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The serotonin-monoamine oxidase and histamine-diamine oxidase systems in the arteria and venous blood of the brain were examined in 65 patients with ischemic cerebral stroke. The examinations have shown that in the acute period of the disease the metabolism of serotonin and histamine is disturbed, the degree and the character of these disturbances depending substantially on the stroke clinical manifestations, process localization and the disease outcome. In infarctions in the large hemispheres without the secondary stem syndrome, the changes of the amine metabolism are determined by the state of the enzymes inactivating them. In patients with the secondary stem syndrome, the monoamine oxidase content in the blood leaving the brain is lowered, the methylation processes are activated, and the histamine level decreased, while the serotonin level is high. In cases of primary affection of the brain stem and the lethal outcome of the disease the blood levels of serotonin and histamine are high. Use of serotonin antagonists in ischemic stroke and antihistaminic drugs in primary affection of the brain stem is substantiated.

The contribution of some regulatory humoral systems (sympathoadrenal, pituitary-adrenal, kallikrein-kinin and renin-angiotensin ones) to the development of postischemic hemodynamic disorders associated with acute arterial occlusion are demonstrated. Pathogenetic rationale is offered for methods of postischemic cardiovascular functional disorders control (the use of antienzyme drugs, cortisol, tocopherol on days 1-3 of the postischemic period).

The results of biochemical, radioisotope and morphological investigations of dog kidneys in experimental acute occlusion of hind limb arteries during ischemia and in postischemic periods are reviewed. Morphological and functional changes in the kidneys occur in ischemia. Blood flow recovery in the extremities aggravates these changes leading in 12-hour ischemia to acute renal failure.

The work deals with the results of biochemical and angiographic studies in 26 patients with thromboembolism of the pulmonary arteries (TEPA) and pulmonary hypertension of various degree. Acute occlusion of the pulmonary arterial channel calls forth a response of the organism's humoral regulating systems. The degree of hypertension of pulmonary circulation in TEPA, which is determined by the volume of affection of the pulmonary vascular channel, is directly dependent on the functional activity of the adaptation system and the severity of disorders of the intra- and intersystemic connections.

To elucidate possible role of alterations in levels of glycosylated hemoglobin and ATP of blood in pathogenesis of diabetic impairments, 29 children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were studied. In these children the blood content of the glycosylated hemoglobin was distinctly increased simultaneously with a decrease in ATP level. The alterations were especially distinct in the children the parents of which suffered from ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, insult, hypertension, diabetes mellitus. Development of diabetes mellitus in these children was characterized by the most severe manifestations (especially frequent and severe diabetic lesions, distinct decreases in secretion of insulin and in efficiency of the hormone). A hypothesis is discussed on possible importance of accelerated glycosylation of proteins and of a decrease in ATP synthesis for development of diabetic lesions.

Examined were 47 patients with acute ischemia of the extremities: 29--with favourable outcome, and 18-with the development of gangrene. Scintigraphy of the extremity with 99mTc-Sn-pyrophosphate was performed; urinary excretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine, DOPA and dopamine, and vanillylmandelic acid as well was studied; the content of ACTH, cortisol and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the blood was defined. The use of radionuclide and biochemical methods of investigation permits to assess the degree of severity of the ischemic injury to the tissues of the extremities.

The results of examination of the hypophyseal-adrenal and sympatheticoadrenal systems in 69 patients with embolism of the main limb arteries are discussed. Marked activation of these systems in this category of patients during ischemia was revealed. A discrepancy was found between the blood adrenalin and cortisol levels in patients in a definite stage of the postischemic period and their hormonal effect on the body. The need to keep a record of disorders of the mechanisms of neurohumoral regulation in correcting the cardiovascular function in patients with acute arterial obstruction is emphasized.

The examination of 225 patients has shown that the syndrome of hepatic insufficiency associated mainly with hyperperfusion of the liver is developing in pancreonecrosis. The regional infusion therapy is recommended for prophylactics and treatment of hepatic insufficiency.

Diabetes mellitus children demonstrate the lowering of insulin binding by lymphocytes on appearance of the signs of insulin overdosage. After standard breakfast preceded by insulin injection such patients show a lower blood content of ATP as compared to children without metabolic signs of insulin overdosage, which may be of importance in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance development. Patients with type I diabetes mellitus and hyperlactatemia manifested the lowering of glucose assimilation by lymphocytes whatever the presence of the signs of insulin overdosage, pointing to insulin resistance.

The article discusses the results of biochemical, hemodynamic, and angiographic studies in 33 patients with chronic post-embolic pulmonary hypertension of various degree. The authors show that prolonged occlusion of the pulmono-vascular channel causes predominant activity of the sympathoadrenal, hypophyseal-adrenal, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems, which maintains and aggravates pulmonary hypertension. The degree and character of these changes are directly dependent on the volume of the affection of the pulmonary vascular channel.

The occlusion of the terminal aortic region was experimentally induced in 48 dogs. It has been shown that myocardial lesions localized predominantly in the papillary muscles and subendocardially appear already 3 hours after the occlusion. The number of the affected cardiomyocytes increases and their size enlarges. The duration of ischemia directly correlates with metabolic disturbances: changes in the function of adenylate cyclase system, ion imbalance, damages in the energy metabolism. Metabolic and morphologic changes are accompanied by disturbances in the cardiac function manifested in the decrease of myocardial contractility.

The gel precipitation test was used for examinations of 280 HBsAg-positive patients with jaundiced serum hepatitis and 182 subjects with long-term HBs-antigenemia and various degrees of activity of the pathologic process in the liver, in a coded study. Among the latter, the e-antigen was found in 26.9%, that is twice as frequently than in patients with acute serum hepatitis (14.3%). Particularly frequently (31.1 and 45.2%) the e-antigen was found in children and adults who were assumed to have been the source of SH infection, as well as in infants infected from their mothers during delivery or soon after birth. A certain correlation was found between the rate of detection of the e-antigen and the presence of biochemical changes indicating liver function disorders. Thus, the e-antigen may be a marker of a higher infectivity of the serum and indicate a certain activity of the pathological process. Antibodies to the e-antigen were more frequently found in older age groups and in the absence of biochemical changes in the serum. The e-antigen and antibody to it were detected with similar frequency in infections with subtypes ay and ad of the HBs-antigen.

The authors made a biochemical comparative analysis of the blood taken during early autopsies from the portal and hepatic veins and structural-metabolic state of the liver tissue. It is concluded that this analysis is of great importance for morphofunctional substantiation of hepatic insufficiency.

The results of 129 experiments have shown that acute occlusion produces during the ischemic period serious shifts in haemodynamics, caused by disorders in the regulatory systems. Changes supervening in the first 6 hours are reversible, further increase in occlusion time leads to marked cardiovascular disorders.

The effect of intraperitoneal noradrenaline injection (2.5 mg/kg body weight) on myocardial levels of cAMP, cHMP, PGE and PGF2 alpha of the left and right ventricles was examined in male Wistar rats. The findings were compared with morphologic changes in the myocardium and sympathetic nerves of both ventricles. Cyclic nucleotides and PGs were measured by RIA, sympathetic nerves, by a fluorescent histochemical technique; myocardial lesions were demonstrated by Lie-staining. A sharp drop was noted in cAMP and PG levels at early stages of the experiment followed by a gradual return to control values. The decrease in cAMP was less marked, and more transient, in the right ventricle. These changes were accompanied with a more pronounced damage to the left ventricle, perhaps due to differences in adrenergic innervation as well as cyclic nucleotides and PG metabolism in the examined compartments of the heart.

The paper is devoted to a study of the role of serum glycoprotein fructosamine and serum albumin in the pathogenesis of a severe course of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in children. Fructosamine was determined in 43 pediatric patients with IDDM by direct spectrophotometry using Hoffman-La-Roche kits; albumin, C-peptide and malonic aldehyde were also determined. Disorder of the mechanism of regulation of homeostasis by albumin was shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of a severe course of IDDM in children. It could be caused by its enhanced glycosylation and a decrease in liver synthesis in some cases as a result of considerable reduction of insulin secretion. A prognostically unfavorable sign was a raised ratio of fructosamine to albumin and enhanced lipid peroxidation against a background of low insulin secretion. The determination of serum levels of fructosamine and albumin can be a valuable diagnostic criterion in examination of children with diabetes mellitus.