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Copyright of Lembaran Sejarah is the property of Universitas Gadjah Mada, Department of History and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sugarcane production benefitted from useful genes imparted from Saccharum spontaneum L. Interspecific hybrids were evaluated for sugar and biomass traits in three environments, including two plants and one ratoon crop. The objective was to estimate genetic parameters for traits in this population and to develop appropriate breeding strategies and germplasm for use in variety development in both the sugar and bioenergy industries. Heritability was highest with all three environments considered; however, the increase was minimal compared with estimates from the first ratoon crop, suggesting resources will be better spent selecting in the first ratoon crop. Significant differences (p < 0.05) found among families for sucrose content‐related traits warrant selecting first among families before selecting among genotypes within families for these traits. The same was not true for cane yield and its components. Heritability was low to moderate (> 0.3 < 0.47) for cane yield and its components and high (> 0.7) for all other traits, suggesting early selection in small plots could emphasize sucrose content‐related traits. Selecting intensely for a highly heritable trait in one stage can influence genetic variation of another trait in subsequent stages. Therefore, multivariate selection methods were employed that identified groups of genotypes with characteristics distinct to both industries. The S. spontaneum parents dominated trait variation in the hybrid population. Consequently, although genotypes with potential for the sugar industry would have to undergo rounds of backcrossing to recover good sugar characteristics, genotypes with immediate potential in the bioenergy industry were easily identified in this population. Core Ideas: Sugarcane production for the sugar industry has benefitted from useful genes imparted from Saccharum spontaneum L.There is interest in exploiting S. spontaneum L. to improve production in the sugar and energy (biomass) industries.The resourcefulness of an interspecific hybrid population to produce germplasm for both industries was evaluated.Genotypes with immediate potential in the bioenergy industry were easily identified in this population.Genotypes with potential for the sugar industry would have to undergo backcrossing to recover good sugar attributes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of HiSTOReLo: Revista de Historia Regional y Local is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Centro Editorial Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines how the commercial success of Western-style confectionery (yōgashi) of the Japanese Empire was largely built on the capital and resources of colonial Taiwan. Building on existing studies that acknowledge the importance of Taiwan’s colonization in Japan’s sugar industry, this article explores the tension between sweetness and power in the Japanese Empire through the lens of Western-style confectionery, a product regarded as a symbol of progress and modernity. Through the examination of the activities of two confectionery companies—Niitaka Confectionery and Morinaga Confectionery—in Taiwan, this article addresses how the making of Western-style confectionery required raw materials other than sugar, such as bananas and cocoa, that were obtained through the means of colonialism. By expanding the studies on sweetness and colonialism from sugar to confectionery, the article shows that the sugar industry, confectionery manufacturers, and the Japanese state wove together a complicated network that formed the foundation of Japan’s rising empire of sweetness. It also highlights the significance of the colonization of Taiwan in the rise of Japan’s Western-style confectionery industry that has long been obscured in people’s memories of sweetness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of bagasse and vinasse -residues from sugarcane processing- on the properties of a saline-sodic soil was evaluated through a greenhouse experiment. Corresponding doses for each amendment were used to displace 100 and 200% of the exchangeable sodium. Bulk density (DA) was lower in soils with vinasse application while saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), saturated extract electrical conductivity (CEes) and concentrations of sodium, calcium, magnesium, and chloride were higher in soils amended with bagasse. Sulfate concentration was lower in soils with vinasse, whereas the opposite occurred in the case of potassiu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Filter sludge (FS) is a waste material that occurs during sugar production in the sugar industry, and since it is not used anywhere, it creates a problem due to storage costs and environmental damage. In the present study, high plasticity clay was stabilized with a filter sludge which has never been used for soil stabilization in field cases. The changes in the geotechnical properties of a high plasticity clay (CH) with the additive of filter sludge (FS) were investigated. The amount of FS mixed into CH soil is 3-6-9-12-15% by dry weight of the soil. Changes in geotechnical properties such as consistency limits, compaction parameters, strength, swelling potential, CBR value of improved soils were determined. The plastic limit and optimum water content increase as the FS content added to the soil increases; liquid limit, plasticity index, and maximum dry density decrease. Improved soil strength increases as the curing time and FS amount increase, and the highest strength was obtained with 15% of FS. At the optimum additive ratio, the unconfined compressive strength increases by 33%. The swelling percentage of CH clay decreases from 42.5% to 20%. According to the wet CBR test results, the bearing capacity of the improved soil increased from %1.1 to %4.4. As a result of this study, it was seen that the FS waste material improved the geotechnical properties of the soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soils formed in treatment facilities of sugar beet factories in the forest-steppe zone of Kursk oblast were studied. Technogenic factors of soil formation associated with the industrial sugar beet activity and post-technogenic processes during the abandonment of treatment facilities are considered. The alternation of settling ponds and the earth walls separating them are the main factors determining "cellular" pattern of the soil cover. The mode of inflow and discharge and the composition of wastewater, as well as the duration of the abandonment of settling ponds determine the specifics of soils forming in the bottoms of the ponds. Mucky–humus quasi-gley stratified soils (Calcaric Gleysol) are formed in operating settling ponds under the periodic impact of sewage mixed with other wastes. When calcareous sewage sludge (press mud) is previously removed from abandoned ponds, dark-humus quasi-gley soils (Gleyic Cambisol) are formed in 30 years in the presence of perched water table, and quasi-gley zooturbated Chernozems are developed in 40 years under the conditions of periodic moistening. Soil formation in settling ponds with preserved sewage sludge and abandoned 20 years ago is noticeably intensive only in the upper 10–15 cm, and properties of the stratified sediment are preserved below. Dark-humus technogenic artistratified soils (Spolic Technosols) are identified there. Typical dark-humus soils (Eutric Cambisols (Organotransportic) are formed on earth walls in about 50–60 years, and incompletely developed strongly alkaline technogenic pelozems (Spolic Technosols (Transportic)) are formed on earth walls covered with calcareous sewage sludge; these soils consist of the virtually unchanged mixed material of technogenic sediments. All soils are alkaline and strongly alkaline and rich in organic matter, carbonates, phosphates, nutrients and some heavy metals from wastewater. According to the combination of properties, the soils of the sugar industry treatment facilities have no direct natural analogues in the central chernozemic region and are a vivid example of soils forming under extreme conditions of resource excess. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes how Taiwanese farmers adopted irrigation pumps to enhance their livelihoods under the shifting relationship of sugar and rice production in late colonial Taiwan. I argue that farmers utilized commercial technologies to make a living and prosper within the established order of Japanese colonial rule. With allocated procurement districts granting exclusive purchasing rights over sugarcane, sugar companies maintained substantial influence over sugarcane cultivation. However, with the proliferation of Penglai rice and new agricultural implements, the situation of the farmers changed substantially. Serious problems in the sugar industry due to economic depression and the rising price of rice in the 1930s led farmers to shift from sugarcane to rice cultivation by introducing a variety of pumps. Those with the means installed new motor pumps, while others independently constructed wind pumps by combining newly introduced parts with older techniques. Despite a prohibition by the colonial government, farmers continued installing pumps until the government established a planned economy in preparation for war. Moreover, distribution of pump capacity through both sales and sharing shows that Taiwanese farmers sought to maintain an informal yet significant cohesion throughout the process of agricultural commercialization. By focusing on the social dynamics surrounding agricultural technologies, this article challenges simplistic portrayals of technology transfer from Japan to the colonies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Siwalan is one of the community's agricultural crops, where this plant is often found in rural areas, and this plant is one of the crops that are managed in the small-scale agricultural business sector, the management of this agricultural business sector is classified as traditional both in terms of management methods and tools, because this business sector is an agricultural business that has been passed down from generation to generation. Palm plants are very beneficial for rural communities, because from all parts of the palm plant can almost be used. The results that can be produced from this plant are sap and palm fiber. The purpose of this research is the first to determine the factors that affect palm sugar business income, the second to determine the most dominant factors that affect palm sugar business income. This type of research is a quantitative study using multiple linear regression analysis method. The object of this research is Jadung Village, Dungkek District, Sumenep Regency with a research sample of 70 respondents. The results showed that the variables age, education, length of business, number of dependents, number of trees, and cosmopolitan level had a significant effect on palm sugar business income. Based on the results of research on socioeconomic factors that affect palm sugar business income, it shows that. Socio-economic factors that affect palm sugar business income are age, education, length of business, family dependents, number of trees and cosmopolitan level, both jointly and partially. The most dominant factor that affects palm sugar business income in Jadung Village, Dungkek District, Sumenep Regency is the Number of Trees Factor, this can be seen from the amount of the beta coefficient variable the number of trees which is 0.396 greater than the others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pesticides applied to agricultural land have been shown to decrease the quality of water entering the Great Barrier Reef lagoon. This issue is addressed by the Reef 2050 Water Quality Improvement Plan which includes a pesticide reduction target. As part of a wider educational strategy, one method that could help meet the target is to provide stakeholders with information that assists in the selection and use of pesticide active ingredients (PAIs) that pose a lower risk to aquatic environments compared to those currently used. This study developed a Pesticide Decision Support Tool (PDST) in collaboration with stakeholders for the sugar cane industry. The PDST covers all PAIs registered and applied to sugar cane in Australia and four additional PAIs registered for use on crops grown in rotation with sugar cane. The PDST incorporates both the measure of mobility and persistence of a PAI and the measure of effect, which is based on the PAI application rate and ecotoxicity threshold value. The aquatic risk, which is the product of the measure of effect and the measure of mobility and persistence, is a measure of the likelihood that a PAI will reach the aquatic environment and cause harmful effects. Insecticide active ingredients (e.g., cadusafos, chlorpyrifos) posed the greatest aquatic risk, followed by herbicide active ingredients (e.g., MSMA, metolachlor), while fungicide AIs typically had a lower aquatic risk. An interactive spreadsheet allows characteristics, including application rate and tank mixes, to be considered when assessing the potential risk. While focusing on sugar cane, the results are equally appropriate to other crops that use the same PAIs provided the application rates are corrected to the new crop. In addition, the approach used in the PDST can be applied internationally and to any PAIs with sufficient toxicity, mobility, and persistence data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document presents the findings of a research study on the impact of organizational commitment and work involvement on employee work agility in the context of a sugar business restructuring. The study used a survey method and analyzed the data through simple regression analysis. The results indicate that both organizational commitment and job involvement have a significant and positive effect on work agility. The study concludes that these factors contribute to 29.1% and 36.4% of workforce agility, respectively. The document suggests that managing organizational commitment and work involvement can help maintain work agility in the company. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: The work presents the experiences in development to make possible the alternatives of production chain in environmentally compatible conditions, of the sugar cane company Heriberto Duquesne based on the concept of biorefinery and using the circular economy. Objective: To show an effective and improving path for training doctors who contribute with their research to strengthen the production chain of the company for its operation and development as a biorefinery so that its business volumes gradually grow. Materials and methods: The research is carried out by articulating the postgraduate activities of the company's professionals who are surpassed in postgraduate master's degrees and doctorates who act as coordinators of projects that bring together the actions of the master's degree and of professionals who are not incorporated into the master's degree courses in a project work system. Results and discussion: This action is a component of an anticipatory system of strategic management, whose mission is to contribute to learning the best way of sustainable development through increasing linkage with other sectors of the country's economic and social life. Conclusions: The work offers the possibility of contributing to the generation of knowledge for sustainable industrial development that favors economy, and also the social impact of the territories through the resuscitation of the batey of this company in the sugar cane industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In this work, based on the necessary technological linkage that exists in a raw sugar factory with a nearby sugar refinery, a strategy is proposed to strengthen its material and energy linkage in its development, extracting the juice from the filters. Objective: To evaluate the impact of extracting the juice from the filters on the influence on the quality of raw sugar, determining the optimal percentage of extraction to achieve the energy linkage of the combined raw sugar factory, refinery and torula cream. Materials and methods: The effect of the extraction of the juice from the filters on the quality of this type of sugar, and with it on that of refined sugar, is evaluated through the statistical modeling of the process through the aggregation of the models of the component elements, considering variations of the models in the purification stage for different per hundreds of extraction. Results and discussion: The global models of the process obtained through the aggregation of models of the partial stages are effective for predicting the sugar quality parameters. The extraction of the juice from the filters significantly increases the amount of leftover bagasse in the production of raw sugar. Conclusions: The extraction of the juice from the filters benefits the quality parameters of the produced sugar and significantly increases the amount of excess bagasse in the production of raw sugar, being an alternative to contribute to other productive demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: White castings with a high Cr content of the hypoeutectic type are one of the most used in hardfacing to reduce wear by abrasion, in parts used in mineral processing, and in the sugar industry. Objective: To know the effect of a peripheral coating with a high C content, applied to a commercial AWS E FeCr-A8 electrode, on the microstructure of the deposited metal, as well as the behavior of resistance to abrasive wear. Materials and methods: Specimens were prepared for the characterization of the metal deposited with the original electrode (EO) and the modified one (EM) by means of hardness, optical metallography (OM), and analysis of the chemical composition using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Using the test proposed by the ASTM G65, (2017) standard the resistance to abrasive wear was determined. Results and Discussion: The hardness of the metal deposited with the original electrode is 560 HV, while the hardness reached with the modified electrode reaches 750 HV, which is due to the fact that the morphology of the austenite and the eutectic zone is different for both deposits. The test of resistance to abrasive wear for the deposit obtained with the modified electrode showed a volume loss of 0.0531 mm3, lower than that manifested by the deposit made with the original electrode (0.0669 mm3). Conclusions: By applying a peripheral coating to the AWS FeCr-A8 electrode, the volumetric fraction of carbides in the eutectic zone of the deposit microstructure increases, improving the resistance to abrasive wear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anaerobic digestion to obtain biogas is considered a technology for producing energy from a wide variety of waste and byproducts of industrial processes. This research is aim to determine the production potential of biomethane generated through the anaerobic co-digestion of the distillery stillage and filter cake as a mixture product to increase the energy potential. Continuous operating equipment was chosen, for which up flow anaerobic reactors (UASB) were selected. The pre-treatment of the filter cake was established through the simultaneous use of alkaline and thermal treatment, an aspect without precedent in specialized literature and considered a contribution to research. A post-treatment stage was designed to increase the specific production of biogas, which constitutes a contribution to the design this kind of facilities in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current project of Biomass Power Plants in the sugar industry of Cuba, has as limitation the access to the water required for condensation. A possible solution would be the use of air-cooled condenser (ACC), however, the thermal assessment of a ACC is imprecise since the available methods are in extreme complex and do not characterize adequately the overall heat transfer coefficient (K), being required the use of excesses of heat transfer surface, which increments costs of the facilities. The objective was to develop a valid model for any zone of operation and regimen of flow that computes the coefficient K with a smaller index of dispersion than the available models. The current status of the thermal analysis in an ACC and the methods used for each zone of operation, characteristics and limitations are shown. A differential and correlation analysis to obtain a single model, which is just for the four zones of dominant flow, was made. In the validation it is verified that the proposed model correlates with an average error of ±22% in 88,7 % of available experimental data, reducing in a third part the errors of the current methods used. This work shows that the use of the dominant flow criteria enables reducing the indexes of uncertainty in the thermal evaluation of the ACC, which derive in a larger reliability in the assessment analysis and eludes the use of excesses of heat transfer surface due to a low reliability in the thermal analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sugar industry and sugar cane cropping is one of the main economic and social activities in the northwestern region of Argentina. The goal of this study was to analyze the growth dynamic and productivity of three varieties grown in two agro-ecological regions of Tucumán, Argentina. Two trials were established in different locations where EEAOC's sugar cane nurseries were established (plot 11-15 and Los Trejos). From the beginning of sprout emergence, periodic measurements of stalk population dynamics and stalk height were carried out. At the end of the cycle, cane and sugar yield per hectare (TSCH and TAH) was estimated. Plot 11-15 presented higher tiller population, between 44 and 40 stalks m-1 for LCP 85-384 and TUC 97-8 respectively. TUC 95-10 registered 30 stalks m-1 in both locations. Final number of stalks per linear meter (FN) did not evidence differences between locations, but a significant interaction location*variety was determined. In this case, LCP 85-384 registered 20 stems m-1 in Los Trejos. Individual variables stalk weight showed significant differences between locations and the highest value was observed in Los Trejos even though no significant interaction location*variety was determined. TSCH was significantly higher in Los Trejos where TUC 95-10 produced 113 t ha-1, presenting significant differences between the rests of the interactions. TUC 95-10 showed better adaptation to different agro-ecological conditions, presenting high sugar cane yields in both considered regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nuclear Safety is the property of Nuclear & Radiation Safety Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Didasc@lia: Didáctica y Educación is the property of Universitaria de Las Tunas, Centro de Estudios de Didactica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Wieś & Rolnictwo is the property of Instytut Rozwoju Wsi & Rolnictwa, Polska Akademia Nauk and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Due to the latest scientific achievements new opportunities have appeared for deeper processing of not only raw materials, but also by-products of the country's agro-industrial complex. Beet sugar production is a source of a number of by-products such as beet pulp, molasses and filter cake. Domestic sugar production refers to material-intensive industries, since the volume of vegetable raw materials, as well as by-products formed in the technological process, is several times higher than the yield of finished products – white sugar. Insufficient attention to the problems of more complete processing of by-products of sugar beet production may be the cause of environmental degradation. Currently, not only the regulatory documentation regulating the quality indicators of raw materials used and finished products of the industry has been updated, but also the definition of by-products of sugar production, formed in the production of white sugar, has been clarified. In particular, by-products of the sugar beet industry can be used to extract useful components from them, suitable for the production of new food products with increased nutritional value. The main attention in the paper is paid to promising areas for the use of beet pulp for the production of new types of food products. A method has been developed for the production of sugar syrup enriched with pectin extract of beet pulp. The addition of beet pulp pectin extract to the syrup not only increases the nutritional value, but also improves its technological properties while expanding the range of new types of food products and their properties.

Abstract Background In this article, I utilize the concept of the Plantationocene as an analytical framework to generate a holistic and historical understanding of the present-day struggles of a mostly Haitian migrant workforce on sugar plantations in the Dominican Republic. Methods Inspired by Paul Farmer’s methodology, I combine political economy, history, and ethnography approaches to interpret the experiences of sugarcane cutters across historical and contemporary iterations of colonial, post-colonial, and neo-colonial practices over the course of five centuries. Results My findings elucidate the enduring power of capitalism, implicating corporate and state elites, as the structural scaffolding for acts of racialized violence that condition the life-and-death circumstances of Black laborers on Caribbean plantations to this day. Although today’s sugarcane cutters may suffer differently than their enslaved or wage labor ancestors on the plantation, I argue that an unfettered racialized pattern of lethal exploitation is sustained through the structural violence of neoliberalism that links present conditions with the colonial past. Conclusions Ultimately, this paper contributes understandings of the plantationocene’s enduring effects in the global south by demonstrating how imperialist arrangements of capitalism are not a distant memory from the colonial past but instead are present yet hidden and obscured while relocated and reanimated overseas to countries like the Dominican Republic, where American capitalists still exploit Black bodies for profit and power.