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An experiment was conducted in the year 2016-2017 in the Department of Horticulture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat to determine the effect of addition of marigold petals in poultry feed for increasing the carotenoid content in egg yolk and also to enhance the egg yolk colour in laying hens. The petals were supplemented with the basal diet in terms of carotenoid content viz: T0 (Control), T1(4mg carotenoid/kg diet), T2(8mg carotenoid/kg diet) and T3(12mg carotenoid/kg diet) The treatments interacted significantly with the days of feeding for the total carotenoid content (µg/g) in egg yolk both for fresh and dried petals. On analysis of egg yolk at three days interval for total carotenoid after starting supplemented diets, it was observed that the carotenoid accumulation in egg yolk increased from 3rd day of feeding to 30th day. The highest accumulation (38.82 µg/g) and (40.81µg/g) for fresh and dried petals respectively was recorded for T3(12 mg carotenoid/kg diet) followed by T2(8 mg carotenoid/kg diet) which were 29.34 µg/g and 30.57µg/g for fresh and dried petals respectively. However, in case of the control no such accumulation of carotenoid in egg yolk was observed upto 30th day after feeding normal diet. Highest yolk colour score, as estimated by DSM yolk colour fan was recorded for both fresh petal (10.73) and dried petal (10.8) for diet supplemented with 12 mg carotenoid per kg diet (T3). The lowest colour score 7.26 was recorded for basal diet, i.e. control (T0).

Heart-lung transplantation has historically been used as a definitive treatment for children with end-stage cardiopulmonary failure, although the number performed has steadily decreased over time. In this review, we discuss current indications, preoperative risk factors, outcomes, and heart-lung transplantation in unique patient subsets, including infants, children with single-ventricle physiology, tetralogy of Fallot/major aortopulmonary collateral arteries, and prior Potts shunt palliation. We also describe the different surgical techniques utilized in pediatric heart-lung transplantation.

The study explores recent innovations in robotic and sensor-based technologies that are spearheading advancements in the construction sector to achieve improvements in construction quality, efficiency, and safety. Automation in construction, although coined as a concept in 1980s, has witnessed minimal progress in the level of application. The study attempts to identify issues constraining adoption of automation in the sector, the recent developments in technologies and their scope in construction, their applications and impacts, and way forward. The role of robotics in various stages of construction and its impact on a wider scale has been identified and discussed. The evolution of Building Information Modeling (BIM) has transitioned it into being an efficient mediator in the construction process with novel concepts such as 4D and 5D BIM and Building Knowledge Management. Various sensor technologies, functioning at diverse scales, have found wide-ranging applications on construction sites ranging from high-accuracy positioning to slow-tracking of personnel and materials, as well as, in progress monitoring and quality control. Information Technology has a major role in binding the sensor technology with on-site requirements to create positive results. A study was done to identify such technological interventions and various software utilities which integrate BIM and sensor technology with tools such as GIS. The factors which restrained developments in automation in construction sector were identified in the course of study. Various global examples of advanced automated construction technologies with applications in various stages of construction were discussed. The review successfully identifies the nascent technological innovations and their productive usage in relevant areas of construction sector.

We report the first direct measurement of differential transfer cross sections using a Recoil Mass Spectrometer. Absolute differential $1p$ and $2p$-stripping cross sections at $\theta_\mathrm{c.m.}=180^\circ$ have been determined for the system $^{16}$O+$^{142}$Ce by detecting the heavier target-like ions at the focal plane of the Heavy Ion Reaction Analyzer. Focal plane spectra have been compared with the results of a semi-microscopic Monte-Carlo simulation to unambiguously identify the transfer channels. Transmission efficiency of the target-like ions through the spectrometer has also been estimated using the simulation. The methodology adopted in this work can be applied to other recoil separators. The measured excitation functions for the reactions $^{142}\mathrm{Ce(}^{16}\mathrm{O,}^{15}\mathrm{N)}^{143}\mathrm{Pr}$ and $^{142}\mathrm{Ce(}^{16}\mathrm{O,}^{14}\mathrm{C)}^{144}\mathrm{Nd}$ have been compared with coupled reaction channel calculations. An excellent matching between measurement and theory has been obtained. For $1p$-stripping, major contribution to the cross section has been found to be the transfer of a proton from $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ to the $2d_{\frac{5}{2}}$ excited state of $^{143}\mathrm{Pr}$, leaving behind $^{15}\mathrm{N}$ in the $1p_{\frac{1}{2}}$ ground state. Transfer of a cluster of two protons from $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ to the $2^{+}$ excited state of $^{144}\mathrm{Nd}$, resulting in $^{14}\mathrm{C}$ in the $0^{+}$ ground state, appears to be the most probable cause for $2p$-stripping. Measured transfer probabilities for $1p$ and $2p$ channels have been compared with Time-Dependent Hartree-Fock calculations. Proton stripping channels are found to be more favourable compared to neutron pick-up channels. However, the theory overpredicts measurement hinting at the need for extended approaches with explicit treatment of pairing correlations in the calculations.

The present study aims to the efficiency of conventional Savonius turbines by virtue of active aerodynamics, and a novel reorienting blade mechanism is designed and implemented on the existing turb...

The Executive summary of Sepsis 2021 was published recently, which for the first time, recommended that in septic shock, the vasopressor infusion should be commenced through a peripherally inserted venous catheter (PiVC) for up to 6 hours. We discuss the scientific basis for such a recommendation regarding the safety of vasopressor infusion through a peripherally inserted vascular catheter or the accepted duration.Nath SS, Nachimuthu N. Viewpoint: Weak Scientific Basis for the Recommendation of Executive Summary of Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines 2021. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(8):898-899.

Hard concrete roofs cause excessive heat gain impacting thermal comfort in buildings. Terrace gardens promoting greening at higher levels of built structures are seen as one of the key mitigating strategies for modifying building microclimate and improving urban health. We have undertaken a research project to quantitatively assess the value of a terrace garden in a residential scale. A garden patch of about 15 m2 in area, a typical size available in most urban terraces is developed. Surface temperatures are measured over a period of 15 months between July 2018 to January 2020 using four thermocouple sensors, placed within and outside the garden bed, on and below the roof. We compare the thermal performance of the terrace garden across years, seasons, time of the day, presence or absence of garden bed and type and height of vegetation. The surface temperature data was found to correlate well with the ambient air temperature values. The results show that the terrace garden moderates and stabilises the ceiling temperatures and reduces it by about 2–3 °C in winter months and 5–7 °C in hot summers. The garden also provided nearly 400 g of fresh monthly vegetable harvest per m2 of garden. Further, the cooling impact of the terrace garden with natural, tall, wild vegetation is higher as compared to planted vegetation. The study demonstrates a sustainable approach to terrace garden design at residential scale through quantified dual benefits of temperature control within buildings and urban farming.

An ultrathin Terahertz Triple-band ideal meta material absorber with a brand-new design that is straightforward has been presented. The suggested terahertz meta material absorber has a unit cell that is made up of two D-shaped resonators with slots and a ground metallic plane. These elements are separated from one another by a polyimide dielectric substrate that has a thickness of 500 micrometers. The absorber construction that has been presented provides three distinct absorption peaks within the narrow frequency range of (0.4-0.46 THz) without producing any interference. In order to get a deeper comprehension of the mechanism behind the absorption process, an investigation into the electric field, the magnetic field, the surface current distribution, and the independence of the polarization angle has been carried out. It is anticipated that the configuration of the terahertz absorber that has been described would find use in applications relating to the lowering of radar cross-section, detection, imaging, and sensing. One of the contributions of this study is the description of a downsized and compact triple-band terahertz meta material absorber. In order to generate the unit cell of a terahertz absorber, an identical I-typed resonator, which is represented by a rectangular patch with two very small notches, is first deposited on top of a dielectric sheet and then a metallic mirror. The terahertz regime reveals three distinct frequency spots, and the design of the very small structure allows for virtually full absorption of all of them.

A novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and continues to be a global health challenge. To understand viral disease biology, we have carried out proteo-genomic analysis using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and mass spectrometry on nasopharyngeal swabs of COVID-19 patients to examine the clinical genome and proteome. Our study confirms the mutability of SARS-CoV-2 showing multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms. NGS analysis detected 27 mutations, of which 14 are synonymous, 11 are missense, and 2 are extragenic in nature. Phylogenetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 isolates indicated their close relation to a Bangladesh isolate and multiple origins of isolates within the country. Our proteomic analysis, for the first time, identified 13 different SARS-CoV-2 proteins from the clinical swabs. Of the total 41 peptides captured by high-resolution mass spectrometry, 8 matched to nucleocapsid protein, 2 to ORF9b, and 1 to spike glycoprotein and ORF3a, with remaining peptides mapping to ORF1ab polyprotein. Additionally, host proteome analysis revealed several key host proteins to be uniquely expressed in COVID-19 patients. Pathway analysis of these proteins points toward modulation in immune response, especially involving neutrophil and IL-12-mediated signaling. Besides revealing the aspects of host-virus pathogenesis, our study opens new avenues to develop better diagnostic markers and therapeutic approaches.

Background: In this paper, the design and computational modeling of microfluidic channel capable of separating platelets and Red Blood Cell (RBC) from the other blood cells are proposed. Materials and Methods: Separation based on their sizes is made possible by utilizing negative dielectrophoretic (n-DEP) force in fusion with drag force. An array of 38º angled electrode separated by 70 μm distance is designed within the microchannel and analyzed for non-uniform electric field distribution. Results and Conclusion: The molecule movement within the microchannel under induced electric field is simulated to demonstrate the separation using the particle trajectories module. A numerical study is performed for the calculation of Clausius Mossotti (CM) factor, n-DEP force and drag force.

The tectonic activity in the Himalayan region is reflected through major and minor lineaments associated with the major fault and thrust systems. In the present study, we used multi-sensor optical and microwave radar remote sensing images and topographic elevation data for extraction of lineaments. Image enhancement of remote sensing data and relief shading of topographic elevation data were performed for highlighting the lineaments. Eight structural domains were selected in and around the major thrusts and strike slip faults in north-western and central Himalayan regions. From the angular distribution of lineaments, the vector mean orientations of major and minor lineaments were determined for each of the structural domains. Considering areal coverage of individual litho-units, area-weighted internal friction angles were obtained for eight structural domains. Finally, based on the Mohr-Coulomb failure criteria, the directions of maximum principal stress (s1) were estimated from the orientations of shear fractures. The study shows a good agreement between minor lineaments based maximum principal stress directions and GPS based plate motion vectors. But, we found a significant deviation between major and minor lineaments based principal stress directions and plate motion vectors for some of the structural domains those were affected by post-thrusting strike-slip fault tectonics. This is perhaps due to the fact that major lineaments give rise to the maximum principal stress direction of older collision and post-collision phases whereas minor lineaments represent essentially recent to sub-recent active tectonics phase. Further, subtle local deviations in the principal stress directions may be attributed to litho-tectonic heterogeneities.

With the rapid increase of urbanization and industrialization, the energy demand has expeditiously risen. The natural resources are limited and will be extinct in the next few years. If the depletion of fossil fuels continues at the same rate as it is, the world will suffer from severe energy scarcity in the nearer future. Therefore, to reduce the dependency on liquid-based petroleum fuels, there is an urgent need for alternative fuels that could compensate for diesel demand and reduce harmful emissions from the atmosphere. The paper presents the designing, modeling, and analyzing a newly designed double lobe camshaft for a compressed air engine. In this study, a 100-cc Four-Stroke SI engine manufactured by Bajaj Auto, an Indian motorcycle manufacturer, was used and tested on compressed air. The engine was modified from a conventional four-stroke to a two-stroke engine by designing a new camshaft for opening the valves at different timings. The newly designed camshaft contains axisymmetric double lobes on both the inlet and outlet cams. Thus, in one complete revolution of the crankshaft, both the valves open once, resulting in one power stroke and one exhaust stroke, eliminating the compression and intake stroke. Any modifications in the camshaft cause various changes in the stress distribution and deformation along the shaft, which should be studied to provide us vital information about the life and effectiveness of the new modified camshaft. The objective is to determine the new valve lift profile, deformation, and equivalent (Von-Mises) stress under loading conditions on the double lobe camshaft. The designing and modeling of the camshaft are done in SOLIDWORKS 2020, and structural analysis is carried out in ANSYS 2020. The maximum total deformation resulted from the analysis comes out to be 5.72 × 10-4 mm, and the maximum value of equivalent stress evaluated is 31.17 MPa.

Background Accidental ingestion of a dental bur during the dental procedure is a rare, but a potentially serious complication. Early recognition and foreign body retrieval is essential to prevent adverse patient outcomes. Case presentation A 76-year old male patient, presented to the department with a chief complaint of sensitivity in his upper right back tooth due to attrition. After assessing the pulp status, root canal therapy was planned for the tooth. During the procedure, it was noticed that the dental bur slipped out of the hand piece and the patient had accidentally ingested it. The patient was conscious and had no trouble while breathing at the time of ingestion of the bur although he had mild cough which lasted for a short duration. The dental procedure was aborted immediately and the patient was taken to the hospital for emergency care. The presence and location of the dental bur was confirmed using chest and abdominal x-rays and it was subsequently retrieved by esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) procedure under general anaesthesia on the same day as a part of the emergency procedure. The analysis of this case reaffirms the importance of the use of physical barriers such as rubber dams and gauze screens as precautionary measures to prevent such incidents from occurring. Conclusion Ingestion of instruments are uncertain and hazardous complications to encounter during a dental procedure. The need for physical barrier like rubber dam is mandatory for all dental procedures. However, the dentist should be well trained to handle such medical emergencies and reassure the patient by taking them into confidence. Each incident encountered should be thoroughly documented to supply adequate guidance for treatment aspects. This would fulfil the professional responsibilities of the dentist/ clinician and may help avoid possible legal and ethical issues. This case report emphasizes on the need for the usage of physical barriers during dental procedures in order to avoid medical emergencies.

Only a handful of highly specialized transplant centers across the world are performing pediatric lung transplantation. Growing experience with sequential bilateral transplants has resulted in improved outcomes and it has mostly replaced the en bloc double lung transplant technique. In our institution, however, we preferentially adopted this technique for the infant population and we have noted favorable outcomes with this approach. Median sternotomy and dissection of the aorta, aortopulmonary window and right pulmonary artery is performed. The trachea is exposed between the aorta and the superior vena cava. The lungs are mobilized and the hilar structures are isolated extrapericardially. The pericardium is opened on both sides and pleuropericardial windows are developed. The recipient is cannulated at the ascending aorta, superior vena cava and IVC. Each lung is removed sequentially with the division of the pulmonary veins, pulmonary arteries, and main bronchi all extrapericardially. The donor right and the left lungs are prepared and passed into the respective hemithoraces through their respective pericardial windows. The donor distal trachea is then taken into the posterior mediastinum between the superior vena cava and aortic arch and suture anastomosed with recipient trachea. The recipient main pulmonary artery is divided just proximal to its bifurcation and main pulmonary artery to main pulmonary artery end to end anastomosis is carried out. An oblique atriotomy is made between the ligated stumps of the right and left pulmonary veins, and extended into the left atrial appendage. The donor left atrial cuff is anastomosed to this atriotomy. The lungs are slowly reinflated and ventilated.

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is considered the standard procedure for surgical resection in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there is still lingering speculation on its adequacy of lymph node (LN) dissection or sampling and the long-term survival benefits when compared to open thoracotomy. Given the above, we conducted a systematic review comparing VATS and thoracotomy in terms of their oncological effectiveness in resection. We explored major research literature databases and search engines such as MEDLINE, PubMed, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate to find pertinent articles. After the meticulous screening, quality check, and applying relevant filters according to our eligibility criteria, we identified 16 studies relevant to our research question, out of which one was a randomized controlled trial, one meta-analysis, and 14 were observational studies. The study comprised 44,673 patients with NSCLC, out of whom 15,093 patients were operated by VATS and the remaining 29,580 patients by thoracotomy. The results indicate that VATS is equivalent to thoracotomy in total LNs (N1 + N2) and LN stations dissected. However, a thoracotomy may achieve slightly better mediastinal lymph node dissection (N2) in terms of assessing a greater number of mediastinal lymph nodes and nodal stations. This may be attributed to a better visual field during mediastinal nodal clearance by an open approach. Also, nodal upstaging was consistently more common with an open approach. In terms of long-term outcomes, both overall survival and disease-free survival rates were similar between the two groups, with VATS offering a slightly better survival benefit. Irrespective of the increased rates of nodal upstaging by an open approach, we conclude that VATS should be considered a highly efficient alternative to thoracotomy in both early and locally advanced NSCLC.

Present study was conducted to examine the cost and revenues along the live sheep value chain in Sudan besides the determination of marketing indicators and value addition for the sheep as economic performance among the main actors of the chain covering the locations of Elkhwei, Elnhud locality in West Kordofan state and Omdurman locality in Khartoum state. The data were collected through a field survey conducted during July- September 2018 using questionnaires, stratified random sampling representing the live sheep value chain actors of producers, wholesalers, retailers, processors, and exporters with a total sample size of 300 respondents. The study was following the descriptive statistics methods. The results showed that the producers, exporters, and processors bear the major cost in the live sheep value chain compared to retailers and wholesalers. The cost items of transporting, loading, and veterinary care were the major cost items after the certificate of origin and feed items for they comprised the main value activities performed along the chain of exporters. Also, the revenues of live sheep marketing increase along the value chain to reach its highest value for exporters. That is the same for the marketing indicators "GMM, NMM, and GPM as they increase along with the value chain actors. The producers' share in the sheep marketing value chain in Sudan owns 29% of the sheep market and the sheep (MER) in Sudan is considered as very good registering 71%. Exporters get the most value of sheep marketing as a commodity moving along the value chain reaching 67% compared to value-added for the other factors.

Modern Medicine has been at the forefront in the use of patient simulation for research, training and performance assessment. With simulation, no patients are at risk for exposure to novice caregivers or unproven technologies. It becomes very important in field of toxicological emergencies, due to its acute onset of presentation, rapid progression of symptoms, and early deterioration of vitals and adverse outcomes in morbidity and mortality of patients in extremes of ages. Our observational study suggests that Emergency, Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (FMT) residents and Nurses have limited exposure to critically ill patients of trauma and toxicology and the budding forensic professionals lack the skills to manage them. Simulation has the potential to fill this educational void in managing clinical forensic and toxicological emergencies. The following review will attempt to answer this call by quantifying the effect of simulation-based educational interventions on retention of knowledge and clinical performance, as applied to acute care toxicology.

Noodles, commonly prepared from hard/soft wheat flour, is popular throughout globe due to its’ versatility, low cost, ease of preparation and nutritional quality. Commercial noodles are rich in carbohydrates, but deficient in essential nutrients, like proteins, dietary fiber and vitamins. Due to scarcity of Essential Amino Acids (EAA) like lysine and methionine in wheat-proteins, incorporation of EAA-rich-protein and fatty-acid-rich-lipids from other sources are important to improve the nutritional quality of noodles. Fish, being an excellent source of high-quality protein, rich in lysine and methionine, omega-3 fatty-acids like eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), along with vitamins like A, D, B6, and B12, minerals like iron, zinc, iodine, selenium, potassium and sodium, protein enrichment can be achieved by fortification of carbohydrate-rich cereal-based-noodle with dried fish surimi powders. This makes the fortified noodles nutritionally significant and the sensory attributes facilitate greater consumption. Attributes like taste, nutrition, convenience, safety, longer shelf-life and reasonable price have increased global acceptance of noodles and admiration by all generations. Thus, instant noodles are used as space and emergency foods. As consumers are becoming health conscious by preferring diet rich in fiber, protein and low fat, readily digestible fish protein incorporated noodles can satisfy their nutritional requirement.

Zinc deficiency is associated with impaired growth, poor immune function and also adverse pregnancy outcomes. The main strategies to alleviate mineral deficiencies are food diversification, food fortification or supplementation. Recently, there is a growing interest on the metal oxide nano-particles owing to its various aspects such as bactericidal agents, destruction of carcinogenic cells and drug delivery applications. Fortification of zinc can be done with Zinc oxide (ZnO), currently listed as a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) material by the Food and Drug Administration. Due to the high antibacterial activity, chemical stability and solubility, nano-ZnO shows great interests in the application in fields of food additives, packing and agriculture, and biomedicine. The minced fish technology minimizes wastes, efficiently uses existing resources, helps in production of new versatile and nutritious foods and provides economic advantage to both the producer and consumer. Minced meat is used as a raw material for preparation of number of value-added products such as fish sausage, cakes, cutlets, patties, balls, pastes, texturized products, etc. Tilapia, an economically important food fish, is hardy and easy-to-grow, white-fleshed, mild-flavored and soothing palatability, thus regarded as a successful farmed fish and raw material of fish mince and subsequently surimi. During frozen or refrigerated storage, fish mince undergoes degradation; significant deterioration of sensory quality and loss of nutritional value have been detected as a result of changes in the protein and lipid fractions, formation of amines (volatile and biogenic) and hypoxanthine and changes in the physical properties of the muscle. The use of Zinc nanoparticles may be an efficient way of extending shelf life and food safety through the inhibition of spoilage and pathogenic bacteria without altering the nutritional quality of raw materials and food products due to broad-spectrum antibacterial activity of ZnO Np against pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Campylobacter jejuni, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Listeria monocytogenes. Thus, after reviewing a wide range of literatures, it can be projected that development of low-cost Zn Nano-particle fortified value-added fish product is the ultimate future to eradicate zinc deficiency and can be rational kick start to alleviate protein as well as zinc malnutrition.

Demands for fish protein including dried fish protein to develop functional food are gradually growing in the world. Surimi, the concentrated myofibrillar protein extracted from fish flesh by washing minced meat, separated from bones, skin, and guts with added cryoprotectants such as sugar or alcohol (most commonly used cryoprotectant in the surimi industry is 1:1 mixture of sucrose and sorbitol at a concentration of 8%), finally stored in frozen condition in block form, is used as a raw material for preparation of number of value-added products. The dried form of surimi can be prepared from frozen surimi blocks by adopting different drying technologies and it offers many advantages such as ease of handling, lower distribution costs and more convenient storage. The present work is aimed to study the effect of drying temperature on the quality of dry surimi powder, prepared from Pangasius meat. A significantly higher (p

Manual booking and monitoring of tickets in suburban trains is a hectic and time consuming process for the passengers and officials. Due to improper monitoring the government suffers a revenue loss every year. Hence we propose the development of an application that generates a QR code once the passenger logs in and is read to travel. The QR code has to be scanned at the boarding and destination station checkpoints for entry and exit access. The user’s ticket details are stored in a database for security purpose. After the scanning process at the destination, the travel fare computed based on the boarding and destination stations shall be automatically deducted from the dedicated wallet. Thereby, streamlining the system through our application makes the process effortless, efficient and compatible. The ticket checker is also provided with a checker application with which the user’s ticket information in the database can be verified. Thereby, streamlining the system through our application makes the process effortless, efficient and compatible.

The objective of this paper has been the development of a prototype of articulated Robotic arm and implementation of a control strategy for gesture recognition through (Leap motion sensor), by means the natural movement of the fore-arm and hand. The series of advances relative to the control techniques have caused that the robotics it has also introduced as an educational and complement in obligatory basic teachings. To develop and to control Robotic elements locally or remotely, it has always proven to be a clear example of additional motivation. The prototype developed has exceeded the initial expectations and at low cost.