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We studied the clinico-pathological correlation of collagen disease-related pulmonary lesions to examine the pathological and radiological features of collagen lung, and the effect of steroid therapy. Ten open lung biopsy cases were examined; 4 male, and 6 female. The mean age was 55 years old. Seven cases developed pulmonary shadows after the diagnosis of collagen disease, and 3 cases showed pulmonary shadow prior to diagnosis. Pathologically, 6 cases proved to be bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP), 3 cases were chronic interstitial pneumonia (UIP), and 1 case was acute interstitial pneumonia. All cases had inflammatory thickening of the interstitium involving the pleura, bronchial wall, and perivascular connective tissue. Half of the cases had bronchiolar inflammatory lesions. Radiologically BOOP cases showed either localized ground glass shadows, or diffuse reticulonodular shadows predominantly in the lower lung fields with shrinkage of affected areas. UIP cases showed reticulonodular shadows, and active UIP cases showed overlapping ground glass shadows. Steroids were administered in cases of BOOP and active UIP, and all cases showed improvement. We consider that open lung biopsy is of use in the diagnosis of some cases and in assessing whether steroid therapy is indicated.

We investigated whether exine-free pollen allergen particles exist together with the intact pollen grains of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) in the air during the pollen season in Yamagata City. First, we separated the allergen particles in an Andersen multi-stage air-sampler according to their aerodynamic diameters. The amount of major allergen (Cry j I) on each stage of the sampler was determined by a sensitive fluorometric sandwich ELISA, and the pollen count of the same samples was done by light microscopy after Carberla staining. Cry j I was found in stages 1 to 6, whereas most of intact and ruptured pollen grains were microscopically observed only in stages 1 and 2. Second, we suctioned the air through a tandem membrane filter system (the first filter, Nuclepore filter with 5 microns-pores; and the second, Millipore filter with 0.3 micron-pores). None of the pollen grains was detectable on the 0.3 micron-pore filter with light microscopy. However, Cry j I was detectable in the aqueous extract from the second filter. From these results, we concluded that pollen-free Cry j I existed in the air of Yamagata City during the pollen season.

Antigenic analysis of recently isolated H1 influenza viruses was performed using haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay with monoclonal antibodies to the haemagglutinin (HA) subunit. Tests using monoclonal antibodies against the HA of the A/England/333/80 (H1N1) and A/Yamagata/120/86 (H1N1) viruses revealed that the major antigenic drift occurred in 1985 or 1986 and A/Dunedin/6/83-like virus became a major strain after 1986.

A sandwich enzymeimmunoassay (EIA) for pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) using a microtiter plate was developed. Sensitivity of the assay to PMSG was 15.6 mIU/ml (0.2 ng/well). The PMSG levels in serum were measured with the EIA in superovulated and anti-PMSG rabbit antiserum treated mice and heifers. In mice, the PMSG blood level was measurable in the serum 4-6 days after intraperitoneal injection of 5-30 IU of PMSG. The administration of anti-PMSG antiserum at the same dose level as PMSG caused a rapid decrease in the PMSG blood level, declining to undetectable levels within 17 hours. In heifers, the PMSG level was measurable at 10-11 days after the injection of 2500 or 3000 IU of PMSG. When antiserum was injected 48 hours after the PMSG injection, the clearance rate of PMSG was affected by the route of the administration. The administration of 3000 units of anti-PMSG antiserum intravenously caused a rapid decline and the disappearance of circulating PMSG within 17 hours. When 3000 units of anti-PMSG antiserum was injected intra-muscularly, the PMSG blood level also decreased and became unmeasurable 24 hours after administration; however, it was still detectable for up to 17 hours. These results indicate that the administration of anti-PMSG antiserum at the proper timing and dosage could lead to successful superovulation through the improvement of hormonal conditions.

3068 Background: Postsurgical recurrence of CCC is frequent and fatal. This phase II study investigated the efficacy and safety of DC/VAC in patients (pts) who underwent curative resection for CCC to lower postsurgical recurrence rates. Methods: Patients (pts) with CCC who underwent curative resection received DC/VAC. DC/VAC consisted of dendritic cells with autologous lymphocytes activated with interleukin-2 and antibody to CD3 at 14-day intervals for 3 months. The immune responses to tumor antigens (Tgs) were monitored by delayed- type hypersensitivity (DTH). The primary endpoint was relapse-free survival (RFS). Secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), the monitoring of immune responses to Tgs, and toxicity. Results: Between September 2000 and August 2005, 26 pts were included, with a median age of 61.4 years, a median tumor size of 5.8 cm. Twenty-five pts (96 %) underwent segmentectomy. On the pathological findings, vascular invasions, intrahepatic metastases (IM), and lymph node involvements (L...

We devised a new counting method of pollen allergen particles which improved the fluorescence immunoblotting technique by Schumacher et al (1988). And by which airborne pollen allergens became visible under 10X magnifier or naked eyes. Airborne pollen allergens collected on the Burkard's sampling tape were transferred onto nitrocellulose membrane and were reacted with anti Cry j I rabbit serum or anti Lol p I rabbit serum, and then treated with alkaline phosphatase conjugated F(ab')2 anti rabbit IgG. Finally, bluish purple spots were obtained by staining with BCIP/NBT phosphatase substrate system. This technique does not require any skillful morphological observation, and is more suitable to measure the amounts of airborne pollen allergen for given pollinosis patients because total pollen allergen particles with common antigenicity are measured. In Japanese red cedar pollen counts, we could not count the spots more than 400 grains per 0.16 cm2 of the sample trapping area due to many overlapping spots. In this case, we tried to calculate the value from the ratio of bluish purple coloured area to one pollen area. However, a more suitable method for estimating the content of pollinosis caused airborne allergens may be colorimetric quantitation using densitometry and displaying the value as allergen content.

Glucocorticoids are widely used for the treatment of multiple myeloma. To investigate the direct actions of glucocorticoids on myeloma cells, we have used three cell lines of human multiple myeloma, OPM-1, OPM-2, and RPMI 8226. When growth curves of these cells were examined, OPM-1 cells were resistant, while OPM-2 were sensitive to dexamethasone (DEX). In cultures of OPM-2 cells, addition of DEX led to virtual cessation of growth, with only 16% of the residual cells viable after 4 days. RPMI 8226 appeared to be slightly sensitive, showing some slowing of growth for several days in DEX, with later recovery. Viabilities of OPM-1 and RPMI 8226 cells were not affected. Secretion of immunoglobulin (Ig-lambda) was also partially suppressed, by 30% in OPM-2 and 14% in OPM-1. No significant suppression was observed in RPMI 8226. To explore the mechanism of these differential responses to the steroid, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) was examined. Binding assays showed high affinity binding sites in all three cell lines: 64 +/- 11 fmol/10(6) cells in OPM-1, 78 +/- 14 in OPM-2, and 62 +/- 16 in RPMI 8226. Nuclear transfer of GR and DNA-cellulose binding after heat activation appeared similar in all three cell lines. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cytosol proteins labeled with [3H]dexamethasone mesylate showed a GR of Mr 95,000 in all three. When GR mRNA was studied in these cells, all of them had GR mRNA of approximately 7 kilobases, but OPM-2 and RPMI 8226 had 3 times more GR mRNA than OPM-1. OPM-2 GR mRNA was induced 2-fold by DEX treatment at 5 x 10(-9) M or greater. OPM-1 GR mRNA was much less sensitive, with no response at less than 10(-6) M DEX and only 1.5-fold induction at that concentration. These results demonstrate that some myeloma cells can be killed by a direct action of glucocorticoids. The quantity and affinity of GR in the cells were not predictive of this response. Therefore, we propose that the resistance of OPM-1 and the relative resistance of RPMI 8226 to glucocorticoid inhibition of cell growth is by post-receptor mechanisms. The high sensitivity of induction of GR mRNA in OPM-2 may correlate with glucocorticoid-evoked cell kill.

CT images of 18 patients with bronchial tuberculosis were studied and pathogenesis of the disease was analyzed on the basis of CT findings. Characteristic CT findings, observed in 15 cases, were thickening of bronchial wall and/or swelling of adjacent pulmonary arteries in peripheral part of bronchial tuberculosis lesion. In 11 of these 15 cases, observed pulmonary cavity and/or large tuberculosis lesions at the periphery of the above-mentioned CT findings, were considered to develop to the direct extension from parenchymal tuberculosis. Other 4 cases showed the above-mentioned characteristic CT findings, but without parenchymal lesions, the pathogenesis of the disease remained undetermined. In remaining 3 cases, neither characteristic CT findings nor remarkable parenchymal lesion was noticed. One of them was clarified by bronchoscopic examination.

A new high temperature form of Y2O3 has been synthesized at 2220 °C by a laser beam heating technique. The new form has a face-centered cubic structure with a = 5.2644(3)Å, Z = 2, Dx = 5.14 g/cm3, and is considered to have a fluorite-type structure containing disordered oxygen vacancies.

After immunizing 8-month pregnant Holstein cows with human rotavirus, Wa strain, cow colostrum containing neutralizing antibody to human rotavirus, designated as Rota colostrum, was obtained. After randomly grouping 13 infants from a single orphanage, 6 infants received 20 ml of Rota colostrum every morning and 7 control infants received 20 ml of market milk. One month later, rotavirus associated diarrhea was observed in 6 of the 7 infants given milk and 1 out of the 6 infants given Rota colostrum. Orally administered Rota colostrum significantly protected infants from diarrhea caused by rotavirus (P less than 0.05). Two out of 5 Rota colostrum recipients who were free from diarrhea showed rises in complement fixation (CF) antibody titer after the rotavirus infection epidemic. Thus, Rota colostrum prevented the outbreak of diarrhea but did not prevent immunological responses to natural rotavirus infection. In the therapeutic trial Rota colostrum had no effect on duration of diarrhea, bowel movements or virus shedding in stool. However, there were no side-effects of Rota colostrum.

Investigations were performed by light microscope on the surface areas of the tympanal wall of the ductus cochlearis of the guinea pig, rabbit, cat and dog. Dissected specimens of the cochlea after silver reaction were used. This staining method was very helpful in observing the structure with fine high contrast.When Huschke's teeth of the spiral limbs are viewed from above, they run from the modiolus toward the inner sulcus cells with many interposed bridges between them. The surface extensions of the interdental cells (superficial cells of the spiral limbs) make a radial mosaic pavement as a whole in the direction from the modiolus toward the inner sulcus cells with slightly increasing surface area.The free surface of the inner sulcus cell becomes smaller toward the inner supporting cells.The reticular membrane maintains its compact structure in cases in which outer or inner hair cells have failed to develop. The pattern of repair of the reticular membrane was shown.At the border between Hensen's and Cl...

When a plaque-purified strain of reovirus type 3 (Dearing strain) degraded during storage, electron micrographs of the degraded virion were made which clearly demonstrated the substructural components of the outer capsid.

The surface structure of the cochlear duct was investigated on experimental animals with light microscope by means of the silver nitrate staining, which gave a fine contrast. The horizontal processes of the interdental cells (superficial cells of the spiral limbus) were rectangular in shape and they formed a radiating mosaic pavement under the inserted portion of the tectorial membrane. The inner spiral sulcus cells became smaller towards the border cells at the free surface. The reticular lamina showed, as a whole, a very regular framework composed of hairs and supporting cells. At the border between Hensen's and Claudius's cells, one row of spirally arranged epithelial cells was observed. The spiral prominence cells and the marginal cells of the vascular atria were clearly viewed from the side of the scala media. Between the marginal cells of the vascular atria and the spiral prominence cells as well as the epithelial cells of the Reissner's membrane, some rows of large spindle-shaped cells were observed on the endolym-phatic surface running parallel with the vascular atria from the base to the apex of the cochlea.

The otolithic membrane and the otoliths were studied light-microscopically by histological sections and surface specimens of the otolithic organs of the guinea pig. The otoliths were larger in the lower portion of the otolithic layer and smaller towards it's upper surface. However, in the stri ola, the narrow marginal zones, and the indented portion of the macula, the of oliths were very small and varied less in size. In the striola of the macula utriculi, the otolithic layer as a whole was thinner and it formed a concave groove on the surface of the otolithic membrane, while in the striola of the macula sacculi, the otolithic layer was thicker and formed a long series of hills. In the striola, the otolithic layer was generally nearer to the surface of the sensory epithelium than that in the other central part fo the maculae sacculi and utriculi.

The fluorescence and absorption spectra of anthracene‐d10 in a fluorene matrix at 4.2°K have been measured and analyzed. In the ground electronic state seven ag and two b3g fundamentals have been assigned, while in the first‐excited electronic state (1B1u) six ag and four b3g fundamentals were located. Other possible fundamentals are indicated. Earlier data concerning ag and b3g fundamentals of anthracene‐h10 are critically reviewed and compared with the present results.

Summary The kinetics of the liberation of protein components from purified poliovirus was examined under varying alkaline pH conditions at 40°. The proteins of the liberated components and of the virus capsid were analysed by sucrose gradient centrifugation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. When the virus particle was treated at pH 10.0, a minor component enriched in the capsid protein VP 4 was liberated from the virus capsid and a remaining capsid structure had the same H antigenicity as intact empty capsids free of virus RNA. A second component consisting mainly of VP 2 was released from the capsid at pH 11.0 and the residual capsid contained VP 1 and VP 3. This altered capsid still possessed H antigenicity and was stable at pH 11.0, but was degraded to smaller components at pH 12.0. This smaller component did not show H antigenicity. The results suggested that the basic matrix of the particle structure is composed of VP 1 and VP 3 and it exhibits H antigenicity.

The light microscopic structures of the basilar membrane and its adjacent areas of the experimental animal cochlea were studied by the surface preparation technique combined with a silver staining, which demonstrated the following characteristics:1. The mesothelial cells, which cover the basilar membrane on the side of the scala tympani, are of elongated, spindle-like shape and are arranged in a spiral direction from the base to the apex of the cochlea.2. Near the apex, however, the mesothelial cells show a radial arrangement running parallel to the fibers of the pars pectinata.3. The mesothelial cells become narrower toward the base of the cochlea and laterally toward the spiral ligament in the basal turn, lying tightly side by side or overlapping with each other.

The mode of function of the otolith organ was investigated by recording action potentials from the first order neuron of the guinea pig. In the present experiment ‘nose-down’ unit was recorded more frequently than ‘nose-up’ unit, whereas ‘side-up’ unit was almost equal in number to ‘side-down’ unit. The reaction of the otolith organ was much influenced by tilting speed-more remarkable in slow tilt than in rapid one. Two different kinds of units were noted in sustained tilt, one showed remarkable adaptation and the other showed moderate adaptation. They were recorded in the ratio of 1:5. In galvanic stimulation every unit showed enhancement in cathodic stimulation and suppression in anodic stimulation. Two kinds of adaptation were also found in the same fashion as in tilting stimulation. It is the precent authors' working hypothesis that the difference of adaptation is due to different size of the nerve fibers.

The surface views of the stria vascularis and its adjacent areas are presented after a silver reaction, a glutamic dehydrogenase staining and a H-3-uridine autoradiography. Between the stria vascularis and the spiral prominence, as well as Reissner's membrane, some rows of spindle-formed cells were observed on the endolymphatic surface running parallel to the stria vascularis from the base to the apex of the cochlea. The H-3-uridine autoradiography of the endolymph administration revealed distinct labels of the stria vascularis and the spiral prominence. From these results, the resorptive function of the stria vascularis and the spiral prominence is discussed.

The absorption and fluorescence spectra of anthracene in n-heptane, fluorene, and biphenyl matrices have been measured at 4°K. Both in the ground and 1B1u excited electronic states, eight ag and three b3g fundamentals have been assigned. Other possible fundamentals, including some nontotally symmetric modes allowed to appear by crystal forces, are indicated. Anharmonicity was detected only by the appearance of a number of examples of Fermi resonance between vibrational modes both in absorption and in fluorescence. No evidence for a second weak electronic transition was found.

The C-C bond length alternations in fulvene, heptafulvene, fulvalene, heptafulvalene, sesquifulvalene and heptalene are determined using, with slight modification, the theory of Longuet-Higgins and Salem [14]. It is shown that even in heptalene there exists a marked bond alternation, with the result that in this molecule the skew structure (C2h ) is more stable than the symmetrical one (D2h ). The charge densities, bond orders and free valences in the distorted structures are given. The obtained high free valences explain the chemical instability of these molecules. The transition energies and moments are calculated, electron interactions being taken into account. Numerical results are in good agreement with experimental spectral data. In this connection some previous assignments are confirmed and some new ones are proposed. The diamagnetic anisotropies, stabilization energies and vertical delocalization energies are also calculated. Bond alternations lead to considerable decreases in such quantities indi...

The authors bilt a revolving room, in order to investigate quantitative interaction between angular acceleration and labyrinthine function. the subject was made to stand at the centre of this room, with his head bent 30d` forwards, and his eyes open.The various responses induced by rotatory stimulation, namely, nystagmus, turning sensation, change of respiration and head movement were simultaneously observed by electric and photoelectric methods. As a result the authors found that it is possible to diagnose not only vertigo but also motion sickness and to test the fitness of pilots.

In all examined specimens of streptomycin-treated animals, small otoliths crystals decreased in number in the striola, in the peripheral margins as well as on the upper surface of the otolithic layer. This decrease of otolith crystals in number was most prominent in the striola and in its short extensions at both ends. The upper surface of the otolithic layer was rather flat and neither obvious furrows nor ridges were found on it except for the striola.In all specimens of severely damaged animals, only a few giant otoliths, most of which were 50 p long, were detected on the otolithic membrane. Several likely reasons for the degenerative changes of the otolithic membrane as well as the otolithic layers in strep-tomycin-ototoxicosis were discussed.

Calculations have been made for benzo[g]sesquifulvalene using the Huckel MO method with the bond alternation technique. The bond lengths, charge densities, dipole moment and electronic spectrum of this molecule as given by the MO calculations have been compared with the experimental values.

Light microscopic structures of Reissner's membrane in a guinea pig, a rabbit, a cat and a dog were shown commenting on their several characteristic features. And. permeability problems of this membrane were historically reviewed.

The RNA metabolism in the cells of Reissner's membrane of a kanamycin-treated guinea pig's cochlea was studied with autoradiography by using H-3-uridine. The inhibition of the RNA metabolism was more conspicuous in the inner side of Reissner's membrane than in the outer side of it.

The structure of GeH5+ is a complex of GeH3++H2 with Cs symmetry. The proton affinity is calculated to be 7.3 eV. The obscure nature of GeH5+ is elucidated by its small dissociation energy 7.6 kcal mol-1 into GeH3++H2.

Concept, clinical feature, pathological feature and differential diagnosis of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and diffuse pan-bronchiolitis are discussed. Author expressed characteristic pathologic feature, but non-specificity of IIP. Diffuse pan-bronchiolitis shows very characteristic pathologic feature and seems to be specific. Accordingly X-ray findings are also characteristic. Early diagnosis is essential for treatment.

Characteristics of CT images of 40 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were compared with those of chest radiograms of the same patients, and the clinical usefulness of CT was evaluated. CT findings in pulmonary tuberculosis could be classified as follows. (1) centrilobular shadow, (2) lobular shadow, (3) multilobular shadow, (4) small nodular shadow, (5) pneumonic shadow, (6) cavitary shadow, (7) shadow showing, broncho-vascular dilatation. It was concluded that CT could express far more precisely the location, extension and stage of the tuberculous lesions and could give more informations on the clinical and pathological natures of the lesions than ordinary chest radiograms. Further, CT was superior for the radiological analysis of the detail of the lesions and their distributions.

The hemodynamics of fetal hearts, possibly having right ventricular overload were investigated using pulsed Doppler and cross-sectional echocardiography. The subjects consisted of 250 normal fetuses at 30 to 38 weeks gestation, 23 of which were studied by Doppler method. The ultrasonic beam was directed toward the centers of the tricuspid and mitral orifices imaged in the apical four-chamber view to record right ventricular and left ventricular inflow velocities. The flow velocity patterns of right and left ventricular inflow tracts were similar and consisted of two peaks; the rapid filling phase and the atrial contraction phase. The peak velocity of the atrial contraction phase was slightly greater than that of the rapid filling phase. Mitral peak flow velocity was 52.1 +/- 9.9 cm/sec (mean +/- SD), while tricuspid peak flow velocity was 56.1 +/- 8.7 cm/sec, and the ratio of the latter to the former was 1.09 +/- 0.09. We calculated the excursions and diastolic descent rate (DDR) of the mitral and tricuspid valves using M-mode echocardiography, which were also strongly affected by stroke volume. TV DDR/MV DDR = 1.06 +/- 0.10, and TV excursion/MV excursion = 1.09 +/- 0.09. Reportedly, 2/3 of the total cardiac volume entered the right ventricle, based on the experimental study of fetal lambs. However, the results obtained in the present study suggest that the right ventricular flow volume may be only slightly greater than that of the left ventricle.

A case of chronic leukemia is reported. Malignant cells had the morphology of lymphocytes and an affinity for skin. Cytochemically, they were peroxidase negative, and NaF-resistant alpha-naphthyl esterase positive. The peripheral mononuclear cells formed E-rosettes and reacted with Leu 1 and OKM1. They were unreactive with OKT3, OKT4, OKT6, OKT8, and OKIa1. The cells did not possess surface IG, C3b receptors, or IgG Fc receptors (EAIgG). They responded weakly to phytohemagglutinin, and did not respond to concanavalin A. The cells did not adhere to Petri dishes or phagocytose latex beads. It is concluded that it was a case of OKT3-, OKM1+, EAIgG- T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. This suggests that OKT3 does not recognize all peripheral T-cells, and that OKM1 is not specific for the monocyte-myeloid lineage. These cells may be useful in the characterization of E+, OKM1+ subset of peripheral mononuclear cells.