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53. Intrinsic Sympathomimetic Activity Counteracts Beta-Blocker Inhibition of Renin Activation.

Author

Ruddy, Michael C., Bialy, Grace B., and Kostis, John B.

Subjects
RENIN, RENIN-angiotensin system, ADRENERGIC beta blockers, BLOOD vessels, HYPERTENSION, PATIENTS, PLACEBOS, THERAPEUTICS
Abstract

Enzymatically inactive renin (IR) is the predominant circulating form of renin. Sympathetic activity may influence plasma renin activity (PRA) by regulation of the conversion of IR to active renin (AR, PRA). It has been demonstrated previously that beta blockade lowers PRA at least partly through inhibition of this conversion process. The authors hypothesized that beta blockade and intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) would have opposing effects on production of AR from its inactive precursor. Eighteen primary hypertensives (12 male, 6 female, mean age 57.7 ± 2.7) were entered in a placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study of the effects of equipotent doses of pindolol and propranolol on mean ± SEM systolic BP, diastolic BP, heart rate, active renin (AR), total renin (TR), inactive renin (IR), and % AR/TR. Drug dose was titrated to achieve a goal DBP of 90 mmHg or less. Active renin was defined as the rate of generation of angiotensin I in 37°C plasma at pH 5.7. Total renin was determined by preincubation of plasma aliquots with 1.5 mg/mL trypsin in the presence of 5 mM benzamadine for one hour at -4°C prior to assay of renin activity. Inactive renin was calculated as TR minus AR. The BP responses achieved by dose titration of propranolol and pindolol were virtually identical at rest, indicating equivalent depressor effects of the two beta blockers. Heart rate and active redin were, however, lowered to a much greater extent with propranolol as compared with pindolol. The lack of significant pindolol-induced fall in % AR/TR suggests that this drug has little net effect on the formation of AR from IR. These findings indicate that the presence of ISA attenuates the inhibitory action of beta blockade on AR. This effect may be a result of ISA-mediated partial disinhibition of conversion of inactive prorenin at renal or extrarenal sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1989
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54. Comparison of Office, Home and 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressures in Borderline and Mild Hypertension.

Author

Bialy, Grace B., Ruddy, Michael C., Malka, Edmond S., Silvay, Linda A., and Kamalakannan, Nirmala

Subjects
BLOOD pressure, HYPERTENSION, BLOOD circulation disorders, BODY fluid pressure, HEMODYNAMICS, VITAL signs
Abstract

Clinic/office (casual), home (self), and twenty-four-hour ambulatory (ABP) blood pressure determinations were compared in 32 subjects defined by conventional office criteria as mild or borderline hypertensives. Office diastolic blood pressures (mean 93,1±5.3 mmHg) were significantly higher than either home (mean 88.9±7.1 mm Hg) or awake ABP (mean 88.4±8.4 mm Hg) readings for the total group, as well as for the mild hypertension subgroup (office mean 96.0±3.5 mm Hg, home mean 91.0±8.0, awake ABP mean 90.4±8.8) hut not for the borderline subgroup. In the total study group, office diastolic blood pressure (DBP) correlated better with home DBP (r=0.58, p=0.0005), than with the awake ABP (r=0.40, p=0.02). Home DBP correlated well with awake DBP (r=0.48, p=0.006). In subgroup analysis, office DBPs correlated well with home (self) readings for both the mild (r = 0.53, p=0.03) and the borderline (r=0.62, p = 0.01) subgroups. When office DBPs were compared with awake ABP DBPs, the correlation coefficient for the mild subgroup was significant (r=0.49, p = 0.04); this was not the case for the borderline subgroup (r=0.10, p=NS). Comparison of home (self) DBPs with awake ABP determinations revealed a good correlation for the borderline subgroup (r = 0.63, p = 0.01) but not for the mild subgroup (r=0.35, p=NS). A substantial proportion of the subjects (in both the mild and borderline subgroup) bad a normal mean DBP (< 90 mm Hg) as determined by both home (self) and awake ABP readings. The authors conclude that office measurements alone are of limited value in assessing the overall blood pressure status of mild and borderline hypertensives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1988
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56. Ráth Morgáin

Author

Ráth Morgáin, Cholmáin, Aindriú, Micheál Mac, Aindriú, Eibhlín Nic, Ghallchobhair, Nóra Ní, Gaughan, Mary, Gháchain, Máire Ní, Ruddy, Michael, Conroy, Jack, Andrew, Eileen Mac, and Andrew, Mary Mc

Subjects
Basket making, local legends, Traditional medicine, Folk beliefs, Bread, Marriage, Occupations, Folklore, Prayers
Abstract

A collection of folklore and local history stories from Ráth Morgáin (school) (Rathmorgan, Co. Mayo), collected as part of the Schools' Folklore Scheme, 1937-1938 under the supervision of teacher Bean Uí Cholmáin., Domhnall an Ghleanna / Aindriú, Micheál Mac -- Guesses -- Abhainn Mhór / Aindriú, Micheál Mac -- Gleann / Aindriú, Micheál Mac -- Old Story -- Seanscéal / Aindriú, Micheál Mac -- Seanscéal / Aindriú, Micheál Mac -- Cures / Aindriú, Micheál Mac -- Pisreoga / Aindriú, Micheál Mac -- When a Person Dies / Aindriú, Micheál Mac -- Sayings about the Time and about the Weather / Aindriú, Micheál Mac -- Scéal Ráth Mhorgáin / Aindriú, Eibhlín Nic -- Feilm Sheáin Mhic Aindriú / Aindriú, Eibhlín Nic -- When a Person Dies / Aindriú, Eibhlín Nic -- Mo Cheantar Féin / Aindriú, Eibhlín Nic -- Seanscéal / Aindriú, Eibhlín Nic -- Seanphaidreacha / Aindriú, Eibhlín Nic -- Paidir / Ghallchobhair, Nóra Ní -- Kiltane / Ghallchobhair, Nóra Ní -- Irishman / Aindriú, Eibhlín Nic -- How they Used to Make Linen Long Ago / Aindriú, Eibhlín Nic -- Composition - Marriages in this District / Aindriú, Eibhlín Nic -- Cures / Aindriú, Eibhlín Nic -- Composition - The Sort of Bread the People Used to Eat Long Ago / Aindriú, Eibhlín Nic -- How the People Used to Grind Their Corn Long Ago / Aindriú, Eibhlín Nic -- Occupations Long Ago / Gaughan, Mary -- Chaoi a mDéanfaidís Cliabh / Ghallchobhair, Nóra Ní -- Poor Scholars / Gháchain, Máire Ní -- How they Used to Dye Wool Long Ago / Ruddy, Michael -- Story / Conroy, Jack -- Mar a Fuair Muigh na gCon an tAinm / Ruddy, Michael -- Long Ago / Andrew, Eileen Mac -- Long Ago / Andrew, Eileen Mac -- Long Ago / Andrew, Eileen Mac -- Cill Teán / Aindriú, Eibhlín Nic -- Cnoc a Loghadh / Aindriú, Eibhlín Nic -- Old Story / Ruddy, Michael -- Dean Swift and His Boy / Andrew, Mary Mc, Supported by funding from the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht (Ireland), University College Dublin, and the National Folklore Foundation (Fondúireacht Bhéaloideas Éireann), 2014-2016.

Published
1937
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60. Emergence and spread of a human-transmissible multidrug-resistant nontuberculous mycobacterium

Author

Perry, Audrey, Thomson, Rachel, Drew, Richard J., Desai, Maya, Rodriguez-Rincon, Daniela, Coulter, Chris, Evans, Jason, Bell, Scott C., Jönsson, Bodil, Ruddy, Michael, Modha, Deborah, Robb, Ali, Johnson, Graham R., MacGregor, Gordon, Jabbour, Nassib, Jones, Andrew M., Chapman, Stephen J., O'Brien, Deirdre, Ohri, Chandra, Van Ingen, Jakko, Humphrey, Helen, Everall, Isobel, O'Brien, Christopher, Bourke, Stephen, Sly, Peter D., Pao, Caroline S., Esther, Charles R., Clayton, Andrew, Shafi, Nadia, Noone, Peadar G., Sherrard, Laura J., Denton, Miles, Mayell, Sarah, Giddings, Olivia, Hill, Emily, Bilton, Diana, Morawska, Lidia, Parkhill, Julian, Cullen, Mairi, West, Noreen, Perrin, Felicity, Peckham, Daniel, Whitehouse, Joanna, Bowler, Ian C. J. W., Jones, Andrew, Lillebaek, Troels, Laurenson, Ian, Bryant, Josephine M., Ramsay, Kay A., Kidd, Timothy J., Pandey, Sushil, Prtak, Laura, Brown, Karen P., Stockwell, Rebecca E., Qvist, Tavs, Wainwright, Claire E., Moreno, Pablo, Pressler, Tania, Walshaw, Martin, Nash, Edward F., Wood, Michelle E., Katzenstein, Terese L., Folb, Jonathan, Daniels, Thomas, Andres Floto, Verma, Deepshikha, Grogono, Dorothy M., Edenborough, Frank, Haworth, Charles S., Schaffer, Kirsten, Dempsey, Owen, Ordway, Diane, Gilligan, Peter, Watson, Danie, Knibbs, Luke D., Isalska, Barbara, Rodgers, Helen, Harris, Simon R., Millar, Michael, Jensen-Fangel, Søren, and Drijkoningen, Judith

Subjects
bacteria, bacterial infections and mycoses, 3. Good health
Abstract

Lung infections with Mycobacterium abscessus, a species of multidrug resistant nontuberculous mycobacteria, are emerging as an important global threat to individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) where they accelerate inflammatory lung damage leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Previously, M. abscessus was thought to be independently acquired by susceptible individuals from the environment. However, using whole genome analysis of a global collection of clinical isolates, we show that the majority of M. abscessus infections are acquired through transmission, potentially via fomites and aerosols, of recently emerged dominant circulating clones that have spread globally. We demonstrate that these clones are associated with worse clinical outcomes, show increased virulence in cell-based and mouse infection models, and thus represent an urgent international infection challenge.

61. A Discursive Analysis of Cancer Survivors' Identities

Author

Ruddy, Michael Patrick Joseph

Subjects
RC0254, H1
Abstract

This thesis explores how people who have experienced cancer construct themselves in talk of their experience of the illness. Semi structured interviews with six adults who had completed cancer treatment and were considered to be cancer free or in remission were analysed using a discursive psychological approach. Cancer has been characterised as being both an acute and chronic illness. The sequelae of treatment and uncertainty over possible recurrence of the disease mean that there is not a discrete point at which one ceases to be a cancer patient. As such the challenges to identities that may arise following a cancer diagnosis can be considered different to those that may arise following other serious illnesses. Cancer also carries with it cultural associations about the culpability of the patient for their illness, as well as a number of culturally legitimate narratives that are centred around metaphors of heroic battles or journeys of self discovery. Previous research has suggested that disparity between the identity challenges being faced by the individual with cancer and the identities into which others may altercast them into can result in cancer patients and survivors not receiving the support that they need. The analysis revealed that a consistent feature of the accounts was maintaining continuity between pre- and postcancer identities. Where post cancer changes were acknowledged these were assimilated into pre-cancer identities. Contrary to some previous research none of the participants oriented to the identity of being a cancer survivor. This finding is discussed in relation to methodological differences between the current and previous research and in relation the identity concerns present the participants' talk. I also discuss the constraints that discourses of austerity politics place on the identities available to cancer survivors who find themselves unable to work following treatment.

70. Gold in Arthritis

Author

Hanauer, Lonnie B. and Ruddy, Michael C.

Abstract

To the Editor.—The Primer on the Rheumatic Diseases (224[suppl]:661-812, 1973) is, with justification, recommended to medical students, house staff, and practitioners as the best concise summary of rheumatic diseases.We are disturbed, therefore, to find a statement on page 733 relating to the therapy of psoriatic arthritis to the effect that "chrysotherapy... [is] not helpful and may aggravate the skin disease." This advice is not justified by clinical studies and may result in the withholding of gold from patients who would benefit from it. Six of the seven references in the Primer do not mention gold therapy. The seventh (Wright V: Psoriatic arthritis. Bull Rheum Dis 21:627, 1971) notes that "gold is not contraindicated as it has been found that no more skin reactions are experienced in psoriasis than... in rheumatoid arthritis." Three leading rheumatology tests (Hollander-McCarty, Copeman, and Boyle-Buchanan) all deny any increased incidence of skin reactions although

Published
1974
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