Search

Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films (Pb:Zr:Ti=1:0.52:0.48) were prepared on various single-crystal substrates via dipping-pyrolysis process by use of metal naphthenates as starting materials. The alignments of these films were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) θ–2θ scans and β scans (pole figures). The films grown on Nb-doped SrTiO3, MgO or LaAlO3 showed an epitaxial relationship with substrates after heat treatment at 750°C, while those grown on sapphire and Si wafers exhibited polycrystalline or amorphous characteristics. Epitaxial films on SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 were found to consist of a c-axis oriented tetragonal phase, to minimize the lattice misfit with the substrates. These epitaxial films exhibited very smooth surfaces by SEM and AFM observations. In addition, the fluctuation of in-plane alignment was significantly dependent on the lattice-misfit values.

We report here a very rare case of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) following long-term chemotherapy with 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR) for gastric cancer. A 69-year-old man was diagnosed with the chronic phase of CML. Six years previously, he underwent radical subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer, and was subsequently treated with oral anti-metabolite 5'-DFUR as adjuvant chemotherapy for 6 years. He was placed on imatinib therapy, and achieved a major molecular response 10 months after the initiation of therapy. This is the first reported case of therapy-related CML following 5'-DFUR treatment.

Dense and smooth BaTiO3 thin films were prepared on SrTiO3 (100) substrates by the dipping-pyrolysis process using a mixed precursor solution of barium and titanium naphthenates. Combination effects of prefiring [at 150–450 °C in air or low oxygen partial pressure, p(O2)[ and final heat treatment [at 850 °C in air or low p(O2)[ on preparation of BaTiO3 thin films were examined. An epitaxial BaTiO3 thin film with a dense and smooth surface consisting of nanosized grains about 70 nm was prepared by prefiring under low p(O2) at 250 °C and final heat treatment under low p (O2) at 850 °C.

Epitaxially grown c -axis-oriented and `single phase' Yb(Ba 1− x Sr x ) 2 Cu 4 O 8 ( x =0–0.1) films were successfully fabricated on SrTiO 3 (001) substrates by a coating–pyrolysis process. The substitution limit of Sr decreased with increasing temperature in the range from 760 to 800°C. The films prepared at 780°C in flowing O 2 at ambient pressure were found to consist of an almost single phase of c -axis-oriented Yb(Ba 1− x Sr x ) 2 Cu 4 O 8 and a trace amount of c -axis YbBa 2 Cu 3 O 7− y . The reciprocal-map analysis of the films showed that the Yb(Ba 1− x Sr x ) 2 Cu 4 O 8 phase is pseudotetragonal. The superconducting transition temperatures increased by Sr-substitution and T c,zero (r)=81 K by dc-resistance and T c,onset (s)=81 K by ac-susceptibility measurements were obtained for the Yb(Ba 0.9 Sr 0.1 ) 2 Cu 4 O 8 film. The film with x =0.1, quenched from 600°C, also showed metallic behavior with T c,zero (r)=76 K.

YbBa2Cu4O8(Yb124) films were prepared on SrTiO3(001) and SrTiO3(110) substrates by coating-pyrolysis process at ambient pressure, and the alignments of these films were investigated by XRD θ-2θ scanning and XRD pole-figure analysis. Films prepared on SrTiO3(001) consisted of almost single-phase [001]-oriented epitaxial Yb124. On the other hand, films on SrTiO3(110) consisted of [107]-oriented epitaxial Yb124 and other impurity phases, one of which was considered to be so-called “other perovskite” phase.

The effect of neutron irradiation on Charpy impact properties of an ODS ferritic steel developed by PNC was studied. The miniaturized Charpy V-notch (MCVN) specimens (1.5 × 1.5 × 20 mm) of two orientations (longitudinal, called 1DS-L, and transverse, 1DS-T) were irradiated to fluence levels of (0.3–3.8) × 1026 n/m2 (En > 0.1 MeV) between 646 and 845 K in JOYO. MCVN specimens before and after the irradiation were subjected to instrumented Charpy impact tests. The test results and fracture surface observations showed that in the unirradiated state the steel showed no ductile-to-brittle transition behavior until 153 K regardless of orientation and the upper shelf energy of the steel was as high as that of a high-strength ferritic steel without dispersed oxide. Such excellent impact properties were essentially maintained after the irradiation although an appreciable decrease in absorbed energy occurred by higher temperature irradiations at and above 793 K.

Epitaxially grown c -axis-oriented and nearly single phase YbBa 2 Cu 4 O 8 (Yb124) films were prepared on SrTiO 3 (001) substrates by coating-pyrolysis process. Based on X-ray diffraction θ –2 θ and β scanning, the film heat-treated at 780°C in flowing O 2 at 1 atm was found to consist of c -axis-oriented Yb124 and a trace amount of c -axis YbBa 2 Cu 3 O 7− y (Yb123). This film showed metallic behaviour in the normal state and sharp superconducting transition at T c, zero =76 K by dc-resistance measurement, and T c, onset =78 K by ac-susceptibility measurement. The Yb124 phase is considered to form through a novel solid-state epitaxy route from the Yb 2 O 3 –BaCO 3 –CuO precursor, accompanying the decomposition of BaCO 3 , at ambient pressure without melt formation.

Epitaxially grown La 0.7 Sr 0.3 MnO 3 (LSMO) films were prepared on SrTiO 3 (001), LaAlO 3 (001) and MgO(001) single-crystal substrates by dipping-pyrolysis process. The fluctuation of alignments (mosaicity) of the films was evaluated based on X-ray diffraction 2 θ / θ scans, β scans (pole figures) and asymmetric 2 θ / ω scans (reciprocal-space maps). Lattice types and epitaxy were examined in the films after heat treatment at 1473–1873 K; the lattice type of the films on SrTiO 3 was pseudocubic, whereas those on LaAlO 3 and MgO were pseudocubic or rhombohedral, depending on the heat-treatment temperature. A mosaic spread (Δ ω ) of the LSMO film varied with the lattice-mismatch value between film and substrate. The LSMO films on SrTiO 3 (lattice misfit ≈1%) showed high epitaxy with a low Δ ω (≈0.50°), whereas the films on MgO (misfit ≈8%) exhibited a larger Δ ω (≈2.8°). Also, surface morphology of the film was found to markedly depend on the kind of substrate materials and annealing temperature.

Epitaxially grown Fe3−xO4 films were prepared on MgO(001) substrates by dipping-pyrolysis process using CO–CO2 gas mixtures. The structure and in-plane alignment of these films were examined by x-ray diffraction θ-2θ scans, β scans (pole figures), and asymmetric ω-2θ scans (reciprocal-space maps). The films heattreated at 500 °C and higher in an atmosphere with pCO/pCO2 = 10−4 had a spinel-type structure and were in an epitaxial (cube on cube) relationship with the substrates.

1 cm ×12 cm rectangular YBCO films for fault current limiter devices were prepared by MOD. Usually, solution coating in MOD is carried out by spin coating. However, there are some problems associated with spin coating of large-size rectangular substrates. Namely, the maximum substrate dimension is limited by cup size and motor torque of the apparatus. It was found that wire-bar coating is a promising alternative; this method is more easily scaled up to a large size at lower cost. By both methods, YBCO films with high Jc's around 2 MA/cm2 were obtained on CeO2-buffered sapphire. So far, the uniformity of Jc in the YBCO films prepared by spin coating was better than those by wire-bar coating.

BaTiO3 thin films were prepared by using metal organic acid salts on MgO(100) substrates, which have large lattice-misfit with BaTiO3. Amorphous films prefired at 470°C were crystallized to BaTiO3 phase by heat treatment at higher temperature. Crystallinity and in-plane alignment of the prepared films were found to depend on the heat-treatment conditions. BaTiO3 films with high crystallinity but poor (100)-orientation were obtained in air at higher than 1200°C. Whereas, (100)-oriented epitaxial BaTiO3 film was fabricated by annealing at 900°C under low oxygen partial pressure (p(O2)). Low carbon dioxide partial pressure (p(CO2)) is also found to be essential for preparation of epitaxial BaTiO3 films on MgO substrates by using metal organic acid salts.

Epitaxial BaTiO3 thin films were prepared on SrTiO3 (100) substrates by the dipping-pyrolysis process using metal naphthenates as starting materials. Highly oriented BaTiO3 thin films were crystallized by heat treatment at 800 °C and higher, from amorphous precursor films pyrolyzed at 470 °C. XRD pole-figure and reciprocal-space mapping analyses showed that the films were epitaxially grown on SrTiO3substrates and were pseudocubic phase with an a║/aτ ratio of 1.003, smaller than the c0/a0 ratio (=1.011) of bulk tetragonal BaTiO3.

La1−xSrxMnO3 (LSMO) (x = 0−0.3) films were prepared on SrTiO3(001) substrates by the dipping-pyrolysis process using metal naphthenates as starting materials. Epitaxially grown LSMO films were obtained by heat treatment at 800–1200 °C; the fluctuation of alignment of these films, evaluated by reciprocal-space mapping of asymmetric x-ray diffraction, was markedly small, as comparable to that of the substrates. The LSMO films with x = 0.1−0.3 showed metallic conduction behavior at 25–300 K, and the resistivity was as low as that of LSMO single crystals, e.g., 4.5 × 10−4 Ω · cm at 150 K for the film with x = 0.3.

We retrospectively assessed the outcome and pretransplantation predictors of the outcome in 118 patients aged ≥ 50 years who received fludarabine-containing reduced-intensity allo-SCT (RIST) for B-cell ALL in the first or second CR. Eighty patients received transplants from unrelated donors. Seventy-eight patients were positive for the Ph chromosome. The median follow-up period was 18 months and the 2-year OS rate was 56%. The 2-year cumulative incidence of relapse and non-relapse mortality was 28% and 26%, respectively. The incidence of grades II-IV and III-IV acute GVHD was 46% and 24%, respectively. After 2 years, the incidence of chronic GVHD was 37%. Multivariate analysis of pretransplant factors showed that a higher white blood cell count (≥ 30 × 10(9)/L) at diagnosis (hazard ratio (HR)=2.19, P=0.007) and second CR (HR=2.02, P=0.036) were significantly associated with worse OS, whereas second CR (HR=3.83, P

The effects of annealing temperature and oxygen partial pressure [p(O2)] were investigated on the crystallization and orientation of YBa2Cu3O7−y (YBCO) films on MgO(001) prepared by the dipping-pyrolysis process. The c-axis oriented films without in-plane alignment were prepared by annealing in the YBCO-unstable region, i.e., at low initial p(O2) of 10−4−10−3 atm and 950 °C followed by O2 treatment, through intermediate Y2BaCuO5 and liquid phase. In-plane aligned c- or c/a-axis films were prepared by similar heat treatment with an initial p(02) of 10−4 atm and 900–925 °C through a mixture of BaCu2O2 and YBa3Cu2O6+x. In contrast, nonoriented YBCO films were obtained by annealing at higher initial p(O2)'s and lower temperatures, i.e., by direct reaction among Y2O3, BaCO3, and CuO.

The effects of 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB, an agent which inhibits cellulose synthesis) and cycloheximide (CHI, a known inhibitor of protein synthesis) on the construction and stability of the cortical microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton in two kinds of protoplasts (smaller protoplasts and larger ones) prepared fromBoodlea coacta (Dickie) Murray et De Toni were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy. In smaller protoplasts which develop from released protoplasmic masses in culture media, parental cortical MTs assume a convoluted configuration, but new cortical MTs appear following disassembly of convoluted MTs. New cortical MTs initially have a random arrangement but later, a rough meridional arrangement following development of cell polarity and finally, a high density meridional arrangement. In larger protoplasts which are formed within cell wall cylinders of thalli cut at 500 μm length, longitudinally oriented parental cortical MTs are preserved. Each exhibits a curving configuration just after protoplast formation, but a straight configuration after 3 h of culture. In smaller protoplasts, cortical MT orientation changes from random to rough meridional orientation but never to a high density meridional orientation following treatment with 10 μM CHI, and MT density decreases after 12 h. However, rough meridional and high density meridional arrangements of MTs ceased to be formed and MT density decreased following treatment with 10 μM DCB. In larger protoplasts, high density meridional arrangements of MTs were noted not to be affected by treatment with CHI; instead, they continued to remain oriented meridionally, but the length and density were decreased after treatment with DCB for 3–4 h. After 10 h, the MTs became fragmented and orientation was random. From these findings it is summarized that: (1) There are no putative anchors in the plasma membrane of nascent smaller protoplasts, but the meridional orientation of cortical MTs requires anchors which may be distributed in the plasma membrane following the establishment of cell polarity. (2) Plasma membranes in larger protoplasts contain parental anchors oriented meridionally. Anchors stabilize cortical MTs via their close relation to cell walls (especially to cellulose). Anchors are detached from the plasma membrane when cellulose is not formed. (3) Cellulose regeneration may be indispensable to the formation and stabilization of the MT cytoskeleton inBoodlea.

Examination was made of the structure and assembly of the cortical microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton in the coenocytic green algaBoodlea coacta (Dickie) Murray et De Toni by immunofluorescence microscopy. Cortical MTs inBoodlea protoplasts are arranged randomly but some show a meridional arrangement within 6 h after protoplast formation. At 6–9 h such MTs become highly concentrated and parallel to each other in certain areas. At 12 h the concentration is uniformly high throughout the cell, indicating the completion of high density meridional arrangement of cortical MTs. Cortical MTs exhibiting a high density, meridional arrangement show characteristic disassembly by treatment with 10 μM amiprophos-methyl (APM) or cold treatment (0 °C). Disassembly occurs by each MT unit at positions skipping 30–40 μm in the transverse direction, and neighboring MTs subsequently disassemble to form MT groups. Each group becomes slender and then disappears completely within the following 24 h. The meridional arrangement of cortical MTs is disrupted by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) accompanied by a remarkable reduction in density. The remaining MTs form groups at 30–40 μm intervals from each other, as also occurs with drug or cold treatment, but disruption and density return to normal levels following removal of NEM. It appears that there are meridionally oriented channels, anchor-rich and anchor-poor, in the plasma membrane. The channels could be distributed alternately and anchors could be deposited in a cross-linking manner with cortical MTs to form a stable cortical MT-cytoskeleton. MTs comprising the cortical MT cytoskeleton could be oriented by meridionally oriented channels of anchors which are distributed following establishment of cell polarity.

Magnetic field harmonics (multi-pole component of magnetic field) were measured in a 24-layer coil for a dipole magnet wound with NbTi round wires by using the surface winding technology (direct winding technology). The coil was wound layer by layer, and the magnetic field measurements were carried out by using rotating pick-up coil system, when the 4 layers, 10 layers, 16 layers, 20 layers, and 24 layers of the coil were wound. The measured magnetic field harmonics were compared with theoretical values. The error, which is the difference between the measured value and theoretical one, does not increase substantially with increasing number of wound layers when measured at the center of the coil. Larger errors measured near the coil end should have been caused by the position errors of wires, which was observed visually.

The effects of annealing temperature and oxygen partial pressure [p(O2)] were investigated on the crystallization and orientation of superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-y (YBCO) films on SrTiO3(100) prepared by the dipping-pyrolysis process. Annealing conditions for precursor films consisting of a Y2O3—BaCO3—CuO mixture were varied in the temperature range 700–850 °C and initial p(O2) range 2 × 10-4-10-2 atm followed by pure O2 treatment. Three different types of crystallization behavior were observed. The c-axis-oriented epitaxial YBCO films were obtained on the lower p(O2) and higher temperature side in the p(O2)-T diagram. The c/a-axis-oriented growth was observed in films heat-treated at 750–800 °C under p(O2) of 10-3 atm. In addition, mixtures of YBCO and YBa2Cu4O8 resulted when the films were annealed at 700 °C.

Microfibrillar textures and orientation of cellulose microfibrils (MFs) in the coenocytic green alga,Boergesenia forbesii, were investigated by fluorescence and electron microscopy. Newly formed aplanosporic spherical cells inBoergesenia start to form cellulose MFs on their surfaces after 2 h of culture at 25°C. Microfibrillar orientation becomes random, fountain-shaped, and helicoidal after 2, 4, and 5 h, respectively. The fountain orientation of MFs is usually apparent prior to helicoidal MF orientation and thus may be considered to initiate helicoid formation. Microfibrils continue to take on the helicoidal arrangement during the growth ofBoergesenia thallus. The helicoidal orientation of MFs occurs through gradual counterclockwise change in MF deposition by terminal complexes (TCs) viewed from inside the cell. On the dorsal side of curving TC impressions in helicoidal texture formation on a freeze-fractured plasma membrane, the aggregation of intramembranous particles (IMPs) occurs. Membrane flow may thus possibly affect the regulation of helicoidal orientation inBoergesenia. Following treatment with 3 μM amiprophos-methyl (APM) or 1 mM colchicine, cortical microtubules (MTs) completely disappear within 24 h but helicoidal textures formation is not affected. With 15 μM cytochalasin B or 30 μM phalloidin, however, the helicoidal orientation of MFs becomes random. Treatment with CaCl2 (10 mM) causes the helicoidal MF orientation of cells to become random, but co-treatment with N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulfonamide (W-7) (100 mM) prevents this effect, though W-7 has no effect on the helicoidal MF formation. It thus follows that MF orientation inBoergesenia possibly involves actin whose action may be regulated by calmodulin.

The stability and ordered assembly of cytoskeletal microtubules (MTs) and the relationship between cell growth and MT cytoskeleton in the coenocytic green alga, Chaetomorpha moniligera Kjellman were examined. The cytoplasm of cylindrical growing cells of Chaetomorpha is covered with dense arrays of longitudinally arranged cortical MTs which constitute the MT cytoskeleton. Seventy-five percent of MTs of the cytoskeleton disappeared within 4 h, with 25% remaining after 20 h following cold treatment. On terminating MT assembly with amiprophos-methyl (APM), the number of MTs decreased by 75% within 4 h. The remaining MTs disappeared gradually within 24 h. The MT cytoskeleton of Chaetomorpha would thus appear to be composed of at least two kinds of MTs differing in stability. The MT cytoskeleton returned to normal after treatment with APM for less than 48 h. However, this did not occur after treatment with APM for more than 48 h, and the MT arrays became random. Cell elongation ceased completely within 24 h after treatment with APM for less than 48 h but was restored within 24 h after removing APM. The restoration of cell elongation was no longer evident after removaI of APM for more than 48 h. The results indicate that assembly of MTs into ordered arrays depends on cell polarity and that in turn cell elongation is dependent on the polar-dependent arrays of MTs.

Double-sided epitaxial YbBa 2 Cu 4 O 8 (Yb124) films were grown on 20 × 20 mm 2 LaAlO 3 (0 0 1) substrates by coating-pyrolysis process. The Yb124 film, prepared through an annealing path with a heating rate of 10–20°C/min up to 780°C, exhibited very strong XRD intensities corresponding to the c -axis orientation. Inductive superconducting transitions were recognized at 77.4 and 77.6 K for both sides.

Superconducting Ba 2 YCu 3 O 7− y (BYCO)-Ag composite films with [110] orientation were prepared on SrTiO 3 (110) substrates by the dipping-pyrolysis process. The molar ratio of (Ag/BYCO) was 0.2. Heat treatment was carried out at 720–770°C under a low-oxygen partial pressure (=2×10 -4 atm.) followed by O 2 annealing. The product films were found to consist of [110] oriented grains grown epitaxially on the (110) plane of the SrTiO 3 substrate and those rotated by 90° from the direction of the former grains, by pole figure measurement and SEM observation. The film heat-treated at 770°C showed T c,zero of 88 K.

Superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−y (YBCO) films having a thickness of 1 μm were prepared on SrTiO3(100) and MgO(100) by the dipping-pyrolysis process using a low-p(O2) annealing method. Heat-treatment conditions were varied along the upper limit of the stability region of the YBCO phase. Films on SrTiO3(100) exhibited strong c-axis orientation with sharp rocking curves (FWHM = 0.8°). The highest Tc,zero of 87 K was obtained for the film heat-treated at 750 °C. On the other hand, films on MgO(100) showed broader rocking curves and their Tc's remained lower. Moreover, Ag addition was found to enhance the Tc values (Tc,zero = 91 K) of films on SrTiO3 heat-treated at 750 °C.

Ultrastructure and assembly of cellulose terminal synthesizing complexes (terminal complexes, TCs) in the algaVaucheria hamata (Waltz) were investigated by high resolution analytical techniques for freeze-fracture replication.Vaucheria TCs consist of many diagonal rows of subunits located on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. Each row contains about 10–18 subunits. The subunits themselves are rectangular, approx. 7×3.5 nm, and each has a single elliptical hole which may be the site of a single glucan chain polymerization. The subunits are connected with extremely small filaments (0.3–0.5 nm). Connections are more extensive in a direction parallel to the subunit rows and less extensive perpendicular to them. Nascent TC subunits are found to be packed within globules (15–20 nm in diameter) which are larger than typical intramembranous particles (IMPS are 10–11 nm in diameter) distributed in the plasma membrane. The subunits in the globule, which may be a zymogenic precursor of the TC, are generally exhibited in the form of doublets. Approximately 6 doublets are connected to a center core with small filaments. The globules are inserted into the plasma membrane together with IMPS by the fusion of cytoplasmic (Golgi derived) vesicles. Two or three globules attach to each other, unfold, and expand to form the first subunit rows of the TC on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. More globules attach to the structure and unfold until the nascent TC consists of a few rows of subunits. These rows are arranged almost parallel to each other. Two formation centers of subunits appear at both ends of an elongating TC. New subunits carried by the globules are added at each of these centers to create new rows until the elongating TC structure is completed. On the basis of this study, a model of TC assembly and early initiation of microfibril formation inVaucheria is proposed.

The effects of 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB, a known inhibitor of cellulose synthesis) and Tinopal LPW (TPL, an agent which disrupts glucan crystallization) on the structure of cellulose synthesizing complexes (terminal complexes, TCs) in the xanthophycean algaVaucheria hamata were investigated. DCB (10 μM) inhibits nascent fibril formation from the TC subunit (based on the absence of impressions) although it does not alter the overall shape of the rectangular TC during the short treatment of 20 min. With a prolonged treatment (60 min), the arrangement of TC subunits becomes disordered, and particles generally exhibited as doublets of subunits are released from each other. DCB also interferes with the formation of the overall shape of the TC although it does not disturb the conversion into TC rows of the subunits (the zymogenic precursor of the TC) packed in the globules. A 15 min treatment with TPL (1 mM) destroys the TC integrity by reducing the subunits into small fragments or particulate aggregates. The particulate rows of the TC are interrupted at many points, and fragments and particulate aggregates are dispersed by prolonged treatment (45 min) with TPL. Unlike DCB, TPL inhibits the conversion of globule subunits into TC rows. New insights on the structural characteristics necessary for cellulose microfibril assembly and possible mechanisms for the biogenesis of theVaucheria TC come from these data.

The relic abundance of the lightest neutralino is calculated in the scheme of grand unified theories (GUT's) coupled to {ital N}=1 supergravity. We take {ital m}{sub 3/2}, {ital M}{sub {ital g}{ital X}}, and {ital m}{sub {ital s}{ital X}} as free parameters, where {ital m}{sub 3/2} is the gravitino mass, {ital M}{sub {ital g}{ital X}} the universal gaugino mass at the GUT scale, and {ital m}{sub {ital s}{ital X}} the supersymmetric Higgs-boson mass at that scale. Even after we impose the experimental and cosmological constraints, it is found that there remains some supersymmetric parameter region and the lightest neutralino with a mass below about 500 GeV can be the dark matter of the Universe. In particular, the abundance of the neutralino can amount to the critical density of the Universe and is consistent with the inflationary universe scenario which naturally solves the gravitino problem'' in supergravity theories.

Superconducting YBa2Cu4O8 (1-2-4) films were prepared by the dipping-pyrolysis process, and effects of heat-treatment conditions and partial-substitution of Y for Ca on the product films were investigated by XRD, SEM and resistance measurement. Films of the 1-2-4 phase with Tc, zero=70K and 55K were prepared by direct heat-treatment of (Y2O3-BaCO3-CuO) precursor films (Y:Ba:Cu=1:2:4 in molar ratio) in O2 at 780°C for 24-72h followed by slow-cooling and quenching, respectively. Both the films showed metallic behavior above the transition temperatures, indicating the formation of the 1-2-4 phase. On the other hand, once a mixture of YBa2Cu3O7 (1-2-3) and CuO was formed by the heat-treatment at 820°C, p(O2)=10-3atm; or at 700°C, p(O2)=10-2-10-4atm, conversion into the 1-2-4 phase was very difficult after the subsequent heat treatment within the stability region (780°C, p(O2)=1atm) of the 1-2-4 phase. The Y1-xCax Ba2Cu4O8 (x=0.05 and 0.1) films exhibited higher Tc, onset values, however, the film of x=0.1 was found to contain only small fraction of the 1-2-4 phase. Moreover, when the Ca-containing precursor films were fired in an atmosphere with p(O2) of 10-3-10-4atm at 700°C, the product films gave an XRD pattern of (1-2-3)+(1-2-4) mixture.

Superconducting Ba2YCu3O7-δ (BYCO) films were prepared on the yttria-stabilized zirconia substrates by the dipping-pyrolysis process using metal laurates as starting materials. Propionic acid and pyridine were selected as solvents based on the screening test on solubility of each of Ba-, Y- and Cu-laurates in 26 organic liquids with various functional groups. A homogeneous solution of mixed laurates (Ba:Y:Cu=2:1:3) was prepared by using a mixture of propionic acid and pyridine. This solution was spin-coated on the YSZ substrates and preheated at 500°C in air to make (BaCO3-Y2O3-CuO) precursor films. After this procedure was repeated 15 times, the precursor films were heat-treated at 925°-970°C in O2 to give 2μm thick BYCO films, which showed superconduction at Tc, zero of 69-84K. Observation with a scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction analysis showed dense textures of orthorhombic BYCO grains.

The reaction between films and substrates was investigated by ICP-AES, SEM and XRD analyses, during the preparation of Ba2YCu3O7-δ(BYCO) superconductor films from the precursor (BaCO3-Y2O3-CuO) films coated on the yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates by the dipping-pyrolysis process. The reaction of the films with the YSZ substrates resulted in the formation of BaZrO3 inside the substrates. Their reactivity increased (1) as the atmosphere was changed as: Ar

Epitaxially grown LiNbO3 thin films were prepared on sapphire(012) (R-plane) substrates by a dipping-pyrolysis process using two kinds of lithium sources, i.e., Li-2-ethylhexanoate and Li-trifluoroacetate, which are pyrolyzed in air to Li2CO3 and LiF, respectively. Crystallization temperature and alignment of LiNbO3 films on sapphire(012) were found to depend greatly on the Li sources. Dominantly [100]-oriented epitaxial LiNbO3 films were crystallized at around 600 °C using 2-ethylhexanoate, whereas dominantly [012]-oriented epitaxial LiNbO3 films resulted at a temperature as low as 400 °C using trifluoroacetate.

Transmission characteristics of a directional coupler with a magnetic/dielectric thin film hybrid structure was analyzed on the basis of 3D electromagnetic field analysis. The device consisted of an inner dielectric/magnetic/dielectric sandwich structure, the top coupled signal lines, coupling capacitance composed of top rectangular electrode, and bottom ground plane. Both electric field coupling and magnetic field coupling between top signal lines were controllable by changing electrode size of coupling capacitance and spacing between top signal lines, respectively. From the numerical calculation of the signal transmission characteristics, an insertion loss was less than 0.6 dB, and signal directivity was more than 15 dB in the frequency range of 0.8-2 GHz used in the cellular phones.

In this paper, the authors have reported a new directional coupler for the cellular phones with an operating frequency of 0.8-2 GHz, which consisted of a coupled microstrip structure with an amorphous CoFeB magnetic thin film and a polyimide dielectric film.

Summary form only given. A bi-directional transmitter/receiver optical module is a basic component. Hybrid integration of optical elements on silica waveguide and alignment-free assembly are effective for cost reduction. In this paper, alignment-free assembly of optical elements laser diode (LD)-fiber coupling unit and output port fiber is attempted using fiber guide blocks fabricated at the end of a silica waveguide.

The electrical properties of epitaxial La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 films on a SrTiO3(STO) substrate prepared by changing the laser fluence, the irradiation time and the film thickness using excimer laser metal organic deposition(ELMOD) at 500/cm2, the film showed a 3.9 % maximum temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR: defined as 1/R•dR/dT) which was obtained by the ArF laser irradiation at 80mJ/cm2 for 10min. At a constant fluence of 80mJ/cm2, the Tm (temperature of the maximum TCR) of the La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 films increased from 225K to near 250K with an increase in the irradiation time to 90min at which the TCR was almost 3.9%. The La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 film that showed the maximum TCR of 4.0% at 275K was obtained by the ELMOD process at 500°C using the optimum conditions (Flence:80mJ/cm2, Irradiation time: 90min, Film thickness: 80nm).

CMV disease remains a major infectious complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). To investigate the relationship between CMV antigenemia, treatment with ganciclovir (GCV), and outcome, we retrospectively analyzed 241 consecutive patients at risk for CMV infection who underwent allogeneic HSCT. Antigenemia-guided pre-emptive strategy with GCV was used for all patients. CMV antigenemia developed in 169 patients (70.1%), and CMV disease in 18 patients (7.5%). Multivariate analysis showed that acute GVHD (grades II-IV) was the only risk factor for developing antigenemia, and acute GVHD and advanced age for CMV disease. GCV use, as well as acute GVHD and advanced age, significantly increased the risk for bacterial and fungal infection after engraftment. Those who developed CMV antigenemia had a poorer outcome than those who did not (log-rank, P=0.0269), although the development of CMV disease worsened the outcome with only borderline significance (log-rank, P=0.0526). In conclusion, detection of antigenemia proved to be a poor prognostic factor for HSCT patients, which may be attributed to a combination of factors, including CMV disease itself, the effect of treatment, and a host status that allows for reactivation of CMV. Optimal pre-emptive strategy needs to be determined.

A multiplexed signal in code division, as well as in frequency division, shows a linear increase of its peak to average power ratio (PAPR) as the number of multiplexed signal increases. When such a high PAPR signal is applied to a power amplifier, out-of-band radiation increases or power efficiency drops. In order to solve these problems, there is a predistorter, which compensates the amplifier's nonlinearity. This method requires the signal that does not exceed the compensation level. We investigate by computer simulation the effect of the peak limiting of a CDM signal at base band when applied to an adaptive predistorted power amplifier. The peak limitation for an adaptive predistorter keeps out-of-band radiation below 80 dB for increased average power levels. Simultaneously, high power efficiency is obtained.

To prepare the In/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and ITO films without heat treatment, we have studied the metal acetylacetonate coating photolysis process using an ArF excimer laser. In this paper, we will report the experimental procedures and our results.

A basestation power amplifier requires high linearity and stable operation for common amplication of a multiplexed wideband signal. Nonlinearity compensation techniques with feedforward or a predistorter are useful for this purpose. This paper presents a predistortion amplifier with automatic control at RF band for application at a basestation. In this method, the predistorter distorts an RF input signal by referring to a look-up table (LUT) corresponding to the input power. Out-of-band radiation power are directly monitored at the IF band to determine the LUT. A DSP with an iterative algorithm updates the content of the LUT to minimize the out-of-band radiation power. A computer simulation experiment is carried out. Out-of-band spectral density is suppressed below -80 dB. This predistorter can cope with imperfect characteristics of the device used in the predistorter.