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Background : Care to Move (CTM) provides a series of consistent 'movement prompts' to embed into existing movements of daily living. We explored the feasibility of incorporating CTM approaches in home care settings. Methods : Feasibility study of the CTM approach in older adults receiving home care. Recruitment, retention and attrition (three time points), adherence, costs to deliver and data loss analyzed and differentiated pre and post the COVID-19 pandemic. Secondary outcomes, including functional status, physical activity, balance confidence, quality of life, cost to implement CTM. Results : Fifty-five home care clients (69.6% of eligible sample) participated. Twenty were unable to start due to COVID-19 disruptions and health issues, leaving 35 clients recruited, mostly women (85.7%), mean age 82.8 years. COVID-19 disruption impacted on the study, there was 60% retention to T2 assessments (8-weeks) and 13 of 35 (37.1%) completed T3 assessments (6-months). There were improvements with small to medium effect sizes in quality of life, physical function, balance confidence and self-efficacy. Managers were supportive of the roll-out of CTM. The implementation cost was estimated at EUR 280 per carer and annual running costs at EUR 75 per carer. Conclusion : Embedding CTM within home support services is acceptable and feasible. Data gathered can power a definitive trial.

Utilising cavitation for enhancing oxidative desulphurization has been investigated for nearly-two decades with recent investigations shifting focus from low-capacity acoustic cavitation (AC) to scalable hydrodynamic cavitation (HC). This work focuses on developing a viable means for removing thiophene's from fuels. In the first phase of this work, use of vortex based HC devices for removal of single and dual ring thiophenes from dodecane was investigated. HC was shown to be able to remove single ring thiophene from dodecane without using any external catalyst or additives. However, in absence of catalyst or additives, it was not possible to remove dual ring thiophenes such as dibenzothiophene using HC. Therefore, in the second phase of this work, various strategies based on use of catalyst or additives to augment cavitation based process were investigated. AC based experiments were opted for shortlisting suitable catalysts and additives for intensifying cavitation based processes. The influence of using oxidant (H 2 O 2 ) and carboxylic acid catalysts on efficacy of removal of dual ring thiophenes is presented. Several conditions were tested, and the optimal volumetric ratios of 0.95 v/v % H 2 O 2 and 6.25 v/v % HCOOH was identified and utilised throughout the remainder of the study. Regeneration of extractant which accumulates oxidised sulphur species from dodecane was also investigated using AC. The additives and process conditions reported in this work are useful for enhancing desulphurization performance., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Vivek V. Ranade reports a relationship with VIVIRA Process Technologies Pvt. ltd. that includes: board membership., (Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Initial management and stabilization of epistaxis is managed by a diverse offset of clinical providers with variable levels of training., Objective: To determine the anatomic and clinical fidelity and ease of use of a novel simulator for the training and assessment of epistaxis management skills., Study Design: Qualitative Research Study using expert questionnaire's for validation of a newly developed simulator., Methods: We performed a quasi-experimental intervention with 22 otolaryngology faculty and 10 trainees who independently evaluated the simulator. Data were collected in three phases: phase 1 (preliminary evaluation), phase 2 (final expert evaluation), and phase 3 (trainee evaluation). We designed a three-dimensional (3D) printed model from a de-identified patient computed tomography scan. Artificial blood was circulated through catheters to simulate bleeding from three distinct sites (sphenopalatine, Kiesselbach's plexus, and anterior ethmoid). Four domains were assessed: "Physical and anatomic attributes," "Realism of experience," "Ability to perform tasks," and "Value and clinical relevance." Internal structure and validity were measured with Cronbach's alpha and item outfit mean-square statistics., Results: Results from otolaryngology faculty showed very high median ratings for "Value of the simulator as a training tool" (4.0/4) and high ratings for "Relevance to practice" (4.0/4), and realism of experience (4.0/4). Responses from otolaryngology trainees demonstrated high value for clinical training (4.0/4) and high likelihood to recommend use for future trainees (4.0/4). Confidence in managing epistaxis before (1.0/4) and after (3.0/4) simulator use was statistically improved (P = .03)., Conclusions: Using 3D printing technology, we created a novel simulator for epistaxis management. Preliminary evidence suggests the model is cost-effective, anatomically realistic, relevant to trainees' educational needs, and valuable as a training tool., Level of Evidence: 3 Laryngoscope, 132:747-753, 2022., (© 2021 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc.)

Leaders are faced with ethical and moral dilemmas daily, like those within the military who must span from large-scale combat operations to security cooperation and deterrence. For businesses, these dilemmas can include social and environmental impact such as those in mining; and for governments, the social and economic impact of their decision-making in their response to COVID-19 . The move by Western defence forces to align their foundational principles, policies, and "soldier" dispositions with the changing values of the countries they serve are starkly illustrative of challenges faced by all leaders. While admirable, such changes face the apparent contradiction of enhancing individual moral agency within a hierarchical organization that maintain enforceable codes of conduct. Ethical leadership theory provides aspirational goals, but lacks empirically based guidance on how to implement policies that facilitate values-based behavior. Using a discourse theory analysis of a moral dilemma vignette with Royal Australian Air Force personnel, this research identifies important aspects of agency and subject position that must be addressed if such policies are to succeed. These findings show that the potential contradiction can be addressed by acknowledging the contrasting tendency to bureaucratic process by leaders at upper levels, while lower-level leaders address moral issues by incorporating their subjectivity and making a conscious deontological choice between humanity and comrade loyalty., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. The authors have no financial or proprietary interest in any material discussed in this article., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2021.)

Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared.

The carbazole moiety is a component of many important pharmaceuticals including anticancer and anti-HIV agents and is commonly utilized in the production of modern polymeric materials with novel photophysical and electronic properties. Simple carbazoles are generally produced via the aromatization of the respective tetrahydrocarbazole (THCZ). In this work, density functional theory calculations are used to model the reaction pathway of tetrahydrocarbazole aromatization over Pd(111). The geometry of each of the intermediate surface species has been determined and how each structure interacts with the metal surface addressed. The reaction energies and barriers of each of the elementary surface reactions have also been calculated, and a detailed analysis of the energetic trends performed. Our calculations have shown that the surface intermediates remain fixed to the surface via the aromatic ring in a manner similar to that of THCZ. Moreover, the aliphatic ring becomes progressively more planer with the dissociation of each subsequent hydrogen atom. Analysis of the reaction energy profile has revealed that the trend in reaction barriers is determined by the two factors: (i) the strength of the dissociating ring-H bond and (ii) the subsequent gain in energy due to the geometric relaxation of the aliphatic ring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of the present study was to investigate how an athlete's participation in either an individual or team sport is related to their attitude toward sport psychology consulting and their willingness to consult a sport psychology practitioner., Method: The Sport Psychology Attitudes-Revised form (SPA-R) (Martin, et al., Sport Psychol 16:272-90, 2020) was completed by 120 athletes from individual and team sports. A 2 (Type of sport: individual and team) × 2 (Gender) multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted with attitudes towards sport psychology as dependent variables. To identify attitudes that accentuated the differences related to type of sport, follow-up univariate analyses were performed., Results: Results revealed that overall athletes involved in individual sports reported more positive attitudes towards sport psychology consulting than athletes involved in team sports. In particular, the athletes involved in individual sports were more likely to have greater confidence in sport psychology consulting. The findings also show that gender may mediate this association, indicated by a nearly significant two-way interaction effect for gender and type of sport (individual versus team) regarding confidence in sport psychology. The source of this marginal result was a larger effect of sport type for females than for males., Conclusions: The findings of this study imply that athletes involved in individual sports are more likely to have positive attitudes towards sport psychology compared to athletes competing in team-based sports, with females more likely to view sport psychology positively than compared to their male counterparts. The results may go some way to assist sport psychologists to understand and address athletes' concerns and to improve receptivity to sport psychology services.

We assess the potential for formulating a porous liquid that could be used as a selective solvent for the separation of ethane and ethene. Ethane-ethene separation is performed on very large scales by cryogenic distillation, but this uses large amounts of energy. Solvents that are selective to ethane or ethene could potentially enable more efficient liquid-based separation processes to be developed, but to date such solvents have been elusive. Here, Type 3 porous liquids, which consist of microporous solids dispersed in size-excluded liquid phases, were tailored toward the separation of ethane and ethene. A high selectivity for ethene over ethane (25.6 at 0.8 bar) and a high capacity was achieved for zeolite AgA dispersed in an Ag-containing ionic liquid. Unusually for liquid phases, the selectivity for ethane over ethene (2.55 at 0.8 bar) could also be achieved using either the metal-organic framework (MOF) Cu(Qc) 2 (Qc = quinoline-5-carboxylate) dispersed in sesame oil or ZIF-7 in sesame oil, the latter showing gated uptake. The efficiency of the Cu(Qc) 2 synthesis was increased by developing a mechanochemical method. The regeneration of Cu(Qc) 2 in sesame oil and ZIF-7 in sesame oil was also demonstrated, suggesting that these or similar porous liquids could potentially be applied in cyclic separation processes.