42,192 results on '"Russell, J."'
Search Results
52. Joint Modelling of Latent Cognitive Mechanisms Shared Across Decision-Making Domains
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Stevenson, Niek, Innes, Reilly J., Boag, Russell J., Miletić, Steven, Isherwood, Scott J. S., Trutti, Anne C., Heathcote, Andrew, and Forstmann, Birte U.
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- 2024
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53. Twenty years of participation of racialised groups in type 2 diabetes randomised clinical trials: a meta-epidemiological review
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Ahmed, Rabeeyah, de Souza, Russell J., Li, Vincent, Banfield, Laura, and Anand, Sonia S.
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- 2024
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54. Engineered and total biosynthesis of fungal specialized metabolites
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Cox, Russell J.
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- 2024
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55. Abell 1201: Detection of an Ultramassive Black Hole in a Strong Gravitational Lens
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Nightingale, James. W., Smith, Russell J., He, Qiuhan, O'Riordan, Conor M., Kegerreis, Jacob A., Amvrosiadis, Aristeidis, Edge, Alastair C., Etherington, Amy, Hayes, Richard G., Kelly, Ash, Lucey, John R., and Massey, Richard J. Massey Richard J.
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Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology - Abstract
Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are a key catalyst of galaxy formation and evolution, leading to an observed correlation between SMBH mass $M_{\rm BH}$ and host galaxy velocity dispersion $\sigma_{\rm e}$. Outside the local Universe, measurements of $M_{\rm BH}$ are usually only possible for SMBHs in an active state: limiting sample size and introducing selection biases. Gravitational lensing makes it possible to measure the mass of non-active SMBHs. We present models of the $z=0.169$ galaxy-scale strong lens Abell~1201. A cD galaxy in a galaxy cluster, it has sufficient `external shear' that a magnified image of a $z = 0.451$ background galaxy is projected just $\sim 1$ kpc from the galaxy centre. Using multi-band Hubble Space Telescope imaging and the lens modeling software $\texttt{PyAutoLens}$ we reconstruct the distribution of mass along this line of sight. Bayesian model comparison favours a point mass with $M_{\rm BH} = 3.27 \pm 2.12\times10^{10}\,$M$_{\rm \odot}$ (3$\sigma$ confidence limit); an ultramassive black hole. One model gives a comparable Bayesian evidence without a SMBH, however we argue this model is nonphysical given its base assumptions. This model still provides an upper limit of $M_{\rm BH} \leq 5.3 \times 10^{10}\,$M$_{\rm \odot}$, because a SMBH above this mass deforms the lensed image $\sim 1$ kpc from Abell 1201's centre. This builds on previous work using central images to place upper limits on $M_{\rm BH}$, but is the first to also place a lower limit and without a central image being observed. The success of this method suggests that surveys during the next decade could measure thousands more SMBH masses, and any redshift evolution of the $M_{\rm BH}$--$\sigma_{\rm e}$ relation. Results are available at https://github.com/Jammy2211/autolens_abell_1201., Comment: Accepted in MNRAS, 27 pages, 22 figures
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- 2023
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56. Observation of Conventional Near Room Temperature Superconductivity in Carbonaceous Sulfur Hydride
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Pasan, Hiranya, Snider, Elliot, Munasinghe, Sasanka, Dissanayake, Sachith E., Salke, Nilesh P., Ahart, Muhtar, Khalvashi-Sutter, Nugzari, Dasenbrock-Gammon, Nathan, McBride, Raymond, Smith, G. Alexander, Mostafaeipour, Faraz, Smith, Dean, Cortés, Sergio Villa, Xiao, Yuming, Kenney-Benson, Curtis, Park, Changyong, Prakapenka, Vitali, Chariton, Stella, Lawler, Keith V., Somayazulu, Maddury, Liu, Zhenxian, Hemley, Russell J., Salamat, Ashkan, and Dias, Ranga P.
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Condensed Matter - Superconductivity - Abstract
The phenomenon of high temperature superconductivity, approaching room temperature, has been realized in a number of hydrogen-dominant alloy systems under high pressure conditions1-12. A significant discovery in reaching room temperature superconductivity is the photo-induced reaction of sulfur, hydrogen, and carbon that initially forms of van der Waals solids at sub-megabar pressures. Carbonaceous sulfur hydride has been demonstrated to be tunable with respect to carbon content, leading to different superconducting final states with different structural symmetries. A modulated AC susceptibility technique adapted for a diamond anvil cell confirms a Tc of 260 kelvin at 133 GPa in carbonaceous sulfur hydride. Furthermore, direct synchrotron infrared reflectivity measurements on the same sample under the same conditions reveal a superconducting gap of ~85 meV at 100 K in close agreement to the expected value from Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory13-18. Additionally, x-ray diffraction in tandem with AC magnetic susceptibility measurements above and below the superconducting transition temperature, and as a function of pressure at 107-133 GPa, reveal the Pnma structure of the material is responsible for the close to room-temperature superconductivity at these pressures.
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- 2023
57. Combinatorial metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis of muscle growth in hybrid striped bass (female white bass Morone chrysops x male striped bass M. saxatilis)
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Sarah A. S. Rajab, Linnea K. Andersen, Linas W. Kenter, David L. Berlinsky, Russell J. Borski, Andrew S. McGinty, Christopher M. Ashwell, Peter R. Ferket, Harry V. Daniels, and Benjamin J. Reading
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Machine learning ,Genome ,Growth ,Fish ,Striped bass ,Metabolomics ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Abstract Background Understanding growth regulatory pathways is important in aquaculture, fisheries, and vertebrate physiology generally. Machine learning pattern recognition and sensitivity analysis were employed to examine metabolomic small molecule profiles and transcriptomic gene expression data generated from liver and white skeletal muscle of hybrid striped bass (white bass Morone chrysops x striped bass M. saxatilis) representative of the top and bottom 10 % by body size of a production cohort. Results Larger fish (good-growth) had significantly greater weight, total length, hepatosomatic index, and specific growth rate compared to smaller fish (poor-growth) and also had significantly more muscle fibers of smaller diameter (≤ 20 µm diameter), indicating active hyperplasia. Differences in metabolomic pathways included enhanced energetics (glycolysis, citric acid cycle) and amino acid metabolism in good-growth fish, and enhanced stress, muscle inflammation (cortisol, eicosanoids) and dysfunctional liver cholesterol metabolism in poor-growth fish. The majority of gene transcripts identified as differentially expressed between groups were down-regulated in good-growth fish. Several molecules associated with important growth-regulatory pathways were up-regulated in muscle of fish that grew poorly: growth factors including agt and agtr2 (angiotensins), nicotinic acid (which stimulates growth hormone production), gadd45b, rgl1, zfp36, cebpb, and hmgb1; insulin-like growth factor signaling (igfbp1 and igf1); cytokine signaling (socs3, cxcr4); cell signaling (rgs13, rundc3a), and differentiation (rhou, mmp17, cd22, msi1); mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (ucp3, ucp2); and regulators of lipid metabolism (apoa1, ldlr). Growth factors pttg1, egfr, myc, notch1, and sirt1 were notably up-regulated in muscle of good-growing fish. Conclusion A combinatorial pathway analysis using metabolomic and transcriptomic data collectively suggested promotion of cell signaling, proliferation, and differentiation in muscle of good-growth fish, whereas muscle inflammation and apoptosis was observed in poor-growth fish, along with elevated cortisol (an anti-inflammatory hormone), perhaps related to muscle wasting, hypertrophy, and inferior growth. These findings provide important biomarkers and mechanisms by which growth is regulated in fishes and other vertebrates as well.
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- 2024
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58. Principles of musculoskeletal sport injuries for epidemiologists: a review
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Chinchin Wang, Steven D. Stovitz, Jay S. Kaufman, Russell J. Steele, and Ian Shrier
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Sport injuries ,Musculoskeletal system ,Epidemiology ,Strains and sprains ,Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,RC86-88.9 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Musculoskeletal injuries are a common occurrence in sport. The goal of sport injury epidemiology is to study these injuries at a population level to inform their prevention and treatment. Main body This review provides an overview of musculoskeletal sport injuries and the musculoskeletal system from a biological and epidemiologic perspective, including injury mechanism, categorizations and types of sport injuries, healing, and subsequent injuries. It is meant to provide a concise introductory substantive background of musculoskeletal sport injuries for epidemiologists who may not have formal training in the underlying anatomy and pathophysiology. Conclusion An understanding of sport injuries is important for researchers in sport injury epidemiology when determining how to best define and assess their research questions and measures.
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- 2024
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59. High-temperature concomitant metal-insulator and spin-reorientation transitions in a compressed nodal-line ferrimagnet Mn3Si2Te6
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Resta A. Susilo, Chang Il Kwon, Yoonhan Lee, Nilesh P. Salke, Chandan De, Junho Seo, Beomtak Kang, Russell J. Hemley, Philip Dalladay-Simpson, Zifan Wang, Duck Young Kim, Kyoo Kim, Sang-Wook Cheong, Han Woong Yeom, Kee Hoon Kim, and Jun Sung Kim
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Science - Abstract
Abstract Symmetry-protected band degeneracy, coupled with a magnetic order, is the key to realizing novel magnetoelectric phenomena in topological magnets. While the spin-polarized nodal states have been identified to introduce extremely-sensitive electronic responses to the magnetic states, their possible role in determining magnetic ground states has remained elusive. Here, taking external pressure as a control knob, we show that a metal-insulator transition, a spin-reorientation transition, and a structural modification occur concomitantly when the nodal-line state crosses the Fermi level in a ferrimagnetic semiconductor Mn3Si2Te6. These unique pressure-driven magnetic and electronic transitions, associated with the dome-shaped T c variation up to nearly room temperature, originate from the interplay between the spin-orbit coupling of the nodal-line state and magnetic frustration of localized spins. Our findings highlight that the nodal-line states, isolated from other trivial states, can facilitate strongly tunable magnetic properties in topological magnets.
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- 2024
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60. Use of an App with Embedded Video Modeling to Increase Eye Contact
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Polychronis, Shamby C., Johnson, Andrea, Thelin, Russell J., Eggett, Dennis L., and Christensen, Jaime
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The use of mobile applications (apps) is popular among parents and teachers due to their cost-effectiveness and ease of implementation, and the number of apps with the specific aim to increase eye contact for children with autism is growing rapidly. However, research is limited to assess the efficiency of the majority of the apps available for educational purposes. This study was conducted to determine whether the addition of video modeling via an app to ongoing classroom instruction could increase eye contact with familiar and unfamiliar people in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). An experimental pretest-posttest control group design was applied with a full intervention group, a partial intervention group, and a control group. Forty-four U.S. students diagnosed with ASD, in kindergarten through third grade, engaged with social skill modules using an iPad app called We Are Friends. The frequency and duration of eye contact were measured. A 3-month follow-up test was given to determine maintenance. Results suggest the addition of the app was effective in increasing eye contact in children with ASD with both familiar and unfamiliar individuals.
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- 2023
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61. Camera trapping in Southern Vietnam: unveiling relative abundance, activity patterns, and conservation challenges of globally threatened pangolins and small carnivores
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Gray, Russell J., Nguyen, Tan Van, Cao, Long Nhat, Trinh, Mai Thi, Pham, Thong Van, Nguyen, Huyen Thi Thanh, Willcox, Daniel, Le, Dzung Van, and Nguyen, Thai Van
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- 2024
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62. NFKB2 haploinsufficiency identified via screening for IFN-α2 autoantibodies in children and adolescents hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2–related complications
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Bodansky, Aaron, Vazquez, Sara E, Chou, Janet, Novak, Tanya, Al-Musa, Amer, Young, Cameron, Newhams, Margaret, Kucukak, Suden, Zambrano, Laura D, Mitchell, Anthea, Wang, Chung-Yu, Moffitt, Kristin, Halasa, Natasha B, Loftis, Laura L, Schwartz, Stephanie P, Walker, Tracie C, Mack, Elizabeth H, Fitzgerald, Julie C, Gertz, Shira J, Rowan, Courtney M, Irby, Katherine, Sanders, Ronald C, Kong, Michele, Schuster, Jennifer E, Staat, Mary A, Zinter, Matt S, Cvijanovich, Natalie Z, Tarquinio, Keiko M, Coates, Bria M, Flori, Heidi R, Dahmer, Mary K, Crandall, Hillary, Cullimore, Melissa L, Levy, Emily R, Chatani, Brandon, Nofziger, Ryan, Investigators, Overcoming COVID-19 Network Study Group, Yates, Masson, Smith, Chelsea, Zinter, MattS, McLaughlin, Gwenn, Randolph, Adrienne G, Newhams, Margaret M, Moon, Hye Kyung, Kobayashi, Takuma, Melo, Jeni, Chen, Sabrina R, Behl, Supriya, Drapeau, Noelle M, McCulloh, Russell J, Nofziger, Ryan A, Staat, Mary Allen, Rohlfs, Chelsea C, Reed, Nelson, Geha, Raif S, DeRisi, Joseph, Campbell, Angela P, and Anderson, Mark
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Lung ,Vaccine Related ,Infectious Diseases ,Rare Diseases ,Pneumonia ,Clinical Research ,Prevention ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Biodefense ,Pediatric ,Genetics ,Autoimmune Disease ,Aetiology ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Inflammatory and immune system ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Humans ,Child ,Adolescent ,SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,Autoantibodies ,NF-kappa B ,Haploinsufficiency ,Leukocytes ,Mononuclear ,Interferon Type I ,NF-kappa B p52 Subunit ,Anti-interferon autoantibody ,MIS-C ,NFKB2 ,inborn errors of immunity ,Overcoming COVID-19 Network Study Group Investigators ,Immunology ,Allergy - Abstract
BackgroundAutoantibodies against type I IFNs occur in approximately 10% of adults with life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The frequency of anti-IFN autoantibodies in children with severe sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is unknown.ObjectiveWe quantified anti-type I IFN autoantibodies in a multicenter cohort of children with severe COVID-19, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), and mild SARS-CoV-2 infections.MethodsCirculating anti-IFN-α2 antibodies were measured by a radioligand binding assay. Whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and functional studies of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used to study any patients with levels of anti-IFN-α2 autoantibodies exceeding the assay's positive control.ResultsAmong 168 patients with severe COVID-19, 199 with MIS-C, and 45 with mild SARS-CoV-2 infections, only 1 had high levels of anti-IFN-α2 antibodies. Anti-IFN-α2 autoantibodies were not detected in patients treated with intravenous immunoglobulin before sample collection. Whole-exome sequencing identified a missense variant in the ankyrin domain of NFKB2, encoding the p100 subunit of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells, aka NF-κB, essential for noncanonical NF-κB signaling. The patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells exhibited impaired cleavage of p100 characteristic of NFKB2 haploinsufficiency, an inborn error of immunity with a high prevalence of autoimmunity.ConclusionsHigh levels of anti-IFN-α2 autoantibodies in children and adolescents with MIS-C, severe COVID-19, and mild SARS-CoV-2 infections are rare but can occur in patients with inborn errors of immunity.
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- 2023
63. Newborn Screening Cases: Abnormal Newborn Neuromuscular Screening
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Newcomb, Tara, primary, Butterfield, Russell J., additional, and M. Kerr, Lynne, additional
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- 2024
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64. Neurologic and Muscular Cases: Abnormal Gait in a Toddler
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Newcomb, Tara, primary, Butterfield, Russell J., additional, and Kerr, Lynne M., additional
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- 2024
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65. Contributors
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Albokhari, Daniah, primary, Ayoubieh, Houriya, additional, Balwani, Manisha, additional, Barry, Jessica C., additional, Blagowidow, Natalie, additional, Bodurtha, Joann, additional, Bottini, Alexander, additional, Brewer, Takae M., additional, Brodie, Scott, additional, Brown, Emily E., additional, Bush, Lynn Wein, additional, Butterfield, Russell J., additional, Campbell, Kirk, additional, Clemens, Douglas K., additional, Corson, Virginia L., additional, Cytrynbaum, Cheryl, additional, Dedania, Vaidehi, additional, Diaz, George A., additional, Dietz, Harry C., additional, Dinulos, Mary Beth Palko, additional, Eng, Christine M., additional, Eng, Charis, additional, Fan, Audrey L., additional, Francomano, Clair A., additional, Frucht, Steven J., additional, Ganesh, Jaya, additional, Gelb, Bruce D., additional, Goduni, Lediana, additional, Gu, Shen, additional, Gupta, Isha, additional, Hagerman, Randi J., additional, Hall, Judith G., additional, Hoover-Fong, Julie, additional, Hudgins, Louanne, additional, Iverson, Ayuko, additional, Jabs, Ethylin Wang, additional, James, Cynthia A., additional, Jari, Shama, additional, Keppler-Noreuil, Kim M., additional, Kerr, Lynne M., additional, Kimball, Amy, additional, Kline, Antonie D., additional, Kline, Joel N., additional, Kritzer, Amy, additional, Lambert, Michele P., additional, Lew, Cheryl D., additional, Li, Shao-Tzu, additional, MacCarrick, Gretchen, additional, Matalon, Dena R., additional, McDonald-McGinn, Donna M., additional, McMahon, Francis J., additional, Meliambro, Kristin, additional, Moore, Rebekah A., additional, Murray, Brittney, additional, Newcomb, Tara, additional, Ngeow, Joanne, additional, Ogawa, Jessica, additional, Patel, Dhruv K., additional, Pollin, Toni I., additional, Prasun, Pankaj, additional, Puliaiev, Maksym, additional, Pyeritz, Reed E., additional, Rasmussen, Sonja A., additional, Riboldi, Giulietta Maria, additional, Schecter, Scott M., additional, Scheuerle, Angela E., additional, Scott, Stuart A., additional, Shankar, Suma, additional, Slavotinek, Anne, additional, Smith-Hicks, Constance L., additional, Stewart, Rosalyn W., additional, Trandafir, Cristina, additional, Triano, Vivian Narcisa, additional, Vernon, Hilary J., additional, Wasserstein, Melissa P., additional, Webb, Bryn D., additional, Weksberg, Rosanna, additional, and Yuan, Bo, additional
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- 2024
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66. Neurologic and Muscular Disease: Clubfeet and Lack of Facial Expression
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Newcomb, Tara, primary, Butterfield, Russell J., additional, and Kerr, Lynne M., additional
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- 2024
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67. Structure and equation of state of $Bi_2Sr_2Ca_{n-1}Cu_nO_{2n+4+\delta}$ from x-ray diffraction to megabar pressures
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Mark, Alexander C., Ahart, Muhtar, Kumar, Ravhi, Park, Changyong, Meng, Yue, Popov, Dmitry, Deng, Liangzi, Chu, Ching-Wu, Campuzano, Juan Carlos, and Hemley, Russell J.
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Condensed Matter - Superconductivity - Abstract
Pressure is a unique tuning parameter for probing the properties of materials and has been particularly useful for studies of electronic materials such as high-temperature cuprate superconductors. Here we report the effects of quasi-hydrostatic compression produced by a neon pressure-medium on the structures of bismuth-based high $\mathit{T_c}$ cuprate superconductors with the nominal composition $Bi_2Sr_2Ca_{n-1}Cu_nO_{2n+4+\delta}$ (n=1,2,3) up to 155 GPa. The structures of all three compositions obtained by synchrotron X-ray diffraction can be described as pseudo-tetragonal over the entire pressure range studied. We show that previously reported pressure-induced distortions and structural changes arise from the large strains that can be induced in these layered materials by non-hydrostatic stresses. The pressure-volume equations of state (EOS) measured under these quasi-hydrostatic conditions cannot be fit to single phenomenological formulation over the pressure ranges studied, starting below 20 GPa. This intrinsic anomalous compression as well as the sensitivity of $Bi_2Sr_2Ca_{n-1}Cu_nO_{2n+4+\delta}$ to deviatoric stresses provides explanations for the numerous inconsistencies in reported EOS parameters for these materials. We conclude that the anomalous compressional behavior of all three compositions is a manifestation of the changes in electronic properties that are also responsible for the remarkable non-monotonic dependence of $\mathit{T_c}$ with pressure, including the increase in $\mathit{T_c}$ at the highest pressures studied so far for each. Transport and spectroscopic measurements up to megabar pressures are needed to fully characterize and explore still higher possible critical temperatures in these materials.
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- 2022
68. The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE: Survey design, overview, and simulated implementation
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Jin, Shoko, Trager, Scott C., Dalton, Gavin B., Aguerri, J. Alfonso L., Drew, J. E., Falcón-Barroso, Jesús, Gänsicke, Boris T., Hill, Vanessa, Iovino, Angela, Pieri, Matthew M., Poggianti, Bianca M., Smith, D. J. B., Vallenari, Antonella, Abrams, Don Carlos, Aguado, David S., Antoja, Teresa, Aragón-Salamanca, Alfonso, Ascasibar, Yago, Babusiaux, Carine, Balcells, Marc, Barrena, R., Battaglia, Giuseppina, Belokurov, Vasily, Bensby, Thomas, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Bragaglia, Angela, Carrasco, Esperanza, Carrera, Ricardo, Cornwell, Daniel J., Domínguez-Palmero, Lilian, Duncan, Kenneth J., Famaey, Benoit, Fariña, Cecilia, Gonzalez, Oscar A., Guest, Steve, Hatch, Nina A., Hess, Kelley M., Hoskin, Matthew J., Irwin, Mike, Knapen, Johan H., Koposov, Sergey E., Kuchner, Ulrike, Laigle, Clotilde, Lewis, Jim, Longhetti, Marcella, Lucatello, Sara, Méndez-Abreu, Jairo, Mercurio, Amata, Molaeinezhad, Alireza, Monguió, Maria, Morrison, Sean, Murphy, David N. A., de Arriba, Luis Peralta, Pérez, Isabel, Pérez-Ràfols, Ignasi, Picó, Sergio, Raddi, Roberto, Romero-Gómez, Mercè, Royer, Frédéric, Siebert, Arnaud, Seabroke, George M., Som, Debopam, Terrett, David, Thomas, Guillaume, Wesson, Roger, Worley, C. Clare, Alfaro, Emilio J., Prieto, Carlos Allende, Alonso-Santiago, Javier, Amos, Nicholas J., Ashley, Richard P., Balaguer-Núñez, Lola, Balbinot, Eduardo, Bellazzini, Michele, Benn, Chris R., Berlanas, Sara R., Bernard, Edouard J., Best, Philip, Bettoni, Daniela, Bianco, Andrea, Bishop, Georgia, Blomqvist, Michael, Boeche, Corrado, Bolzonella, Micol, Bonoli, Silvia, Bosma, Albert, Britavskiy, Nikolay, Busarello, Gianni, Caffau, Elisabetta, Cantat-Gaudin, Tristan, Castro-Ginard, Alfred, Couto, Guilherme, Carbajo-Hijarrubia, Juan, Carter, David, Casamiquela, Laia, Conrado, Ana M., Corcho-Caballero, Pablo, Costantin, Luca, Deason, Alis, de Burgos, Abel, De Grandi, Sabrina, Di Matteo, Paola, Domínguez-Gómez, Jesús, Dorda, Ricardo, Drake, Alyssa, Dutta, Rajeshwari, Erkal, Denis, Feltzing, Sofia, Ferré-Mateu, Anna, Feuillet, Diane, Figueras, Francesca, Fossat, Matteo, Franciosin, Elena, Frasca, Antonio, Fumagalli, Michele, Gallazzi, Anna, García-Benito, Rubén, Fusillo, Nicola Gentile, Gebran, Marwan, Gilbert, James, Gledhill, T. M., Delgado, Rosa M. González, Greimel, Robert, Guarcello, Mario Giuseppe, Guerra, Jose, Gullieuszik, Marco, Haines, Christopher P., Hardcastle, Martin J., Harris, Amy, Haywood, Misha, Helmi, Amina, Hernandez, Nauzet, Herrero, Artemio, Hughes, Sarah, Irsic, Vid, Jablonka, Pascale, Jarvis, Matt J., Jordi, Carme, Kondapally, Rohit, Kordopatis, Georges, Krogager, Jens-Kristian, La Barbera, Francesco, Lam, Man I, Larsen, Søren S., Lemasle, Bertrand, Lewis, Ian J., Lhomé, Emilie, Lind, Karin, Lodi, Marcello, Longobardi, Alessia, Lonoce, Ilaria, Magrin, Laura, Apellániz, Jesús Maíz, Marchal, Olivier, Marco, Amparo, Martin, Nicolas F., Matsuno, Tadafumi, Maurogordato, Sophie, Merluzzi, Paola, Miralda-Escudé, Jordi, Molinari, Emilio, Monari, Giacomo, Morelli, Lorenzo, Mottram, Christopher J., Naylor, Tim, Negueruela, Ignacio, Oñorbe, Jose, Pancino, Elena, Peirani, Sébastien, Peletier, Reynier F., Pozzetti, Lucia, Rainer, Monica, Ramos, Pau, Read, Shaun C., Rossi, Elena Maria, Röttgering, Huub J. A., Rubiño-Martín, Jose Alberto, Montes, Jose Sabater, Juan, José San, Sanna, Nicoletta, Schallig, Ellen, Schiavon, Ricardo P., Schultheis, Mathias, Serra, Paolo, Shimwell, Timothy W., Simón-Díaz, Sergio, Smith, Russell J., Sordo, Rosanna, Sorini, Daniele, Soubiran, Caroline, Starkenburg, Else, Steele, Iain A., Stott, John, Stuik, Remko, Tolstoy, Eline, Tortora, Crescenzo, Tsantaki, Maria, Van der Swaelmen, Mathieu, van Weeren, Reinout J., Vergani, Daniela, Verheijen, Marc A. W., Verro, Kristiina, Vink, Jorick S., Vioque, Miguel, Walcher, C. Jakob, Walton, Nicholas A., Wegg, Christopher, Weijmans, Anne-Marie, Williams, Wendy L., Wilson, Andrew J., Wright, Nicholas J., Xylakis-Dornbusch, Theodora, Youakim, Kris, Zibetti, Stefano, and Zurita, Cristina
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Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, will see first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-degree field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable 'mini' integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366$-$959\,nm at $R\sim5000$, or two shorter ranges at $R\sim20\,000$. After summarising the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organisation, science drivers and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy's origins by completing Gaia's phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for $\sim$3 million stars and detailed abundances for $\sim1.5$ million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey $\sim0.4$ million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey $\sim400$ neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionised gas in $z<0.5$ cluster galaxies; (vi) survey stellar populations and kinematics in $\sim25\,000$ field galaxies at $0.3\lesssim z \lesssim 0.7$; (vii) study the cosmic evolution of accretion and star formation using $>1$ million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at $z>2$. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator., Comment: 41 pages, 27 figures, accepted for publication by MNRAS; updated version including information on individual grants in a revised Acknowledgements section, corrections to the affiliation list, and an updated references list
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- 2022
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69. SciAI4Industry -- Solving PDEs for industry-scale problems with deep learning
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Witte, Philipp A., Hewett, Russell J., Saurabh, Kumar, Sojoodi, AmirHossein, and Chandra, Ranveer
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Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Physics - Computational Physics - Abstract
Solving partial differential equations with deep learning makes it possible to reduce simulation times by multiple orders of magnitude and unlock scientific methods that typically rely on large numbers of sequential simulations, such as optimization and uncertainty quantification. Two of the largest challenges of adopting scientific AI for industrial problem settings is that training datasets must be simulated in advance and that neural networks for solving large-scale PDEs exceed the memory capabilities of current GPUs. We introduce a distributed programming API in the Julia language for simulating training data in parallel on the cloud and without requiring users to manage the underlying HPC infrastructure. In addition, we show that model-parallel deep learning based on domain decomposition allows us to scale neural networks for solving PDEs to commercial-scale problem settings and achieve above 90% parallel efficiency. Combining our cloud API for training data generation and model-parallel deep learning, we train large-scale neural networks for solving the 3D Navier-Stokes equation and simulating 3D CO2 flow in porous media. For the CO2 example, we simulate a training dataset based on a commercial carbon capture and storage (CCS) project and train a neural network for CO2 flow simulation on a 3D grid with over 2 million cells that is 5 orders of magnitudes faster than a conventional numerical simulator and 3,200 times cheaper., Comment: Submitted to International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) on October 5, 2022
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- 2022
70. Changing blow fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) populations in Orlando, Florida, United States
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Roe, Amanda, Barnes, Russell J., Higley, Leon G., and Haskell, Neal H.
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- 2023
71. Subacute liver injury in two young infants following gene replacement therapy for spinal muscular atrophy
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Cassie Ables, Catalina Jaramillo, E. Lynne Wood, Sara Stern, Mouied Alashari, Linda Book, and Russell J. Butterfield
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spinal muscular atrophy ,onasemnogene abeparvovec ,liver injury ,virus vector gene therapy ,Genetics ,QH426-470 ,Cytology ,QH573-671 - Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy is a neurodegenerative disorder resulting from the irreversible loss of anterior horn cells secondary to homozygous mutations in the survival motor neuron gene SMN1. Gene replacement therapy using a recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 vector containing an SMN1 gene construct, onasemnogene abeparvovec-xioi, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in May 2019. Subacute mild elevation of liver function tests following infusion has since been shown to be a common adverse event. Additionally, there have been case reports of liver failure following administration of this therapy and two reported patient deaths. While these adverse events are relatively common, they have not been reported in the youngest treated patients. We present two cases of subacute severe elevation of liver function tests >10–20 times the upper limit of normal, without progression to liver failure, following onasemnogene abeparvovec administration in young infants less than 4 weeks old. Potential mechanisms of injury, management, and implications for future treatment with onasemnogene abeparvovec and other adeno-associated virus vector gene therapies are discussed.
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- 2024
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72. Maternal smoking DNA methylation risk score associated with health outcomes in offspring of European and South Asian ancestry
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Wei Q Deng, Nathan Cawte, Natalie Campbell, Sandi M Azab, Russell J de Souza, Amel Lamri, Katherine M Morrison, Stephanie A Atkinson, Padmaja Subbarao, Stuart E Turvey, Theo J Moraes, Koon K Teo, Piush J Mandhane, Meghan B Azad, Elinor Simons, Guillaume Paré, and Sonia S Anand
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DOHaD ,Maternal smoking ,cord blood ,DNA methylation ,South Asian ,birth cohort ,Medicine ,Science ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Background: Maternal smoking has been linked to adverse health outcomes in newborns but the extent to which it impacts newborn health has not been quantified through an aggregated cord blood DNA methylation (DNAm) score. Here, we examine the feasibility of using cord blood DNAm scores leveraging large external studies as discovery samples to capture the epigenetic signature of maternal smoking and its influence on newborns in White European and South Asian populations. Methods: We first examined the association between individual CpGs and cigarette smoking during pregnancy, and smoking exposure in two White European birth cohorts (n=744). Leveraging established CpGs for maternal smoking, we constructed a cord blood epigenetic score of maternal smoking that was validated in one of the European-origin cohorts (n=347). This score was then tested for association with smoking status, secondary smoking exposure during pregnancy, and health outcomes in offspring measured after birth in an independent White European (n=397) and a South Asian birth cohort (n=504). Results: Several previously reported genes for maternal smoking were supported, with the strongest and most consistent association signal from the GFI1 gene (6 CpGs with p0.05) among South Asians, likely due to a lack of smoking in this group. The same score was consistently associated with a smaller birth size (–0.37±0.12 cm, p=0.0023) in the South Asian cohort and a lower birth weight (–0.043±0.013 kg, p=0.0011) in the combined cohorts. Conclusions: This cord blood epigenetic score can help identify babies exposed to maternal smoking and assess its long-term impact on growth. Notably, these results indicate a consistent association between the DNAm signature of maternal smoking and a small body size and low birth weight in newborns, in both White European mothers who exhibited some amount of smoking and in South Asian mothers who themselves were not active smokers. Funding: This study was funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research Metabolomics Team Grant: MWG-146332.
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- 2024
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73. Thermally frustrated phase transition at high pressure in B2-ordered FeV
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Homero Reyes-Pulido, Bimal K C, Ravhi S. Kumar, Russell J. Hemley, and Jorge A. Muñoz
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Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
X-ray diffraction measurements of equiatomic B2-ordered FeV were performed in a diamond-anvil cell at room temperature at several pressure points up to 80 GPa that showed the cubic phase to be stable with no indication of structural phase transitions. Density functional theory at 0 K predicts Fermi surface nesting, an electronic topological transition, and a phonon dynamical instability within the experimentally investigated pressure range. Nevertheless, the instability is absent in phonon dispersion curves extracted from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations below the critical volume at temperatures as low as 10 K, indicating that thermal atomic displacements can frustrate the phase transition by renormalizing the phonon dispersion curves. Ferrimagnetism is critical for the stability of the cubic phase at low temperature, but thermal atomic displacements are enough to support the structure at and above the Néel temperature.
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- 2024
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74. Target trial framework for determining the effect of changes in training load on injury risk using observational data: a methodological commentary
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Ian Shrier, Russell J Steele, Chinchin Wang, and Jay S Kaufman
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Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
In recent years, a large focus has been placed on managing training load for injury prevention. To minimise injuries, training recommendations should be based on research that examines causal relationships between load and injury risk. While observational studies can be used to estimate causal effects, conventional methods to study the relationship between load and injury are prone to bias. The target trial framework is a valuable tool that requires researchers to emulate a hypothetical randomised trial using observational data. This framework helps to explicitly define research questions and design studies in a way that estimates causal effects. This article provides an overview of the components of the target trial framework as applied to studies on load and injury and describes various considerations that should be made in study design and analyses to minimise bias.
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- 2024
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75. The Nobel history of computational chemistry. A personal perspective.
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Russell J. Boyd
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- 2024
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76. The jigsaw model: a biogeographic model that partitions habitat heterogeneity from area
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Furness, Euan N., Saupe, Erin E., Garwood, Russell J., Mannion, Philip D., and Sutton, Mark D.
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biodiversity ,choros model ,habitat heterogeneity ,habitat loss ,island biogeography ,island species-area relationship ,species-area relationship ,species richness - Abstract
Species–area models now frequently include habitat heterogeneity. These models often fit real-world data better than those that exclude this factor. However, such models usually link the effects of habitat heterogeneity and study area. Critically, we show that difficulties in quantifying habitat heterogeneity within these models can lead to distortions of the apparent effect of area on species richness. Here, we derive a model that minimises these distortions by partitioning the influence of habitat heterogeneity from that of area, without compromising ease of application. This ‘jigsaw model’ achieves this by assuming that different habitats within an area can support similar numbers of species. We compare the behaviour of this model to that of existing models of similar complexity using both simulated island ecosystems and 40 published empirical datasets. The effects of habitat heterogeneity and area on species richness vary independently in our simulations, and these independent effects are recovered by the jigsaw model. This flexibility, however, is not present when the same data are analysed using other models of similar complexity. When applied to real-world data, the jigsaw model demonstrates that the relative importance of area and habitat heterogeneity varies depending on the study system. The jigsaw model provides the best fit to real-world data (according to AICc) of all tested models in logarithmic form, and the second best fit, after the choros model, in power-law form. Our results demonstrate the importance of partitioning the effects of habitat heterogeneity and area on species richness in biogeographic models. The jigsaw model is a simple but powerful tool for such partitioning. It has the potential to elucidate the underlying drivers of species richness patterns, and to be used as a tool in biological conservation projects, where data are often incomplete.
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- 2023
77. Complexity of injective homomorphisms to small tournaments, and of injective oriented colourings
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Campbell, Russell J., Clarke, Nancy E., and MacGillivray, Gary
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Mathematics - Combinatorics ,05C15 (Primary), 05C60, 05C85, 68R10 (Secondary) - Abstract
Several possible definitions of local injectivity for a homomorphism of an oriented graph $G$ to an oriented graph $H$ are considered. In each case, we determine the complexity of deciding whether there exists such a homomorphism when $G$ is given and $H$ is a fixed tournament on three or fewer vertices. Each possible definition leads to a locally-injective oriented colouring problem. A dichotomy theorem is proved in each case., Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures
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- 2022
78. An Infinite 2-Dimensional Array Associated With Electric Circuits
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Evans, Emily J. and Hendel, Russell J.
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Mathematics - Combinatorics ,11B39, 94C15 - Abstract
Except for Koshy who devotes seven pages to applications of Fibonacci Numbers to electric circuits, most books and the Fibonacci Quarterly have been relatively silent on applications of graphs and electric circuits to Fibonacci numbers. This paper continues a recent trend of papers studying the interplay of graphs, circuits, and Fibonacci numbers by presenting and studying the Circuit Array, an infinite 2-dimensional array whose entries are electric resistances labelling edge values of circuits associated with a family of graphs. The Circuit Array has several features distinguishing it from other more familiar arrays such as the Binomial Array and Wythoff Array. For example, it can be proven modulo a strongly supported conjecture that the numerators of its left-most diagonal do not satisfy any linear, homogeneous, recursion, with constant coefficients (LHRCC). However, we conjecture with supporting numerical evidence an asymptotic formula involving $\pi$ satisfied by the left-most diagonal of the Circuit Array., Comment: Presented at Fibonacci Conference, Sarajevo, 2022
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- 2022
79. Resistance values under transformations in regular triangular grids
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Evans, Emily J. and Hendel, Russell J.
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Mathematics - Combinatorics ,94C15 - Abstract
In [Evans, Francis 2022; Hendel] the authors investigated resistance distance in triangular grid graphs and observed several types of asymptotic behavior. This paper extends their work by studying the initial, non-asymptotic, behavior found when equivalent circuit transformations are performed, reducing the rows in the triangular grid graph one row at a time. The main conjecture characterizes, after reducing an arbitrary number of times an initial triangular grid all of whose edge resistances are identically one, when edge resistance values are less than, equal to, or greater than one. A special case of the conjecture is proven. The main theorem identifies patterns of repeating edge resistances arising in diagonals of a triangular grid reduced $s$ times provided the original grid has at least $4s$ rows of triangles. This paper also improves upon the notation, concepts, and proof techniques introduced by the authors previously., Comment: 12 pages
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- 2022
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80. Sharp hypotheses and organic fiducial inference
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Bowater, Russell J.
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Statistics - Methodology ,Statistics - Other Statistics - Abstract
A fundamental class of inferential problems are those characterised by there having been a substantial degree of pre-data (or prior) belief that the value of a model parameter $\theta_j$ was equal or lay close to a specified value $\theta^{*}_j$, which may, for example, be the value that indicates the absence of a treatment effect or the lack of correlation between two variables. This paper puts forward a generally applicable 'push-button' solution to problems of this type that circumvents the severe difficulties that arise when attempting to apply standard methods of inference, including the Bayesian method, to such problems. Usually the only input of major note that is required from the user in implementing this solution is the assignment of a pre-data or prior probability to the hypothesis that the parameter $\theta_j$ lies in a narrow interval $[\theta_{j0},\theta_{j1}]$ that is assumed to contain the value of interest $\theta^{*}_j$. On the other hand, the end result that is achieved by applying this method is, conveniently, a joint post-data distribution over all the parameters $\theta_1,\theta_2,\ldots,\theta_k$ of the model concerned. The proposed method is constructed by naturally combining a simple Bayesian argument with an approach to inference called organic fiducial inference that was developed in a number of earlier papers. To begin with, the main theoretical arguments underlying this combined Bayesian and fiducial method are presented and discussed in detail. Various applications and useful extensions of this methodology are then outlined in the latter part of the paper. The examples that are considered are made relevant to the analysis of clinical trial data where appropriate., Comment: Section added containing a supplementary example. Possibly the final version
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- 2022
81. Common Factors Therapy: A Principle-Based Treatment Framework
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American Psychological Association (APA), Bailey, Russell J., Ogles, Benjamin M., Bailey, Russell J., Ogles, Benjamin M., and American Psychological Association (APA)
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This book highlights common factors as a psychotherapeutic treatment and offers related techniques that can be used as rubrics to improve clinical practice and training. The authors discuss five key common factors: the therapeutic relationship, motivation, corrective experiencing, insight, and self-efficacy, which serve as heuristics for therapists of any background. Each factor is broken down into a set of core principles, intervention concepts, and example techniques, such as motivational interviewing skills, confronting distress to move towards change, adopting a multicultural orientation, and empowering clients. Deliberate practice methods are provided so that clinicians can rehearse common factor approaches and integrate them into their own work. Reviewing past efforts to define actionable common factors--including the contextual model of therapy--as well as transtheoretical studies and techniques, the book provides a uniquely well-defined common factors model of treatment and paves the way for future innovations.
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- 2023
82. Population Pharmacokinetics of MYL-1402O, a Proposed Biosimilar to Bevacizumab and Reference Product (Avastin®) in Patients with Non-squamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
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Owen, Joel S., Rackley, Russell J., Hummel, Matthew A., Roepcke, Stefan, Huang, Hannah, Liu, Mark, Idris, Tazeen A., Murugesan, Sundara Moorthi Nainar, Marwah, Ashwani, Loganathan, Subramanian, Ranganna, Gopinath, Barve, Abhijit, Waller, Cornelius F., and Socinski, Mark A.
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- 2023
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83. Patient-Reported Outcomes in People with Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Tirzepatide in the SURPASS Clinical Trial Programme
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Boye, Kristina S., Thieu, Vivian Thuyanh, Sapin, Hélène, Lee, Clare J., Landó, Laura Fernández, Brown, Katelyn, Bray, Ross, Wiese, Russell J., Patel, Hiren, Rodríguez, Ángel, and Yu, Maria
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- 2023
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84. Design and testing of a humanized porcine donor for xenotransplantation
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Anand, Ranjith P., Layer, Jacob V., Heja, David, Hirose, Takayuki, Lassiter, Grace, Firl, Daniel J., Paragas, Violette B., Akkad, Adam, Chhangawala, Sagar, Colvin, Robert B., Ernst, Russell J., Esch, Nicholas, Getchell, Kristen, Griffin, Alexandra K., Guo, Xiaoyun, Hall, Katherine C., Hamilton, Paula, Kalekar, Lokesh A., Kan, Yinan, Karadagi, Ahmad, Li, Feng, Low, Susan C., Matheson, Rudy, Nehring, Claudia, Otsuka, Ryo, Pandelakis, Matthew, Policastro, Robert A., Pols, Rebecca, Queiroz, Luis, Rosales, Ivy A., Serkin, William T., Stiede, Kathryn, Tomosugi, Toshihide, Xue, Yongqiang, Zentner, Gabriel E., Angeles-Albores, David, Chris Chao, J., Crabtree, Juliet N., Harken, Sierra, Hinkle, Nicole, Lemos, Tania, Li, Mailin, Pantano, Lorena, Stevens, Denise, Subedar, Omar D., Tan, Xiaoqing, Yin, Shiyi, Anwar, Imran J., Aufhauser, David, Capuano, Saverio, Kaufman, Dixon B., Knechtle, Stuart J., Kwun, Jean, Shanmuganayagam, Dhanansayan, Markmann, James F., Church, George M., Curtis, Mike, Kawai, Tatsuo, Youd, Michele E., and Qin, Wenning
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- 2023
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85. Reduction of prevalence of patients meeting the criteria for metabolic syndrome with tirzepatide: a post hoc analysis from the SURPASS Clinical Trial Program
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Stephen J. Nicholls, Santiago Tofé, Carel W. le Roux, David A. D’Alessio, Russell J. Wiese, Imre Pavo, Katelyn Brown, Govinda J. Weerakkody, Meltem Zeytinoglu, and Irene C. Romera
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Metabolic syndrome ,Type 2 diabetes ,Tirzepatide ,Incretin ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome is characterized as the co-occurrence of interrelated cardiovascular risk factors, including insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Once weekly tirzepatide is approved in the US and EU for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. In the SURPASS clinical trial program for T2D, tirzepatide demonstrated greater improvements in glycemic control, body weight reduction and other cardiometabolic risk factors versus placebo, subcutaneous semaglutide 1 mg, insulin degludec, and insulin glargine. This post hoc analysis assessed the effect of tirzepatide use on the prevalence of patients meeting the criteria for metabolic syndrome across SURPASS 1–5. Methods Metabolic syndrome was defined as having ≥ 3 of 5 criteria according to the US National Cholesterol Education Program: Adult Treatment Panel III. Analyses were based on on-treatment data at the primary endpoint from patients adherent to treatment (taking ≥ 75% study drug). A logistic regression model with metabolic syndrome status as the response variable, metabolic syndrome status at the baseline visit as an adjustment, and randomized treatment as fixed explanatory effect was used. The effect of tirzepatide use on the prevalence of patients meeting the criteria for metabolic syndrome by categorical weight loss, background medication and gender were assessed. Results In SURPASS, the prevalence of patients meeting the criteria for metabolic syndrome at baseline was 67–88% across treatment groups with reductions at the primary endpoint to 38–64% with tirzepatide versus 64–82% with comparators. Reductions in the prevalence of patients meeting the criteria for metabolic syndrome was significantly greater with all tirzepatide doses versus placebo, semaglutide 1 mg, insulin glargine, and insulin degludec (p
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- 2024
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86. The genetic architecture of youth anxiety: a study protocol
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Laina McAusland, Christie L. Burton, Alexa Bagnell, Khrista Boylan, Taylor Hatchard, Patricia Lingley-Pottie, Abdullah Al Maruf, Patrick McGrath, Amanda S. Newton, Karen Rowa, Russell J. Schachar, S-M Shaheen, Sam Stewart, Paul D. Arnold, Jennifer Crosbie, Manuel Mattheisen, Noam Soreni, S. Evelyn Stewart, and Sandra Meier
- Subjects
Genetics ,Anxiety disorders ,Child & adolescent psychiatry ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Abstract Background Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric problems among Canadian youth and typically have an onset in childhood or adolescence. They are characterized by high rates of relapse and chronicity, often resulting in substantial impairment across the lifespan. Genetic factors play an important role in the vulnerability toward anxiety disorders. However, genetic contribution to anxiety in youth is not well understood and can change across developmental stages. Large-scale genetic studies of youth are needed with detailed assessments of symptoms of anxiety disorders and their major comorbidities to inform early intervention or preventative strategies and suggest novel targets for therapeutics and personalization of care. Methods The Genetic Architecture of Youth Anxiety (GAYA) study is a Pan-Canadian effort of clinical and genetic experts with specific recruitment sites in Calgary, Halifax, Hamilton, Toronto, and Vancouver. Youth aged 10–19 (n = 13,000) will be recruited from both clinical and community settings and will provide saliva samples, complete online questionnaires on demographics, symptoms of mental health concerns, and behavioural inhibition, and complete neurocognitive tasks. A subset of youth will be offered access to a self-managed Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy resource. Analyses will focus on the identification of novel genetic risk loci for anxiety disorders in youth and assess how much of the genetic risk for anxiety disorders is unique or shared across the life span. Discussion Results will substantially inform early intervention or preventative strategies and suggest novel targets for therapeutics and personalization of care. Given that the GAYA study will be the biggest genomic study of anxiety disorders in youth in Canada, this project will further foster collaborations nationally and across the world.
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- 2024
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87. Precision prognostics for cardiovascular disease in Type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Abrar Ahmad, Lee-Ling Lim, Mario Luca Morieri, Claudia Ha-ting Tam, Feifei Cheng, Tinashe Chikowore, Monika Dudenhöffer-Pfeifer, Hugo Fitipaldi, Chuiguo Huang, Sarah Kanbour, Sudipa Sarkar, Robert Wilhelm Koivula, Ayesha A. Motala, Sok Cin Tye, Gechang Yu, Yingchai Zhang, Michele Provenzano, Diana Sherifali, Russell J. de Souza, Deirdre Kay Tobias, ADA/EASD PMDI, Maria F. Gomez, Ronald C. W. Ma, and Nestoras Mathioudakis
- Subjects
Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background Precision medicine has the potential to improve cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction in individuals with Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies to identify potentially novel prognostic factors that may improve CVD risk prediction in T2D. Out of 9380 studies identified, 416 studies met inclusion criteria. Outcomes were reported for 321 biomarker studies, 48 genetic marker studies, and 47 risk score/model studies. Results Out of all evaluated biomarkers, only 13 showed improvement in prediction performance. Results of pooled meta-analyses, non-pooled analyses, and assessments of improvement in prediction performance and risk of bias, yielded the highest predictive utility for N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (high-evidence), troponin-T (TnT) (moderate-evidence), triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index (moderate-evidence), Genetic Risk Score for Coronary Heart Disease (GRS-CHD) (moderate-evidence); moderate predictive utility for coronary computed tomography angiography (low-evidence), single-photon emission computed tomography (low-evidence), pulse wave velocity (moderate-evidence); and low predictive utility for C-reactive protein (moderate-evidence), coronary artery calcium score (low-evidence), galectin-3 (low-evidence), troponin-I (low-evidence), carotid plaque (low-evidence), and growth differentiation factor-15 (low-evidence). Risk scores showed modest discrimination, with lower performance in populations different from the original development cohort. Conclusions Despite high interest in this topic, very few studies conducted rigorous analyses to demonstrate incremental predictive utility beyond established CVD risk factors for T2D. The most promising markers identified were NT-proBNP, TnT, TyG and GRS-CHD, with the highest strength of evidence for NT-proBNP. Further research is needed to determine their clinical utility in risk stratification and management of CVD in T2D.
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- 2024
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88. Effective removal of iron, nutrients, micropollutants, and faecal bacteria in constructed wetlands cotreating mine water and sewage treatment plant effluent
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Jidapa Plaimart, Kishor Acharya, Adrian Blackburn, Wojciech Mrozik, Russell J. Davenport, and David Werner
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constructed wetlands ,metals ,nutrients ,pathogens ,river water ,wastewater ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 - Abstract
Regulators in England and Wales have set new targets under the Environment Act 2021 for freshwater quality by 2038 that include halving the length of rivers polluted by harmful metals from abandoned mines and reducing phosphorus loadings from treated wastewater by 80%. In this context, an intriguing win–win opportunity exists in the removal of iron from abandoned mines and phosphate from small sewage treatment plants by coprecipitation in constructed wetlands (CWs). We investigated such a CW located at Lamesley, Northeast England, which cotreats abandoned coal mine and secondary-treated sewage treatment plant effluents. We assessed the removal of nutrients, heavy metals, organic micropollutants, and faecal coliforms by the CW, and characterized changes in the water bacteriology comprehensively using environmental DNA. The CW effectively removed ammonium-nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, and faecal coliforms by an average of 86, 74, 98, and 75%, respectively, to levels below or insignificantly different from those in the receiving river. The CW also effectively removed micropollutants such as acetaminophen, caffeine, and sulpiride by 70–100%. Molecular microbiology methods showed successful conversion of sewage and mine water microbiomes into a freshwater microbiome. Overall, the CW significantly reduced impacts on the rural water environment with minimal operational requirements. HIGHLIGHTS The CW removed iron from mine water and phosphorus from wastewater by coprecipitation.; The CW effectively removed nutrients, faecal bacteria, and micropollutants.; Dissolved Cu, Zn, Mn, and total dissolved solids were not effectively removed.; The CW converted mine water and sewage microbiomes into a freshwater microbiome.; The CW simultaneously addressed wastewater and mine water pollution issues.;
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- 2024
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89. Investigating writing style as a contributor to gender gaps in science and technology
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Kedrick, Kara, Levitskaya, Ekaterina, and Funk, Russell J.
- Subjects
Computer Science - Computers and Society ,Computer Science - Computation and Language - Abstract
A growing stream of research finds that scientific contributions are evaluated differently depending on the gender of the author. In this article, we consider whether gender differences in writing styles - how men and women communicate their work - may contribute to these observed gender gaps. We ground our investigation in a framework for characterizing the linguistic style of written text, with two sets of features - informational (i.e., features that emphasize facts) and involved (i.e., features that emphasize relationships). Using a large sample of academic papers and patents, we find significant differences in writing style by gender, with women using more involved features in their writing. Papers and patents with more involved features also tend to be cited more by women. Our findings suggest that scientific text is not devoid of personal character, which could contribute to bias in evaluation, thereby compromising the norm of universalism as a foundational principle of science.
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- 2022
90. Physical, subjective and analogical probability
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Bowater, Russell J.
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Statistics - Other Statistics ,Statistics - Methodology - Abstract
The aim of this paper is to show that the concept of probability is best understood by dividing this concept into two different types of probability, namely physical probability and analogical probability. Loosely speaking, a physical probability is a probability that applies to the outcomes of an experiment that have been judged as being equally likely on the basis of physical symmetry. Physical probabilities are arguably in some sense 'objective' and possess all the standard properties of the concept of probability. On the other hand, an analogical probability is defined by making an analogy between the uncertainty surrounding an event of interest and the uncertainty surrounding an event that has a physical probability. Analogical probabilities are undeniably subjective probabilities and are not obliged to have all the standard mathematical properties possessed by physical probabilities, e.g. they may not have the property of additivity or obey the standard definition of conditional probability. Nevertheless, analogical probabilities have extra properties, which are not possessed by physical probabilities, that assist in their direct elicitation, general derivation, comparison and justification. More specifically, these properties facilitate the application of analogical probability to real-world problems that can not be adequately resolved by using only physical probability, e.g. probabilistic inference about hypotheses on the basis of observed data. Careful definitions are given of the concepts that are introduced and, where appropriate, examples of the application of these concepts are presented for additional clarity., Comment: Possibly the final version. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1810.10972
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- 2022
91. Conceptual structure and the growth of scientific knowledge
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Kedrick, Kara, Levitskaya, Ekaterina, and Funk, Russell J.
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Computer Science - Social and Information Networks - Abstract
How does scientific knowledge grow? This question has occupied a central place in the philosophy of science, stimulating heated debates, but yielding no clear consensus. Many explanations can be understood in terms of whether and how they view the expansion of knowledge as proceeding through the accretion of scientific concepts into larger conceptual structures. Here, we examine these views empirically, performing a large-scale analysis of the physical and social sciences, spanning five decades. Using natural language processing techniques, we create semantic networks of concepts, wherein noun phrases become linked when used in the same paper abstract. For both the physical and social sciences, we observe increasingly rigid conceptual cores (i.e., densely connected sets of highly central nodes) accompanied by the proliferation of periphery concepts (i.e., sparsely connected nodes that are highly connected to the core). Subsequently, we examine the relationship between conceptual structure and the growth of scientific knowledge, finding that scientific works are more innovative in fields with cores that have higher conceptual churn and with larger cores. Furthermore, scientific consensus is associated with reduced conceptual churn and fewer conceptual cores. Overall, our findings suggest that while the organization of scientific concepts is important for the growth of knowledge, the mechanisms vary across time., Comment: 40 pages, 13 figures. Nat Hum Behav (2024)
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- 2022
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92. Model-Parallel Fourier Neural Operators as Learned Surrogates for Large-Scale Parametric PDEs
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Grady II, Thomas J., Khan, Rishi, Louboutin, Mathias, Yin, Ziyi, Witte, Philipp A., Chandra, Ranveer, Hewett, Russell J., and Herrmann, Felix J.
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Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing ,Mathematics - Numerical Analysis - Abstract
Fourier neural operators (FNOs) are a recently introduced neural network architecture for learning solution operators of partial differential equations (PDEs), which have been shown to perform significantly better than comparable deep learning approaches. Once trained, FNOs can achieve speed-ups of multiple orders of magnitude over conventional numerical PDE solvers. However, due to the high dimensionality of their input data and network weights, FNOs have so far only been applied to two-dimensional or small three-dimensional problems. To remove this limited problem-size barrier, we propose a model-parallel version of FNOs based on domain-decomposition of both the input data and network weights. We demonstrate that our model-parallel FNO is able to predict time-varying PDE solutions of over 2.6 billion variables on Perlmutter using up to 512 A100 GPUs and show an example of training a distributed FNO on the Azure cloud for simulating multiphase CO$_2$ dynamics in the Earth's subsurface.
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- 2022
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93. C3 Glomerulopathy Recurs Early after Kidney Transplantation in Serial Biopsies Performed within the First Two Years Post-Transplantation
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Tarragón, Blanca, Peleg, Yonatan, Jagannathan, Geetha, Sekulic, Miroslav, Chang, Jae-Hyung, Cohen, David J, Crew, Russell J, Dube, Geoffrey K, Fernandez, Hilda E, Husain, Syed Ali, Mohan, Sumit, Morris, Heather K, Appel, Gerald, Jadav, Paresh, Santoriello, Dominick, Kudose, Satoru, Stokes, M Barry, Batal, Ibrahim, and Bomback, Andrew
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- 2024
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94. CONTRASTING IMPACTS OF DIFFERENT DISTURBANCE TYPES ON CORAL REEFS : WAVE DISTURBANCE VS. CORAL BLEACHING
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Kopecky, Kai L., Stier, Adrian C., Schmitt, Russell J., Holbrook, Sally J., and Moeller, Holly V.
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- 2023
95. Trump, Obama, Bush: Impacts of Presidential Elections on College Student Mental Health
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Merrill, Brett M., Vogeler, Heidi, Kirchhoefer, Jessica, Tass, Shannon, Erekson, Davey, Beecher, Mark, Worthen, Vaughn, Hobbs, Klint, Boardman, R. D., Bingham, Jennie, Bailey, Russell J., Cox, Jonathan C., Carney, Dever M., Kilcullen, J. Ryan, and Griner, Derek
- Abstract
Research, media sources, and polls have identified negative effects associated with presidential elections. The aim of this research was to investigate associations between US presidential election results and mental health outcomes in university students. This investigation consisted of two independent studies. Study 1 analyzed data collected between the years 2000 and 2016 from students who utilized counseling services (N = 32,506) at a large, private, conservative institution in the western United States. Study 2 analyzed data collected between the years 2010 and 2016 from over 100 university counseling centers across the United States. Upon analyzing the quantitative and qualitative data, the results did not support the findings that presidential elections negatively impact the mental health outcomes of students who receive university counseling services. Furthermore, there was no detectable increase in student distress regardless of election year, age, ethnicity, gender, religion, relationship status, sexual orientation, geographic region, citizenship, and first-generation student status.
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- 2023
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96. Smart bistable coordination complexes
- Author
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Xiong Xiao, Zong‐Ju Chen, Russell J. Varley, and Cheng‐Hui Li
- Subjects
bistable ,coordination chemistry ,dynamic bonds ,smart molecules ,stimuli responsive ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Abstract Smart molecules have attracted increasing attention due to their transformative role in creating the next generation of smart structures and devices. Smart bistable coordination complexes are a class of functional complexes which have two stable states that can be reversibly switched in response to external stimuli. Such bistable molecules play a vital role in various applications, such as sensors, data storage, spintronics, smart windows, optical switches, information encryption and decryption, displays, actuators, etc. Herein, the recent research studies into the development of these smart bistable metal coordination complexes are reviewed. According to the different external stimuli, these smart bistable coordination systems have been classified and summarized, including light‐responsive systems, thermally‐responsive systems, electrically‐responsive systems, mechanically‐responsive systems, and some other cases. These systems are further subdivided according to the changes in signals (e.g., color, fluorescence, spin state, crystalline phase) under external stimuli. The design principles of each type of smart bistable metal complexes as well as their broad and innovative applications are comprehensively described. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in this field are briefly analyzed and discussed.
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- 2024
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97. Understanding the Influence of Serum Proteins Adsorption on the Mechano‐Bactericidal Efficacy and Immunomodulation of Nanostructured Titanium
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Karolinne Martins de Sousa, Denver P. Linklater, Vladimir A. Baulin, Chaitali Dekiwadia, Edwin Mayes, Billy J. Murdoch, Phuc H. Le, Christopher J. Fluke, Veselin Boshkovikj, Cuie Wen, Russell J. Crawford, and Elena P. Ivanova
- Subjects
antibacterial surfaces ,human serum proteins adsorption ,mechano‐bactericidal surfaces ,titanium biomaterials ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Technology - Abstract
Abstract Nanostructured surfaces are effective at physically killing bacterial cells, highlighting their prospective application as biomaterials. The benefits of application of mechano‐bactericidal nanostructures as an alternative to chemical functionalisation are well documented, however, the effects of protein adsorption are not well understood. In this work, theoretical and experimental analyses are conducted by studying the adsorption of human serum proteins (HSP) to nanosheet titanium (Ti) and its subsequent effect on the mechano‐bactericidal efficacy toward Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells. The nanosheet pattern exhibits enhanced antibiofouling behaviour mantaining high bactericidal efficiency toward both Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive cells in the presence of adsorbed HSP. To ascertain the immunomodulatory response, S. aureus cells are introduced to protein‐conditioned Ti nanosheet surfaces prior to introducing RAW 264.7 macrophages. On the pre‐infected nanostructured surfaces, macrophages exhibit wound healing behaviour with superior activation of M2‐like macrophage polarization and secretion of anti‐inflammatory cytokines. By contrast, macrophages attached to infected smooth surfaces activated the M1‐like polarized phenotype via the high expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, indicating persistent inflammation. The outcomes of this work demonstrate the suitability of Ti nanosheets as a potential biomaterial surface whereby the mechano‐bactericidal activity is not compromised by HSP adsorption and, furthermore, positively influenced an anti‐inflammatory immune response.
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- 2024
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98. Blue and Near-UV Phosphorescence from Iridium Complexes with Cyclometalated Pyrazolyl or N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands
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Sajoto, Tissa, primary, Djurovich, Peter I., additional, Tamayo, Arnold, additional, Yousufuddin, Muhammed, additional, Bau, Robert, additional, Thompson, Mark E., additional, Holmes, Russell J., additional, and Forrest, Stephen R., additional
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- 2023
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99. Ultrahigh Energy Gap Hosts in Deep Blue Organic Electrophosphorescent Devices
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Ren, Xiaofan, primary, Li, Jian, additional, Holmes, Russell J., additional, Djurovich, Peter I., additional, Forrest, Stephen R., additional, and Thompson, Mark E., additional
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- 2023
- Full Text
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100. Autopsies after Surgery and Percutaneous Interventions
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Jenkins, Megan, primary, Gallagher, Patrick J., additional, and Delaney, Russell J., additional
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- 2023
- Full Text
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