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51. Influence of atmospheric electric fields on the radio emission from extensive air showers

Author

Trinh, T.N.G., Scholten, O., Buitink, S., Berg, A.M. van den, Corstanje, A., Ebert, U., Enriquez, J.E., Falcke, H., Horandel, J.R., Kohn, C., Nelles, A., Rachen, J.P., Rossetto, L., Rutjes, C., Schellart, P., Thoudam, S., Veen, S. ter, Vries, K.D. de, Trinh, T.N.G., Scholten, O., Buitink, S., Berg, A.M. van den, Corstanje, A., Ebert, U., Enriquez, J.E., Falcke, H., Horandel, J.R., Kohn, C., Nelles, A., Rachen, J.P., Rossetto, L., Rutjes, C., Schellart, P., Thoudam, S., Veen, S. ter, and Vries, K.D. de

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 155768.pdf (preprint version ) (Open Access)

Published
2016

53. Evaluation of Monte Carlo tools for high energy atmospheric physics

Author

Rutjes, C. (Casper), Sarria, D. (David), Skeltved, A.B. (Alexander Broberg), Luque, A. (Alejandro), Diniz, G. (Gabriel), Østgaard, N. (Nikolai), Rutjes, C. (Casper), Sarria, D. (David), Skeltved, A.B. (Alexander Broberg), Luque, A. (Alejandro), Diniz, G. (Gabriel), and Østgaard, N. (Nikolai)

Published
2016

59. Influence of atmospheric electric fields on the radio emission from extensive air showers

Author

Trinh, T.N.G. (Gia), Scholten, O. (Olaf), Buitink, S., Berg, A.M. van den, Corstanje, A., Ebert, U. (Ute), Enriquez, J.E., Falcke, H., Hörandel, J.R. (Jörg), Köhn, C. (Christoph), Nelles, A., Rachen, J.P., Rossetto, L., Rutjes, C. (Casper), Schellart, P., Thoudam, S., Veen, S. (Sander) ter, Vries, K.D. de, Trinh, T.N.G. (Gia), Scholten, O. (Olaf), Buitink, S., Berg, A.M. van den, Corstanje, A., Ebert, U. (Ute), Enriquez, J.E., Falcke, H., Hörandel, J.R. (Jörg), Köhn, C. (Christoph), Nelles, A., Rachen, J.P., Rossetto, L., Rutjes, C. (Casper), Schellart, P., Thoudam, S., Veen, S. (Sander) ter, and Vries, K.D. de

Published
2016
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60. Circular polarization of radio emission from air showers in thunderstorm conditions

Author

Trinh, T.N.G. (Gia), Scholten, O. (Olaf), Bonardi, A., Buitink, S., Corstanje, A., Ebert, U. (Ute), Enriquez, J.E., Falcke, H., Hörandel, J.R. (Jörg), Mitra, P., Mulrey, K., Nelles, A., Thoudam, S., Rachen, J.P., Rossetto, L., Rutjes, C. (Casper), Schellart, P., Veen, S. (Sander) ter, Winchen, T., Trinh, T.N.G. (Gia), Scholten, O. (Olaf), Bonardi, A., Buitink, S., Corstanje, A., Ebert, U. (Ute), Enriquez, J.E., Falcke, H., Hörandel, J.R. (Jörg), Mitra, P., Mulrey, K., Nelles, A., Thoudam, S., Rachen, J.P., Rossetto, L., Rutjes, C. (Casper), Schellart, P., Veen, S. (Sander) ter, and Winchen, T.

Abstract

We present measured radio emission from cosmic-ray-induced air showers under thunderstorm conditions. We observe for these events large differences in intensity, linear polarization and circular polarization from the events measured under fair-weather conditions. This can be explained by the effects of atmospheric electric fields in thunderclouds. Therefore, measuring the intensity and polarization of radio emission from cosmic ray extensive air showers during thunderstorm conditions provides a new tool to probe the atmospheric electric fields present in thunderclouds.

Published
2016
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61. Avalanche-to-streamer transition near hydrometeors in thunderstorms

Author

Rutjes, C. (Casper), Camporeale, E. (Enrico), Ebert, U. (Ute), Buitink, S., Scholten, O. (Olaf), Trinh, T.N.G. (Gia), Witteveen, J.A.S. (Jeroen), Rutjes, C. (Casper), Camporeale, E. (Enrico), Ebert, U. (Ute), Buitink, S., Scholten, O. (Olaf), Trinh, T.N.G. (Gia), and Witteveen, J.A.S. (Jeroen)

Published
2016

63. Evaluation of monte carlo tools for high energy atmospheric physics

Author

European Research Council, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Rutjes, C., Sarria, D., Skeltved, A.B., Luque, Alejandro, Diniz, Gabriel, Østgaard, N., Ebert, Ute, European Research Council, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Rutjes, C., Sarria, D., Skeltved, A.B., Luque, Alejandro, Diniz, Gabriel, Østgaard, N., and Ebert, Ute

Abstract

The emerging field of high energy atmospheric physics (HEAP) includes terrestrial gamma-ray flashes, electron-positron beams and gamma-ray glows from thunderstorms. Similar emissions of high energy particles occur in pulsed high voltage discharges. Understanding these phenomena requires appropriate models for the interaction of electrons, positrons and photons of up to 40MeV energy with atmospheric air. In this paper, we benchmark the performance of the Monte Carlo codes Geant4, EGS5 and FLUKA developed in other fields of physics and of the custom-made codes GRRR and MC-PEPTITA against each other within the parameter regime relevant for high energy atmospheric physics. We focus on basic tests, namely on the evolution of monoenergetic and directed beams of electrons, positrons and photons with kinetic energies between 100keV and 40MeV through homogeneous air in the absence of electric and magnetic fields, using a low energy cutoff of 50keV. We discuss important differences between the results of the different codes and provide plausible explanations. We also test the computational performance of the codes. The Supplement contains all results, providing a first benchmark for present and future custom-made codes that are more flexible in including electrodynamic interactions.

Published
2016

64. Influence of atmospheric electric fields on the radio emission from extensive air showers

Author

Trinh, T. N. G., Scholten, O., Buitink, S., van den Berg, A. M., Corstanje, A., Ebert, U., Enriquez, J. E., Falcke, H., Horandel, J. R., Köhn, C., Nelles, A., Rachen, J. P., Rossetto, L., Rutjes, C., Schellart, P., Thoudam, S., ter Veen, S., de Vries, K. D., Trinh, T. N. G., Scholten, O., Buitink, S., van den Berg, A. M., Corstanje, A., Ebert, U., Enriquez, J. E., Falcke, H., Horandel, J. R., Köhn, C., Nelles, A., Rachen, J. P., Rossetto, L., Rutjes, C., Schellart, P., Thoudam, S., ter Veen, S., and de Vries, K. D.

Abstract

The atmospheric electric fields in thunderclouds have been shown to significantly modify the intensity and polarization patterns of the radio footprint of cosmic-ray-induced extensive air showers. Simulations indicated a very nonlinear dependence of the signal strength in the frequency window of 30-80 MHz on the magnitude of the atmospheric electric field. In this work we present an explanation of this dependence based on Monte Carlo simulations, supported by arguments based on electron dynamics in air showers and expressed in terms of a simplified model. We show that by extending the frequency window to lower frequencies, additional sensitivity to the atmospheric electric field is obtained.

Published
2016

65. Troebel Water verhelderd

Author

Penning, W.E., Rutjes, C., Bakker, E.S., Genseberger, M., de Lucas Pardo, M., and Aquatic Ecology (AqE)

Abstract

Veel ondiepe meren en plassen in Nederland zijn nog altijd te troebel. Hoewel algenbloei vaak als boosdoener wordt beschouwd, speelt de opwerveling van sediment ten gevolge van wind, stroming, (macro) fauna en menselijk gebruik ook een belangrijke rol. Recent onderzoek probeert duidelijkheid te verschaffen in de relatieve bijdrage van de belangrijke spelers in het opwoelingsproces.

Published
2014

66. Probing atmospheric electric fields in thunderstorms through radio emission from extensive air showers

Author

Trinh, Gia, primary, Schellart, Pim, additional, Buitink, Stijn, additional, Corstanje, Arthur, additional, Enriquez, Emilio, additional, Falcke, Heino, additional, Hörandel, Jörg R., additional, Nelles, Anna, additional, Rachen, Jörg Paul, additional, Rossetto, Laura, additional, Scholten, Olaf, additional, ter Veen, Sander, additional, Thoudam, Satyendra, additional, van den Berg, A.M., additional, Ebert, U., additional, and Rutjes, C., additional

Published
2016
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67. Influence of atmospheric electric fields on the radio emission from extensive air showers

Author

Trinh, T. N. G., primary, Scholten, O., additional, Buitink, S., additional, van den Berg, A. M., additional, Corstanje, A., additional, Ebert, U., additional, Enriquez, J. E., additional, Falcke, H., additional, Hörandel, J. R., additional, Köhn, C., additional, Nelles, A., additional, Rachen, J. P., additional, Rossetto, L., additional, Rutjes, C., additional, Schellart, P., additional, Thoudam, S., additional, ter Veen, S., additional, and de Vries, K. D., additional

Published
2016
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68. Prediction of lightning inception by large ice particles and extensive air showers

Author

Dubinova, A. (Anna) A., Rutjes, C. (Casper), Ebert, U. (Ute), Buitink, S., Scholten, O. (Olaf), Trinh, T.N.G. (Gia), Dubinova, A. (Anna) A., Rutjes, C. (Casper), Ebert, U. (Ute), Buitink, S., Scholten, O. (Olaf), and Trinh, T.N.G. (Gia)

Abstract

We derive that lightning can start if the electric field is 15% of the breakdown field, and if elongated ice particles of 6 cm length and 100 free electrons per cm3 are present. This is one particular example set from a parameter range that we discuss as well. Our simulations include the permittivity ε(ω) of ice. 100 free electrons per cm3 exist at 5.5 km altitude in air showers created by cosmic particles of at least 5×1015 eV. If the electric field zone is 3 m high and 0.2 km2 in the horizontal direction, at least one discharge per minute can be triggered. The size distribution of the ice particles is crucial for our argument; more detailed measurements would be desirable.

Published
2015
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75. Streamer discharge inception in a sub-breakdown electric field from a dielectric body with a frequency dependent dielectric permittivity

Author

Dubinova, A. (Anna) A., Rutjes, C. (Casper), Ebert, U. (Ute), Dubinova, A. (Anna) A., Rutjes, C. (Casper), and Ebert, U. (Ute)

Abstract

We study positive streamer inception from the tip of an elongated ice particle. The dielectric permittivity of ice drops from 93 to 3 for electric fields changing on the millisecond timescale [1]. We demonstrate that this effect can be important on the nanosecond time scale of streamer discharge development. The effect makes the streamer propagate with only half the velocity it would have for the dielectric permittivity fixed to 93

Published
2015

78. Lightning inception from ice particles and extensive air showers

Author

Dubinova, A. (Anna) A., Rutjes, C. (Casper), Ebert, U. (Ute), Buitink, S., Scholten, O. (Olaf), Trinh, T.N.G. (Gia), Dubinova, A. (Anna) A., Rutjes, C. (Casper), Ebert, U. (Ute), Buitink, S., Scholten, O. (Olaf), and Trinh, T.N.G. (Gia)

Abstract

The electric fields in thunderstorms can exceed the breakdown value locally near ice particles present in thunderclouds. But are fields high enough and the regions large enough to initiate a streamer discharge? And where would a sufficient density of free electrons come from to start the discharge in the humid air that rapidly binds electrons in water-clusters?

Published
2015

79. Probing atmospheric electric fields in thunderstorms through radio emission from extensive air showers

Author

Trinh, T.N.G. (Gia), Schellart, P., Buitink, S., Corstanje, A., Enriquez, J.E., Falcke, H., Hörandel, J.R. (Jörg), Nelles, A., Rachen, J.P., Rossetto, L., Scholten, O. (Olaf), Veen, S. van, Thoudam, S., Berg, A.M. van den, Ebert, U. (Ute), Rutjes, C. (Casper), Trinh, T.N.G. (Gia), Schellart, P., Buitink, S., Corstanje, A., Enriquez, J.E., Falcke, H., Hörandel, J.R. (Jörg), Nelles, A., Rachen, J.P., Rossetto, L., Scholten, O. (Olaf), Veen, S. van, Thoudam, S., Berg, A.M. van den, Ebert, U. (Ute), and Rutjes, C. (Casper)

Published
2015

80. Probing atmospheric electric fields in thunderstorms through radio emission from extensive air showers

Author

Trinh, T.N.G., Schellart, P., Buitink, S., Corstanje, A., Enriquez, J.E., Falcke, H., Hörandel, J.R., Nelles, A., Rachen, J.P., Rossetto, L., Scholten, O., Ter Veen, S., Thoudam, S., van den Berg, A.M., Ebert, U., Rutjes, C., Trinh, T.N.G., Schellart, P., Buitink, S., Corstanje, A., Enriquez, J.E., Falcke, H., Hörandel, J.R., Nelles, A., Rachen, J.P., Rossetto, L., Scholten, O., Ter Veen, S., Thoudam, S., van den Berg, A.M., Ebert, U., and Rutjes, C.

Abstract

We present measurements of radio emission from extensive air showers taking place during thunderstorms. Their intensity and polarization patterns are different from those observed during fair-weather conditions. We introduce a simple two-layer model for atmospheric electric fields which can reproduce the main features of the intensity and polarization patterns of air shower during thunderstorms. This in turn provides a unique way to probe atmospheric electric fields.

Published
2015

81. Probing atmospheric electric fields in thunderstorms through radio emission from cosmic-ray-induced air showers

Author

Schellart, P, Trinh, T. N. G., Buitink, S, Corstanje, Arthur, Enriquez, J.E., Falcke, H, Hörandel, J.R., Nelles, A, Rachen, J.P., Rossetto, L, Scholten, O, Ter Veen, Sander, Thoudam, Satyendra, Ebert, U, Koehn, C, Rutjes, C, Alexov, A., Anderson, J M, Avruch, Ian M., Bentum, M J, Bernardi, G, Best, Phillip, Bonafede, A, Breitling, F, Broderick, J, Bruggen, M, Butcher, Harvey, Ciardi, Benedetta, de Geus, Eugene, de Vos, Marco, Duscha, S, Eisloffel, Jochen, Hoeft, M, Holties, H. A, Juette, E, Kondratiev, V. I., Kuniyoshi, M, Kuper, G., Mann, Gottfried, McFadden, R, McKay-Bukowski, D, McKean, J P, Mevius, Maaijke, Moldon, J, Norden, M J, Orru, Emanuela, Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, Mamta, Pizzo, R, Polatidis, A.G., Reich, W, Rottgering, Hubb, Scaife, Anna, Schwarz, Dominik, Serylak, M, Smirnov, O, Steinmetz, M., Swinbank, J, Tagger, Michel, Tasse, C, van Weeren, Reinout J., Toribio, C., Vermeulen, R.C., Vocks, Christian, Wise, Michael W, Wucknitz, O, Zarka, P, Schellart, P, Trinh, T. N. G., Buitink, S, Corstanje, Arthur, Enriquez, J.E., Falcke, H, Hörandel, J.R., Nelles, A, Rachen, J.P., Rossetto, L, Scholten, O, Ter Veen, Sander, Thoudam, Satyendra, Ebert, U, Koehn, C, Rutjes, C, Alexov, A., Anderson, J M, Avruch, Ian M., Bentum, M J, Bernardi, G, Best, Phillip, Bonafede, A, Breitling, F, Broderick, J, Bruggen, M, Butcher, Harvey, Ciardi, Benedetta, de Geus, Eugene, de Vos, Marco, Duscha, S, Eisloffel, Jochen, Hoeft, M, Holties, H. A, Juette, E, Kondratiev, V. I., Kuniyoshi, M, Kuper, G., Mann, Gottfried, McFadden, R, McKay-Bukowski, D, McKean, J P, Mevius, Maaijke, Moldon, J, Norden, M J, Orru, Emanuela, Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, Mamta, Pizzo, R, Polatidis, A.G., Reich, W, Rottgering, Hubb, Scaife, Anna, Schwarz, Dominik, Serylak, M, Smirnov, O, Steinmetz, M., Swinbank, J, Tagger, Michel, Tasse, C, van Weeren, Reinout J., Toribio, C., Vermeulen, R.C., Vocks, Christian, Wise, Michael W, Wucknitz, O, and Zarka, P

Abstract

We present measurements of radio emission from cosmic ray air showers that took place during thunderstorms. The intensity and polarization patterns of these air showers are radically different from those measured during fair-weather conditions. With the use of a simple two-layer model for the atmospheric electric field, these patterns can be well reproduced by state-of-the-art simulation codes. This in turn provides a novel way to study atmospheric electric fields.

Published
2015

82. Probing Atmospheric Electric Fields in Thunderstorms through Radio Emission from Cosmic-Ray-Induced Air Showers

Author

Schellart, P., primary, Trinh, T. N. G., additional, Buitink, S., additional, Corstanje, A., additional, Enriquez, J. E., additional, Falcke, H., additional, Hörandel, J. R., additional, Nelles, A., additional, Rachen, J. P., additional, Rossetto, L., additional, Scholten, O., additional, ter Veen, S., additional, Thoudam, S., additional, Ebert, U., additional, Koehn, C., additional, Rutjes, C., additional, Alexov, A., additional, Anderson, J. M., additional, Avruch, I. M., additional, Bentum, M. J., additional, Bernardi, G., additional, Best, P., additional, Bonafede, A., additional, Breitling, F., additional, Broderick, J. W., additional, Brüggen, M., additional, Butcher, H. R., additional, Ciardi, B., additional, de Geus, E., additional, de Vos, M., additional, Duscha, S., additional, Eislöffel, J., additional, Fallows, R. A., additional, Frieswijk, W., additional, Garrett, M. A., additional, Grießmeier, J., additional, Gunst, A. W., additional, Heald, G., additional, Hessels, J. W. T., additional, Hoeft, M., additional, Holties, H. A., additional, Juette, E., additional, Kondratiev, V. I., additional, Kuniyoshi, M., additional, Kuper, G., additional, Mann, G., additional, McFadden, R., additional, McKay-Bukowski, D., additional, McKean, J. P., additional, Mevius, M., additional, Moldon, J., additional, Norden, M. J., additional, Orru, E., additional, Paas, H., additional, Pandey-Pommier, M., additional, Pizzo, R., additional, Polatidis, A. G., additional, Reich, W., additional, Röttgering, H., additional, Scaife, A. M. M., additional, Schwarz, D. J., additional, Serylak, M., additional, Smirnov, O., additional, Steinmetz, M., additional, Swinbank, J., additional, Tagger, M., additional, Tasse, C., additional, Toribio, M. C., additional, van Weeren, R. J., additional, Vermeulen, R., additional, Vocks, C., additional, Wise, M. W., additional, Wucknitz, O., additional, and Zarka, P., additional

Published
2015
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85. Effects of atmospheric electric fields on radio emission from air showers

Author

Trinh, T.N.G. (Gia), Scholten, O. (Olaf), Berg, A.M. van den, Buitink, S., Ebert, U. (Ute), Rutjes, C. (Casper), Köhn, C. (Christoph), Trinh, T.N.G. (Gia), Scholten, O. (Olaf), Berg, A.M. van den, Buitink, S., Ebert, U. (Ute), Rutjes, C. (Casper), and Köhn, C. (Christoph)

Published
2014

86. Troebel water verhelderd

Author

Penning, E., Rutjes, C., Bakker, L., Genseberger, M., Lucas Pardo, M. de, Geest, G. van, Penning, E., Rutjes, C., Bakker, L., Genseberger, M., Lucas Pardo, M. de, and Geest, G. van

Abstract

Veel ondiepe meren en plassen in Nederland zijn nog altijd te troebel. Hoewel algenbloei vaak als boosdoener wordt beschouwd, speelt de opwerveling van sediment ten gevolge van wind, stroming, (macro)fauna en menselijk gebruik ook een belangrijke rol. Recent onderzoek probeert duidelijkheid te verschaffen in de relatieve bijdrage van de belangrijke spelers in het opwoelingsproces.

Published
2014

87. Van scheepvaartkanaal naar visbiotoop

Author

Rutjes, C. and Rutjes, C.

Abstract

Voor de meeste vissoorten vormen scheepvaartkanalen een onaantrekkelijk leefgebied. Het bodemprofiel is er zeer eentonig, de oevers zijn kunstmatig en steil, vanwege golfslag en turbulentie door scheepvaart krijgen oever- en waterplanten geen kans om zich te vestigen, en ondiepe, stroomluwe plekken zijn nauwelijks aanwezig. Rijkswaterstaat heeft laten onderzoeken of de aanleg van natuurvriendelijke oevers scheepvaartkanalen aantrekkelijker maakt voor vissen

Published
2009

88. gebruik van KRW-maatlatten voor vis in kleine brakke wateren

Author

Rutjes, C., Quist, W., Bergsma, J., Dubbeldam, M., Rutjes, C., Quist, W., Bergsma, J., and Dubbeldam, M.

Abstract

Onder de kleine brakke wateren binnen de Kaderrichtlijn water valt een diversiteit aan wateren waar, onder natuurlijke omstandigheden, fundamentele verschillen in de visfauna voorkomen. Daardoor is gebruik en toetsen aan de vismaatlat anders dan alle andere maatlatten. Hoe deze maatlat toegepast kan worden is landelijk niet scherp afgestemd en voor interpretatie vatbaar. Dit kan leiden tot grote variatie in uitkomsten. In dit artikel laten de auteurs zien hoe verschillen in gebruik van de maatlat kunnen leiden tot verschillende antwoorden. Hierdoor kunnen KRW-scores op de vismaatlat gemakkelijk klassegrenzen overschrijden wat voor waterbeheerders belangrijke implicaties heeft.

Published
2008

89. Probing atmospheric electric fields in thunderstorms through radio emission from extensive air showers

Author

Trinh, T. N. G., Schellart, P., Buitink, S., Corstanje, A., Enriquez, J. E., Falcke, H., Hörandel, J. R., Nelles, A., Rachen, J. P., Rossetto, L., Scholten, O., Ter Veen, S., Thoudam, S., Den Berg, A. M., Ute Ebert, Rutjes, C., Multiscale Dynamics, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, and Elementary Processes in Gas Discharges

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract

We present measurements of radio emission from extensive air showers taking place during thunderstorms. Their intensity and polarization patterns are different from those observed during fair-weather conditions. We introduce a simple two-layer model for atmospheric electric fields which can reproduce the main features of the intensity and polarization patterns of air shower during thunderstorms. This in turn provides a unique way to probe atmospheric electric fields.

90. Determining Electric Fields in Thunderclouds With the Radiotelescope LOFAR

Author

Trinh, T. N. G., Scholten, O., Buitink, S., Ebert, U., Hare, B. M., Krehbiel, P. R., Leijnse, H., Bonardi, A., Corstanje, A., Falcke, H., Huege, T., Hörandel, J. R., Krampah, G. K., Mitra, P., Mulrey, K., Nelles, A., Pandya, H., Rachen, J. P., Rossetto, L., Rutjes, C., Veen, S., and Winchen, T.

Subjects
13. Climate action

91. Determining Electric Fields in Thunderclouds With the Radiotelescope LOFAR

Author

Trinh, T. N. G., Scholten, O., Buitink, S., Ebert, U., Hare, B. M., Krehbiel, P. R., Leijnse, H., Bonardi, A., Corstanje, A., Falcke, H., Huege, T., Hörandel, J. R., Krampah, G. K., Mitra, P., Mulrey, K., Nelles, A., Pandya, H., Rachen, J. P., Rossetto, L., Rutjes, C., Veen, S. Ter, and Winchen, T.

Subjects
13. Climate action
Abstract

Journal of geophysical research / D 125(8), 20 (2020). doi:10.1029/2019JD031433, An analysis is presented of electric fields in thunderclouds using a recently proposed method based on measuring radio emission from extensive air shower events during thunderstorm conditions. This method can be regarded as a tomography of thunderclouds using cosmic rays as probes. The data cover the period from December 2011 till August 2014. We have developed an improved fitting procedure to be able to analyze the data. Our measurements show evidence for the main negative‐charge layer near the −10° isotherm. This we have seen for a winter as well as for a summer cloud where multiple events pass through the same cloud and also the vertical component of the electric field could be reconstructed. On the day of measurement of some cosmic‐ray events showing evidence for strong fields, no lightning activity was detected within 100 km distance. For the winter events, the top heights were between 5 and 6 km, while in the summer, typical top heights of 9 km were seen. Large horizontal components in excess of 70 kV/m of the electric fields are observed in the middle and top layers., Published by Wiley, Hoboken, NJ

92. Probing Atmospheric Electric Fields in Thunderstorms through Radio Emission from Cosmic-Ray-Induced Air Showers

Author

A. Alexov, M. Serylak, M. A. Garrett, E. Juette, B. Ciardi, C. Tasse, C. Koehn, M. Kuniyoshi, Dominik J. Schwarz, M. C. Toribio, A. Nelles, F. Breitling, Jean-Mathias Grießmeier, John McKean, John D. Swinbank, Jochen Eislöffel, W. Reich, J. Moldon, Maaijke Mevius, Marcus Brüggen, Casper Rutjes, R. J. van Weeren, Emanuela Orrú, J. W. Broderick, A. G. Polatidis, Rebecca McFadden, D. McKay-Bukowski, E. de Geus, Heino Falcke, M. J. Norden, V. I. Kondratiev, Harvey Butcher, M. Pandey-Pommier, Philip Best, Pim Schellart, Jason W. T. Hessels, Philippe Zarka, S. Duscha, Richard Fallows, Arthur Corstanje, Matthias Steinmetz, H. Paas, Ute Ebert, G. Kuper, Olaf Scholten, H. J. A. Röttgering, Oleg Smirnov, R. Vermeulen, Annalisa Bonafede, Mark J. Bentum, Michel Tagger, Michael W. Wise, Jörg P. Rachen, Gianni Bernardi, Jörg R. Hörandel, H. A. Holties, Olaf Wucknitz, T. N. G. Trinh, J. E. Enriquez, S. ter Veen, A. W. Gunst, M. de Vos, I. M. Avruch, Laura Rossetto, James M. Anderson, Gottfried Mann, Stijn Buitink, Roberto Pizzo, Wilfred Frieswijk, Christian Vocks, Satyendra Thoudam, Anna M. M. Scaife, Matthias Hoeft, George Heald, Department of Astrophysics [Nijmegen], Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud University [Nijmegen]-Radboud University [Nijmegen], KVI Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen [Groningen], Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIFR), National Institute for Subatomic Physics [Amsterdam] (NIKHEF), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI), Space Telescope Science Institute (STSci), GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, Institute for Astronomy [Edinburgh] (IfA), University of Edinburgh, University of Hamburg, Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), Oxford Astrophysics, University of Oxford, University of Southampton, Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics [Canberra] (RSAA), Australian National University (ANU), Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (TLS), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Astronomisches Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Ruhr-Universität Bochum [Bochum], National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), University of Oulu, Center for Information Technology CIT, Université de Groningen, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden, Universität Bielefeld = Bielefeld University, SKA South Africa, Ska South Africa, Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek (AI PANNEKOEK), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NOVA, SNN and FOM as well as from NWO, VENI Grant No. 639-041-130, European Project: 227610,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2008-AdG,LOFAR-AUGER(2009), High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Schellart, P., Trinh, T.N.G., Buitink, S., Corstanje, A., Enriquez, J.E., Falcke, H., Hörandel, J.R., Nelles, A., Rachen, J.P., Rossetto, L., Scholten, O., Ter Veen, S., Thoudam, S., Ebert, U., Koehn, C., Rutjes, C., Alexov, A., Anderson, J.M., Avruch, I.M., Bentum, M.J., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Bonafede, A., Breitling, F., Broderick, J.W., Brüggen, M., Butcher, H.R., Ciardi, B., De Geus, E., De Vos, M., Duscha, S., Eislöffel, J., Fallows, R.A., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M.A., Grießmeier, J., Gunst, A.W., Heald, G., Hessels, J.W.T., Hoeft, M., Holties, H.A., Juette, E., Kondratiev, V.I., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., Mann, G., McFadden, R., McKay-Bukowski, D., McKean, J.P., Mevius, M., Moldon, J., Norden, M.J., Orru, E., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A.G., Reich, W., Röttgering, H., Scaife, A.M.M., Schwarz, D.J., Serylak, M., Smirnov, O., Steinmetz, M., Swinbank, J., Tagger, M., Tasse, C., Toribio, M.C., Van Weeren, R.J., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., Wise, M.W., Wucknitz, O., Zarka, P., Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, Elementary Processes in Gas Discharges, Center for Wireless Technology Eindhoven, Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Group, Elementary Particle Physics, Multiscale Dynamics, Radboud university [Nijmegen]-Radboud university [Nijmegen], Harvard University [Cambridge]-Smithsonian Institution, University of Oxford [Oxford], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Universität Bielefeld, ITA, GBR, FRA, DEU, and NLD

Subjects
Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Neutrino muon pion and other elementary particles, Physics and Astronomy (all), cosmic rays, IR-99169, Atmospheric electricity lightning, Electric field, Extensive air showers, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), METIS-315601, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Astroparticle physics, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, EWI-26542, LOFAR, Polarization (waves), SIMULATIONS, COREAS, 13. Climate action, Experimental High Energy Physics, Thunderstorm, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, ARRAY, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present measurements of radio emission from cosmic ray air showers that took place during thunderstorms. The intensity and polarization patterns of these air showers are radically different from those measured during fair-weather conditions. With the use of a simple two-layer model for the atmospheric electric field, these patterns can be well reproduced by state-of-the-art simulation codes. This in turn provides a novel way to study atmospheric electric fields., 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters

Published
2015

95. Amelanotic/hypopigmented melanoma in a sibship with oculocutaneous albinism.

Author

Maas EJ, Wallingford CK, McGuire JJ, Rutjes C, Smit DJ, Betz-Stablein B, Sturm RA, Soyer HP, and McInerney-Leo AM

Subjects
Female, Humans, Male, Membrane Transport Proteins genetics, Monophenol Monooxygenase, Mutation, Pedigree, Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant, Albinism, Oculocutaneous genetics, Melanoma, Amelanotic, Skin Neoplasms genetics
Abstract

Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a rare condition characterized by hypopigmentation. A female proband and her sister, both with primary amelanotic/hypopigmented melanoma, underwent three-dimensional total-body photography and dermoscopy. Both sisters had exome sequencing along with their brother, who had OCA but no history of melanoma. Imaging analysis was consistent with OCA in terms of individual typology angle scores, degree of sun damage, and high naevus counts. Exome data filtered for variants in known OCA and melanoma/naevi susceptibility genes (n = 98) found all siblings were compound heterozygous for TYR mutations (Arg402Ter and Val275Phe), previously reported as causative OCA variants. A rare missense variant in PARP1 (p.Pro377Ser) was solely present in the melanoma-unaffected brother, which is noteworthy as this was previously reported as potentially protective in a familial melanoma pedigree positive for CDKN2A mutations. Evaluation and confirmation of functional impact in larger cohorts could personalize melanoma screening in OCA., (© 2022 Japanese Dermatological Association.)

Published
2022
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97. The Additive Value of 3D Total Body Imaging for Sequential Monitoring of Skin Lesions: A Case Series.

Author

Grochulska K, Betz-Stablein B, Rutjes C, Chiu FP, Menzies SW, Soyer HP, and Janda M

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Multimodal Imaging methods, Skin diagnostic imaging, Dermoscopy methods, Imaging, Three-Dimensional methods, Melanoma diagnostic imaging, Photography methods, Skin Neoplasms diagnostic imaging
Abstract

Background: Timely diagnosis is the cornerstone of melanoma morbidity and mortality reduction. 2D total body photography and dermoscopy are routinely used to assist with early detection of skin malignancies. Polarized 3D total body photography is a novel technique that enables fast image acquisition of almost the entire skin surface. We aimed to determine the added value of 3D total body photography alongside dermoscopy for monitoring cutaneous lesions., Methods: Lesion images from high-risk individuals were assessed for long-term substantial changes via dermoscopy and 3D total body photography. Three case studies are presented demonstrating how 3D total body photography may enhance lesion analysis alongside traditional dermoscopy., Results: 3D total body photography can assist clinicians by presenting cutaneous lesions in their skin ecosystem, thereby providing additional clinical context and enabling a more holistic assessment to aid dermoscopy interpretation. For lesion cases where previous dermoscopy is unavailable, corresponding 3D images can substitute for baseline dermoscopy. Additionally, 3D total body photography is not susceptible to artificial stretch artefacts., Conclusion: 3D total body photography is valuable alongside dermoscopy for monitoring cutaneous lesions. Furthermore, it is capable of surveilling almost the entire skin surface, including areas not traditionally monitored by sequential imaging., (© 2021 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Published
2022
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98. Short-Term Lesion Change Detection for Melanoma Screening With Novel Siamese Neural Network.

Author

Zhang B, Wang Z, Gao J, Rutjes C, Nufer K, Tao D, Feng DD, and Menzies SW

Subjects
Dermoscopy, Humans, Neural Networks, Computer, Melanoma diagnostic imaging, Skin Neoplasms diagnostic imaging
Abstract

Short-term monitoring of lesion changes has been a widely accepted clinical guideline for melanoma screening. When there is a significant change of a melanocytic lesion at three months, the lesion will be excised to exclude melanoma. However, the decision on change or no-change heavily depends on the experience and bias of individual clinicians, which is subjective. For the first time, a novel deep learning based method is developed in this paper for automatically detecting short-term lesion changes in melanoma screening. The lesion change detection is formulated as a task measuring the similarity between two dermoscopy images taken for a lesion in a short time-frame, and a novel Siamese structure based deep network is proposed to produce the decision: changed (i.e. not similar) or unchanged (i.e. similar enough). Under the Siamese framework, a novel structure, namely Tensorial Regression Process, is proposed to extract the global features of lesion images, in addition to deep convolutional features. In order to mimic the decision-making process of clinicians who often focus more on regions with specific patterns when comparing a pair of lesion images, a segmentation loss (SegLoss) is further devised and incorporated into the proposed network as a regularization term. To evaluate the proposed method, an in-house dataset with 1,000 pairs of lesion images taken in a short time-frame at a clinical melanoma centre was established. Experimental results on this first-of-a-kind large dataset indicate that the proposed model is promising in detecting the short-term lesion change for objective melanoma screening.

Published
2021
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99. Using the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction to Understand Female Breast Cancer Survivors' Barriers and Facilitators for Adherence to a Community-Based Group-Exercise Program.

Author

Jones LM, Reinhoudt LL, Hilverda F, Rutjes C, and Hayes SC

Subjects
Attitude to Health, Community Health Services organization & administration, Exercise Therapy methods, Exercise Therapy nursing, Female, Focus Groups, Humans, Program Development methods, Qualitative Research, Breast Neoplasms rehabilitation, Cancer Survivors psychology, Exercise Therapy psychology
Abstract

Objectives: To identify facilitators and barriers associated with adherence to the EXPINKT exercise program for breast cancer survivors in a convenience sample of women., Data Sources: Focus groups discussions; The Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction., Conclusion: Findings suggest that program adherence could be achieved by the establishment, via staff and processes, of a positive and safe exercise environment, which instills a sense of accountability while developing exercise self-efficacy. Further, multiple referral pathways and promotion of exercise benefit during and following treatment by oncology nurses may assist in enrolment in the program., Implications for Nursing Practice: Oncology nurses may play a unique role in informing and stimulating female breast cancer survivors to partake in breast cancer-specific exercise programs. Results of this study show that most women are unaware of the benefits related to exercising in relation to cancer recovery, as well as the existence of breast cancer-specific exercise programs. Therefore, oncology nurses may play an important role in creating this awareness. Furthermore, shaping a route to adherence to such exercise programs is essential for breast cancer survivors to become and stay sufficiently active., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2020
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100. Prediction of Lightning Inception by Large Ice Particles and Extensive Air Showers.

Author

Dubinova A, Rutjes C, Ebert U, Buitink S, Scholten O, and Trinh GT

Abstract

We derive that lightning can start if the electric field is 15% of the breakdown field, and if elongated ice particles of 6 cm length and 100 free electrons per cm3 are present. This is one particular example set from a parameter range that we discuss as well. Our simulations include the permittivity ε(ω) of ice. 100 free electrons per cm3 exist at 5.5 km altitude in air showers created by cosmic particles of at least 5×10(15)  eV. If the electric field zone is 3 m high and 0.2  km2 in the horizontal direction, at least one discharge per minute can be triggered. The size distribution of the ice particles is crucial for our argument; more detailed measurements would be desirable.

Published
2015
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