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This paper reviews indigenous Beninese food resources as potential ingredients for complementary infant foods with the aim to develop affordable formulations for low-income households in each agro-ecological zone of the country. Potential ingredients were selected on their documented nutritional value. The selected foods encompass 347 food resources, namely 297 plant products from home gardens or collected from natural vegetation and 50 animals, either domesticated or from the wild. The compiled data reveal that the distribution of the available food resources was unbalanced between agro-ecological zones. Only a few animal ingredients are obtainable in northern Benin. Most resources are seasonal, but their availability may be extended. A high variation was observed in energy and nutrient contents. Antinutritional factors were identified in some resources, but processing techniques were reported to reduce their presence in meals. In general, ingredients from local tree foods (Adansonia digitata, Parkia biglobosa) were adequate as sources of nutrients for complementary infant foods. Based on this review, local foods for the development of complementary food formulas for Beninese infants and children may be selected for each agro-ecological zone. The approach used is exemplary for other sub-Saharan African countries in need of complementary infant foods. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.; © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

In October 2001 the first produced CMS Barrel Drift Tube (DT) Muon Chamber was tested at the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF) using a muon beam. A Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) was attached to the top of the DT chamber, and, for the first time, both detectors were operated coupled together. The performance of the DT chamber was studied for several operating conditions, and for gamma rates similar to the ones expected at LHC. In this paper we present the data analysis; the results are considered fully satisfactory.

In order to effectively teach evolution to all students, even those resistant to learning evolution, science teachers may question the extent to which religion can legally be discussed in the public high school science classroom. Evolution is taught from a variety of approaches, each of which has legal implications. Four approaches to teaching socioscientific issues like evolution are provided, along with the legal implications of enacting each approach.

In the US, there may be few scientific concepts that students maintain preconceived ideas about as strongly and passionately as they do with regard to evolution. At the confluence of a multitude of social, religious, political, and scientific factors lies the biology teacher. This phenomenological study provides insight into the salient aspects of teaching evolution as viewed by public high school biology teachers. Transcribed interviews were coded, and data were sorted resulting in key themes regarding teachers’ views of evolution education. These themes are presented against the backdrop of extant literature on the teaching and learning of evolution. Suggestions for science teacher educators are presented such that we can modify teacher preparation programs to better prepare science teachers to meet the challenges of teaching evolution.

Das Bewusstsein fur die Relevanz des Parameters „Migrationshintergrund“ in Bezug auf Gesundheit ist in den letzten Jahren in Deutschland stark gestiegen. Deskriptive Analysen zeigen, dass Migrantenkinder im Vergleich zu Kindern deutscher Herkunft haufiger Auffalligkeiten im Entwicklungsscreening aufweisen. Ziel der vorliegenden Analysen ist es, den Einfluss des Migrationshintergrundes auf die kindliche Entwicklung im Kontext weiterer Einflussgrosen zu untersuchen. Grundlage der Analysen sind die Daten der Einschulungsuntersuchung des Landes Berlin von 2010 und 2011 (N=54 818). Aufgrund der Multikollinearitat des Migrationshintergrundes und der Deutschkenntnisse von Kind und Eltern werden diese Variablen zu einem Merkmal kombiniert. Mittels binar logistischer Regression wird der Einfluss dieses Merkmals unter Kontrolle weiterer soziodemografischer Merkmale und relevanter Einflussgrosen auf die Zugehorigkeit zur Gruppe von Kindern mit 2 und mehr auffalligen Entwicklungsbereichen gepruft. Der starkste Einflussfaktor ist ein niedriger Sozialstatus (OR 5,8). Der Migrationshintergrund ist nur in Verbindung mit unzureichenden Deutschkenntnissen von Kind oder Elternteil (OR 1,6) bzw. mit unzureichenden Deutschkenntnissen von Kind und Elternteil (OR 5,3) ein signifikanter Einflussfaktor. Ein weiterer starker Einflussfaktor ist ein Geburtsgewicht Die Analysen zeigen, dass der Migrationshintergrund per se kein Risikofaktor fur Entwicklungsstorungen ist, sondern auf einen hoheren Anteil sozial Benachteiligter sowie unzureichende Deutschkenntnisse bei den Familien mit einem Migrationshintergrund zuruck zu fuhren sind. Dies unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit der besonderen Forderung von sozial benachteiligten Kindern sowie die Bedeutung der Forderung der deutschen Sprachkenntnisse von Kindern und Eltern.

Background: Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a heterogeneous entity with multiple aetiologies, all linked to underlying vascular disease. Among these, VCI related to subcortical small vessel disease (SSVD) is emerging as a major homogeneous subtype. Its progressive course raises the need for biomarker identification and/or development for adequate therapeutic interventions to be tested. In order to shed light in the current status on biochemical markers for VCI-SSVD, experts in field reviewed the recent evidence and literature data. Method: The group conducted a comprehensive search on Medline, PubMed and Embase databases for studies published until 15.01.2017. The proposal on current status of biochemical markers in VCI-SSVD was reviewed by all co-authors and the draft was repeatedly circulated and discussed before it was finalized. Results: This review identifies a large number of biochemical markers derived from CSF and blood. There is a considerable overlap of VCI-SSVD clinical symptoms with those of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although most of the published studies are small and their findings remain to be replicated in larger cohorts, several biomarkers have shown promise in separating VCI-SSVD from AD. These promising biomarkers are closely linked to underlying SSVD pathophysiology, namely disruption of blood-CSF and blood-brain barriers (BCB-BBB) and breakdown of white matter myelinated fibres and extracellular matrix, as well as blood and brain inflammation. The leading biomarker candidates are: elevated CSF/blood albumin ratio, which reflects BCB/BBB disruption; altered CSF matrix metalloproteinases, reflecting extracellular matrix breakdown; CSF neurofilment as a marker of axonal damage, and possibly blood inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules. The suggested SSVD biomarker deviations contrasts the characteristic CSF profile in AD, i.e. depletion of amyloid beta peptide and increased phosphorylated and total tau. Conclusions: Combining SSVD and AD biomarkers may provide a powerful tool to identify with greater precision appropriate patients for clinical trials of more homogeneous dementia populations. Thereby, biomarkers might promote therapeutic progress not only in VCI-SSVD, but also in AD. © 2017 The Author(s).

[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Evolution, due to its importance in science, holds a prominent place in national science standards and many state standards. Scientists nearly universally agree that the theory of evolution best explains the unity and diversity of life. Accordingly, numerous science, science education, and religious organizations support the teaching of evolution (Sager 2008). Nonetheless, evolution remains controversial (Hermann 2008) with a third of American adults stating that the theory is false (Miller, Scott, and Okamoto 2006). Given this controversy, teachers should know about the legal implications of teaching evolution in public schools. In Lemon v. Kurtzman (403 U.S. 602 [1971]), the U.S. Supreme Court developed a test to determine whether a state action, such as the Tennessee law against teaching evolution that was the basis of the famous Scopes "monkey" trial of 1925, violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the Constitution. This clause prohibits the government from passing legislation that establishes an official religion or prefers one religion over another. The so-called "Lemon test" states: (1) the act must have a bonafide secular purpose, (2) the act's principal or primary effect must be one that neither advances nor inhibits religion, and (3) the act must not result in an excessive entanglement of government with religion (Lofaso 2009). Below are four approaches to teaching evolution along with legal implications of using them in public school classrooms. Teachers are encouraged to engage all students in learning evolution--even those most reluctant to do so--while using best teaching practices consistent with current science and legally protecting oneself and school system. Approaches to teaching evolution Reiss (1992) reported on three possible instructional approaches, modified from Bridges (1986), for addressing controversial issues in science classrooms: advocacy, affirmative neutrality, and procedural neutrality. Hermann (2008) extended this framework to include avoidance. Avoidance Teachers avoid teaching evolution for many reasons, including: * they do not believe evolutionary theory and do not want to teach it, * they may want to avoid controversial issues to minimize discipline problems (Nicholls and Nelson 1992) and parental pressure, or * they lack training in teaching controversial issues (Levinson 2002). Teachers may omit instruction altogether or avoid using the term evolution in favor of the phrase change over time to introduce some general tenets such as adaptation and natural selection. Students may not even notice that evolution was omitted from the class. Teachers may not violate any laws if they avoid teaching evolution without the perception that they did so for religious reasons. However, teachers who omit evolution are not adhering to national standards and, in most cases, state standards. These teachers may be challenged for not adequately addressing the standards and can be required to do so by their school district (Peloza v. Capistrano Unified School District, 37 F 3d 517 [9th Cir. 1994]). Advocacy Advocating for evolution Public school science teachers advocate for evolution by teaching the science of evolution and not addressing related religious or political issues. Teachers advocating for evolution may explicitly or implicitly state that alternative explanations to evolution are unscientific or otherwise inferior. Some teachers advocate for evolution simply by teaching evolution without acknowledging that some students may hold beliefs they perceive to conflict with evolution. Advocates for evolution can defend science to the point that they alienate students by making them feel their own reasoning is inferior. However, students perceiving a conflict with their beliefs are often not vocal and internalize the conflict, which can result in disdain or complete withdrawal (Scharmann 1994). …

We present and discuss a stochastic model describing the wear process of cylinder liners in a marine diesel engine. The model is based on a stochastic differential equation, and Bayesian inference is illustrated. Corrosive action and measurement error, both quite negligible, are modeled with a Wiener process whereas a jump process is used to describe the contribution of soot particles to the wear process. The model can be used to forecast the wear process and, consequently, plan condition-based maintenance activities. In the paper, we provide a critical illustration of the mathematical and computational aspects of the model. We propose a strategy that, implemented for simulated and real data, allows for stable parameter estimation and forecasts.

In the vertebrate retina, horizontal cells (HCs) reveal homologous coupling by gap junctions (gj), which are thought to consist of different connexins (Cx). However, recent studies in mouse, rabbit and zebrafish retina indicate that individual HCs express more than one connexin. To provide further insights into the composition of gj connecting HCs and to determine whether HCs express multiple connexins, we examined the molecular identity and distribution of gj between HCs of the carp retina. We have cloned four carp connexins designated Cx49.5, Cx55.5, Cx52.6 and Cx53.8 with a close relationship to connexins previously reported in HCs of mouse, rabbit and zebrafish, respectively. Using in situ hybridization, Cx49.5 expression was detected in different subpopulations of retinal neurons including HCs, whereas the Cx52.6 transcript was localized exclusively in HCs. Using specific antibodies, Cx55.5 and Cx53.8 were detected on dendrites of all four HC subtypes and axon terminals. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed the presence of Cx55.5 and Cx53.8 in gap junctions between these processes and Cx55.5 was additionally observed in HC dendrites invaginating cone pedicles, suggesting its participation in the modulation of photoreceptor output in the carp retina. Furthermore, using single-cell RT-PCR, all four connexins were detected in different subtypes of HCs, suggesting overlapping expression patterns. Thus, the composition of gj mediating homologous coupling between subtypes of carp HCs appears to be more complex than expected. Moreover, BLAST searches of the preliminary carp genome, using novel sequences as query, suggest that most of the analyzed connexin genes are duplicated in carp.

Background: It has been shown that peri-implant crestal bone reactions are influenced by both a rough–smooth implant border in one-piece, non-submerged, as well as an interface (microgap [MG] between implant/abutment) in two-piece butt-joint, submerged and non-submerged implants being placed at different levels in relation to the crest of the bone. According to standard surgical procedures, the rough–smooth implant border for implants with a smooth collar should be aligned with the crest of the bone exhibiting a smooth collar adjacent to peri-implant soft tissues. No data, however, are available for implants exhibiting a sandblasted, large-grit and acid-etched (SLA) surface all the way to the top of a non-submerged implant. Thus, the purpose of this study is to histometrically examine crestal bone changes around machined versus SLA-surfaced implant collars in a side-by-side comparison. Methods: A total of 60 titanium implants (30 machined collars and 30 SLA collars) were randomly placed in edentulous mandibular areas of five foxhounds forming six different subgroups (implant subgroups A to F). The implants in subgroups A to C had a machined collar (control), whereas the implants in subgroups D to F were SLA-treated all the way to the top (MG level; test). Furthermore, the MGs of the implants were placed at different levels in relation to the crest of the bone: the implants in subgroups A and E were 2 mm above the crest, in subgroups C and D 1 mm above, in subgroup B 3 mm above, and in subgroup F at the bone crest level. For all implants, abutment healing screws were connected the day of surgery. These caps were loosened and immediately retightened monthly. At 6 months, animals were sacrificed and non-decalcified histology was analyzed by evaluating peri-implant crestal bone levels. Results: For implants in subgroup A, the estimated mean crestal bone loss (– SD) was -0.52 – 0.40 mm; in subgroup B, +0.16 – 0.40 mm (bone gain); in subgroup C, -1.28 – 0.21 mm; in subgroup D, -0.43 – 0.43 mm; in subgroup E, -0.03 – 0.48 mm; and in subgroup F, -1.11 – 0.27 mm. Mean bone loss for subgroup A was significantly greater than for subgroup E (P = 0.034) and bone loss for subgroup C was significantly greater than for subgroup D (P

Understanding of particle strain and drop breakage is relevant for various technical applications. To analyze it, single drop experiments in a breakage cell and evolving drop size distributions in an agitated system are studied. The mechanisms for particle strain and drop breakage are assumed to be comparable for the investigated turbulent flow regime. The agitation process is simulated using a population balance model. This model provides transient prediction capacities at different scales and can be used for scale-up/down projects. The number and the size distributions of daughter fragments for single drops have been studied. The results clearly support the assumption of binary breakage. The most common assumption of a Gaussian distribution for the daughter drop size distribution could not be supported. The evolution of a breakage-dominated toluene/water system was then simulated using different daughter drop size distributions from literature. The computational results were compared with experimental values. All simulations were able to predict the transient Sauter mean diameter excellently but varied strongly in the results on the shape of the distribution. In agreement with the experimental single drop results, the use of a bimodal or a very broad bell-shaped distribution of the daughter drops is proposed for the simulations. Although these results were obtained in a particular vessel for a specific phase system, it can be applied to simulate transient multiphase systems at different scales. We would expect that the general trends observed in this study are comparable to various applications in multiphase bioreactors.

Un equipo universitario multidisciplinario ha desarrollado una innovación integral en cuatro establecimientos educacionales secundarios, a partir del diseño, instalación y consolidación de procesos autosustentables en la gestión directiva, pedagógica y de convivencia e inclusión, con el propósito de promover un mejoramiento significativo en la calidad de los aprendizajes de los estudiantes de sectores sociales de alta vulnerabilidad. Este programa de asesoría se ha llevado a cabo a través de la implementación de un plan de acción que consideró principalmente a los directivos, los docentes y los estudiantes. Se plantearon reuniones periódicas con los equipos directivos, entrevistas y capacitación docente en metodologías participativas, prácticas evaluativas y utilización de tecnologías de información y comunicación. Además, se trabajó directamente con los estudiantes por medio de talleres, charlas y entrevistas. Dentro de los resultados de esta asesoría se destacan: la apropiación de un plan de gestión por parte de los directivos, el mejoramiento de las prácticas docentes y una mayor disposición hacia los aprendizajes por parte de los estudiantes que participaron en los programas orientados hacia ellos, además de una mejor convivencia entre los estudiantes y entre éstos y los docentes

In this paper, we present a structurally controlled, deep-seated, gravitational slope deformation, located in the Fusch Valley, Eastern Alps, Austria, which is potentially endangering infrastructure. In the framework of a landslide risk analysis, a danger characterisation of this slope is presented. The characterisation is based on strong geomorphological, geological, and hydrological evidence, on which both a kinematical and a stability model of that slope could be developed. Unlike the majority of case studies where type and position of basal slip surfaces remain unknown, the present models seem capable of delivering characterisations on the classification of the potential slope instability, its spatial extents, and likely physical reasons for its pre and post failure behaviour with high consistency and likelihood.

The antihypertensive effect of verapamil (Isoptin) 120 mg X 3 for four weeks was compared with that of placebo in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over investigation. Twenty patients with newly discovered, not previously treated, mild to moderate essential hypertension were included in the study. Verapamil significantly reduced the diastolic and systolic blood pressure in the supine and standing positions, as well as the heart rate. One patient discontinued the treatment because of rash. Otherwise, only constipation was registered as a side effect of Isoptin. No orthostatic reactions were observed and the PQ-interval was unchanged. Compliance was excellent.

This work describes the evaluation of a wearable plastic optical fiber (POF) sensor for monitoring seated spinal posture, as compared to a conventional expert visual analysis, and the development of a field-deployable posture monitoring system. A garment-integrated POF sensor was developed and tested on nine healthy subjects. Data from the wearable sensor were compared to data taken simultaneously from a marker-based motion capture system, for accuracy and reliability. Peak analysis of the resulting data showed a mean time error of 0.53 plusmn 0.8 s, and a mean value error of 0.64 plusmn 3.1 deg, which represents 14.5% of the average range of motion. Expert determination of transitional (good to bad) posture showed a variation of 20.9% of range of motion. These results indicate that the wearable sensor approximates the accuracy of expert visual analysis, and provides sufficient accuracy of measurement to reliably monitor seated spinal posture.

In 1990 the European Union (EU) introduced a directive to protect workers against the risks involved in handling heavy loads. This paper reports on a benchmarking exercise to (a) investigate the implementation of the EU Directive on Manual Handling in the healthcare and social care industries and (b) gather expert opinions on the residual problems for patient handling in nine countries in the EU. Baseline data were collected about healthcare and social care systems, funding, implementation of the EU Manual Handling Directive and official patient handling guidance from government and professional organisations. It was found that the directive was implemented between 1992 and 1996 but relatively little research has been carried out to evaluate its impact in the healthcare industry. Only three countries had official national guidance on patient handling and there was little supporting research evidence for many of the recommendations. Expert opinions were provided to identify residual patient handling issues and barriers to safer patient handling in each country. These data have provided participating countries with an opportunity to both identify gaps, and work with other EU countries to address common problems. Relevance to industry A review of the implementation of the Manual Handling EU Directive for patient handling supports the healthcare industry in calling for a higher priority to be placed on addressing the risks of musculoskeletal problems in nursing staff.

The Depleted Field Effect Transistor (DEPFET) detector–amplifier structure forms the basis of a variety of detectors being developed at the MPI semiconductor laboratory. These detectors are foreseen to be used in astronomy and particle physics as well as other fields of science. The detector developments are described together with some intended applications. They comprise the X-ray astronomy missions XEUS and SIMBOL-X as well as the vertex detector of the planned International Linear Collider (ILC). All detectors are produced in the MPI semiconductor laboratory that has a complete silicon technology available.

Although evolution has long been considered a controversial issue, little effort has been made to ensure that instructional approaches address the controversial nature of the issue. A framework for understanding the nature of controversy and some defining characteristics of controversial issues are provided. In light of this framework evolution is evaluated to address the defining characteristics of the issue that make it controversial. The purpose of this exploratory review of evolution instruction is to identify a range of instructional approaches reported in extant literature and to determine the extent to which each approach is commensurate with teaching evolution as a controversial issue.

If we abandon the mirror symmetry present in the ordinary nematics, a new world opens up for applications, for photonics as well as for displays. The basic new phenomenon that now appears is scattering. In practice, we enter this domain by using cholesterics, which is the chiral form of nematics. The nematogenic molecules might themselves be chiral, but we could also, in principle, obtain the cholesteric by adding chiral dopants to the material. If we add dichroic dyes or polymerizable materials to the liquid crystal, we can create highly interesting devices based on either absorption or scattering or both. Cholesteric and nematic devices based on scattering and dichroic effects will be discussed in this entry.

This study used path analysis to test predictive models of depressive symptoms and loneliness in college students. A model of depression, which included the variables of instrumentality, social self–efficacy, expressiveness, and self–esteem, accounted for 41% of the variance in depressive symptoms. Instrumentality was strongly related to social self–efficacy, which in turn was related to both global self–esteem and expressiveness. In a model that included loneliness as well as depression, self–esteem was significantly related to both dependent variables. Social self–efficacy was directly related to loneliness and was indirectly related to depression though the mediating variable of self-esteem. This model accounted for 56% of the variance in loneliness and 41% of the variance in depressive symptoms. Implications for understanding and treatment are discussed.

An implant-abutment interface at the alveolar bone crest is associated with sustained peri-implant inflammation; however, whether magnitude of inflammation is proportionally dependent upon interface position remains unknown. This study compared the distribution and density of inflammatory cells surrounding implants with a supracrestal, crestal, or subcrestal implant-abutment interface. All implants developed a similar pattern of peri-implant inflammation: neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) maximally accumulated at or immediately coronal to the interface. However, peri-implant neutrophil accrual increased progressively as the implant-abutment interface depth increased, i.e., subcrestal interfaces promoted a significantly greater maximum density of neutrophils than did supracrestal interfaces (10,512 ± 691 vs. 2398 ± 1077 neutrophils/mm2). Moreover, inflammatory cell accumulation below the original bone crest was significantly correlated with bone loss. Thus, the implant-abutment interface dictates the intensity and location of peri-implant inflammatory cell accumulation, a potential contributing component in the extent of implant-associated alveolar bone loss.

Experimental studies demonstrated that peri-implant crestal hard and soft tissues are significantly influenced in their apico-coronal position by the rough/smooth implant border as well as the microgap/ interface between implant and abutment/restoration. The aim of this study was to evaluate radiographically the crestal bone level changes around two types of implants, one with a 2.8 mm smooth machined coronal length and the other with 1.8 mm collar.In 68 patients, a total of 201 non-submerged titanium implants (101 with a 1.8 mm, 100 with a 2.8 mm long smooth coronal collar) were placed with their rough/smooth implant border at the bone crest level. From the day of surgery up until 3 years after implant placement crestal bone levels were analyzed digitally using standardized radiographs.Bone remodeling was most pronounced during the unloaded, initial healing phase and did not significantly differ between the two types of implants over the entire observation period (P0.20). Crestal bone loss for implants placed in patients with poor oral hygiene was significantly higher than in patients with adequate or good plaque control (P0.005). Furthermore, a tendency for additional crestal bone loss was detected in the group of patients who had been diagnosed with aggressive periodontitis prior to implant placement (P = 0.058). In both types of implants, sand-blasted, large grit, acid-etched (SLA) surfaced implants tended to have slightly less crestal bone loss compared to titanium plasma-sprayed (TPS) surfaced implants, but the difference was not significant (P0.30).The implant design with the shorter smooth coronal collar had no additional bone loss and may help to reduce the risk of an exposed metal implant margin in areas of esthetic concern.

Summary Aim: The clinical value of positron emission tomography using fluorine-18 fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG-PET) in the staging of adult lymphoma has been shown in many studies. However, there are only few data regarding childhood lymphoma. The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the staging of childhood lymphoma using FDG-PET and the established computed tomography (CT). Method: Whole-body FDG-PET was performed in 25 children with histologically proven Hodgkin ´s disease (n = 18) and non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma (n = 7) using a dedicated PET. The findings were compared with the CT results. Both examinations, FDG-PET and CT, were assessed by two experienced physicians. In each patient, 30 regions were analysed (22 nodal, 8 extranodal). Each region was assessed using a fivevalue scale (definitely/probably positive, equivocal, probably/definitely negative). Results: 662 regions (470 nodal, 192 extranodal) were compared. 91 regions (81 nodal, 10 extranodal; 14%) were concordant positive and 517 regions (347 nodal, 170 extranodal; 78%) were concordant negative. In 47 regions, 48 discordant findings (7%) were described: 27 findings (22 nodal, 5 extranodal) were positive using FDG-PET and negative using CT whereas 21 findings (17 nodal, 4 extranodal) were positive using CT and negative using PET. A total of 7 regions (1%) were judged equivocal in one imaging modality (1 FDG-PET, 6 CT). Using FDG-PET as compared to CT, resulted in a higher staging in 4 of 25 patients and in a lower staging in 2 of 25 patients. Conclusion: Staging of childhood lymphoma using FDGPET shows differences compared with CT resulting in a different staging in 6 of 25 patients. Prospective studies are required to evaluate the impact of these discrepancies on the clinical management of pediatric patients.

This study was designed to examine path models of the relationships of instrumentality, expressiveness, and social self-efficacy to shyness and depressive symptoms in college students. Models indicated strong relationships between social self-efficacy and instrumentality; the relationship of instrumentality to depressive symptoms was mediated by its relationship to social self-efficacy. The relationship of social self-efficacy to depressive symptoms was direct and was also mediated by its relationship to expressiveness. These findings provide new information on how gender role-related personality traits may be protective against depression.

Protein kinase activity is regulated not only by direct strategies affecting activity but also by spatial and temporal regulatory mechanisms. Kinase signaling pathways are coordinated by scaffolding proteins that orchestrate the assembly of multi-protein complexes. One family of such scaffolding proteins are the A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). AKAPs share the commonality of binding cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). In addition, they bind further signaling proteins and kinase substrates and tether such multi-protein complexes to subcellular locations. The A-kinase binding (AKB) domain of AKAPs typically contains a conserved helical motif that interacts directly with the dimerization/docking (D/D) domain of the regulatory subunits of PKA. Based on a pull-down proteomics approach, we identified neurochondrin (neurite-outgrowth promoting protein) as a previously unidentified AKAP. Here, we show that neurochondrin interacts directly with PKA through a novel mechanism that involves two distinct binding regions. In addition, we demonstrate that neurochondrin has strong isoform selectivity towards the RIIα subunit of PKA with nanomolar affinity. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Inhibitors of Protein Kinases.

The purpose of this exploratory, qualitative stgdy was to examine mediator efect by employing a repeated measures research design in which we videotaped mediators working with actors and a scripted divorce case scenario. What factors distinpish higher-rated mediators from lower-rated ones? Our discourse analysys of four divorce mediations suggested three signijcant factors of injuence that finction interactively and afect both mediation outcome and process. Ethical implications regarding how mediators achieve success in these three domains are discussed. This article presents implications for researchers, trainers, and practitioners; it suggests important directions for fiture research with nonsimulated mediation.

Introduction Children may be placed in the care of the child welfare system when they require additional supports or intervention to ensure their safety and security. Transitions in living arrangements (eg, home to foster care and return to home) and other difficult circumstances for these children may result in interruptions in routine preventive healthcare, such as childhood immunisations. The purpose of this systematic literature review is to determine whether immunisation coverage is a problem among children in the child welfare system and identify any known supports and/or barriers to vaccine uptake in this population. Methods and analysis This systematic review will encompass published and unpublished primary research studies that assess (A) immunisation coverage of children in the child welfare system, (B) how this coverage compares to the general population and/or children not in the child welfare system, and (C) supports and barriers affecting immunisation status of these children. Vaccines in the recommended childhood immunisation schedule for each study setting will be considered. Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, SocINDEX and ERIC will be comprehensively searched. We will also search ProQuest dissertations and theses, the Conference Proceedings Citation Index for Science and Social Science & Humanities, and a sample of relevant provincial, national and international websites. References of included studies will be manually searched for relevant studies. English language primary studies from 2000 to current focused on immunisations of children (age 0–17 years) in the child welfare system, in a high-income country, will be included. A narrative analysis of key findings from included studies will be performed and presented. Ethics and dissemination This protocol does not require ethics approval. Planned dissemination includes peer-reviewed publication, conference presentations and briefs for policy makers. Trial registration number This protocol is registered in the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, registration number CRD42016047319.

Back-gated carbon nanotube field-effect transistors have been fabricated using a wafer-level technology. Source and drain electrodes are structured by lift-off and wet etching. AFM measurements reveal residual contaminations originating from structuring processes. We investigate the particle removal by an oxygen plasma treatment depending on the process time. I/V characterization reveals a strong dependency of transistor characteristics, especially hysteresis behavior, on surface cleanliness. We find the removal of residual particles to be much more important than a passivation to keep water molecules from the transistor region. We show hysteresis-free transistor behavior even after 9 weeks of storage in air without passivation.

Gingival esthetics around natural teeth is based upon a constant vertical dimension of healthy periodontal soft tissues, the Biologic Width. When placing endosseous implants, however, several factors influence periimplant soft and crestal hard tissue reactions, which are not well understood as of today. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to histometrically examine periimplant soft tissue dimensions dependent on varying locations of a rough/smooth implant border in one-piece implants or a microgap (interface) in two-piece implants in relation to the crest of the bone, with two-piece implants being placed according to either a submerged or a nonsubmerged technique. Thus, 59 implants were placed in edentulous mandibular areas of five foxhounds in a side-by-side comparison. At the time of sacrifice, six months after implant placement, the Biologic Width dimension for one-piece implants, with the rough/smooth border located at the bone crest level, was significantly smaller (P