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Background: Identifying high-risk groups for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during evacuation situations requires a valid short screening tool. The re-experiencing symptoms of PTSD are considered helpful for distinguishing those with PTSD from those without, as they are thought to be specific to PTSD, have less ambiguity for respondents, and are representative of all PTSD symptoms. Objective: To develop a new short version of the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS) comprising only re-experiencing symptom items. Method: We used existing data (N =169) from our previous study on the Japanese version of the PDS and the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). The sample included both clinical outpatients (n =106) and university students (n =63), all of whom reported one or more traumatic experiences. We created candidate 2- and 3-item versions of the PDS and compared their psychometric characteristics against the CAPS. Results: The best candidate (comprising items for ‘intrusive images’, ‘nightmares’, and ‘physiological reactions when reminded of the trauma’) demonstrated an area under the curve of .95, 94.8% sensitivity, 86.1% specificity for the best cut-off score of three. The candidate scale also showed a strong correlation with CAPS-evaluated severity score and internal consistency. Conclusions: The brief re-experiencing PDS had good psychometric properties among Japanese adults with and without PTSD. 题目：新的简版创伤后诊断量表：在患有和未患有PTSD的日本成年群体中的验证 背景：在疏散情景下识别高风险的创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）群体需要一个有效简短的筛选工具。PTSD的再体验症状具有PTSD特异性、对应答者具有较少歧义、对所有PTSD症状有代表性，因此被认为有助于区分患有PTSD和未患有的人群。 目标：开发一个只包含再体验症状题目的新的简版创伤后诊断量表（PDS）。 方法：我们使用之前关于日本版PDS和临床诊断PTSD量表（CAPS）的研究中的现有数据（N=169）。样本中既有临床门诊病人（n=106）也有大学学生(n=69)，他们都报告了一个或以上创伤性经历。我们开发了2个题目和3个题目的备选PDS，并将它们的心理测量特性和CAPS进行对比。 结果：最好的备选量表（包括“闯入性图像”,”噩梦”,”被提醒创伤时的生理反应”）显示出了.95的曲线下面积（area under the curve），最好的划界分（3分）具有94.8%的敏感性和86.1%的特异性。备选量表也表现出了和CAPS症状验证分数的强相关，以及内部一致性。 结论：简版在体验PDS在患有和未患有PTSD的日本成年群体中有很好的心理测量特性。 关键词：创伤后应激障碍，筛选量表，验证，创伤后诊断量表，心理测量特性，再体验症状 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (Aβ peptides and tau proteins) improved the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in research and clinical settings. We previously described the PLM-scale (Paris-Lille-Montpellier study), which combines Aβ42, tau, and phosphorylated ptau(181) biomarkers in an easy to use and clinically relevant way. The purpose of this work is to evaluate an optimized PLM R- scale (PLM ratio scale) that now includes the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio to detect AD versus non-AD (NAD) participants in clinical routine of memory centers. Methods: Both scales were compared using 904 participants with cognitive impairment recruited from two independent cohorts (Mtp-1 and Mtp-2). The CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio was measured systematically in Mtp-1, and only on biologically discordant cases in Mtp-2. Two different ELISA kit providers were also employed. The distribution of AD and NAD patients and the discrepancies of biomarker profiles were computed. Receiver Operating Characteristic curves were used to represent clinical sensitivity and specificity for AD detection. The classification of patients with the net reclassification index (NRI) was also evaluated. Results: Nine hundred and four participants (342 AD and 562 NAD) were studied; 400 in Mtp-1 and 504 in Mtp-2. For AD patients, the mean CSF Aβ42 and CSF Aβ42/40 ratio was 553 ± 216 pg/mL and 0.069 ± 0.022 pg/mL in Mtp-1 and 702 ± 335 pg/mL and 0.045 ± 0.020 pg/mL in Mtp-2. The distribution of AD and NAD differed between the PLM and the PLM R scales ( p < 0.0001). The percentage AD well-classified (class 3) increased with PLM R from 38 to 83% in Mpt-1 and from 33 to 53% in Mpt-2. A sharp reduction of the discordant profiles going from 34 to 16.3% and from 37.5 to 19.8%, for Mtp-1 and Mtp-2 respectively, was also observed. The AUC of the PLM R scale was 0.94 in Mtp-1 and 0.87 in Mtp-2. In both cohorts, the PLM R outperformed CSF Aβ42 or Aβ42/40 ratio. The diagnostic performance was improved with the PLM R with an NRI equal to 44.3% in Mtp-1 and 28.8% in Mtp-2. Conclusion: The integration of the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in the PLM R scale resulted in an easy-to-use tool which reduced the discrepancies in biologically doubtful cases and increased the confidence in the diagnosis in memory center.

Objectives: This paper presents the construction of the CSSS - a short screening scale intended for diagnosis of cognitive deficits among people with schizophrenia., Methods: 160 persons (124 with schizophrenia and 36 healthy controls) were tested using the initial version of the CSSS scale consisting of 11 subscales. Correlation analysis between the subscales' results was carried out, as well as confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency analysis of the scale, IRT (item response theory) analysis of the items' difficulty, and analysis of the scale's accuracy as a classifier., Results: One factor (overall cognitive efficiency) explains 37% of the variance of the subscales' results. The scale has satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's alfa = 0.83). Subjects with schizophrenia achieved significantly lower scores than healthy subjects. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for discriminating between subjects with schizophrenia and healthy subjects was 0.83. Cut-off point of 16 raw points is 86% sensitive and has 70% specificity., Conclusions: The form of the tool that has been achieved as a result of presented analyses suggests that this scale has a potential to fulfil the assumed goals, which will be tested during continuing validation studies.

Objectives: The present study is focused on further validation procedure of the CSSS - short screening scale designed for fast detection of persons with cognitive impairment and coexisting psychosocial disorders that demand deeper neuropsychological diagnosis and rehabilitation., Methods: 67 subjects with schizophrenia and 36 healthy controls were examined with the CSSS, BACS, PANSS, and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). Relationships between the CSSS score, age and education were tested with simple linear regression in groups of 124 subjects with schizophrenia and 36 healthy controls., Results: Numerous statistically significant (p< 0.05) relationships between the CSSS and the BACS subtests, and the CSSS and the PANSS subscales were observed. The corrected CSSS score differs GAF ? 70 group from GAF >70 group., Conclusions: The CSSS is a short method with satisfactory validity, that is adequate to the assumed goals and might be promising with respect to further development.