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901 results on '"Rohani, Sohrab"'

84. Inhibition of Crystal Nucleation and Growth: A Review

Author

Zhang, Yuxin, Li, Beibei, Liu, Jian, Han, Dandan, Rohani, Sohrab, Gao, Zhenguo, and Gong, Junbo

Abstract

The formation of crystalline materials typically follows the nucleation and crystal growth pathway, which enables scientists to engineer crystal properties, and the metastable status that exists before nucleation plays a decisive role in affecting the feasibility of crystallization. Over the past decade, there has been significant interest in stabilizing metastable states, such as amorphous structures, metastable polymorphism, and supersaturated solutions, which requires the inhibition of crystal nucleation and growth. Based on the theories of crystal nucleation and growth, this paper provides a comprehensive review of molecular-scale inhibition techniques and their corresponding mechanisms. Nature additives and tailored additives are the most important methods for modulating molecular assembly, which can be scanned or designed following the principles of molecular interactions and docking. Confining molecules within nanometric spaces such as nano- or microporous materials or artificial interfaces can hinder the motions of molecules, thus affecting nucleation. Additionally, physical fields including magnetic, ultrasonic, and electric fields are reviewed in comparison of the acceleration and inhibition of nucleation. Furthermore, we summarize the application scenarios where inhibiting nucleation and crystal growth is essential across various domains including pharmaceuticals, biominerals, ice crystallization, etc. Lastly, research and application prospects are proposed for further exploration of the inhibition of crystal nucleation and growth.

Published
2024
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93. Deep‐learning based in situ image monitoring crystal polymorph and size distribution: Modeling and validation.

Author

Yao, Tuo, Liu, Jian, Wan, Xuxing, Li, Beibei, Rohani, Sohrab, Gao, Zhenguo, and Gong, Junbo

Subjects
DEEP learning, FINITE volume method, MODEL validation, IMAGE analysis, CRYSTALS, POLYMORPHIC transformations
Abstract

In situ monitoring and closed‐loop control of the solution crystallization process are the modern trends for pharmaceutical development, in which the critical process parameters (CPPs) as well as the product critical quality attributes (CQAs) can be regulated and guaranteed during the manufacturing process. In this study, an in situ image monitoring methodology based on a state‐of‐the‐art deep‐learning model was developed to track the CQAs such as polymorph ratio, two‐dimensional crystal size, and crystal shape in a solvent‐mediated polymorphic transformation (SMPT) process. Coupled with the multidimensional process information, a 2D population balance model (PBM) was developed and validated using the results of the in situ image‐based CQAs analysis. The 2D‐PBM was solved using a high‐resolution finite volume method (HR‐FVM) which could provide a high dimensional particle‐size distribution. Through the validation between the process image analysis and the 2D‐PBM, the accuracy of image analysis was discussed, and the potential and challenges of in situ image analysis were proposed. This work aims to integrate the crystal polymorphism and two‐dimensional crystal size distribution (2D‐CSD) information in the SMPT process using intelligent microscopic image analysis and then to validate the results of neural network processing by solving the numerical solution of the multidimensional PBM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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94. The green synthesis and applications of biological metal–organic frameworks for targeted drug delivery and tumor treatments.

Author

Binaeian, Ehsan, Nabipour, Hafezeh, Ahmadi, Soroush, and Rohani, Sohrab

Abstract

Biological metal–organic frameworks (bio-MOFs) constitute a growing subclass of MOFs composed of metals and bio-ligands derived from biology, such as nucleobases, peptides, saccharides, and amino acids. Bio-ligands are more abundant than other traditional organic ligands, providing multiple coordination sites for MOFs. However, bio-MOFs are typically prepared using hazardous or harmful solvents or reagents, as well as laborious processes that do not conform to environmentally friendly standards. To improve biocompatibility and biosafety, eco-friendly synthesis and functionalization techniques should be employed with mild conditions and safer materials, aiming to reduce or avoid the use of toxic and hazardous chemical agents. Recently, bio-MOF applications have gained importance in some research areas, including imaging, tumor therapy, and targeted drug delivery, owing to their flexibility, low steric hindrances, low toxicity, remarkable biocompatibility, surface property refining, and degradability. This has led to an exponential increase in research on these materials. This paper provides a comprehensive review of updated strategies for the synthesis of environmentally friendly bio-MOFs, as well as an examination of the current progress and accomplishments in green-synthesized bio-MOFs for drug delivery aims and tumor treatments. In conclusion, we consider the challenges of applying bio-MOFs for biomedical applications and clarify the possible research orientation that can lead to highly efficient therapeutic outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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