustva kao pokretača novog tipa ekonomije, ali i pokretača trendova u interpretaciji baštine. Zbog dualnog identiteta baštine, njene kulturne i ekonomske vrijednosti, poseban naglasak stavljen je na turizam kao područje u kojoj obje ove vrijednosti dolaze do izražaja. Teorijski okvir rada primijenjen je u izradi interpretacijske staze otoka Paga koja se koncentrira na razdoblje srednjeg vijeka. Vodeći se načelima razvoja lokalnih zajednica i održivog turizma, iznesena je ideja o interpretaciji odabranih lokaliteta kao načinu kontekstualiziranja povijesti otoka i skretanju pozornosti na kulturnu baštinu Paga. Okosnica interpretacijske staze je sakralana baština, kao i razvoj kršćanstva i trag koji je ono kroz povijest ostavilo u društvu i krajoliku. Kroz jedanaest lokaliteta opisana je povijest Paga od prvih ranokršćanskih crkava, utvrda ranog srednjeg vijeka do ekonomskog poleta uzrokovanog eksploatacijom soli koji je kulminirao izgradnjom današnjeg grada Paga u 15. stoljeću. The main focus of this thesis is on the interpretation of cultural heritage and the influence it has in communicating heritage, as well as in transforming the ideas of traditional museums. Primarily, an overview of important historical trends in museological practice is provided, highlighting recent trends in the experiential economy. Because of the cultural value and economic potential of cultural heritage, a section of the paper is devoted to tourism and the role cultural heritage plays in the development of local communities. The ideas presented in the theoretical part of the paper were the starting point for the development of the Interpretative Route of the Island of Pag. The route attempts to contextualize the history of the Middle Ages on Pag through eleven archeological sites on the island. Each site contains an important aspect of the period between the 5th and 15th centuries, which together represent the history of sacral architecture, Christianity and economic and cultural shifts, the influence of which persists in modern traditions, customs and the cultural landscape of Pag.

U ovom diplimskom radu obuhvaćena je teorijska podloga u kojoj je obrađena povijest nastanka crkve Sv. Donata te njezin razvoj, zatim je opisan značaj te crkve za današnji Zadar koja je postala njegovim simbolom. Služeći se literaturom prikazana je i arhitektonska analiza istoimene crkve, te su obrađeni pojmovi arhitekture, osnovni elementi arhitektonskog jezika, te specifičnost sakralne arhitekture. Također prikazano je na koji je način arkitektura i materijalna kulturna baština prisutna u nastavi likovne kulture u nižim razredima osnovne škole. Istraženo je na koji je naćin moguće poticati učenike na istraživanje pojma arhitekture u prva četiri razreda osnovne škole u skolpu predmeta Likovne kulture. Istraživanje je provedeno na javnim satovima Likovne kulture u Osnovnoj školi Petra Preradovića u Zadru nad učeničkim radovima koji su vrednovani po uspješnosti na temelju tablice sa kriterijima uspješnosti. U sva četiri razreda zadan je isti likovni motiv koji se u svakom razredu ostvarivao kroz različite likovne tehnike. U prvom razredu učenici su motiv crkve Sv. Donata prikazali u likovnoj tehnici krede na crnom papiru. U drugom razredu likovni zadatak je bio izraditi plakat sa istoimenim motivom u likovnoj tehnici tempere, dok se u trećem razredu isti motiv obradio modeliranjem u glinamolu. U četvrtom razredu radovi su izvedeni u tehnici kartonskog tiska. U svim razredima bio je jako veliki broj uspješni i vrlo uspješni radova, dok je manje uspješni bilo najviše u prvom razredu ,a najmanje u trećem. Većina učenika u sva četiri razreda bila je iznimno zainteresirana za obradu motiva crkve Sv. Donata, zbog čega kreativnosti i orginalnosti nije nedostajalo. Ovaj diplomski rad na svom samom kraju također obuhvaća i vlastite pisane pripreme za izvođenje nastavnih satova iz predmeta Likovne kulture za sva četiri razreda osnovne škole. The Churchof St. Donat usin Zadar is a pre-Romanesque building that stands out for Its unique nesswith in the Croatian cultural heritage, but it also has a very valuable place in the European cultural heritage. In addition to itssacred value, It is the bearerof the historical and cultural framework on which the cityof Zadar has developed. Through this graduation thes is, the theoretical researches of the Church of St. Donat us will be briefly presented through the historica land artistic context. Also, the possibility of an education alfunction of the Church of St. Donat usin primaryeducation will be displayed. The thesisis divided in to two parts, the theoretical part, which gives a concisedes cription of the development of the Church of St. Donat us guided by literature research, anpractical research that was carriedout in the Art Cultureclass on children's art works, evaluating the success with regard to several criteria. According to the table of criteria, student workwere evaluated as very successful, successful and less successful. At the art classes held at the Petar Preradović Elementary School on the peninsula of the city of Zadar, the same motive was presented for all four classes, the motive of the church of St. Donatus, which is depicted in different art techniques, chalk, tempera, clay and using the technique of card bord printing.

Koločep, smješten u neposrednoj blizini Dubrovnika, iako proporcijama izrazito malen te stanovništvom malobrojan otok, bogat je predromaničkom sakralnom arhitekturom. Ta arhitektura očituje se u čak šest primjera, u ruševinama crkava sv. Frana u Jekavcu, sv. Barbare u Borju, sv. Srđa u Bigama i sv. Mihajla u Donjem Čelu, obnovljenoj crkvi sv. Nikole na groblju te u potpunosti očuvanoj crkvi sv. Antuna Padovanskog u Gornjem Čelu. Radi se o jednobrodnim crkvama malih dimenzija. Njihov brod ima trotravejnu podjelu te se nad njihovim središnjim travejem izdiže kupolica upisana u kubus. Korpus ovih crkvica, na istočnoj strani, završava polukružnom apsidom upisanom u pravokutno tijelo. Na temelju tih arhitektonskih obilježja koločepske se crkvice ubrajaju u južnodalmatinski jednobrodni kupolni tip. Prvi dio ovog završnog rada donosi temeljite preglede arhitektonskih obilježja, liturgijskih instalacija, predloženih datacija te titulara ovih crkvica u obliku kataloga, dok se u drugom dijelu iznose općenita obilježja crkava južnodalmatinskog jednobrodnog kupolnog tipa te se na temelju njih pokušava potvrditi ili pak predložiti pripadnost koločepskih primjeraka ovoj tipologiji. Cilj ovog rada je, kroz iscrpni pregled obilježja koločepskih predromaničkih crkava, naglasiti važnost njihovog očuvanja, ali i daljnjih istraživanja, kako se određena saznanja o njima ne bi temeljila isključivo na pretpostavkama., Koločep, situated in immediate proximity of Dubrovnik, although small in proportion and low in population, is an island that is highly abundant with examples of the pre-Romanesque architecture. That architectural style is illustrated by six examples. The ruins of churches of Saint Frano in Jekavac, Saint Barbara in Borje, Saint Srđ in Bige and Saint Mihajlo in Donje Čelo. As well as the reconstructed church of Saint Nikola on the island's graveyard and by the completely preserved church od Saint Antun Padovanski in Gornje Čelo. These single-naval churches are of smaller proportions. Their nave is divided in three parts with a dome situated inside a cuboid structure rising above the middle one. The nave on the eastern side of these churches ends in a semicircular apse, framed by a rectangular structure. Based on these architectural characteristics, churches of Koločep are included in the southdalmatian singlenaval domed church typology. The first part of this paper presents a thorough review of architectural characteristics, liturgical installations, suggested dating and names of these churches in form of a catalogue, while the second part focuses on general characteristics of churches that are a part of southdalmatian single-naval domed typology. These criteria are used to try and confirm, or even suggest, the appurtenance of the Koločep's churches to this typology. The goal of this paper is to emphasize, through exhaustive reviews of the characteristics of Koločep island's pre-Romanesque churches, the importance of conservation and also of further research, so that certain facts about them would not be based entirely on assumptions

In the system of rule of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Crown Treasurer was one of the most important central ministerial offices. The dignitaries holding this function were in charge of the state’s incomes and expenses, reporting directly to the Seym. Undoubtedly, the achievement of such dignity was an exceptional ennoblement for representatives of individual families of old Poland. In the text analyzing selected career paths of the treasurers from the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries, two questions were raised. First, whether and how the office translated into the foundation policy? The second issue concerns the specificity of the said dignity and its potential impact on the founding activities and strengthening the family. This text is an attempt to compile and compare selected figures of the Crown Treasury from the times of Sigismund III and Władysław IV. During this period, the office was held by, inter alia, representatives of the Firlej, Warszycki, Ligęz and Daniłłowicz families. The proposed method of analysis concerns two levels of activity of dignitaries. On the one hand, it focuses on their career paths, and on the other hand, it compares them with the foundation’s activities, mainly in the field of architecture. An important factor characterizing this office was the emolument of the dignitary with royal goods, which indispensably secured his financial tasks. This was the case with wealthy Jan Firlej. In other cases, the royal salary preceded promotion to office. Daniłłowicze had a unique position in this respect. The appearance of the Treasury Office in the history of the family on the one hand could be a sign of the position achieved, in other cases it only accelerated such promotion. Architectural foundations – residential or religious – were a material sign of building of one’s position. There is no doubt that each of the characters analyzed clearly activated their foundation activities during their term of office. Topographically focusing his attention on the family goods, but also trying to maintain a connection with the court and the administered royal lands. Another, interesting supplement to the possibilities offered by the office of treasurer was the right to place the family coat of arms on coins. W systemie rządów dawnej Rzeczypospolitej podskarbi koronny był jednym z najważniejszych centralnych urzędów ministerialnych. Dostojnicy piastujący tę funkcję sprawowali pieczę nad dochodami i wydatkami państwa, odpowiadając bezpośrednio przed sejmem. Niewątpliwie osiągnięcie tej godności stanowiło wyjątkową nobilitację dla przedstawicieli poszczególnych rodów dawnej Polski. W tekście, analizującym wybrane ścieżki kariery podskarbich z przełomu XVI i XVII w., zostały poruszone dwa pytania. Po pierwsze, czy i w jaki sposób objęty urząd przekładał się na politykę fundacyjną? Drugie zagadnienie dotyczy specyfiki tytułowej godności i jej potencjalnego wpływu na działania fundacyjne i umocnienie rodu. Niniejszy tekst jest próbą zestawienia i porównania wybranych postaci podskarbich koronnych działających w czasach Zygmunta III i Władysława IV. W tym okresie funkcję tę sprawowali m.in. przedstawiciele Firlejów, Warszyckich, Ligezów i Daniłłowiczów. Zaproponowana metoda analizy dotyczy dwóch płaszczyzn aktywności dostojników. Z jednej strony przybliża ich ścieżki kariery, z drugiej zaś zestawia je z działalnością fundacyjną, głównie na polu architektonicznym. Ważnym czynnikiem charakteryzującym ten urząd było uposażenie dostojnika dobrami królewskimi, które w niezbędny sposób zabezpieczało jego zadania finansowe. Taka sytuacja dotyczyła zasobnego Jana Firleja. W innych przypadkach uposażenie królewskie wyprzedzało awans na urząd. Wyjątkową pozycją w tym zakresie dysponowali Daniłłowicze. Pojawienie się urzędu podskarbiowskiego w dziejach rodu z jednej strony mogło być oznaką osiągniętej pozycji, w innych przypadkach dopiero przyspieszało ten awans. Materialną oznaką budowanej pozycji były fundacje architektoniczne – rezydencjonalne lub sakralne. Nie ulega wątpliwości, że każda z przeanalizowanych postaci w czytelny sposób aktywizowała swoje działania fundacyjne w okresie sprawowania urzędu. Topograficznie koncentrując swoją uwagę na dobrach rodowych, ale również starając się zachować związek z dworem i administrowanymi królewszyznami. Innym, intersującym uzupełnieniem możliwości, jakie dawał urząd podskarbiego, było prawo umieszczania na emisji monet herbu rodowego.

Rad donosi kataloški pregled sakralne arhitekture na prostoru nekadašnje ranosrednjovjekovne županije Cetine od kasnoantičkog do ranosrednjovjekovnog perioda. Navedeno područje obuhvaća gornji i srednji tok rijeke Cetine, odnosno današnje gradove Sinj, Vrliku i Trilj te općine Kijevo, Civljane, Hrvace, Otok i Dicmo. Uvodna poglavlja sadrže pregled dosadašnjih arheoloških istraživanja na promatranom području; kraći opis geografskih i povijesnih odrednica Cetinske županije; pregled crkvenog uređenja prostora od pojave kršćanstva do 11. stoljeća te kratak osvrt na rimske gospodarsko-rezidencijalne sklopove. U kataloškom dijelu rada iznesena je analiza kasnoantičkih i ranosrednjovjekovnih sakralnih zdanja i pripadajuće im kamene plastike. Također, svaka kataloška jedinica uključuje i pregled do sada poznate literature o istoj te kraći zaključak na temelju iznesenih informacija. Prostor Cetinske županije arheološki je bogato područje, no još uvijek nije dovoljno istraženo. Na temelju kataloške obrade lokaliteta te njihove kontekstualizacije pomoću geografsko-povijesnih značajki ovog kraja, ali i uz pomoć karata kojima je rad popraćen, u zaključku je predložena interpretacija transformacija kulturno-povijesnog pejzaža današnje Cetinske krajine te komentar na moguća buduća istraživanja. The thesis presents the catalogue overview of the sacral architecture of the early medieval Cetina County from the Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages. This territory encompasses upper and middle course of the Cetina river, that is, present-day towns of Sinj, Vrlika and Trilj and municipalities of Kijevo, Civljane, Hrvace, Otok and Dicmo. The introductory chapters include a review of previous archaeological researches within studied territory; a short description of geographical and historical characteristics of Cetina County; an overview of ecclesiastical organization of the area from the emergence of Christianity to the 11th century and a brief review of Roman residential-economic complexes. The catalogue presents the analysis of the late antique and the early medieval sacral buildings and their stone sculptures. Also, each catalogue entry contains a review of hitherto published literature on the topic and a brief conclusion based on the given information. The territory of Cetina County is an archaeologically rich region, however it hasn't been sufficiently researched yet. Based on the catalogue analysis of the sites and their contextualisation through geographical and historical features of the area, but also with the help of the maps that accompany this paper, the conclusion proposes the interpretation of the cultural and historical landscape transformation of the present-day Cetina region and a commentary on the potential future researches.

Tijekom travnja 2021. godine Institut za arheologiju i Muzej grada Šibenika nastavili su arheološka istraživanja lokaliteta Mukoše kraj Goriša. Riječ je o višeslojnom lokalitetu nastalom urušenjem gornjeg dijela nekog kamenom zidanog objekta impozantne veličine. Jedinstven tlocrt čini pravokutnik s po jednom apsidom na svakoj strani, osim na istočnoj na kojoj su se nalazile dvije apside. Kad je objekt već bio urušen i sličan gomili, u kasnom srednjem vijeku, u njegovom se kutu nalazila promatračnica. Za sada najviše možemo reći tek o završnoj fazi ovog lokaliteta, o vremenu kada je objekt pretvoren u gomilu bio odabran za mjesto pokopavanja. Radiokarbonske nalaze odabranih grobova ove pokope smještaju unutar 16. stoljeća, Upravo se u drugoj četvrtini 16. stoljeća, nakon što je šibensko zaleđe duže vrijeme bila ničija zemlja ispražnjena od stanovništva, na šire područje Goriša doseljava novo stanovništvo – Morlaci kršćani. Oni prvo počinju koristiti već neko vrijeme napuštene posjede, a potom za pokapanje odabiru najbližu lokaciju iz koje su virili čvrsti zidovi vjerujući da je riječ o crkvi, posvećenom tlu., In April 2021, the Institute of Archaeology and the Šibenik Town Museum continued the archaeological excavations at the Mukoše site near Goriš. This multi-layered site was created by the collapse of the upper part of a stone building of imposing size. The unique ground plan consists of a rectangle with one apse on each side, except for the eastern side, where there were two apses. When the building had already collapsed and was similar to a cairn, in the late Middle Ages, it had a watchtower on a corner. For now, most of what we can say concerns the final phase of the site, when the structure-turned-cairn was chosen for burials. The radiocarbon analyses of selected graves date these burials to the 16th century. In fact, in the second quarter of the 16th century, after the Šibenik hinterland had long been a deserted no-man's land, the wider area of Goriš was settled by a new population: Christian Morlachs. They first moved into properties that had been abandoned for some time, and then chose to conduct their burials at the nearest site with upright solid walls, believing it was a church, consecrated ground.

The aim of this essay is to study the now demolished synagogue in Karlstad, Sweden. Its existence, or rather lack thereof, is shrouded in mystery as it remains unmentioned in most of Swedish architectural history research, and only briefly in historical writing about the city of Karlstad. The essay is an attempt to preserve and immortalise the memory of this lost piece of cultural heritage. To better understand the synagogues unique visual character it is set against two of its contemporary contexts - 19th century synagogue buildings in Europe, and the prayer houses built by the Swedish Free church and Mission movements. Describing and analysing the architecture of the synagogue in Karlstad provides a foundation for comparison between examples of these two architectural phenomena.

V zaključni nalogi so predstavljena arhitekturna naročila Normanov, s pomočjo katerih so Normani izkazovali svojo politično oblast, finančno moč in veroizpoved. Začetek arhitekturnih naročil sega v 10. stoletje, ko so se Normani po sprejetju fevdalne ureditve, krščanstva, lokalnega jezika in kulture izoblikovali kot ljudstvo. Na ozemlju, ki so ga dobili, in s samoupravo, ki so jo pridobili, so ustanovili kneževino Normandijo. Ugodni življenjski pogoji in politična stabilnost so jim omogočili, da so pričeli z obnovo in gradnjo sakralnih ter profanih arhitekturnih spomenikov. Vrhunec je normanska arhitektura dosegla sredi 11. stoletja, ko je bila Normandija stabilna in močna vojvodina. Takrat sta bili zgrajeni pomembni normanski opatiji, Sainte-Trinité in Sainte-Étienne v Caenu. Naloga je zastavljena tako, da obravnava sakralne in profane arhitekturne spomenike, ki so jih v času svojega vladanja naročili normanski vladarji. Arhitekturni spomeniki so v besedilu nazorno predstavljeni, prav tako so izpostavljeni nekateri ključni razlogi, zakaj je prišlo do gradnje nekaterih spomenikov in kakšen vpliv so imeli na druga ozemlja. Zaradi lažjega razumevanja je v sklopu naloge predstavljen tudi razvoj normanske zgodovine v Normandiji in njenih najpomembnejših vladarjev. The thesis presents Norman architectural commissions through which the Normans showed their political power, economic power and religious beliefs. The architectural commissions date back to the 10th century when the Normans formed as a nation after adopting feudalism, Christianity, the local language and culture. On their territory and with their autonomy, they founded the Duchy of Normandy. Good living conditions and political stability allowed the Normans to restore and construct sacral and profane architectural monuments. Norman architecture reached its peak in the mid-11th century when Normandy was a strong and stable duchy. During that time, two important Norman abbeys were built – the Abbey of Sainte-Trinité and the Abbey of Saint-Étienne in Caen. The thesis focuses on sacral and profane architectural monuments that were commissioned by Norman rulers during their reign. These architectural monuments represent and also highlight some of the key reasons why some of the monuments were built and the impact they had on other lands. For ease of understanding, the thesis also presents the development of Norman history in Normandy, as well as the reigns of its most important rulers.

En este artículo presentamos un análisis preliminar de la plataforma de cimentación de un templo, cuyas dimensiones y sistema constructivo es fundamental para acercarnos a la arquitectura de la Hispania romana. Las conclusiones expuestas son el resultado de varias campañas arqueológicas de apoyo a la restauración en el yacimiento conocido como castillo de Jimena, la antigua Oba, donde se sitúa el origen de la ciudad. En la zona del templo y sus alrededores se realizaron varias intervenciones arqueológicas de subsuelo, junto a un análisis previo de la estructura emergente, siguiendo la metodología habitual de nuestras intervenciones (Tabales Rodríguez 2002). La investigación ha puesto en evidencia la complejidad constructiva del asentamiento desde época romana hasta las últimas reformas en la Guerra de la Independencia. La plataforma abovedada destaca dentro del conjunto por su tamaño y características edilicias. Su ubicación, en una terraza artificial abovedada en la ladera occidental, conllevó un gran esfuerzo constructivo inserto en un planeamiento general de urbanización de espacios públicos y amurallamiento de la pequeña población, que se llevó a cabo entre el siglo I a. C. y siglo I d. C., indicando el inicio del momento de máximo esplendor de la presencia romana en la zona. We present an initial study based on a foundation platform of a temple, which due to its size and construction system, is a key to approach the architecture of the Roman Spain. Conclusions exposed are the result of several archaeological campaigns supporting the restoration at the site known as castle of Jimena, old Oba, where the origin of the village is situated. Some archaeological excavations and an initial analysis of the construction process were accomplished in the surrounding area, following the usual methodology in our investigations (Tabales Rodríguez 2002). This has exposed the construction complexity of the settlement since the roman days to the last reforms carried out during the War of Independence. The vaulted platform is one of the structures that stand out from the complex because of its size and building characteristics. Its location, at a vaulted artificial terrace on the western slope, involved a great constructive effort included in a general urban planning of public areas and the fortress of the small village that was carried out during the 1st century B.C. and the 1st century A.D., which marks the beginning of the roman golden age in that area.

У време прве владавине кнеза Милоша Обреновића (1815–1839), у Кнежевини Србији je подигнут и обновљен велики број цркава. Активности везане за подизање и обнављање храмова биле су део кнежеве државотворне и личне политике, те су разгранавање парохијске мреже и обезбеђивање градитеља за тај подухват били један од императива. Иако на дoсадашњем ступњу истражености сакралног градитељства овог периода за велики број храмова није могуће утврдити ко су били градитељи, захваљујући сачуваној, и у великој мери публикованој, архивској грађи о многим градитељима постоје сачувани подаци, иако некад непотпуни. Намера је да се овим радом употпуне досадашња знања о сакралном градитељству и градитељима цркава у Србији од 1815. до 1839. године, идентификовањем одређених историјских оквира који су омогућили појаву и доминацију појединих градитељских струја, са акцентом на најзначајнија градитељска имена и њихове појединачне опусе. In the period of the first rule of Prince Miloš Obrenović (1815–1839), many churches were erected and renovated in the Principality of Serbia. These activities included the personal political moves of the Prince toward forming the state. Thus, making a network of parishes and finding the builders had been of the utmost importance. During this politically, economically, and culturally dynamic period of the first rule of Prince Miloš Obrenović, the conditions affecting the development of the sacral building had been changing. As a result, in a relatively short time (three decades), hundreds of churches different in their typology had been built and renovated – starting from the wooden churches, single-nave churches without a bell tower, to those containing bell towers. Te rising need to have more churches was met by hiring the builders from the Ottoman Empire, the southern Balkans – Ohrid, Bitolje, Veles, Vraneš, Kruševo, Carigrad (Constantinople), but also from Bosnia, mainly from Osat. Among these builders, the most renowned were Kosta Dimović, Andrija Sotirović, Janja Mihajlović, Nikola Đorđević, Hadži Nikola Živković, Dimitrije Sotirović, Nastas Stefanović, Sima Vironja, Miroslav Buljugija, Novak, Milutin Gođevac and his sons Aleksa, Đura, and Petar. This southern Balkans’ building impact was dominant until the period 1837-1840 when the Cathedral Church in Belgrade was built by the educated builders from the Habsburg Empire, Friedrich Adam Querfeld and Franz Dobi. After building the Cathedral Church in Belgrade, upon the change in the government in 1842, but also the change in the cultural policy and church reformation, the dominant were the architects and the engineers educated in Europe. They were trusted with making plans, supervising, and building the churches in the Principality of Serbia. This shift represents the end of a dynamic and in many ways unique period in the sacral architecture of the Principality of Serbia.

Tijekom listopada 2020. godine Institut za arheologiju i Muzej grada Šibenika nastavili su 2002. godine prekinuta arheološka istraživanja lokaliteta Mukoše kraj Goriša. Lokalitet, koji je ranije bio tretiran kao gomila promjera oko 35 m i visine do 4 m, pod urušenjem skriva višemetarske ostatke objekta čije vrijeme nastanka, kao ni prvobitna namjena, još uvijek nisu poznati. Osnovu objekta čini pravokutnik veličine oko 18,70 x 19,25 m, koji na jednoj svojoj strani ima dvije manje, a na svim ostalima po jednu veću apsidu. Uočavaju se i unutrašnji zidovi objekta. Kada je objekt već bio urušen, u urušenje su, najvjerojatnije početkom novoga vijeka, bili ukopani brojni grobovi. Glavni cilj ovogodišnjih kraćih istraživanja bio je raskrčiti gusto raslinje izraslo na njemu, steći uvid u tlocrt objekta u mjeri u kojoj je to moguće, istražiti vidljive grobove te sve nacrtno i fotografski dokumentirati., In October 2020, the Institute of Archaeology and the Šibenik City Museum continued the excavation of the site of Mukoše near Goriš that was discontinued in 2002. The site, previously considered to be a tumulus around 35 m in diameter and 4 meters in height, conceals several meters high remains of a structure under the collapsed material, time of origin or the original function of which are still not known. The base of the structure consists of a rectangle around 18.70 x 19.25 m, with two smaller apses on one side and one larger apse on all the other sides. The inner walls of the structure can also be noted. After the structure had already collapsed, multiple graves were buried in the collapsed portion, probably at the beginning of the early modern period. The main goal of this year’s short excavation was to clear out the dense vegetation that had grown on it, gain insight into the floor plan of the structure, to the extent it was possible to do so, excavate visible graves, and document the findings in drawing and photos.

Henryk Buszko i Aleksander Franta należeli do najwybitniejszych postaci środowiska architektonicznego powojennej Polski. Projektowali nie tylko osiedla i świeckie budynki użyteczności publicznej, ale także świątynie, w tym kościół p.w. Podwyższenia Krzyża Świętego i Matki Bożej Uzdrowienia Chorych w Katowicach uznawany za jedną z najlepszych współczesnych realizacji sakralnych. Szczęśliwie w Instytucie Dokumentacji Architektury Biblioteki Śląskiej w Katowicach zachowały się dokumenty dotyczące historii jego budowy, ale także przesłanek ideowych, którymi kierowali się architekci projektując tę świątynię. Architektura to dziedzina z pogranicza sztuki i techniki łącząca w sobie podejście racjonalne i ideowe. W artykule zostaną poruszone kwestie tego, w jaki sposób idea i wiara wpływa na artystyczną kreację materialnej struktury kościoła., Kwartalnik Naukowy Fides et Ratio, Tom 44 Nr 4 (2020): FIDES ET RATIO - W NAUCE I RELIGII, W KULTURZE, SZTUCE i W ŻYCIU

U diplomskom radu kataloški se obrađuju lokaliteti starokršćanskih crkava unutar čijeg se prezbiterija grade nove crkve. Opisuju se starokršćanski, srednjovjekovni i novovjekovni primjerci duž istočne obale Jadrana. Uz same arhitektonske značajke, rad se osvrće i na potencijalne razloge gradnje manjih objekata unutar svetišta starijih, te važnosti gospodarskog i duhovnog aspekta. Navode se i lokaliteti koji zbog svojih dimenzija kataloški nisu obrađeni, ali u sebi nose važnost kontinuiteta štovanja istog svetog mjesta. This master's thesis catalogs the sites of early Christian churches within whose presbytery new churches were built. Early Christian, medieval and modern specimens along the eastern Adriatic coast are processed. In addition to the architectural features themselves, the paper also looks at the potential reasons for the construction of smaller buildings within the sanctuary of the elderly, and looks at possible economic and spiritual aspects of it. There are also sites that, due to their dimensions, are not cataloged, but carry the importance of continuity of worship of the same Sacred Place.

U ovom radu obrađena je opsežna tema baroka u Sinju: oslobađanje od osmanlijske vlasti, njeno naseljavanje, stvaranje upravnog i vojnog uređenja do urbanizacije, postanak varoša i stvaranje marijanskog svetišta i kulta Čudotvorne Gospe Sinjske oko kojeg je bio organiziran svjetovni i profani život. Barok u Sinju ostvaren je u fortifikacijskoj arhitekturi bastionskog oblika (Sinjska Tvrđava, utvrda Kamičak, konjanička vojarna Kvartiri) te u sakralnoj arhitekturi Crkve Gospe Sinjske unutar koje se izdvajaju barokni oltar sa slikom Gospe Sinjske. Od nearhitektonskih elemenata izdvajaju se srebreni okvir iz 1748. godine na Gospinoj slici te monumentalni tron za izlaganje Svetootajstva., This paper deals with the extensive baroque theme in Sinj; liberation from Ottoman rule, its settlement, the creation of administrative and military organization to urbanization, the establishment of towns and the creation of the Marian shrine and cult of the Miraculous Lady of Sinj around which secular and profane life was organized. The Baroque in Sinj was realized in the bastion-shaped fortification architecture (Fortress of Sinj, Kamičak Fort, Kvartiri Equestrian Barracks) and in the sacral architecture of the Sanctuary of the Miraculous Lady of Sinj, within which a Baroque altar with the image of Miraculous Lady of Sinj stands out. Among the non-architectural elements, the silver frame from 1748 in the Miraculous Lady of Sinj painting and the monumental throne for exhibiting the Sacrament stand out.

W artykule dokonano krótkiej retrospektywy historii kościołów rzymskokatolickich na Ukrainie Lewobrzeżnej w XІХ-ХХ wieku, od budowy w czasach Imperium Rosyjskiego do losów w czasach radzieckich, i wspomniano o współczesnej sytuacji z kościołami już w niepodległej Ukrainie. Na początku zostały przeanalizowane czynniki, które spowodowały powstanie licznej Polonii na obszarach Ukrainy Lewobrzeżnej, czyli w guberniach: jekaterynosławskiej, połtawskiej, charkowskiej oraz czernihowskiej. Na tych terenach dzięki staraniom miejscowych Polaków zbudowano 12 kościołów w: Czernihowie, Nieżynie, Połtawie, Romnie, Krzemieńczuku, Jekaterynosławiu, Kamieńskim, Jenakijewie, Mariupolu, Bachmucie, Charkowie i Sumach. W podsumowaniu artykułu zaznaczono, że każdy kościół od momentu swojej konsekracji stał się centrum życia nie tylko społeczności polskiej, ale także miejscem spotkań katolików różnych narodowości. Podczas okupacji Ukrainy przez wojska bolszewickie kościoły zostały zamknięte, a część z nich zburzono. Tylko nieliczne świątynie przetrwały do naszych czasów. Dziś stanowią one ważne pamiątki architektury sakralnej, zdobiące centrum ukraińskich miast. This article provides a short retrospective of the history of Roman Catholic churches in Left-Bank Ukraine in the 19th–20th century, from construction during the Russian Empire to their fate in the Soviet era. It also mentions the contemporary situation of churches in independent Ukraine. Firstly, the factors that caused the establishment of numerous Polish communities in the areas of Left-Bank Ukraine, i.e. in the Yekaterinoslav, Poltava, Kharkiv and Chernihiv Governorates, were analyzed. Thanks to the efforts of local Poles 12 churches were built in this area, namely in: Chernihiv, Nizhyn, Poltava, Romny, Kremenchuk, Yekaterinoslav, Kamianske, Yenakiieve, Mariupol, Bakhmut, Kharkiv and Sumy. In the summary of the article it was pointed out that every church, since its consecration, had become a centre of life not only of the Polish community, but also a meeting place for Catholics of different nationalities. During the occupation of Ukraine by the Bolshevik army, the churches were closed and some of them demolished. Only a few temples have survived to our times. Today, they are important remnants of sacral architecture, decorating the centres of Ukrainian cities.

U diplomskom radu iznosi se dosad nepoznata povijest izgradnje i opremanja župne crkve sv. Ilije proroka u Velikoj Kopanici. Istraživanje se usmjerava na povijesnoumjetničku kontekstualizaciju i stilsko rješenje arhitekture te opis umjetničkih djela i odrednice njihovih datacija, atribucija i valorizacija. Analizirani povijesni izvori i relevantna literatura ukazuju na široki vremenski raspon izvedenih radova (posebno vezano za opremanje i oslikavanje interijera crkve) u razdoblju od sredine 18. stoljeća do konzervatorsko-restauratorskih radova koji traju i danas. Posebna pažnja usmjerena je na recentno restauriranom, ali ne i atribuiranom, iluzioniziranom osliku glavnoga oltara te svoda nad njim, koji se smješta u kontekst Pozzovih traktata s predlošcima i fenomena oslikane iluzionirane arhitekture. Istraživanje uključuje i pojavu novih imena umjetnika-majstora te patronata crkve čime se otvaraju područja za daljnja istraživanja. This thesis presents an attempt at uncovering the history of building and furnishing the Church of Elijah the Prophet in Velika Kopanica. The research focuses on its contextualization in art history, its architectural style, a description of the works of art in the church, as well as their dating, attribution, and valorization. The analyzed historical sources and relevant literature point to a broad timeframe in which the works were made – especially when it comes to furnishing and painting the church’s interior – from the mid-18th century until conservation and restoration works that have been going on until the present moment. The thesis puts a particular emphasis on the recently restored, albeit not attributed, illusionary painting of the main altair and its corresponding arch, which can be seen in the context of Pozzo’s tractates on templates and the phenomena of painted illusionary architecture. The research also includes notes on the emergence of new artists and church sponsors, which opens a discussion potentially leading into further research

Tłumaczenie streszczenia w języku angielskim Aneta Kiper. Parafia w Konopnicy w ziemi lubelskiej i archidiakonacie lubelskim datuje się na XIV wiek. Obejmowała trzy wsie położone koło siebie: Konopnicę, Radawiec i Uniszowice. Pod koniec XVIII wieku parafia liczyła już sześć wsi, obok wyżej wspomnianych miejscowości, także Radawczyk, Motycz i Sporniak. Zmiana granic parafii dokonała się dopiero w okresie międzywojennym, kiedy powstała parafia w Motyczu. Uposażanie kościoła zostało nadane przez magistrat miasta Lublina w 1428 r. Najstarszy kościół drewniany pw. św. Katarzyny został zastąpiony po 1650 r. murowanym, konsekrowanym w 1667 r., zbudowanym na cyplu wysuniętym w dolinę rzeczki. Kościół nosił wówczas wezwanie, oprócz dotychczasowego św. Katarzyny, również Wniebowzięcia NMP. Następcą tej świątyni jest wzniesiony w latach 1904-1906 kościół neogotycki, według projektu Władysława Siennickiego, który funkcjonuje do dziś dnia i został wybudowany w innym miejscu niż poprzednia świątynia. Decyzja o jego wzniesieniu wynikała z rosnącej liczby mieszkańców parafii, złym stanem technicznym dotychczasowego kościoła oraz wytyczeniem szosy kraśnickiej, która stała się głównym traktem prowadzącym z Lublina do Kraśnika. Po wzniesieniu nowego kościoła, budynek starej świątyni z XVII wieku popadł w zapomnienie i w latach międzywojennych uległ rozbiórce. W kościele w Konopnicy znajdowała się gotycka figura Piety, która aktualnie jest przechowywana w Muzeum Narodowym w Poznaniu. Rzeźba uchodziła za słynącą łaskami i cieszyła się lokalnym kultem. Umieszczona była w głównym ołtarzu. Corocznie w święto Siedmiu Boleści Maryi, w piątek przed Niedzielą Palmową odprawiano mszę św. odpustową z wystawieniem Najświętszego Sakramentu. Szczegółowe opisy parafii i kościoła parafialnego w Konopnicy pochodzą z wizytacji kanonicznych, w których na przestrzeni lat zapisywano stan zabudowań kościelnych. Do zabudowań parafialnych oprócz kościoła należała plebania, mieszkania sług kościelnych, szpital oraz budynki gospodarcze (m.in. wozownia, stajnia, chlew, spichlerz, browar). Nowy cmentarz parafialny, który zastąpił przykościelny, powstał w początkach XIX wieku i aktualnie wpisany jest w rejestr zabytków. The parish of Konopnica in the Lublin district and the archdeaconry of Lublin dates back to the fourteenth century. It encompassed three villages located next to each other: Konopnica, Radawiec and Uniszowice. At the end of the eighteenth century the parish already had six villages, apart from the abovementioned ones, Radawczyk, Motycz and Sporniak. It was not until the interwar period that the parish borders were changed; the parish of Motycz was established at the time. The church was endowed by the authorities of the city of Lublin in 1428. The oldest wooden St Catherine’s church was replaced with a stone church, built on a headland protruding into the river valley and consecrated in 1667. At that time the church was dedicated to the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, as well as St Catherine. The eclectic church, designed by Władysław Siennicki and erected in 1904- 1906, took the place of the one from the seventeenth century (it was, however, built on a different site from the previous one). The church serves its functions to this day. The decision to build a new church was prompted by an increasing number of parish inhabitants, the poor technical condition of the existing church, and the project of the Kraśnik road, which became the main road from Lublin to Kraśnik. After the new church had been built, the old church of the seventeenth century fell into oblivion and was demolished in the interwar years. The Konopnica church boasted a sculpture of a Gothic Pietà, which is currently held at the National Museum in Poznań. The sculpture, placed in the high altar, was considered to be miraculous and was worshipped by the local population. Every year on the feast of the Seven Sorrows of Mary (the Friday before Palm Sunday), the Blessed Sacrament was exposed following the celebration of holy mass, during which the faithful were granted an indulgence. The condition of the parish and the church in Konopnica was described in detail in canonical visitation records. In addition to the church, the parish possessed a presbytery, flats for church servants, a hospital, and outbuildings, such as a coach house, a stable, a pigsty, a granary, and a brewery. The new parish cemetery, which replaced the cemetery located near the church, was opened in the early nineteenth century and is currently in the national register of historic monuments.