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The attraction of the female melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coq.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) to three food baits were evaluated in snake gourd (Trichosanthes anguina L.) and ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula (L.)) ecosystems at both Coimbatore and Tiruppur districts during January to march 2020. Food bait admixtures were prepared by combining base baits (guava-B1, muskmelon-B2 and guava+ muskmelon-B3) and bait additives (yeast, food grade alcohol, cane sugar and ProtineX®). The result indicated that both ridge gourd and snake gourd at Coimbatore (23 fruit flies/trap/day) attracted more adult flies than at Tiruppur. Greater number of Z. cucurbitae were attracted to food bait traps in snake gourd field (24 fruit flies/trap/day) at both Coimabtore and Tiruppur. In common, the performance of guava bait admixture (21 fruit flies/trap/day) was relatively greater than other two baits by trapping more adult flies. At individual sites, the three food baits attracted equivalently higher number of females than males (about 70% females). The number of adult flies trapped at first week (42 fruit flies/trap/day) was high and gradually decreased in successive weeks and found low at 11th (2 fruit fly/trap/day) and 12th (1 fruit fly/trap/day) weeks. This management practice for Z. cucurbitae effectively reduced the pest population by attracting most females.

Development of a room temperature hydrogen storage material is vital for the realization of a hydrogen economy. Towards achieving this goal, we present the use of naturally occurring diatom frustule for the synthesis of a novel nanomaterial that can achieve a hydrogen storage capacity of ~4.83 wt% at 25 °C and ~20 bar H2 equilibrium pressure. We have effectively combined the large surface area of few layer graphene(G), the unique physical and chemical properties of diatom frustules(D) such as chemical inertness and good porosity and the ability of transition metals and their alloys (Pd3Co) to adsorb large amounts of hydrogen. The resulting nanomaterial (Pd3Co-D(100)-G) has a surface area of 163.25 m2/g and pore volume of 0.84 cm3/g. The observations in the present study suggest that increased surface area and porosity play a key role in achieving high hydrogen storage capacity at relatively low H2 equilibrium pressures and room temperature conditions.

Cadmium Sulfide quantum dots were prepared in three solvents such as distilled water, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol respectively. Solvent dependence of cadmium sulfide quantum dots was investigated under XRD, TEM, UV, PL, and I-V characteristics. The results showed CdS quantum dots with sizes ranging from 7.5 nm, 8.2 nm, and 9 nm which enabled the control of the optical properties and consequently the solar cell performance. The optical absorption spectrum was observed near the ultra-violet region. Absorbance spectra reveal that there is a blue shift in the absorbance as the quantum dot size decreases due to the quantum confinement effect. For photoluminescence spectra, the emission peaks were observed at 430 nm, 468 nm, and 470 nm respectively. Among the solvents, cadmium sulfide quantum dots prepared with ethanol has the highest power conversion efficiency of 0.68%.

Throughout the world, according to the act of motor vehicle , each citizen should carry the original records like (Insurance, License, and Registration certificates book). While driving citizens need to carry all the original documents , many of them fail to carry their documents and facing difficulties . To defeat this issue , the proposed system created an individual barcode and their details are stored in the RTO database which consists of personal details , license , registration books (RC), and insurance . By using MATLAB, the barcode scanner will be done and it will decode the barcode to find the documents in the RTO database , suppose any of the documents are missing in the RTO database or insurance is not up-to-date than the person who maintains the RTO database will generate a fine amount for the consenting person. After paying that he/she needs to update the insurance in the RTO database . Suppose the barcode is missing in the vehicle they need to pay the fine and if they did not pay the fine amount then their vehicle should be taken under the control of the RTO . This database is fully monitored by the RTO . Thi sproject helps to reduce the work of the police officer and help to follow the rules acco rding to the Motor Vehicle Act.

The synthesis of Bi

Behavior of fish school can provide reliable inference about the health of fishes and their aquaculture environment. Monitoring the fish activity demands an intelligent system, which has been addressed in this work. The proposed work uses an overhead vision camera to track the activity of the fish school in an aquaculture tank. Problems associated with the occlusion of fishes are addressed using the weighted K-means clustering technique. It updates weights to the fish occupied region based on their area and is clustered using these weights, which provides an accurate estimate of the center of the fish school. Temporal variations of these fish schools are tracked using the Kalman filter-based multi-target tracking approach. It manages the tracks based on the associated fish schools observed using the vision camera. Experimental results illustrate the reliability of the proposed technique in monitoring fish school activity in an indoor aquaculture environment.

Our earth has never denied anything to us till date. Food, water, and resources everything has been available for us, which was sufficient to our needs. With the dawn of industrial revolution in the mid-19th century, our greeds have risen. Modern machines and modern industries revolutionized agriculture and industries. Yield increased year by year to satisfy global citizens, which came at a cost—Food waste. As mentioned by Food and Agriculture Organization, one-third of global food production reaches landfills and dump yards through our plates and other means. Right from the farms where it is harvested, a part of food gets wasted at every level of processing before it reaches your plates. Poor transport facilities, lack of storage facilities, nonavailability of markets are some major factors to be checked to reduce food loss. At the same time, food waste can effectively be reduced by food valorization. In Marxism, the valorization of capital is the increase in the value of capital assets through the application of value-forming labor in production. Bioprocessing the wastes as peels of fruits, seeds, and other food wastes, we could effectively manufacture chemicals, essential acids, and many such products that can literally be called as wealth out of wastes. Not only it results in production of beneficial products, but also reduces the ill effects of food wastes to the environment.

Bismuth based nanoparticles (BBNs)exhibit immense potential due to unique physico chemical properties, therefore extensively applied in diverse technologies. On this account, a great deal of attention is being devoted to green synthesizing BBNs, which is an environmentally safe process, non-toxic, and stable, with a wide range of nanoscale production options. This review emphasizes the importance of green approaches for synthesizing BBNsusing bio extracts derived from plants and microorganisms. The selection of precursors, reducing agents, coating agents, solvents, quantity evaluation, and experimental conditions are all discussed in this review elaborately. Also,a consolidative account ona diverse range of applications of BBNsisbeing highlighted, along with recent breakthroughs of green synthetic technology based onthe knowledge of mechanism routes that have been available in the recent literature. Since review articles are often central points for beginners, this report leads readers to the articles that highlight the noteworthy advancement in the field of BBNs research. The goals of this study are to (i) outline advanced bismuth-based compounds that have been used to date, (ii) describe drawbacks in synthetic strategy and possible solutions, and (iii) make recommendations for future research.

COVID-19 is a pandemic disease. The coronavirus also appears to cause higher rates of severe illness and death than the flu. But the symptoms can vary widely from person to person. This virus spreads primarily through droplets of Saliva or discharged from the nose when an infected person coughs. The health benefits of ginger and turmeric are pain-relieving, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immune-booster. The aim of the study is to assess the awareness of the ginger and turmeric as a herbal cure for COVID-19. A selfadministered questionnaire comprising 15 questions was circulated to 100 people through an online google form. Before the study begins, the study detail was explained to the participants. The sample size of this study was 100. The data was collected and statistically analysed. In this study, 98% of the population was aware that one of the best medicines is ginger and turmeric for various diseases and 2% of the population were unaware of it. Around 97% of the population was aware that ginger and turmeric contain anti-inflammatory properties and 3% of the population was aware that ginger and turmeric contain anti-inflammatory properties. The overall result was positive, most of them aware of the role of ginger and turmeric on COVID-19. This proves an outright positive result. Through this survey, the majority of people were aware of ginger and turmeric as a herbal cure for COVID-19.

Many clinical studies have evaluated the role of biochemical mediators like insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in assessment of skeletal maturity. But still the reliability of IGF‑1 as an indicator of skeletal maturity remains controversial.To assess the correlation between IGF‑1 and different radiographic skeletal maturity indicators.Seven electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Medline, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science and SciELO) were searched until January 2020 without any restriction based on language or date of publication.The study design included cross-sectional and longitudinal studies comparing IGF‑1 and other skeletal maturity indicators (SMIs).Data extraction was done by two reviewers independently; 15 studies were eligible to be included in the quantitative synthesis.There was significant positive correlation between IGF‑1 and different SMIs until puberty which was 0.95 (confidence interval [CI] = 0.89, 1.02) for males and 0.87 (CI = 0.77, 0.97) for females. A negative correlation between IGF‑1 and different SMIs was found after puberty which was -0.86 (CI = -0.97, -0.75) for males and -0.89 (CI = -0.98, -0.81) for females. The type of SMI compared and type of IGF‑1 sample used accounted for the high heterogeneity found across the studies. Chronological age and number of months passed after puberty showed moderate negative correlation with mean IGF‑1 levels which were -0.57 (CI = -0.67, -0.47) and -0.54 (CI = -0.66, -0.42). Annual increments in mandibular length showed significant positive correlation of 0.69 (CI = 0.48, 0.90).IGF‑1 would serve as a promising alternative to conventional radiographic skeletal maturity indicators and in predicting the amount of residual mandibular growth.HINTERGRUND: In zahlreichen klinischen Studien wurde die Rolle biochemischer Mediatoren wie etwa des „insulin-like growth factor 1“ (IGF-1) bei der Bestimmung der Skelettreife untersucht. Die Zuverlässigkeit von IGF‑1 als Indikator für die Skelettreife ist jedoch nach wie vor umstritten.Es sollte die Korrelation zwischen IGF‑1 und verschiedenen radiologischen Indikatoren für die Skelettreife untersucht werden.Sieben elektronische Datenbanken (PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Medline, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science und SciELO) wurden bis Januar 2020 ohne jegliche Einschränkung in Bezug auf Sprache oder Erscheinungsdatum durchsucht.Das Studiendesign umfasste Querschnitts- und Längsschnittstudien, die IGF‑1 und andere Indikatoren für die Skelettreife (SMI) verglichen.Die Datenerhebung wurde von 2 unabhängigen Gutachtern durchgeführt; 15 Studien waren geeignet, in die quantitative Analyse aufgenommen zu werden.Es bestand eine signifikante positive Korrelation zwischen IGF‑1 und verschiedenen SMI bis zur Pubertät, die bei männlichen Personen 0,95 (Konfidenzintervall [KI] = 0,89, 1,02) und bei weiblichen Personen 0,87 (KI = 0,77, 0,97) betrug. Nach der Pubertät wurde eine negative Korrelation zwischen IGF‑1 und verschiedenen SMI festgestellt, die bei Männern -0,86 (KI = -0,97, -0,75) und bei Frauen -0,89 (KI = -0,98, -0,81) betrug. Die Art des verglichenen SMI und die Art der verwendeten IGF-1-Probe waren für die große Heterogenität der Studien verantwortlich. Das chronologische Alter und die Anzahl der nach der Pubertät vergangenen Monate zeigten eine mäßige negative Korrelation mit den mittleren IGF-1-Werten, die -0,57 (KI = -0,67, -0,47) und -0,54 (KI = -0,66, -0,42) betrugen. Jährliche Zuwächse in der Unterkieferlänge zeigten eine signifikante positive Korrelation von 0,69 (KI = 0,48, 0,90).IGF‑1 könnte eine vielversprechende Alternative zu konventionellen radiologischen Skelettreifeindikatoren darstellen und bei der Vorhersage des Restwachstums des Unterkiefers eingesetzt werden.

The synthesis of Bi2WO6 and CeO2 photocatalytic nanomaterials exhibit a great ability to photodegrade the antibiotics and shown excellent oxidation of various organic pollutants. Heterostructure 1:1 & 2:1 Bi2WO6/CeO2 nanocomposite was successfully synthesized via the facile sono-dispersion method and exquisite photocatalytic activity. The 0.5 wt% of nanocomposites were well-grafted on PVDF membrane surface via an in-situ polymerization method using polyacrylic acid. The fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra demonstrated that the network formation in PVDF induced by the -COOH functional group in acrylic acid. The grafted membrane morphology and strong binding ability over the membranes were validated by scanning electron microscope with energy dispersion (SEM-EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The permeate flux of 49.2 L.m−2 h−1 and 41.65 L.m−2 h were observed for tetracycline and the humic acid solution respectively for 1 wt% of PVP and 0.5 wt% of photocatalytic nanomaterials in PVDF membrane. The tetracycline and humic acid photodegradation rate of 82% and 78% and total resistance of 1.43 × 1010 m−1 and 1.64 × 1010 m−1, 83.5% and 77% flux recovery ratio were observed with N5 membrane. The 2:1 Bi2WO6/CeO2 nanocomposite grafted membrane showed a high permeate flux and better photodegradation ability of organic pollutants in the wastewater.

In order to harness the potential of hydrogen as an alternative energy carrier, overcoming the barrier related to its storage is of utmost importance. In this direction, it has been shown that dissociation of hydrogen molecules into atoms followed by their adsorption onto high surface area nanomaterials like reduced graphene oxide is a promising pathway. In the present study, we have exploited this pathway, commonly known as the “spillover mechanism” and achieved a hydrogen storage capacity of ∼4.6 wt% at 30 bar and 25 °C in Pd3Co decorated boron doped graphene composite. We demonstrate that optimum loading of transition metal alloy nanoparticles coupled with heteroatom (nitrogen or boron) doped graphene support is an efficient, easy and cost effective avenue towards meeting the US department of energy (DOE) targets for gravimetric hydrogen storage capacity at room temperature and moderate pressures.

Background: Drug utilization plays a key role in helping the healthcare system to understand, interpret and improve the prescribing, administration and use of medications. The objective of the study was to assess the drug utilization pattern of drugs prescribed in conservative management of pancreatitis patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in department of surgery, Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital, Annamalai University. The study period was six months from November 2019 to April 2020. A total of 115 patients were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: The study population containing of 90% (n=104) males and 10% (n=11) females were included in the study. Most of the patients between age group of 25-44 years (48%). The most common etiology was alcoholic 68% (n=78). 7% of population with comorbidities (5% hypertension, 2% diabetes mellitus). In analgesics, tramadol (28%) and in antibiotics cefotaxime 21% was most prescribed. Lactated ringer solution (36%) was prescribed most as intravenous hydration. 7% (n=8) and 3% (n=4) of patients receiving enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition. The average number of drugs per prescription was 8.5. Out of 1205 drugs, 61% of drugs prescribed in generic form, 39% were prescribed in brand name. The study analyzed that 69% of drugs were prescribed from essential drugs list (EDL) 2019 and 84% drugs prescribed from national list of essential medicines (NLEM) 2015. Number of prescriptions with injection were 79.07%. The overall antibiotic encounter rate 15%. Prescribed daily dose/defined daily dose (PDD/DDD) ratio of folic acid was 5.Conclusions: Drug utilization study can help in evaluating the quality of care given to the pancreatitis patients and promote rational use of medicines.

In modern power systems, there has been sizeable growth on integration of assorted renewable sources and multi varieties of flexible ac transmission system (FACTS). Here for the term renewable source, the Distributed Generation (DG) is used. The power produced from DG should be regulated by improving its voltage and minimize the power losses in the system. For this purpose, the FACTS devices such as UPFC is installed in the power system In this work, the problem considered is the optimum placement and coordination of Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) and Distributed Generation (DG). This could be done using Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). The reduction of fuel cost and power loss minimization are the two main problem considered in this work. The standard IEEE thirty bus system is employed to visualize the quality of the planned system. Also the results obtained using WOA are compared with PSO. The comparison indicates that the WOA algorithm had superior features than PSO.

Worldwide, they are more than one in ten children are born prematurely. Eleven countries, have higher preterm birth rates Premature maturation (born before 37 weeks of pregnancy) is strongly associated with difficulty breathing diseases, that is, the leading cause of death for children under five. Because their lungs well developed, enemies in particular exposure to respiratory problems. One such the leading cause of child mortality worldwide Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS). Currently \ technology (recommended by WHO) by CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure), i.e. helps keep the alveoli open by giving continuous distribution of air / oxygen. This ensures that the children stay healthy residual air in the lungs, so it does not they strive to breathe and are continually saved problems such as hypoxia and even death CPAP standalone devices cost more than INR 150,000 ($ 2300) more expensive many developing hospitals. For the most part hospitals in restricted services, Oxygen treatment in the nose is often the solution available, on the basis of respiratory depression.

Green synthesis approaches are gaining the attention of researchers and they follow a less hazardous process to obtain nanoparticles. Green synthetic methods are currently used in industry than other physicochemical methods. The magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles have been effectively produced by green synthesis which is environmental friendly, non-toxic with greater stability and has broad range of opportunities for the production of this material in the nanoscale. But still some challenges have been raised for the production of same nanoparticles with huge amount by green synthesis approaches. This is because the biological extracts during the synthesis creates a barrier onto the elucidation of the reactions and their mechanisms. Therefore, this review deals the summing up of variety of biological substrates and different methodologies that can be utilized for the green synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles with impact on their properties. This article also explains the mechanism routes reported in various literatures for better understanding. The energy and environmental applications of the MgO nanoparticles are also dealt with in this article.

Fish classification is an essential requirement for biomass estimation, disease identification, and quality analysis. In aquaculture industries, fish classification is carried out in the processing unit. The fishes are out of water, subjecting them to structural deformation and orientation misalignments, makes classification challenging. A multisegmented fish classification technique using deep learning networks with naive Bayesian type fusion is proposed in this work to address these challenges. Fish images are acquired using an overhead camera. The fish head is identified by observing a minimal convexity deficiency region to facilitate segmentation. A multi-stage exhaustive enumerative optimization method is used to adjust the orientation, which can minimize unwanted background region in the image segment. Fish head, scales, and body are segmented from the fish image. For each fish segment, AlexNet is trained by using the transfer learning approach. A naive Bayesian fusion layer is introduced to fuse these trained deep learning networks and enhance classification accuracy. Experimental results illustrate a classification accuracy of 98.64% for ‘Fish-Pak’ image dataset with six different fish species and 98.94% for BYU fish dataset with four species. Comparative analysis with standard networks and ablation study demonstrates the accuracy and robustness of the proposed fusion architecture, respectively. Various fusion layers have also been analyzed, and observations illustrate the accuracy of the proposed NBC layer. Significant improvements in other classification performance metrics were also observed.

In this study, benzoyl-hydrazine anchored graphene oxide (BHGO) is synthesised using graphene oxide (GO) and benzoyl hydrazine (BH) via a simple, cost effective ultrasonic assisted chemical route. BH acted as a nitrogen source, reducing agent, and morphology modifier resulting in good electrochemical performance of BHGO. The supercapacitor behaviour of BHGO is investigated in different aqueous electrolytes and it exhibits a specific capacitance of 170 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 in 1 M H2SO4 and capacitive retention of 85% over 5000 cycles at 5 A g−1. This high performance is attributed to the enrichment of electroactive sites of GO through nitrogen moieties enhancing faradaic redox reactions and thereby the polarization at the electrode surface.

The grey water is the waste water that is generated in the households or office buildings from streams without fecal contamination. Sources of grey water include water from sinks, showers, baths, washing machine or dish washers. As grey water contains fewer pathogens than domestic waste, it is generally safer to handle and easier to treat and reuse onsite for toilet flushing, landscape or crop irrigation. The removal of toxic content in grey water in this era is one of the most needed process by now. A constructed wetland (CW) is an artificial wetland created for the purpose of treating anthropogenic discharge such as domestic, industrial wastewater and storm water runoff. The treatment of grey water for the removal of toxic content using constructed wetland along with plant species is the most simple and widely accepted eco-friendly method for the better treatment of grey water. This paper addresses the treatment of grey water using constructed wetland with Canna Indica plant and reduces the toxic content in grey water. Grey water and treated water is tested for pH, Total dissolved solids, Turbidity, Chemical oxygen demand, Total hardness, Biochemical oxygen demand, Electronic conductivity and the removal efficiency is discussed with the results.

Online shopping is one of the biggest concerns now a day's which helps the user to feel easier to shop anything from their home. It makes it feel easier as it provide verity of product at an affordable price to the customers. Not only that customer can compare the features, lifetime of the product, various brand products with the picture of that product that is customer can select the product just by visiting the website of such online shopping where the entire details of the product are revealed in front of the customer when they search and the bills can be paid in online itself. Although it has various advantages over shopping it has a primary defect which happens in all transaction process that is robbing the individual details of the customer like bank account number, password and so on while transacting the money. In order to secure data from such theft in this paper we have introduced an idea of using MD5 algorithm at the server to encrypt the original data before transition and secure the personal information.

The Internet of Things (IOT) has been denoted as a new wave of information and communication technology (ICT) advancements. The IOT is a multidisciplinary concept that encompasses a wide range of several technologies, application domains, device capabilities, and operational strategies, etc. The ongoing IOT research activities are directed towards the definition and design of standards and open architectures which is still have the issues requiring a global consensus before the final deployment. This paper gives over view about IOT technologies and applications related to agriculture with comparison of other survey papers and proposed a novel irrigation management system. Our main objective of this work is to for Farming where various new technologies to yield higher growth of the crops and their water supply. Automated control features with latest electronic technology using microcontroller which turns the pumping motor ON and OFF on detecting the dampness content of the earth and GSM phone line is proposed after measuring the temperature, humidity, and soil moisture.

This paper is related to the off-grid inverter system. Inverters are used to convert the direct current to alternating current. An inverter is not an energy producer but it's a power converter that converts DC supply from batteries or fuel cells to AC supply. Almost in all the major applications, inverters are fed with DC source which is rectified from the electricity supply grid. But, the supply electricity from the grid is not available all the time during the day because of the practical problems like increased industrial need and growth of population in the country. Off-grid inverters otherwise known as standalone inverters are those that charge batteries using supply from the other sources of electricity like solar energy, wind energy. These sources are reliable, eco-friendly and they provide supply continuously. The objective of this paper is to design and simulate a standalone PV based inverter system which converts solar energy to electric energy and then invert it. This simulation consists of the conversion of solar energy to electrical energy, by stepping up of obtained output voltage to desired level using the Interleaved Boost Converter configuration, inverting it to Alternating form and then filtering it to avoid unwanted power quality issues.

The newly emerging technology i.e. Wireless Sensor Networks spread rapidly into many field's like medical, habitat monitoring, bio-technology etc. The relevance of WSN are tremendous. The utility of WSN is for collecting the sensed data, storing or processing the sensed data and the transmitting data to the appropriate central station. Agriculture is one of the field which have recently averted their scrutiny to WSN. By taking help of WSN, one can transmit the real-time data quickly with in no time. The WSN system which is developed in this paper, is used for precision agriculture. Precision agriculture is nothing but applying right inputs at the right time to get more cultivation with less power and work. The real-time data is based on the several characteristics of weather like temperature, humidity etc. The architecture of the developed WSN system in this paper comprehend a set of sensors called sensor node, base station and central station. Base station sends the sensed data to the central station.

Background: Obesity is one of the fastest growing threats of health and well-being for both developed and developing countries. The aim of the study was to evaluate the awareness about obesity among general public.Methods: After obtaining institutional ethics committee approval and written informed consent from the participants, anthropometric measures like height, weight, hip and waist circumference for computing body mass index and waist hip ratio were taken. Using portable bioelectric impedance analyzer body fat percentage was measured. A validated questionnaire including socio demographic details and questions evaluating the awareness about obesity were given to the participants.Results: Totally 100 participants were evaluated, of which majority being female. Mean height of the male and female participants was 164 and 152cm respectively. Similarly, mean weight was found to be 72 and 65 kg. Based on the body mass index only 19% participants were within normal range, remaining 81% were overweight and obese. Percent body fat and waist hip ratio was found to be increased in both sexes. Majority of the participants were aware that obesity is associated with health problems but most of them were unaware how it is measured and the dietary foods to be taken to reduce obesity. However 64% participants think that obesity can reduce the life expectancy of the individual.Conclusions: Majority of the participants were obese and overweight while awareness about preventive measures was still lacking. Hence health care personnel need to take greater effort to educate and inform people about the implications.