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Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a very common systemic inflammatory rheumatic disorder affecting the musculoskeletal system in children below 16 years of age. Joint inflammation and tissue destruction is the prime characteristic of the disease. Along with the systemic involvement in the long joints, several studies are mentioning the increased association of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in JIA. This current systematic review intends to find the prevalence rate of TMD in JIA‐affected individuals as compared to healthy controls. Methods: We have searched in PubMed, Scopus and Ovid SP for articles published between the timeframe 1 January 1990 and 1 June 2023. All the searched articles were subjected to the Population, Exposure, Comparison, and Outcome model (PECO) based on which inclusion or exclusion is carried out. Participants (P) are children below 18 years of age, Exposure (E) is children or adolescents with a diagnosis of JIA, Comparator is age and gender‐matched healthy controls who has no JIA or any systemic disorder, Outcome (O) is the prevalence of TMD. Only the studies that evaluated TMD using diagnostic criteria for evaluation of TMD (DC/TMD) were included in the analysis. We have set the exclusion to the following reasons‐ diagnostic sensitivity studies, case reports, and systematic reviews. The software Review Manager Version 5.4 (Cochrane Collaboration) was used to perform the pooled analysis. We measured the risk ratio (RR) between the two groups (JIA and no JIA) for the outcome TMD. Results: The pooled total included subjects were 366 in this review with an established diagnosis of JIA as evaluated by DC/TMD. The overall effect of the pooled data suggests that there is a significant difference in the TMD prevalence in the JIA group when compared to the control, results suggest that TMD is more prevalent in the JIA group RR 3.86; 95% CI [2.59, 5.76]. Conclusion: Overall, based on the data we can suggest a positive relationship between JIA and TMD, hence presence of JIA can be a risk factor for the development of TMD. The sensitivity of DC/TMD is low when compared to magnetic resonance imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The objective of this investigation is to assess the relationship between the utilisation of orthodontic intermaxillary elastics and temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptoms in clear aligner patients and to examine the correlation between the elastic usage time with the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD)—Axis II Evaluation Forms. Methods: This study was carried out on a total of 40 clear aligner patients using intermaxillary elastics in the experimental group and 30 clear aligner patients who did not use any intermaxillary elastics in the control group. The data were evaluated using the Mann–Whitney U, chi‐square, Fisher's exact chi‐square, and Fisher Freeman Halton exact chi‐square tests. Results: The characteristic pain intensity, mastication, mobility, communication, global and PHQ‐9 scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group (p <.05). The characteristic pain intensity score, interference score and chronic pain grade score of patients using Class III elastics were statistically significantly higher than those of patients using Class II elastics (p <.05). Patients who used elastics for less than 6 months had statistically significantly higher PHQ‐9 scores than those who used elastics for more than 6 months (p <.05). Conclusions: Orthodontic treatment may affect occlusion, bite force and jaw movement, which may cause or worsen TMD symptoms, and the DC/TMD questionnaires can determine if orthodontic patients acquire TMD by assessing their psychosocial state and pain‐related problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Herbst appliance is an excellent therapy for treating class II malocclusions with increased overjet. Its mechanics involve propelling the mandibular bone using two pistons the patient cannot remove. The so-called bite-jumping keeps the mandible in a more anterior position for a variable period, usually at least 6 months. This appliance does not inhibit joint functions and movements, although there are scientific papers in the literature investigating whether this appliance can lead to temporomandibular disorders. This systematic review aims to evaluate whether Herbst's device can cause temporomandibular diseases by assessing the presence of TMD in patients before and after treatment. Methods: A literature search up to 3 May 2023 was carried out on three online databases: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Only studies that evaluated patients with Helkimo scores and Manual functional analysis were considered, as studies that assessed the difference in TMD before and after Herbst therapy. Review Manager version 5.2.8 (Cochrane Collaboration) was used for the pooled analysis. We measured the odds ratio (OR) between the two groups (pre and post-Herbst). Results: The included papers in this review were 60. Fifty-seven were excluded. In addition, a manual search was performed. After the search phase, four articles were considered in the study, one of which was found through a manual search. The overall effect showed that there was no difference in TMD prevalence between pre-Herbst and post-Herbst therapy (OR 0.74; 95% CI: 0.33–1.68). Conclusion: Herbst appliance seems not to lead to an increase in the incidence of TMD in treated patients; on the contrary, it appears to decrease it. Further studies are needed to assess the possible influence of Herbst on TMDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The eyes, being one of the most prominent facial features, play a crucial role in facial symmetry and are subject to extensive scrutiny in terms of their morphological and functional aspects. Numerous studies have explored the association between facial symmetry and the morphology of the eyes. Symmetrical faces are generally perceived as more attractive and are believed to indicate good genetic health. As a result, research has focused on the measurements of ocular symmetry, including inter-eye distance, eye shape, and eyelid symmetry. It has been found that individuals with more symmetrical eyes are often perceived as more attractive and exhibit enhanced social desirability. The eyes play a crucial role in facial expression and are vital sensory organs. A 49-year-old patient presented with a chief complaint of facial disfigurement due to shrunken right eyelids resulting from trauma-related evisceration. Various techniques for iris positioning have been reported in the literature, but they have had limitations. This clinical report presents an improved and effective technique utilizing a customized iris positioning device, consisting of a transparent graph sheet attached to a forehead clip. The customized ocular prosthesis significantly improved the patient's quality of life and restored her self-confidence. The customized iris positioning device offered enhanced proximity to the eye and provided several advantages, including accurate pupil centralization, customization, re-verification, and being cost-effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Obesity is a growing epidemic in the world. It increases the risk for severe health conditions, including diabetes, heart disease and stroke. Recent research has found that obesity is associated with an increased risk for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). The purpose of this literature review with meta‐analysis is to analyse the possible association between obesity and temporomandibular disorders. Materials and Methods: Pubmed, Web of Science and Lilacs were systematically searched until 01/03/2000. Articles dealing with TMD and obesity were selected, and numbers that might be useful in the meta‐analysis were extracted. Results: Fifty articles were chosen after using all three search engines. Thirty‐five articles were considered during the initial screening step. Four papers were chosen for title and abstract screening based on the PECO model. A manual search of bibliographies and the Cochrane database was also carried out, but no publications that matched the inclusion criteria were located. The articles and meta‐analysis did not show a clear association between obesity and temporomandibular disorders. Conclusion: There is no evidence regarding the reliability of either method. Both have superimposable results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]