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59. An empirical examination of the relationship between scientists' work environment and research performance

Author

Ryan, James C. and Hurley, John

Subjects
Work environment -- Analysis, Employee performance -- Analysis, Business, Business, general
Abstract

To purchase or authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2007.00480.x Byline: James C. Ryan (1), John Hurley (2) Abstract: This research is an empirical examination of the relationship between organizational characteristics and scientific research effectiveness. A sample of research-active scientists (N=295) from 25 biological and chemical science university research departments took part in this study. Data were collected using the Organizational Culture Survey (Glaser et al., 1987), which measures six organizational characteristics of the research environment. Organizational characteristics are analysed across a measure of departmental research performance. Results support the hypothesis that specific characteristics of the organizational environment are related to research performance. The implications of these findings for the existing literature and the future management and organization of scientific research departments are discussed. Author Affiliation: (1)Department of Human Resource Management, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.j.c.ryan@massey.ac.nz (2)Dublin City University Business School, DCU, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland

Published
2007

64. Memory T-cell proliferation before HCV therapy predicts antiviral immune responses and treatment success

Author

Méndez-Lagares, Gema, Lu, Ding, Chen, Connie, Terrault, Norah, Segal, Mark R., Khalili, Mandana, Monto, Alexander, Shen, Hui, Manos, M. Michele, Lanier, Lewis L., Ryan, James C., McCune, Joseph M., and Hartigan-O'Connor, Dennis

Subjects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Male, Proline, Hepacivirus, Adaptive Immunity, Antibodies, Viral, Lymphocyte Activation, Antiviral Agents, Article, Polyethylene Glycols, Ribavirin, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Prospective Studies, Cell Proliferation, virus diseases, Interferon-alpha, Hepatitis C, Chronic, Middle Aged, digestive system diseases, Immunity, Innate, Recombinant Proteins, Treatment Outcome, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, T-Box Domain Proteins, Immunologic Memory, Oligopeptides
Abstract

The contribution of the host immune system to the efficacy of new anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) drugs is unclear. We undertook a longitudinal prospective study of 33 individuals with chronic HCV treated with combination pegylated IFN-α, ribavirin, and telaprevir/boceprevir. We characterized innate and adaptive immune cells to determine whether kinetics of the host response could predict sustained virologic response (SVR). We show that characteristics of the host immune system present before treatment were correlated with successful therapy. Augmentation of adaptive immune responses during therapy was more impressive among those achieving SVR. Most importantly, active memory T cell proliferation before therapy predicted SVR and was associated with the magnitude of the HCV-specific responses at week 12 after treatment start. After therapy initiation, the most important correlate of success was minimal monocyte activation, as predicted by previous in vitro work. In addition, subjects achieving SVR had increasing expression of the transcription factor T-bet, a driver of Th1 differentiation and cytotoxic effector cell maturation. These results show that host immune features present before treatment initiation predict SVR and eventual development of a higher frequency of functional virus-specific cells in blood. Such host characteristics may also be required for successful vaccine-mediated protection.

Published
2017

66. Gene expression profiling in brain of mice exposed to the marine neurotoxin ciguatoxin reveals an acute anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective response

Author

Ryan James C, Morey Jeanine S, Bottein Marie-Yasmine, Ramsdell John S, and Van Dolah Frances M

Subjects
Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurophysiology and neuropsychology, QP351-495
Abstract

Abstract Background Ciguatoxins (CTXs) are polyether marine neurotoxins and potent activators of voltage-gated sodium channels. This toxin is carried by multiple reef-fish species and human consumption of ciguatoxins can result in an explosive gastrointestinal/neurologic illness. This study characterizes the global transcriptional response in mouse brain to a symptomatic dose of the highly toxic Pacific ciguatoxin P-CTX-1 and additionally compares this data to transcriptional profiles from liver and whole blood examined previously. Adult male C57/BL6 mice were injected with 0.26 ng/g P-CTX-1 while controls received only vehicle. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 4 and 24 hrs and transcriptional profiling was performed on brain RNA with Agilent whole genome microarrays. RT-PCR was used to independently validate gene expression and the web tool DAVID was used to analyze gene ontology (GO) and molecular pathway enrichment of the gene expression data. Results A pronounced 4°C hypothermic response was recorded in these mice, reaching a minimum at 1 hr and lasting for 8 hrs post toxin exposure. Ratio expression data were filtered by intensity, fold change and p-value, with the resulting data used for time course analysis, K-means clustering, ontology classification and KEGG pathway enrichment. Top GO hits for this gene set included acute phase response and mono-oxygenase activity. Molecular pathway analysis showed enrichment for complement/coagulation cascades and metabolism of xenobiotics. Many immediate early genes such as Fos, Jun and Early Growth Response isoforms were down-regulated although others associated with stress such as glucocorticoid responsive genes were up-regulated. Real time PCR confirmation was performed on 22 differentially expressed genes with a correlation of 0.9 (Spearman's Rho, p < 0.0001) with microarray results. Conclusions Many of the genes differentially expressed in this study, in parallel with the hypothermia, figure prominently in protection against neuroinflammation. Pathologic activity of the complement/coagulation cascade has been shown in patients suffering from a chronic form of ciguatera poisoning and is of particular interest in this model. Anti-inflammatory processes were at work not only in the brain but were also seen in whole blood and liver of these animals, creating a systemic anti-inflammatory environment to protect against the initial cellular damage caused by the toxin.

Published
2010
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75. Entrepreneurial Intention and UAE Youth: Unique Influencers of Entrepreneurial Intentions in an Emerging Country Context.

Author

Al Saiqal, Noora Yousif, Ryan, James C., and Parcero, Osiris Jorge

Subjects
*YOUTH, *ENTREPRENEURSHIP, *PLANNED behavior theory, *INTENTION, *QUESTIONNAIRES
Abstract

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a young, oil-rich country, where national youth display a clear preference for public sector employment. Growing youth unemployment reinforces the importance of non-government employment, including entrepreneurship. This study investigates UAE national youth intentions toward entrepreneurship through the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire (EIQ). Analysis (N = 544) identifies the direct influence of attitude and perceived behavioral control and indirect influence of subjective norms on entrepreneurship intention. Results also examine several demographic variables and highlight the potential importance of family and social groups in promoting entrepreneurial intentions in this emerging country context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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80. Peristaltic Locomotion of a Modular Mesh-Based Worm Robot: Precision, Compliance, and Friction

Author

Horchler, Andrew D., primary, Kandhari, Akhil, additional, Daltorio, Kathryn A., additional, Moses, Kenneth C., additional, Ryan, James C., additional, Stultz, Kristen A., additional, Kanu, Elishama N., additional, Andersen, Kayla B., additional, Kershaw, Joseph A., additional, Bachmann, Richard J., additional, Chiel, Hillel J., additional, and Quinn, Roger D., additional

Published
2015
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87. Monocyte Activation by Interferon α Is Associated With Failure to Achieve a Sustained Virologic Response After Treatment for Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Author

Hartigan-O'Connor, Dennis J., primary, Lin, Din, additional, Ryan, James C., additional, Shvachko, Valentina A., additional, Cozen, Myrna L., additional, Segal, Mark R., additional, Terrault, Norah A., additional, Lanier, Lewis L., additional, Manos, M. Michele, additional, and McCune, Joseph M., additional

Published
2013
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89. Tu1058 Surgical Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma May Confer Survival Advantage Over Radiofrequency Ablation or Locoregional Therapy in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Stage B Patients

Author

Ho, Edith Y., primary, Shen, Hui, additional, Lerrigo, Robert, additional, Arunkumar, Amit, additional, Cozen, Myrna, additional, Trimble, Erica L., additional, Ryan, James C., additional, Corvera, Carlos U., additional, and Monto, Alexander, additional

Published
2013
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