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Family is the foundation stone of society. Education is very important for the health of the family and therefore society. A value-oriented family education program is designed to support families. The aim of this research is to determine the basic education needs of families for a value-oriented family education program. The study group of the research consists of 205 families who enrolled in 4 kindergartens in the city center of Gümüshane in the 2020-2021 Academic Year. In the research, "Family Education Needs Assessment Form" and Personal Information Form given to families during registration were used as data collection tools. This study, which was carried out in accordance with the descriptive scanning model, was analyzed by document analysis method. Percentage and frequency distributions were used in the analysis of the data. In the research, it is important to determine which issues families attach more importance to in value-oriented family education, what they need and to create the program content accordingly. Subjects such as communication with the child, child-rearing attitudes and positive discipline methods, adjustment and behavioral problems observed in pre-school children, school-family cooperation, sexual education, teaching basic habits, books and children's books, play, preparation for primary school, television-internet and their effects on the child have been examined and it has been determined which of these the families need more in terms of family education. It is also seen that most of the families want to receive education in the morning and twice a week on weekdays. In addition, it was determined whether the educational needs of families differ according to the age of the child, the age of the mother, the age of the father, the education of the mother, the education of the father, the profession of the father, the family togetherness and the family income level.

This study used a multiple probe design to evaluate the effects of a teacher-implemented video-schedule intervention on the mathematical skills and untargeted challenging behaviors of five elementary-school students with autism. Results indicated that the intervention was effective in improving participants' academic performance, and a decrease in the level of challenging behaviors and stereotypy was observed for participants following the introduction of intervention. Additionally, academic gains generalized across academic problems and to a small group setting, suggesting that this technology-based intervention is an efficient use of instructional time. Future research targeting a variety of academic skills and examining intervention implementation by additional practitioners (e.g., teaching assistants) is warranted.

This study sheds light on the learning experiences of a group of in-service university teachers from China who attended a three-month, short-term continuing professional development program at a Canadian university. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews. Activity Theory was adopted as the framework. The findings revealed that language and translation barriers, course schedules, (ir)relevant training content, various individual interests, cultural differences, and requirements from the home university were the main factors that impacted the learning experiences of teacher-trainees. Based on the findings, this study discusses what constitutes a culturally appropriate methodology for cross-cultural professional training programme and offers insights into the interplay of factors that influence the perceived effectiveness of such a program. Suggestions for future program planning are also provided.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected education at all levels in various ways. This paper provides a review of the literature on the challenges of online learning for children with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND). Method: In total, 17 studies from nine countries were analysed. The challenges of online learning for children with SEND reported by teachers and parents and the strategies applied to overcome the challenges were identified. Results: The challenges of online learning were the need of parental support, routine change, inequities of resources and access to technology, lack of accommodations, and social isolation. There was a considerable lack of interventions aimed at promoting the educational outcomes of children with SEND. Conclusions: The findings emphasise the importance of parent-teacher collaboration and communication. Suggestions for strategies to address challenges as well as for further research are also discussed.

Early intervention (EI) services are intended to be delivered in a family-centered manner. Thus, it is important to obtain family perspectives as they relate to implementation experiences in EI. Using an implementation science framework to guide the questioning. Twelve interviews were conducted with parents who participated in 1 EI program to explore their perceptions of challenges and successes around the intervention practice components, parent coaching processes, and contextual factors in which the intervention was delivered. Parents perceived many of the aspects of the intervention such as specific strategies, strong relationships with their interventionists, and intervention delivery in home and clinic settings as useful and beneficial. They reported challenges related to embedding the intervention into daily activities, feelings of discomfort when practicing intervention strategies, and struggles with scheduling sessions. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

Researchers agree that attention to bilingualism and biliteracy can and should be a goal in all educational settings where young dual language learners are present. The challenge, however, is how to promote biliteracy development while remaining congruent with principles of developmental direction, specifically the idea that children's understandings and skills proceed from concrete to abstract, and from familiar to unfamiliar. This article proposes that bilingualism and biliteracy are achievable goals at an early age in culturally and linguistically diverse settings when educators purposely follow an interdisciplinary sequence of instruction that capitalizes on young children's inclination to play, use their senses, and actively make sense of the world. The Interdisciplinary Biliteracy Sequence consists of three components that include: (1) a direct experience (Phase 1), followed by an opportunity to write about the experience (Phase 2), and concluding with varied reading activities closely related to the initial experience (Phase 3). In all phases, listening and speaking (oracy) activities are present in the form of conversations, songs, formal and informal talk, and intentional language production as children play and acquire language and content.

Nature-based learning emphasizes experiential learning, as children actively engage with their surroundings, observe and investigate natural phenomena, and make connections between their experiences and academic concepts. Although many neurodivergent students have benefited from nature-based learning, most research to date has focused on the experiences of neurotypical (or general population) students. Thus, the use of nature to support autistic students has been constrained by the lack of evidence-based guidelines. Consequently, some autistic students are not being adequately supported while learning outside. This article endorses nature-based learning for autistic students and describes four suggestions teachers can facilitate supportive and welcoming nature-based learning for their students: (1) remembering safety; (2) establishing structure and routine; (3) building trust; and (4) being responsive.

The COVID-19 pandemic required many speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to transition to teletherapy service delivery. This study was designed to explore the experiences and perceptions of SLPs who made this transition with children with disabilities who used aided augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). Semi-structured interviews were conducted virtually with 10 SLPs who provided regular teletherapy services to children who used AAC during but not before the pandemic. Interview transcripts were analyzed thematically using immersion, reduction, and constant comparison to understand SLP experiences and perceptions individually and across the group. Results reveal that despite the challenges faced transitioning to teletherapy, there were benefits. Furthermore, many of the participating SLPs developed successful strategies and solutions for the challenges they faced. Participants in this study highlighted the unique and important role that caregivers and parents played in the success of the teletherapy they provided. This study suggests that SLPs, caregivers, and children demonstrated resilience in the face of a large-scale, unforeseen change. SLPs consistently reported the ability to maintain continuity of care during a stressful transition period, while meeting the unique needs of the children who used AAC they served.

Functional communication training (FCT) is an evidence-based intervention that while often effective, can result in rote responding, reduced generalizability of target behavior, and resurgence of challenging behavior (CB) during treatment lapses. Lag schedules of reinforcement have been successfully used to address these concerns. We applied an increasing lag schedule within FCT to increase the variability and persistence of appropriate responding of four young children with disabilities while maintaining low levels of CB during treatment. Our results provide evidence regarding the effects of lag reinforcement on appropriate communication and CB during treatment and lapses in treatment with children with autism and Down syndrome. This research provides a new perspective to the field given, we assessed functional communication during baseline, assessed generalization to new contexts, and assessed social validity via both masked raters and participants' mothers. We discuss the implications of this work and provide future directions for researcher and practice.

Purpose: To describe the curricular elements in blended physical education (PE) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A survey of PE teachers was conducted regarding curricular elements related to content blocks, instruction, and assessment. A total of 174 Spanish secondary PE teachers (120 men and 54 women) participated in the survey. Results: For the nonface-to-face part, instruction relied mainly on challenge-based learning as an instructional strategy, the learning of the designed individual program as a teaching-learning style, health-based PE as a pedagogical model, and self-assessment as the most used assessment form. Discussion/Conclusion: The study describes an overview of the characteristics of the curricular elements used in the blended learning PE model in secondary education. Both the age of PE teachers and the socioeconomic level of the families are variables to consider.

In a radically changed and still changing world, parents, schools and pupils have had to adapt to a new teaching and learning modality. Working parents have faced the competing demands of employment and home-schooling, and schools provided support to pupils through online platforms and other resources. A qualitative approach elicited the views and experiences of working parents through a social media parents' group in Northern Ireland (NI). Only well-educated mothers responded revealing their extreme lack of confidence and pedagogical skills, complete exhaustion, frayed family relationships, and acute concern about children's educational loss and its future implications, particularly those for whom public examinations were imminent. Communication between teachers and both pupils and parents was deemed crucial, as were greater clarity from teachers on tasks set, less screen time, daily live interaction, feedback on work done, and more printed resources from schools to avoid undue expense for parents, especially those with children of different ages in different education sectors. Much more effective home-schooling could be facilitated if government required employers to arrange flexible working hours, at least for one parent. However, the creation of a daily structure that included lessons and leisure, the latter both indoors and outdoors, was beneficial and therapeutic.

We investigate the importance of spatial, material, and organisational factors to gendered peer relations on the school football pitch. The study is part of an ethnographic research project exploring the relations between school bullying and the institutional context of schooling, focusing on the perspectives of teachers and pupils from preschool class up to grade eight (approximately ages 5-13). The findings in this study are based on participant observations and semi-structured interviews with pupils at three schools in Sweden. Our findings illustrate how social-ecological elements of spatial, material, and organisational factors such as school design, the material construction of the pitches, and the temporal organisation of the space through scheduling promote gendered positioning and fevered interactions which influence peer relations and sometimes contribute to degrading treatment, harassment and bullying. Our study demonstrates how these processes need to be understood as complexly related to social-ecological factors beyond the football pitch setting.

For chemistry, where learners are required to integrate experimental observations with theoretical knowledge, laboratory work appears to be a viable instructional strategy. However, research has shown that chemistry laboratory instruction often fails to live up to its potential. The scheduling practice in higher education (HE) separating theory lessons and practical work into temporally disjointed sessions could exacerbate the theory-laboratory disconnect. This paper continues an earlier work, in which integrated schedules of chemistry tutorial and laboratory classes were implemented in two general chemistry courses in a freshman chemical engineering programme. Traditionally separate tutorial and laboratory classes were chained into 3 hour blocks in the experimental classes. Worked examples, group presentations and course materials designed as a merged package to connect theory with practical work were implemented for selected tasks in integrated teaching. Prior ability was measured based on previous titration experience or grades in earlier general chemistry courses. Lesson experiences were collected on the validated Meaningful Learning in the Laboratory Instrument (MLLI) (Galloway and Bretz, 2015). Block (or integrated) and traditional learners performed equally on theory tests, but integrated learners scored higher on a titration skills assessment. The origin of differences in skills performance could not be ascertained conclusively. Perceptions across the MLLI domains declined across schedules, with significant losses in the cognitive domain. MLLI scores did not differ by schedules. There is some evidence favouring stronger theory-laboratory connection from the qualitative MLLI data and the focus group interviews, although cognitive overloading may adversely impact low ability learners. This work showed that block scheduling does not affect the chemistry skills-set equally, which opens the topic for future research. Suggestions for future implementation of chemistry block teaching were also proposed.

This critical classroom study of language oppression draws from the notion of existing inequalities based on power relations in education research, as addressed in a critical ethnography. This critical classroom study explores the cases of two recent immigrant students, "Manuel" and "Malena," on the -U.S.-Mexican border near El Paso, Texas, who were attending a fifth-grade dual language class at "Border PK-5 Elementary School" (pseudonyms). This school followed a 50/50 dual immersion model from K-fourth grade. By the fifth grade in this school, 70% of the academic time was taught in English and 30% in Spanish. Documented data from observations in the classroom and students' multimodal testimonios reveal acts of linguistic bullying against the two recent immigrants based on their underdeveloped second language, English, when self-regulated learning was at work in a cooperative learning environment.

Post-pandemic, many universities are seeking ways to better engage students and support them to stay with and succeed in their studies. Immersive scheduling, whereby students complete units over shorter time periods than the traditional 12-15 week semester or trimester, may be a way to do this and improve academic outcomes at scale. This paper focuses on the impact of an immersive scheduling model at a public Australian university where higher education is being delivered over 6-week terms using active learning pedagogy. Student grades (N = 9,655) and unit feedback survey responses (N = 3,267) were collected from a suite of non-award pathways, sub-bachelor and Bachelor units offered in the immersive scheduling model in 2021 and the traditional trimester model in 2019. Results were compared across the two models for commencing, continuing, pathways, undergraduate, on-campus, online and mixed-mode students. Success rates improved in the immersive scheduling model compared to the traditional trimester model to a statistically significant degree for all cohorts, with particularly strong achievement enhancements observed for online students. These improvements exceeded results for a control group of units delivered in the traditional model in both years. Strong improvements in the pathways units, which were delivered using active learning pedagogy before and after the implementation of immersive scheduling, demonstrate that the more focused way of learning created through the model may be an important factor underpinning improved academic success. High levels of unit and teaching satisfaction were maintained in the immersively-scheduled units, indicating that the model supports high student satisfaction.

While community colleges excel at expanding postsecondary enrollments, these institutions often struggle to help students succeed. A chorus of school leaders and policymakers increasingly agree that broad-based, comprehensive organizational change is needed to drastically improve community college student success and equity. The Guided Pathways reform model has been increasingly adopted in recent years by institutions looking to usher in such change. This paper explores an important but overlooked aspect of guided pathways reforms: course scheduling practices and how such practices can be redesigned to improve the experiences and outcomes of racially minoritized student groups.

This study sought to explore the motivations and challenges to the engagement of female West African university students, whilst participating in competitive and non-competitive extra-curricular sport and physical activity (ECSPA). The study was situated at a university in the North West of England that has a culturally diverse student population. The ECSPA program that operates at the university seeks to enable individuals to embark upon activities away from their academic schedule, wherein engagement in such activities is thought to nurture health, well-being and social development. Drawing on the intersections of ethnicity, culture and gender, the study aimed to identify the dominant constructs that influence West African students' motivations towards ECSPA. An online cross-sectional survey of 168 participants with an average age of 34 years complimented by two focus group interviews involving 15 participants, was the primary data source for this study. The women in the study evidenced their key motivations for engaging in ECSPA, such as enjoyment, affiliation and appearance. However, a range of structural barriers to participating in ECSPA was identified including cultural insensitivities, unrelatable marketing and the non-alignment of ECSPA scheduling to the academic timetable.

This study sought to investigate the impact of COVID-19-induced flexible work arrangements (FWAs) on gender differences in research outputs during COVID-19. A mixed research methodology was used, focusing on higher learning institutions in Zimbabwe. Purposive sampling was applied to select 250 researchers from the 21 registered universities in Zimbabwe. The study's findings revealed that institutions of higher learning in Zimbabwe did not provide the necessary affordances to enable both male and female academics to work from home effectively. The study also established that FWAs were preferred and appreciated by both male and female academics. However, whilst both male and female academics performed their teaching responsibilities without incident, unlike males, females struggled to find time for research, thus affecting professional growth and development negatively for female academics. Cultural traditions were found to subordinate females to domestic and caregiving responsibilities unrelated to their professions. The findings raise questions on the feasibility of the much-recommended FWAs for future work on female academics' research careers. Thus, without the necessary systems and processes to support female researchers, FWAs can only widen the gender gap in research outputs. This study contributes to the Zimbabwean higher learning institutions' perspective on how FWAs' policies and practices could be re-configured to assist female researchers in enhancing their research outputs as well as their career growth.

Student persistence remains an important focus for higher education professionals. National conferences and other professional development opportunities regularly highlight information on resources, supports, and programmatic efforts that are most effective at helping college students persist. Retention is a key performance indicator for institutions, a significant policy issue, and a primary focus for researchers and practitioners (Seidman, 2012). Located just two miles apart in Brooklyn Park, Minnesota, a first-ring suburb of Minneapolis, are Hennepin Technical College (HTC) and North Hennepin Community College (NHCC). Both are a part of the Minnesota State system (MinnState) of colleges and universities. The colleges enroll similar student populations with a high number of students who are of diverse races and ethnicities, low-income, first-generation, and adult learners. Because the institutions are located within the same city and are facing similar trending enrollment declines, decreasing state funding, and a projected regional workforce shortage, the authors were compelled to conduct a local research study about persistence. To do this research, the authors partnered with the Brooklyn Bridge Alliance for Youth. As a result of this study the authors designed a Blueprint Action Plan to catalyze changes that will lead to increased student persistence which includes six collective actions detailed in this article.

Individuals with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are prone to stress and anxiety affecting their mental health. Although developing coping and resilience are key to cope with stressors of life, limited research exists. We aimed to explore stakeholders' experiences related to the coping and resilience of adults with ASD. We interviewed 22 participants, including 13 adults with ASD, five parents, and four service provides of adults with ASD from various Canadian provinces. Using thematic analysis, three themes emerged including: (a) societal expectations and conformity, (b) adjusting daily routines, and (c) learning overtime. This study highlights the importance of coping and informs the development of services to help enhance resilience among adults with ASD.

Duration schedules of reinforcement for continuous behavior abide by several preexisting operant behavioral economic equations for reinforcer cost, otherwise known as price, and consumption. Duration schedules require behaviors to occur for a set duration of time prior to accessing reinforcement, unlike interval schedules that produce reinforcement after the first instance of a behavior after a given period. Despite extensive examples of naturally occurring duration schedules, translational research regarding duration schedules is quite limited. Further, a lack of research investigating the implementation of such reinforcement schedules, combined with concepts such as preference, represents a gap in the applied behavior analysis literature. The current study measured three elementary students' preferences for fixed- and mixed-duration schedules of reinforcement during academic work completion. Results suggest students prefer mixed-duration schedules of reinforcement that provide the opportunity to access reinforcement at a reduced price and that such arrangements could be employed to increase work completion and academic-engaged time.

In the fall of 2020, two teacher educators conducted a qualitative study to better understand how 14 female undergraduate, early childhood education teacher candidates completing student teaching at a large public university in a Midwestern state, navigated student teaching during a global pandemic. Analyzing data from transcripts of regularly submitted teaching reflections, we examined how these novice educators perceived and reacted to this situation, to determine the influence of this unique event on their professional growth. Findings revealed that while some elements of student teaching appeared similar to the experience of candidates completing student teaching in earlier times, these candidates' experience was colored by the unavoidable challenges of a global pandemic, including altered instructional experiences, professional interactions, student relationships, and pedagogical options. Because candidates student teaching during the pandemic had such different experiences than their earlier counterparts, a traditional menu of learning opportunities and mentoring will likely be insufficient to meet their varied development requirements as new teachers. It will be critical to scrutinize the skills, knowledge base, and emotional perspectives of each early career educator and to create individualized development and support plans that build on the unique opportunities and challenges they will carry into their first teaching positions.

Choosing a career pathway in medicine is a high stakes decision for both medical students and the field of medicine as a whole. While past research has examined how characteristics of the medical student or specialties influence this decision, we introduce temporal elements as novel variables influencing career selection decisions in medicine. Specifically, we investigate how timing and duration of residency options, based on a rotation schedule that medical students have limited control over, influence their career selection decisions. An archival study investigating 5 years of medical student rotation schedules (N = 115) reveals that clinical rotation options appearing earlier and more often in the schedule were more likely to be selected. Moreover, timing and duration of exposure interacted such that residency options appearing later in the schedules were more likely to be selected if they also appeared more often. Conditional logistic regressions using student fixed-effects to control for idiosyncratic medical student differences (i.e., gender, & debt, etc.), and residency fixed-effects to control for idiosyncratic residency differences (income, and lifestyle, etc.), revealed the rotation schedule had a significant impact on residency selection decisions even when controlling for factors typically influencing this decision. Medical students' career decisions are influenced by when and how long different choice options appear in their rotation schedule, especially when they have limited influence over this schedule. The results have implications for healthcare policy by highlighting a tool for adjusting physician workforce composition by broadening exposure to a greater array of career options.

Contribution: The main contribution of this study is to gather and report on the challenges faced by IS courses based on the professors' perspectives. Background: Information systems (ISs) area focuses on the interplay among people, processes/organizations, and technologies. As such, stimulating technical and nontechnical competencies are required from professors and students. For instance, despite the current number of IS bachelor's degree courses, several difficulties have been faced, e.g., students dropout, novel careers in Computing and Informatics, and market waves. Research Questions: What are the challenges and difficulties of IS Education, considering the professors' perspective? Methodology: A survey research was executed to collect data related to the IS courses, and a qualitative analysis was performed to answer the research question based on coding procedures. The nature of the research is exploratory and descriptive. Findings: Results reveal the importance of continuous training for professors, the institutional policies to support students, the creation of hybrid courses to reduce barriers to students, and course class time offered in the mornings and afternoons.

Accreditation by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) exemplifies a widely accepted commitment to business school differentiation both in terms of both value and quality. Business schools embarking on the initial accreditation journey must invest significant human and capital resources to achieve this goal. Given this, institutions should employ practices designed to optimize their potential for success. Well-established project management processes can do just that. This paper summarizes the scope of AACSB initial accreditation, reviews applicable project management development approaches, and summarizes the project management methods and artifacts most appropriate for each phase of the accreditation process.

A considerable number of children and adolescents suffer from mental health difficulties, yet a much smaller percentage of these students receive mental health services. Given the amount of time that youth spend at school, being able to offer mental health services at school is a logical solution. In this paper we present an innovative idea for increasing mental health services in schools through partnering with behavioral health training programs, such as social work, counseling, and psychology. The mutually beneficial nature of these partnerships is described and a framework for deciding what services are needed is offered. The article ends with a detailed analysis of logistical challenges and decisions regarding identifying potential clients, supervision, curriculum, scheduling, funding, confidentiality and records, competence, and consent.

Visual supports are content provided in a visual manner that help people to navigate and/or make sense of the world around them. The use of visual supports has been identified as an evidence-based practice (EBP), with evidence of its effectiveness when used to address challenging behavior, school readiness outcomes, joint attention outcomes, or used to teach social skills, communication skills, play skills, adaptive/self-help skills, cognitive skills, and pre-academic/academic skills for both preschool and elementary school-age students with ASD (Steinbrenner et al., 2020). Spriggs et al. (2017) list two types of visual supports: visual activity schedules (VAS) and video modeling (VM). The purpose of this article is to provide educators with descriptions of how VAS and VM can be used with Quick Response (QR) codes to extend instruction for young children both with and without disabilities.

Contextual interference is an established phenomenon in learning research; random practice schedules are associated with poorer performance, but superior learning, compared with blocked practice schedules. We present a secondary analysis of N = 84 healthy young adults, replicating the contextual interference effect in a time estimation task. We used the determinant of a correlation matrix to measure the amount of order in participant responses. We calculated this determinant in different phase spaces: trial space, the determinant of the previous five trials (lagged constant error 0-4); and target space, the determinant of the previous five trials of the same target. In trial space, there was no significant difference between groups (p = 0.98) and no Group × Lag interaction (p = 0.54), although there was an effect of Lag (p < 0.01). In target space, there were effects of Group (p = 0.02), Lag (p < 0.01), and a Group × Lag interaction (p = 0.03). Ultimately, randomly scheduled practice was associated with adaptive corrections but positive correlations between errors from trial to trial (e.g., overshoots followed by smaller overshoots). Blocked practice was associated with more adaptive corrections but uncorrelated responses. Our findings suggest that random practice leads to the retrieval and updating of the target from memory, facilitating long-term retention and transfer.

This paper analyzes how weekly study plans can increase student achievement in developmental mathematics courses at a four-year public institution of higher education. Quantitative data were collected regarding student completion of weekly study plans through an experimental methodology. Results show that students in the experimental group earned higher average grades across all categories (each exam and overall course grade) when compared to the control group. A discussion of findings and limitations is included.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of free time management skills upon smartphone addiction risk in university students. The study follows a relational screening model of research and makes use of descriptive analyses alongside correlation and stepwise regression statistical methods. The study group consists of 591 university students. A glance at the findings indicate that the overall smartphone addiction risk in the study group is relatively low and that a statistically significant yet weak and negative relationship exists between smartphone addiction risk and free time management skills. Three out of the four sub-dimensions of free time management scale; namely "scheduling", "leisure attitude" and "goal setting" were found to be have statistically significant correlations with smartphone addiction risk at moderate, weak and weak levels respectively. Lastly, a stepwise regression test has shown that the "scheduling" sub-dimension alone is a significant predictor of smartphone addiction risk, explaining 15.2% of variance in scores. In conclusion, these findings may be interpreted as the possession of higher free time management skill in university students is associated with lower risk of smartphone addiction. The basis of this phenomenon may be inclination of some students to prefer spending all their free time using their smartphones, due to lack of management skills. The results have been further discussed further under the light of associated findings in the academic literature and implications for future research have been made.

This study examined the relationships among school specialists, specifically, special education teachers, Child Study Team members (school psychologists and school social workers), and school counselors, who provide support to students with specific learning needs and their families. By examining the relationship and level of collaboration among these professionals, this research provides further insight into the way schools are addressing the needs of a diverse student body. It was found that relationship barriers may be negatively impacting the work of these school specialists and ultimately affecting the students. Explored relationship barriers included time restrictions, scheduling conflicts, and role ambiguity. Recommendations for collaboration are discussed to support the development of these relationships.

Instructional coaching is a professional development model that seeks to improve classroom practice through collaborative, non-evaluative partnerships between teachers and coaches. Although existing literature suggests that coaching in pre-service teacher programs is relatively uncommon, the limited research on its use is promising. This exploratory case study examined one coaching partnership between a pre-service English as a Second Language (ESL) teacher and an English language teaching (ELT) faculty member during a course for adult paraprofessional educators learning to take an exam required for teaching licensure. The results of a qualitative document analysis of reflective writing, email correspondence and an audio-recorded phone conversation suggest that instructional coaching supported the pre-service ESL teacher through the use of unique coaching elements, including modeling, a window on the coach's reflective process, opportunities to request specific feedback and the coach's familiarity with the pre-service teacher's students. The coaching partnership also provided an opportunity for the ELT faculty member to grow professionally. Our findings point to the importance of positive interpersonal dynamics in the coaching relationship and the need for clear goal setting, expectations and scheduling logistics.

The purpose of the study is to reveal the professional development barriers of teachers. The study was designed in the qualitative approach and as the research method, "phenomenology" was used. The maximum variation sampling method, which is one of the purposive sampling methods, was used in the selection of the study group. Since high school teachers face the phenomenon of professional development more often, the study was carried out with twelve branch teachers who work in high schools in Elazig city center in Turkey. Participants have the maximum variation in terms of participant profiles like gender, branch, seniority and educational level variables. The semi-structured interview was used as the data collection tool. Qualitative data was analyzed by using the descriptive analysis method. The results of the study indicated that teachers' professional development barriers were the inadequacy of in-service training, problems in school functioning, individual problems and other problems. Also, professional development barriers such as negative attitudes towards in-service training courses, inconvenient course time, the monotony of course content, inefficacy of course trainers, out of content knowledge, unsatisfactory performance evaluation, heavy workload, financial problems and, lack of professional development opportunities were emphasized more by the participants. The results of the study are consistent with the results of other studies in the literature on teachers' professional development. It was emphasized by the researchers that professional development programs should be developed according to the characteristics of effective professional development programs and, the professional development of teachers should be supported by stakeholders in order to overcome these obstacles.

Depression and suicide rates among youths tended to increase. From reviews, many applications and online counseling could reduce depression and anxiety to promote well-being of youths and university students effectively. This study was conducted to develop "Friend from heart" application based on LINE system to promote well-being for undergraduate students of faculty of education, Kasetsart University. The research method included the survey of basic data for developing the application and evaluation of the application by specialists. A total of 72 voluntary students were invited to join an online survey. It was found that most of the students (81.94%) wanted applications that provide physical health information such as exercise, eating healthy food, and health care. However, about 16.66% of students needed an application that can speak or listen problems with video calls. Then, researchers took the services that students were interested more than 50% to develop the applications. It worked through the application, consisting of chatbot, physical health, mental health, and appointment with counselor. The index of item-objective congruence was 0.66-1.00 with additional specialists commenting that the application had an interesting design with good structure to help students. For ethical approval, it was obtained from the Kasetsart University Research Ethics Committee.

The COVID-19 pandemic has produced many changes in the lives of our students and families. In this article, the responses of students in criminal justice classes at a Hispanic serving institution in south Texas were collected and synthesized. The 252 responses were divided into seven frequently observed and repeated themes: jobs and job related, school and courses, graduation, routine, family, positivity, and groceries/shopping. Findings for this time period matched what much of what the national and international news and reports have all reported. It indicates that, as teaching professionals, we must be mindful to provide the added support to assist our students as they navigate this changing time.

E-tandem language exchange is an online learning method that positively influences learners to gain knowledge and improve their linguistic and communicative competences. The main aim of this qualitative research was to analyze the advantages and drawbacks of an institutional, non-integrated e-tandem developed between a group of English learners from the Technical University of Cotopaxi, Ecuador, and Spanish learners from Miami University in Florida. Data were collected by using observation files and students' journals. The study shows that this e-tandem project positively influenced students' language learning, culture, and motivation. The students demonstrated positive attitudes toward language learning and interest in participating. Nevertheless, there were some drawbacks: technological problems, scheduling problems, the lack of a tutors' guide, compatibility of e-tandem partners, and a low level of the target language. We assert that most of these problems were related to the mode of implementation--institutional and nonintegrated. Furthermore, the lack of infrastructure and an administrative process affected the benefits that e-tandem offers. Based on this finding, we suggest strengthening the current project by integrating it into the curriculum so that students have a better learning experience.

Project-based learning has been explored in a variety of contexts and different phases of education. Several implementation challenges are associated with project-based learning. Among these challenges is ensuring collaboration between students enrolled in a project assignment. The purpose of this study was to present several practical insights on how to tackle collaboration challenges in project-based learning. The study is based on the qualitative analysis of 67 reflections reports submitted by students who were enrolled in a project-based learning assignment in engineering education. The results suggest that collaboration challenges can be traced to priority conflicts between students as well as to the uncertainty in the project assignment. The results further suggest that these challenges can be successfully addressed by applying a structured project-management approach to planning, communication, and follow up. In addition, the findings suggest this structured approached should be supported by a mindset that recognizes the importance of adaptations and flexibility as the project develops. Moreover, the findings suggest that a collaboration environment based on inclusion, openness, and support enables students to respond to emerging problems and disagreements. The paper outlines several recommendations on how to improve students' collaboration ability within project teams in the context of project-based assignments.

Because of the unexpected and debilitating effect of the current pandemic, the impact of the pandemic on teachers is detrimental. This paper investigated the public-school teachers' sleep, religious tasks, and suicidal thoughts. The study used a descriptive correlational de-sign with the online survey as the primary data gathering tool. 198 public school teachers from a school's division in Central Luzon, Philippines participated in the online survey. The researchers created the online instrument with validation done by experts. After the data gathering, the study used the following statistical tools to calculate the frequency count, percentage, rank, t-test, and Analysis of Variance with the help of SPSS 22. Results show that teachers go to sleep be-tween 10:00-11:00 PM and wake up between 5:00-6:00 AM. This comprises 7-9 hours of sleep. Teachers also go to church or other religious meetings once a week and also, they pray, meditate, or study the Bible more than once a week. Also, most of the responses of teachers in the suicidal thoughts were either "no" or "never". Furthermore, the study also found significant differences in the teachers' sleep, religious tasks, and suicidal thoughts when grouped according to their profile. The study concluded that teachers have established sleep and religious tasks routines. On the other hand, suicidal thoughts are out of the options for the teachers' business.