89 results on '"Rodriguez-Lainz, A."'
Search Results
52. Developing Infectious Disease Outbreak Emergency Communications for Populations With Limited English Proficiency: Insights to Sustain Collaborations Between Local Health Departments and Community-Based Organizations
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SteelFisher, Gillian K., Caporello, Hannah L., Stein, Rebekah I., Lubell, Keri M., Lane, Lindsay, Moharam Ali, Shakila, Briseño, Lisa, Dicent Taillepierre, Julio, Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, Boyea, Alyssa, Espino, Laura, and Aveling, Emma-Louise
- Abstract
Purpose State and local public health departments (LHDs) are encouraged to collaborate with community-based organizations (CBOs) to enhance communication and promote protective practices with communities made vulnerable during emergencies, but there is little evidence-based understanding of practical approaches to fostering collaboration in this context. This research focuses on how collaboration enhances LHD capacity for effective communication for people with limited English proficiency (LEP) during infectious disease outbreaks specifically and strategies to facilitate productive LHD-CBO collaboration.Design Qualitative, telephone interviews, conducted March-October 2021.Setting Rural and urban jurisdictions with Chinese-speaking or Spanish-speaking populations across the United States.Participants 36 LHD and 31 CBO staff working on outreach to Chinese and Spanish speakers during COVID-19.Method Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a team-based, codebook approach to thematic analysis.Results During COVID-19, CBOs extended LHD capacity to develop and disseminate effective communication, meaning communication that is rapidly in-language, culturally resonant, locally relevant, and trusted. Practical strategies to enable and sustain effective collaboration were needed to address operational dimensions (eg, material and administrative) and relational dimensions (eg, promoting trust and respect).Conclusion Policies and financing to support LHD-CBO collaborations are critical to improving communication with people with LEP and addressing long-standing inequities in outcomes during outbreaks.
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- 2024
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53. Adult vaccination disparities among foreign born populations in the United States, 2012
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Lu, Peng-jun, Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, O’Halloran, Alissa, Greby, Stacie, and Williams, Walter W.
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Adult ,Male ,Vaccination ,Emigrants and Immigrants ,Bacterial Infections ,Health Status Disparities ,Middle Aged ,Health Surveys ,Article ,United States ,Virus Diseases ,Preventive Health Services ,Humans ,Female ,Needs Assessment ,Aged - Abstract
Foreign-born persons are considered at higher risk of undervaccination and exposure to many vaccine-preventable diseases. Information on vaccination coverage among foreign-born populations is limited.To assess adult vaccination coverage disparities among foreign-born populations in the U.S.Data from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey were analyzed in 2013. For non-influenza vaccines, the weighted proportion vaccinated was calculated. For influenza vaccination, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to assess coverage among individuals interviewed during September 2011-June 2012 and vaccinated in August 2011-May 2012.Overall, unadjusted vaccination coverage among U.S.-born respondents was significantly higher than that of foreign-born respondents: influenza, age ≥18 years (40.4% vs 33.8%); pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV), 18-64 years with high-risk conditions (20.8% vs 13.7%); PPV, ≥65 years (62.6% vs 40.5%); tetanus vaccination, ≥18 years (65.0% vs 50.6%); tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap), ≥18 years (15.5% vs 9.3%); hepatitis B, 18-49 years (37.2% vs 28.4%); shingles, ≥60 years (21.3% vs 12.0%); and human papilloma virus (HPV), women 18-26 years (38.7% vs 14.7%). Among the foreign born, vaccination coverage was generally lower for non-U.S. citizens, recent immigrants, and those interviewed in a language other than English. Foreign-born individuals were less likely than U.S.-born people to be vaccinated for pneumococcal (≥65 years), tetanus, Tdap, and HPV (women) after adjusting for confounders.Vaccination coverage is lower among foreign-born adults than those born in the U.S. It is important to consider foreign birth and immigration status when assessing vaccination disparities and planning interventions.
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- 2014
54. Do Glazed Ceramic Pots in a Mexico-US Border City Still Contain Lead?
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Martha Vazquez-Erlbeck, Maria Carmen Castillo-Fregoso, Angel I. Osuna-Leal, Ana María Valles-Medina, Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz, and Maria Elena Martinez-Cervantes
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Toxicology ,Geography ,Article Subject ,Mineralogy ,Educational interventions ,Research Article - Abstract
In order to identify the presence of lead in glazed ceramic pots in a Mexico-US border city, 41 clay pots were sampled. The pots were purchased in several establishments located in different geographical areas of the city. The presence of lead was determined using LeadCheck Swabs. Most (58.5%) of the pots were from the State of Jalisco and 24.4% were of unknown origin. Only 4 pots did not contain varnish and were lead-negative. Thirty-seven (81.1%) of the glazed pots were lead positive. Among the lead-negative pots, 4 showed the label “this pot is lead-free.” Thus, if we consider the remaining 33 glazed pots without the “Lead-Free” label, 90.9% were lead-positive and only 9.1% were lead-negative. We also found that earthenware glazed utensils without the “Lead-Free” label were 1.6 times more likely to contain lead (OR: 1.6, 95% CI 1.0–2.5), P=0.003. We concluded that lead was detected in almost all acquired food containers. Government interventions in Mexico have focused on training manufacturers to make lead-free glazed ceramics but it has been difficult to eradicate this practice. Educational interventions to make and acquire lead-free glazed ceramics should be targeted to both sellers and buyers.
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- 2014
55. Vaccination Coverage Disparities Between Foreign-Born and U.S.-Born Children Aged 19–35 Months, United States, 2010–2012
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Varan, Aiden K., primary, Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, additional, Hill, Holly A., additional, Elam-Evans, Laurie D., additional, Yankey, David, additional, and Li, Qian, additional
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- 2016
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56. Use of lead-glazed ceramic ware and lead-based folk remedies in a rural community of Baja California, Mexico
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Welton, Michael, primary, Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, additional, Loza, Oralia, additional, Brodine, Stephanie, additional, and Fraga, Miguel, additional
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- 2016
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57. Papillomatous digital dermatitis on a commercial dairy farm in Mexicali, Mexico: Incidence and effect on reproduction and milk production
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David W. Hird, Felipe de Jesús Argáez-Rodríguez, Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz, Jorge Hernández de Anda, and Deryck H. Read
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Hoof and Claw ,Veterinary medicine ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Cattle Diseases ,Ice calving ,Dermatitis ,Biology ,Foot Diseases ,Animal science ,Food Animals ,Pregnancy ,Risk Factors ,Lactation ,medicine ,Animals ,Cumulative incidence ,Mexico ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Retrospective Studies ,media_common ,Incidence ,Reproduction ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Digital dermatitis ,food and beverages ,medicine.disease ,Survival Analysis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Lameness ,Regression Analysis ,Cattle ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Seasons - Abstract
This retrospective study of papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD) was performed using data for cows that calved between July 1993 and June 1994 on a Mexicali, Mexico, dairy farm in order to calculate incidence rates, and to compare milk yield and reproduction data between affected and nonaffected dairy cows. A total of 190 out of 577 (33%) cows were affected during lactation and six (1%) during the dry period. Fifty-two of 77 (68%) cows that had lesions in the previous lactation and were also present on the farm in the current lactation had lesions in the current lactation. The highest risk for PDD occurred during the first month of lactation (9%). The yearly estimated cumulative incidence risk was 35% and the incidence density rate was 44.6 cases per 1000 cow-months. More animals were affected in summer and fall than in winter and spring. Purchased animals were 3.4 times more likely to be affected than animals born on the farm. Survival analyses indicated healthy cows conceived 93 days after calving (median), but affected cows conceived 113 days after calving (median) (P < 0.01). PDD-affected animals produced less milk than healthy cows, but the difference was not statistically significant in the multiple regression.
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- 1997
58. Incidence and risk factors for bumblefoot (pododermatitis) in rehabilitated raptors
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Dale L. Brooks, Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz, David W. Hird, and Philip H. Kass
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Veterinary medicine ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Captivity ,California ,Birds ,Cohort Studies ,Foot Diseases ,Fractures, Bone ,Food Animals ,Risk Factors ,Bumblefoot ,Animals ,Wings, Animal ,Medicine ,Foot Injuries ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Retrospective Studies ,Bird Diseases ,business.industry ,Incidence ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Rehabilitation ,Retrospective cohort study ,Limb fracture ,Survival Analysis ,Median time ,Regression Analysis ,Animal Science and Zoology ,business ,Cohort study - Abstract
A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 821 raptors of 12 representative species, admitted to the California Raptor Center (CRC), during 1980-1990. The incidence rate for bumblefoot was 52 cases per 100 bird-years at risk. Eagles and hawks (buteos) were more likely to develop bumblefoot, and did so earlier during their captivity than other species. Also, raptors admitted with a limb fracture had the greatest risk (OR = 4.2) of developing bumblefoot than any other condition on entry. Median time from admission to development of bumblefoot was 52 days, and median duration of bumblefoot was 23 days.
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- 1997
59. Infectious disease surveillance in globally mobile populations
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Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz and Katrin S. Kohl
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Globalization ,Infectious disease (medical specialty) ,business.industry ,Environmental health ,Medicine ,business - Published
- 2013
60. Use of lead-glazed ceramic ware and lead-based folk remedies in a rural community of Baja California, Mexico.
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Welton, Michael, Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, Loza, Oralia, Brodine, Stephanie, and Fraga, Miguel
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Background: Lead exposure from lead-glazed ceramics (LGCs) and traditional folk remedies have been identified as significant sources of elevated blood lead levels in Mexico and the United States. This study took place from 2005 to 2012 in a rural community in Baja California, Mexico.Objectives: 1) Investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to lead and lead exposures from LGCs and two lead-based folk remedies ( azarcon and greta); and 2) evaluate a pilot intervention to provide alternative lead-safe cookware.Methods: A baseline household survey was conducted in 2005, followed by the pilot intervention in 2006, and follow-up surveys in 2007 and 2012. For the pilot intervention, families who reported using LGCs were given lead-safe alternative cookware to try and its acceptance was evaluated in the following year.Results: The community was mostly of indigenous background from Oaxaca and a high proportion of households had young children. In 2006, all participants using traditional ceramic ware at the time ( n = 48) accepted lead-safe alternative cookware to try, and 97% reported that they were willing to exchange traditional ceramic ware for lead-safe alternatives. The use of ceramic cookware decreased from over 90% during respondents' childhood household use in Oaxaca to 47% in 2006 among households in Baja California, and further reduced to 16.8% in 2012. While empacho, a folk illness, was widely recognized as an intestinal disorder, there was almost universal unfamiliarity with the use and knowledge of azarcon and greta for its treatment.Conclusion: This pilot evaluation provides evidence 1) for an effective and innovative strategy to reduce lead exposure from LGCs and 2) of the feasibility of substituting lead-free alternative cookware for traditional ceramic ware in a rural indigenous community, when delivered in a culturally appropriate manner with health education. This strategy could complement other approaches to reduce exposure to lead from LGCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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61. Collection of Data on Race, Ethnicity, Language, and Nativity by US Public Health Surveillance and Monitoring Systems: Gaps and Opportunities.
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Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, McDonald, Mariana, Fonseca-Ford, Maureen, Penman-Aguilar, Ana, Waterman, Stephen H., Truman, Benedict I., Cetron, Martin S., and Richards, Chesley L.
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BIRTHPLACES , *EMIGRATION & immigration , *ETHNIC groups , *HEALTH services accessibility , *HEALTH status indicators , *LANGUAGE & languages , *MEDICAL quality control , *PUBLIC health , *PUBLIC health surveillance , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *RACE , *SURVEYS , *ACQUISITION of data - Abstract
Objective: Despite increasing diversity in the US population, substantial gaps in collecting data on race, ethnicity, primary language, and nativity indicators persist in public health surveillance and monitoring systems. In addition, few systems provide questionnaires in foreign languages for inclusion of non-English speakers. We assessed (1) the extent of data collected on race, ethnicity, primary language, and nativity indicators (ie, place of birth, immigration status, and years in the United States) and (2) the use of data-collection instruments in non-English languages among Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)–supported public health surveillance and monitoring systems in the United States. Methods: We identified CDC-supported surveillance and health monitoring systems in place from 2010 through 2013 by searching CDC websites and other federal websites. For each system, we assessed its website, documentation, and publications for evidence of the variables of interest and use of data-collection instruments in non-English languages. We requested missing information from CDC program officials, as needed. Results: Of 125 data systems, 100 (80%) collected data on race and ethnicity, 2 more collected data on ethnicity but not race, 26 (21%) collected data on racial/ethnic subcategories, 40 (32%) collected data on place of birth, 21 (17%) collected data on years in the United States, 14 (11%) collected data on immigration status, 13 (10%) collected data on primary language, and 29 (23%) used non-English data-collection instruments. Population-based surveys and disease registries more often collected data on detailed variables than did case-based, administrative, and multiple-source systems. Conclusions: More complete and accurate data on race, ethnicity, primary language, and nativity can improve the quality, representativeness, and usefulness of public health surveillance and monitoring systems to plan and evaluate targeted public health interventions to eliminate health disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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62. Case-control study of papillomatous digital dermatitis in Southern California dairy farms
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David W. Hird, Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz, Tim E. Carpenter, and Deryck H. Read
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Veterinary medicine ,animal structures ,animal diseases ,Digital dermatitis ,Case-control study ,Annual average ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis ,Odds ,Animal science ,Food Animals ,Lameness ,medicine ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Control methods ,Dairy cattle - Abstract
Data from 37 southern California dairy farms, with an annual average proportion of > 5% of cows affected by papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD) (cases), were compared with those from 20 dairy farms with ≤ 5% cows affected (controls). Information on dairy environment, management and PDD occurrence was obtained from dairy managers, veterinarians and hooftrimmers, and by direct measurements at the farms. Odds of having a higher proportion (> 5%) of cows affected were about 20 times greater in dairy farms with muddier corrals than in drier dairy farms. Buying replacement heifers was associated with a 4.7-fold increase in the odds of higher PDD prevalence, compared to dairy farms that did not buy heifers. In addition, a positive association was found between risk and number of heifers purchased. Spatial analysis (used to examine distribution patterns of the study dairy farms) showed no evidence of clustering among case or control dairy farms. There was no association between case dairy farms and proximity to the major local river.
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- 1996
63. Prevalencia y factores de riesgo para dermatitis papilomatosa digital en ganado lechero en la X Region, Chile
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Jonathan Arzt, Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz, David W. Hird, Deryck H. Read, and Gemita Guarda
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Economics and Econometrics ,Materials Chemistry ,Media Technology ,Forestry - Published
- 2010
64. Civil Surgeon Tuberculosis Evaluations for Foreign-Born Persons Seeking Permanent U.S. Residence
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Bemis, Kelley, primary, Thornton, Andrew, additional, Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, additional, Lowenthal, Phil, additional, Escobedo, Miguel, additional, Sosa, Lynn E., additional, Tibbs, Andrew, additional, Sharnprapai, Sharon, additional, Moser, Kathleen S., additional, Cochran, Jennifer, additional, and Lobato, Mark N., additional
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- 2015
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65. Health Risk Behaviors by Length of Time in the United States Among High School Students in Five Sites
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Jones, Sherry Everett, primary, Pezzi, Clelia, additional, Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, additional, and Whittle, Lisa, additional
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- 2014
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66. Adult Vaccination Disparities Among Foreign-Born Populations in the U.S., 2012
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Lu, Peng-jun, primary, Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, additional, O’Halloran, Alissa, additional, Greby, Stacie, additional, and Williams, Walter W., additional
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- 2014
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67. Surveillance of Vaccination Coverage Among Adult Populations -- United States, 2018.
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Peng-Jun Lu, Mei-Chuan Hung, Srivastav, Anup, Grohskopf, Lisa A., Miwako Kobayashi, Harris, Aaron M., Dooling, Kathleen L., Markowitz, Lauri E., Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, and Williams, Walter W.
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VACCINATION ,INFLUENZA vaccines ,DPT vaccines ,VACCINES ,VIRAL hepatitis ,INTERVIEWING ,PNEUMOCOCCAL vaccines ,RACE ,HERPES zoster vaccines ,HUMAN papillomavirus vaccines ,HEALTH insurance - Abstract
Problem/Condition: Adults are at risk for illness, hospitalization, disability and, in some cases, death from vaccine-preventable diseases, particularly influenza and pneumococcal disease. CDC recommends vaccinations for adults on the basis of age, health conditions, prior vaccinations, and other considerations. Updated vaccination recommendations from CDC are published annually in the U.S. Adult Immunization Schedule. Despite longstanding recommendations for use of many vaccines, vaccination coverage among U.S. adults remains low. Reporting Period: August 2017--June 2018 (for influenza vaccination) and January--December 2018 (for pneumococcal, herpes zoster, tetanus and diphtheria [Td]/tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis [Tdap], hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and human papillomavirus [HPV] vaccination). Description of System: The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a continuous, cross-sectional national household survey of the noninstitutionalized U.S. civilian population. In-person interviews are conducted throughout the year in a probability sample of households, and NHIS data are compiled and released annually. NHIS's objective is to monitor the health of the U.S. population and provide estimates of health indicators, health care use and access, and health-related behaviors. Adult receipt of influenza, pneumococcal, herpes zoster, Td/Tdap, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and at least 1 dose of HPV vaccines was assessed. Estimates were derived for a new composite adult vaccination quality measure and by selected demographic and access-to-care characteristics (e.g., age, race/ethnicity, indication for vaccination, travel history [travel to countries where hepatitis infections are endemic], health insurance status, contacts with physicians, nativity, and citizenship). Trends in adult vaccination were assessed during 2010-2018. Results: Coverage for the adult age-appropriate composite measure was low in all age groups. Racial and ethnic differences in coverage persisted for all vaccinations, with lower coverage for most vaccinations among non-White compared with non-Hispanic White adults. Linear trend tests indicated coverage increased from 2010 to 2018 for most vaccines in this report. Few adults aged ≥19 years had received all age-appropriate vaccines, including influenza vaccination, regardless of whether inclusion of Tdap (13.5%) or inclusion of any tetanus toxoid--containing vaccine (20.2%) receipt was measured. Coverage among adults for influenza vaccination during the 2017-18 season (46.1%) was similar to the estimate for the 2016-17 season (45.4%), and coverage for pneumococcal (adults aged ≥65 years [69.0%]), herpes zoster (adults aged ≥50 years and aged ≥60 years [24.1% and 34.5%, respectively]), tetanus (adults aged ≥19 years [62.9%]), Tdap (adults aged ≥19 years [31.2%]), hepatitis A (adults aged ≥19 years [11.9%]), and HPV (females aged 19--26 years [52.8%]) vaccination in 2018 were similar to the estimates for 2017. Hepatitis B vaccination coverage among adults aged ≥19 years and health care personnel (HCP) aged ≥19 years increased 4.2 and 6.7 percentage points to 30.0% and 67.2%, respectively, from 2017. HPV vaccination coverage among males aged 19--26 years increased 5.2 percentage points to 26.3% from the 2017 estimate. Overall, HPV vaccination coverage among females aged 19--26 years did not increase, but coverage among Hispanic females aged 19--26 years increased 10.8 percentage points to 49.6% from the 2017 estimate. Coverage for the following vaccines was lower among adults without health insurance compared with those with health insurance: influenza vaccine (among adults aged ≥19 years, 19--49 years, and 50--64 years), pneumococcal vaccine (among adults aged 19--64 years at increased risk), Td vaccine (among all age groups), Tdap vaccine (among adults aged ≥19 years and 19--64 years), hepatitis A vaccine (among adults aged ≥19 years overall and among travelers aged ≥19 years), hepatitis B vaccine (among adults aged ≥19 years and 19--49 years and among travelers aged ≥19 years), herpes zoster vaccine (among adults aged ≥60 years), and HPV vaccine (among males and females aged 19--26 years). Adults who reported having a usual place for health care generally reported receipt of recommended vaccinations more often than those who did not have such a place, regardless of whether they had health insurance. Vaccination coverage was higher among adults reporting ≥1 physician contact during the preceding year compared with those who had not visited a physician during the preceding year, regardless of whether they had health insurance. Even among adults who had health insurance and ≥10 physician contacts during the preceding year, depending on the vaccine, 20.1%--87.5% reported not having received vaccinations that were recommended either for all persons or for those with specific indications. Overall, vaccination coverage among U.S.-born adults was significantly higher than that of foreign-born adults, including influenza vaccination (aged ≥19 years), pneumococcal vaccination (all ages), tetanus vaccination (all ages), Tdap vaccination (all ages), hepatitis B vaccination (aged ≥19 years and 19--49 years and travelers aged ≥19 years), herpes zoster vaccination (all ages), and HPV vaccination among females aged 19--26 years. Vaccination coverage also varied by citizenship status and years living in the United States. Interpretation: NHIS data indicate that many adults remain unprotected against vaccine-preventable diseases. Coverage for the adult age-appropriate composite measures was low in all age groups. Individual adult vaccination coverage remained low as well, but modest gains occurred in vaccination coverage for hepatitis B (among adults aged ≥19 years and HCP aged ≥19 years), and HPV (among males aged 19--26 years and Hispanic females aged 19--26 years). Coverage for other vaccines and groups with Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices vaccination indications did not improve from 2017. Although HPV vaccination coverage among males aged 19--26 years and Hispanic females aged 19--26 years increased, approximately 50% of females aged 19--26 years and 70% of males aged 19--26 years remained unvaccinated. Racial/ethnic vaccination differences persisted for routinely recommended adult vaccines. Having health insurance coverage, having a usual place for health care, and having ≥1 physician contacts during the preceding 12 months were associated with higher vaccination coverage; however, these factors alone were not associated with optimal adult vaccination coverage, and findings indicate missed opportunities to vaccinate remained. Public Health Actions: Substantial improvement in adult vaccination uptake is needed to reduce the burden of vaccinepreventable diseases. Following the Standards for Adult Immunization Practice (https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/adults/forpractice/ standards/index.html), all providers should routinely assess adults' vaccination status at every clinical encounter, strongly recommend appropriate vaccines, either offer needed vaccines or refer their patients to another provider who can administer the needed vaccines, and document vaccinations received by their patients in an immunization information system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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68. Do Glazed Ceramic Pots in a Mexico-US Border City Still Contain Lead?
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Valles-Medina, Ana M., primary, Osuna-Leal, Angel I., additional, Martinez-Cervantes, Maria Elena, additional, Castillo-Fregoso, Maria Carmen, additional, Vazquez-Erlbeck, Martha, additional, and Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, additional
- Published
- 2014
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69. Farm- and host-level risk factors for papillomatous digital dermatitis in Chilean dairy cattle
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Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz, David W. Hird, Richard L. Walker, Deryck H. Read, and Pedro Melendez-Retamal
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Veterinary medicine ,Hoof and Claw ,animal structures ,Lameness, Animal ,Ice calving ,Cattle Diseases ,Dermatitis ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Milking ,Odds ,Animal science ,Food Animals ,Risk Factors ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,mental disorders ,Medicine ,Animals ,Lactation ,Chile ,Dairy cattle ,Foot Dermatoses ,Papilloma ,business.industry ,Digital dermatitis ,food and beverages ,Odds ratio ,Animal husbandry ,medicine.disease ,Housing, Animal ,Dairying ,Parity ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Logistic Models ,Milk ,Multivariate Analysis ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Cattle ,Female ,business - Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted in southern Chile between January and March, 1996, to identify risk factors for papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD) in lactating dairy and dual-purpose cows. A total of 3,265 cows from 22 farms were examined in the milking parlor for PDD lesions. Additional information was collected from dairies' computerized records and by direct interview of managers. Data were analyzed using logistic and logistic-binomial regression (with dairy as a random-effect term). German Red-Pied (dual-purpose) cows were significantly (P < 0.05) less likely (odds ratio (OR) = 0.3) to have PDD lesions than German Black-Pied and Holstein crossbreds. First-parity cows had the highest odds of PDD, and odds diminished, in a dose-effect manner, as parity increased. Odds of PDD increased with increasing days in lactation. Cows that calved during winter were more likely to have PDD (OR = 1.4) than those calving at any other season. Cows on farms that bought heifers in the past 10 years had a 3-fold increase in the odds of PDD compared to those on farms that never bought heifers. Loose-housed cows had a higher risk of PDD (OR = 7), followed by cows in free stalls or in open corrals (OR = 2.8 and 1.3, respectively), compared to cows on pasture all year. Cows on dairies that used a footbath during 1996 were less likely (OR = 0.3) to have PDD than those in dairies not using one. Parlor type was associated with PDD, but this was likely an effect of parlor design on ease of inspection of cows' feet. A policy of trimming all cows' vs. only lame cows' feet and a policy about buying adult cows did not have significant effects on PDD risk.
- Published
- 1999
70. Papillomatous digital dermatitis in Chilean dairies and evaluation of a screening method
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Deryck H. Read, David W. Hird, Pedro Melendez-Retamal, and Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz
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Veterinary medicine ,animal structures ,Screening test ,Lameness, Animal ,Cattle Diseases ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis ,Milking ,Food Animals ,Environmental health ,mental disorders ,Screening method ,Prevalence ,Medicine ,Animals ,Mass Screening ,Chile ,Foot Dermatoses ,business.industry ,Digital dermatitis ,food and beverages ,Reproducibility of Results ,medicine.disease ,nervous system diseases ,Geographic distribution ,Lameness ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Cattle ,Female ,business - Abstract
Outbreaks of papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD) have been reported from many countries, but there is little information on prevalence and geographic distribution of the disease. Our objectives were to describe prevalence of PDD on dairies belonging to the two main dairy-producer associations in Chile, and to evaluate a milking-parlor screening method for detection of PDD in dairy cows. First, a self-administered questionnaire was sent to all 214 association dairy managers. Seventy percent of the 119 respondents had observed PDD on their dairies. About 83% of the 63 responding managers had first seen PDD during the previous 10 years. Subsequently, a random sample of 43 dairies stratified by association was selected from the total 214 for PDD screening. During milking, we inspected cows' feet for PDD lesions; 91% of dairies had cows affected by PDD; median PDD prevalence for milking cows in dairies was 6.1%. Finally, in one dairy, PDD screening at the parlor was compared to PDD diagnosis by inspecting restrained cows in a chute. The screening method had a sensitivity of 0.72, and a specificity of 0.99. This study demonstrated that PDD was widespread on study dairies in Chile. The screening test presented can be used as a cost efficient method to estimate prevalence of PDD either on individual dairies or in large-scale surveys.
- Published
- 1999
71. Immigrant Health Inequalities in the United States: Use of Eight Major National Data Systems
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Singh, Gopal K., primary, Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, additional, and Kogan, Michael D., additional
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- 2013
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72. Prevalencia y factores de riesgo para dermatitis papilomatosa digital en ganado lechero en la X Region, Chile.
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Arzt, Jonathan, primary, Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, additional, Hird, David W., additional, Read, Deryck H., additional, and Guarda, Gemita, additional
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- 2010
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73. Recovery of Mycobacterium bovis from Soft Fresh Cheese Originating in Mexico
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Harris, N. Beth, primary, Payeur, Janet, additional, Bravo, Doris, additional, Osorio, Ruben, additional, Stuber, Tod, additional, Farrell, David, additional, Paulson, Debra, additional, Treviso, Scarlett, additional, Mikolon, Andrea, additional, Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, additional, Cernek-Hoskins, Shannon, additional, Rast, Robert, additional, Ginsberg, Michele, additional, and Kinde, Hailu, additional
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- 2007
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74. Recovery of Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and Mycobacterium bovis from Cheese Entering the United States through a Noncommercial Land Port of Entry
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Kinde, Hailu, primary, Mikolon, Andrea, additional, Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, additional, Adams, Cathy, additional, Walker, Richard L., additional, Cernek-Hoskins, Shannon, additional, Treviso, Scarlett, additional, Ginsberg, Michele, additional, Rast, Robert, additional, Harris, Beth, additional, Payeur, Janet B., additional, Waterman, Steve, additional, and Ardans, Alex, additional
- Published
- 2007
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75. Do Glazed Ceramic Pots in a Mexico-US Border City Still Contain Lead?
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Valles-Medina, Ana M., Osuna-Leal, Angel I., Martinez-Cervantes, Maria Elena, Castillo-Fregoso, Maria Carmen, Vazquez-Erlbeck, Martha, and Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso
- Subjects
CERAMIC materials ,LEAD ,FOOD containers ,CLAY pot cooking ,EDUCATIONAL intervention - Abstract
In order to identify the presence of lead in glazed ceramic pots in a Mexico-US border city, 41 clay pots were sampled. The pots were purchased in several establishments located in different geographical areas of the city. The presence of lead was determined using Lead Check Swabs. Most (58.5%) of the pots were from the State of Jalisco and 24.4% were of unknown origin. Only 4 pots did not contain varnish and were lead-negative. Thirty-seven (81.1%) of the glazed pots were lead positive. Among the lead-negative pots, 4 showed the label "this pot is lead-free." Thus, if we consider the remaining 33 glazed pots without the "Lead-Free" label, 90.9% were lead-positive and only 9.1% were lead-negative. We also found that earthenware glazed utensils without the "Lead-Free" label were 1.6 times more likely to contain lead (OR: 1.6, 95% CI 1.0-2.5), P = 0.003. We concluded that lead was detected in almost all acquired food containers. Government interventions in Mexico have focused on training manufacturers to make lead-free glazed ceramics but it has been difficult to eradicate this practice. Educational interventions to make and acquire lead-free glazed ceramics should be targeted to both sellers and buyers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
76. Farm- and host-level risk factors for papillomatous digital dermatitis in Chilean dairy cattle
- Author
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Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, primary, Melendez-Retamal, Pedro, additional, Hird, David W, additional, Read, Deryck H, additional, and Walker, Richard L, additional
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
77. Papillomatous digital dermatitis in Chilean dairies and evaluation of a screening method
- Author
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Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, primary, Melendez-Retamal, Pedro, additional, Hird, David W, additional, and Read, Deryck H, additional
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
78. Incidence and risk factors for bumblefoot (pododermatitis) in rehabilitated raptors
- Author
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Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso J., primary, Hird, David W., additional, Kass, Philip H., additional, and Brooks, Dale L., additional
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
79. Assessment of Clarity of Images in COVID-19 Health Education Materials Among Diverse Communities in the United States.
- Author
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Pinto, Sarah J., Rubio, Bianca, Blackmun Elsberry, Lauren, Rivera, Cesar, and Rodriguez Lainz, Alfonso
- Subjects
- *
VISUAL communication , *POSTURE , *HEALTH equity , *COMMERCIAL product testing , *HEALTH education - Abstract
Given the need to provide clear communication to diverse audiences in the United States during public health emergencies, this assessment of images in COVID-19 communication materials identified ways to improve visual communication design. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 74 participants from various racial and ethnic backgrounds to gauge the clarity of images without associated text used in two infographics. Most images were understood by participants, but for each image at least some participants had an interpretation different from intended or only captured a portion of the message. Some images were interpreted by most or all participants as representing something other than intended. Participant recommendations were used to develop seven practical ways to improve image clarity: realistic graphics, exaggerated body position and actions, details to show image context and background, icons to encourage or discourage actions, symbols to show movement, consistency in recommended behavior in each image, and closely matching image to associated text. These elements can be applied in combination with existing health equity guiding principles for creating visual communication products before testing and validating products with intended audiences of different sociodemographic and cultural background to ensure appropriateness and clarity of images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
80. Recovery of Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and Mycobacterium bovisfrom Cheese Entering the United States through a Noncommercial Land Port of Entry
- Author
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Kinde, Hailu, Mikolon, Andrea, Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, Adams, Cathy, Walker, Richard L., Cernek-Hoskins, Shannon, Treviso, Scarlett, Ginsberg, Michele, Rast, Robert, Harris, Beth, Payeur, Janet B., Waterman, Steve, and Ardans, Alex
- Abstract
A joint multiagency project was initiated in response to a Salmonellaoutbreak in San Diego County, California, in 2004. Samples of cheese were collected during four 1-day operations at the San Ysidro port of entry, along the United States–Mexico border. Surveyed participants were persons crossing the border as pedestrians or in vehicles who had a minimum of 2.27 kg of cheese, which may suggest a potential diversion to illegal marketing. In addition, data were collected about the cheese to identify risk factors for cheese contamination. Two hundred four cheese samples were submitted to the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System–San Bernardino Branch and analyzed for potential food pathogens. Ninety-four percent (190 of 203) of the samples tested positive for alkaline phosphatase. Salmonellawas detected from 13% (27 of 204) of the samples comprising 11 serogroups and 28 serotypes. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis DNA fingerprinting analysis, performed following standardized methods, determined that an isolate obtained from this study had an indistinguishable pattern from a recent Salmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium var. Copenhagen epidemic in the San Diego County that was linked to 14 illnesses. Listeriaspp. were detected from 4% (8 of 204) of the samples, and of these, half were identified as L. monocytogenes. Escherichia coliO157:H7 was not detected from any of the samples. Mycobacterium boviswas detected from one panela-style cheese sample. Nine additional samples yielded Mycobacteriumspp.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
81. Papillomatous digital dermatitis on a commercial dairy farm in Mexicali, Mexico: Incidence and effect on reproduction and milk production
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Argaez-Rodriguez, De Jesus, F., Hird, D. W., Anda, J. Hernandez de, Read, D. H., and Rodriguez-Lainz, A.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
82. Case-control study of papillomatous digital dermatitis in southern California dairy farms
- Author
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Rodriguez-Lainz, A., Hird, D. W., Carpenter, T. E., and Read, D. H.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
83. Incidence of hansen’s disease — United States, 1994–2011
- Author
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Nolen, L., Dana Haberling, Scollard, D., Truman, R., Rodriguez-Lainz, A., Blum, L., and Blaney, D.
- Subjects
Delayed Diagnosis ,Incidence ,Leprosy ,Emigrants and Immigrants ,Humans ,Articles ,United States - Abstract
Hansen's disease (HD), or leprosy, is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae and is reportable in many states. It is a chronic disease affecting the skin and nerves, commonly presenting as pale or reddish skin patches with diminished sensation. Without treatment, it can progress to a severely debilitating disease with nerve damage, tissue destruction, and functional loss. An important factor in limiting HD morbidity is early diagnosis and prompt initiation of therapy. Because HD is rare, clinicians in the United States are often unfamiliar with it; however, HD continues to cause morbidity in the United States. To better characterize at-risk U.S. populations, HD trends during 1994-2011 were evaluated by reviewing records from the National Hansen's Disease Program (NHDP). When the periods 1994-1996 and 2009-2011 were compared, a decline in the rate for new diagnoses from 0.52 to 0.43 per million was observed. The rate among foreign-born persons decreased from 3.66 to 2.29, whereas the rate among U.S.-born persons was 0.16 in both 1994-1996 and 2009-2011. Delayed diagnosis was more common among foreign-born persons. Clinicians throughout the United States should familiarize themselves with the signs and symptoms of HD and understand that HD can occur in the United States.
84. Surveillance of Vaccination Coverage Among Adult Populations -United States, 2018.
- Author
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Lu PJ, Hung MC, Srivastav A, Grohskopf LA, Kobayashi M, Harris AM, Dooling KL, Markowitz LE, Rodriguez-Lainz A, and Williams WW
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Female, Health Care Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, United States, Young Adult, Population Surveillance, Vaccination Coverage statistics & numerical data, Vaccines administration & dosage
- Abstract
Problem/condition: Adults are at risk for illness, hospitalization, disability and, in some cases, death from vaccine-preventable diseases, particularly influenza and pneumococcal disease. CDC recommends vaccinations for adults on the basis of age, health conditions, prior vaccinations, and other considerations. Updated vaccination recommendations from CDC are published annually in the U.S. Adult Immunization Schedule. Despite longstanding recommendations for use of many vaccines, vaccination coverage among U.S. adults remains low., Reporting Period: August 2017-June 2018 (for influenza vaccination) and January-December 2018 (for pneumococcal, herpes zoster, tetanus and diphtheria [Td]/tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis [Tdap], hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and human papillomavirus [HPV] vaccination)., Description of System: The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a continuous, cross-sectional national household survey of the noninstitutionalized U.S. civilian population. In-person interviews are conducted throughout the year in a probability sample of households, and NHIS data are compiled and released annually. NHIS's objective is to monitor the health of the U.S. population and provide estimates of health indicators, health care use and access, and health-related behaviors. Adult receipt of influenza, pneumococcal, herpes zoster, Td/Tdap, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and at least 1 dose of HPV vaccines was assessed. Estimates were derived for a new composite adult vaccination quality measure and by selected demographic and access-to-care characteristics (e.g., age, race/ethnicity, indication for vaccination, travel history [travel to countries where hepatitis infections are endemic], health insurance status, contacts with physicians, nativity, and citizenship). Trends in adult vaccination were assessed during 2010-2018., Results: Coverage for the adult age-appropriate composite measure was low in all age groups. Racial and ethnic differences in coverage persisted for all vaccinations, with lower coverage for most vaccinations among non-White compared with non-Hispanic White adults. Linear trend tests indicated coverage increased from 2010 to 2018 for most vaccines in this report. Few adults aged ≥19 years had received all age-appropriate vaccines, including influenza vaccination, regardless of whether inclusion of Tdap (13.5%) or inclusion of any tetanus toxoid-containing vaccine (20.2%) receipt was measured. Coverage among adults for influenza vaccination during the 2017-18 season (46.1%) was similar to the estimate for the 2016-17 season (45.4%), and coverage for pneumococcal (adults aged ≥65 years [69.0%]), herpes zoster (adults aged ≥50 years and aged ≥60 years [24.1% and 34.5%, respectively]), tetanus (adults aged ≥19 years [62.9%]), Tdap (adults aged ≥19 years [31.2%]), hepatitis A (adults aged ≥19 years [11.9%]), and HPV (females aged 19-26 years [52.8%]) vaccination in 2018 were similar to the estimates for 2017. Hepatitis B vaccination coverage among adults aged ≥19 years and health care personnel (HCP) aged ≥19 years increased 4.2 and 6.7 percentage points to 30.0% and 67.2%, respectively, from 2017. HPV vaccination coverage among males aged 19-26 years increased 5.2 percentage points to 26.3% from the 2017 estimate. Overall, HPV vaccination coverage among females aged 19-26 years did not increase, but coverage among Hispanic females aged 19-26 years increased 10.8 percentage points to 49.6% from the 2017 estimate. Coverage for the following vaccines was lower among adults without health insurance compared with those with health insurance: influenza vaccine (among adults aged ≥19 years, 19-49 years, and 50-64 years), pneumococcal vaccine (among adults aged 19-64 years at increased risk), Td vaccine (among all age groups), Tdap vaccine (among adults aged ≥19 years and 19-64 years), hepatitis A vaccine (among adults aged ≥19 years overall and among travelers aged ≥19 years), hepatitis B vaccine (among adults aged ≥19 years and 19-49 years and among travelers aged ≥19 years), herpes zoster vaccine (among adults aged ≥60 years), and HPV vaccine (among males and females aged 19-26 years). Adults who reported having a usual place for health care generally reported receipt of recommended vaccinations more often than those who did not have such a place, regardless of whether they had health insurance. Vaccination coverage was higher among adults reporting ≥1 physician contact during the preceding year compared with those who had not visited a physician during the preceding year, regardless of whether they had health insurance. Even among adults who had health insurance and ≥10 physician contacts during the preceding year, depending on the vaccine, 20.1%-87.5% reported not having received vaccinations that were recommended either for all persons or for those with specific indications. Overall, vaccination coverage among U.S.-born adults was significantly higher than that of foreign-born adults, including influenza vaccination (aged ≥19 years), pneumococcal vaccination (all ages), tetanus vaccination (all ages), Tdap vaccination (all ages), hepatitis B vaccination (aged ≥19 years and 19-49 years and travelers aged ≥19 years), herpes zoster vaccination (all ages), and HPV vaccination among females aged 19-26 years. Vaccination coverage also varied by citizenship status and years living in the United States., Interpretation: NHIS data indicate that many adults remain unprotected against vaccine-preventable diseases. Coverage for the adult age-appropriate composite measures was low in all age groups. Individual adult vaccination coverage remained low as well, but modest gains occurred in vaccination coverage for hepatitis B (among adults aged ≥19 years and HCP aged ≥19 years), and HPV (among males aged 19-26 years and Hispanic females aged 19-26 years). Coverage for other vaccines and groups with Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices vaccination indications did not improve from 2017. Although HPV vaccination coverage among males aged 19-26 years and Hispanic females aged 19-26 years increased, approximately 50% of females aged 19-26 years and 70% of males aged 19-26 years remained unvaccinated. Racial/ethnic vaccination differences persisted for routinely recommended adult vaccines. Having health insurance coverage, having a usual place for health care, and having ≥1 physician contacts during the preceding 12 months were associated with higher vaccination coverage; however, these factors alone were not associated with optimal adult vaccination coverage, and findings indicate missed opportunities to vaccinate remained., Public Health Actions: Substantial improvement in adult vaccination uptake is needed to reduce the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases. Following the Standards for Adult Immunization Practice (https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/adults/for-practice/standards/index.html), all providers should routinely assess adults' vaccination status at every clinical encounter, strongly recommend appropriate vaccines, either offer needed vaccines or refer their patients to another provider who can administer the needed vaccines, and document vaccinations received by their patients in an immunization information system., Competing Interests: All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. No potential conflicts of interest were reported.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
85. Vital signs: leading causes of death, prevalence of diseases and risk factors, and use of health services among Hispanics in the United States - 2009-2013.
- Author
-
Dominguez K, Penman-Aguilar A, Chang MH, Moonesinghe R, Castellanos T, Rodriguez-Lainz A, and Schieber R
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Risk Factors, United States epidemiology, Young Adult, Cause of Death, Disease ethnology, Health Services statistics & numerical data, Hispanic or Latino statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Background: Hispanics and Latinos (Hispanics) are estimated to represent 17.7% of the U.S. population. Published national health estimates stratified by Hispanic origin and nativity are lacking., Methods: Four national data sets were analyzed to compare Hispanics overall, non-Hispanic whites (whites), and Hispanic country/region of origin subgroups (Hispanic origin subgroups) for leading causes of death, prevalence of diseases and associated risk factors, and use of health services. Analyses were generally restricted to ages 18-64 years and were further stratified when possible by sex and nativity., Results: Hispanics were on average nearly 15 years younger than whites; they were more likely to live below the poverty line and not to have completed high school. Hispanics showed a 24% lower all-cause death rate and lower death rates for nine of the 15 leading causes of death, but higher death rates from diabetes (51% higher), chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (48%), essential hypertension and hypertensive renal disease (8%), and homicide (96%) and higher prevalence of diabetes (133%) and obesity (23%) compared with whites. In all, 41.5% of Hispanics lacked health insurance (15.1% of whites), and 15.5% of Hispanics reported delay or nonreceipt of needed medical care because of cost concerns (13.6% of whites). Among Hispanics, self-reported smoking prevalences varied by Hispanic origin and by sex. U.S.-born Hispanics had higher prevalences of obesity, hypertension, smoking, heart disease, and cancer than foreign-born Hispanics: 30% higher, 40%, 72%, 89%, and 93%, respectively., Conclusion: Hispanics had better health outcomes than whites for most analyzed health factors, despite facing worse socioeconomic barriers, but they had much higher death rates from diabetes, chronic liver disease/cirrhosis, and homicide, and a higher prevalence of obesity. There were substantial differences among Hispanics by origin, nativity, and sex., Implications for Public Health: Differences by origin, nativity, and sex are important considerations when targeting health programs to specific audiences. Increasing the proportions of Hispanics with health insurance and a medical home (patientcentered, team-based, comprehensive, coordinated health care with enhanced access) is critical. A feasible and systematic data collection strategy is needed to reflect health diversity among Hispanic origin subgroups, including by nativity.
- Published
- 2015
86. Incidence of Hansen's Disease--United States, 1994-2011.
- Author
-
Nolen L, Haberling D, Scollard D, Truman R, Rodriguez-Lainz A, Blum L, and Blaney D
- Subjects
- Delayed Diagnosis, Emigrants and Immigrants statistics & numerical data, Humans, Incidence, Leprosy diagnosis, United States epidemiology, Leprosy epidemiology
- Abstract
Hansen's disease (HD), or leprosy, is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae and is reportable in many states. It is a chronic disease affecting the skin and nerves, commonly presenting as pale or reddish skin patches with diminished sensation. Without treatment, it can progress to a severely debilitating disease with nerve damage, tissue destruction, and functional loss. An important factor in limiting HD morbidity is early diagnosis and prompt initiation of therapy. Because HD is rare, clinicians in the United States are often unfamiliar with it; however, HD continues to cause morbidity in the United States. To better characterize at-risk U.S. populations, HD trends during 1994-2011 were evaluated by reviewing records from the National Hansen's Disease Program (NHDP). When the periods 1994-1996 and 2009-2011 were compared, a decline in the rate for new diagnoses from 0.52 to 0.43 per million was observed. The rate among foreign-born persons decreased from 3.66 to 2.29, whereas the rate among U.S.-born persons was 0.16 in both 1994-1996 and 2009-2011. Delayed diagnosis was more common among foreign-born persons. Clinicians throughout the United States should familiarize themselves with the signs and symptoms of HD and understand that HD can occur in the United States.
- Published
- 2014
87. Immigrant health inequalities in the United States: use of eight major national data systems.
- Author
-
Singh GK, Rodriguez-Lainz A, and Kogan MD
- Subjects
- Databases, Factual, Health Services Accessibility statistics & numerical data, Humans, United States, Emigrants and Immigrants statistics & numerical data, Health Status Disparities, Health Surveys statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Eight major federal data systems, including the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), National Survey of Children's Health, National Longitudinal Mortality Study, and American Community Survey, were used to examine health differentials between immigrants and the US-born across the life course. Survival and logistic regression, prevalence, and age-adjusted death rates were used to examine differentials. Although these data systems vary considerably in their coverage of health and behavioral characteristics, ethnic-immigrant groups, and time periods, they all serve as important research databases for understanding the health of US immigrants. The NVSS and NHIS, the two most important data systems, include a wide range of health variables and many racial/ethnic and immigrant groups. Immigrants live 3.4 years longer than the US-born, with a life expectancy ranging from 83.0 years for Asian/Pacific Islander immigrants to 69.2 years for US-born blacks. Overall, immigrants have better infant, child, and adult health and lower disability and mortality rates than the US-born, with immigrant health patterns varying across racial/ethnic groups. Immigrant children and adults, however, fare substantially worse than the US-born in health insurance coverage and access to preventive health services. Suggestions and new directions are offered for improvements in health monitoring and for strengthening and developing databases for immigrant health assessment in the USA.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
88. Diabetes hospitalization at the U.S.-Mexico border.
- Author
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Albertorio-Diaz JR, Notzon FC, and Rodriguez-Lainz A
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Arizona epidemiology, California epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Mexico, Middle Aged, Texas epidemiology, United States epidemiology, Diabetes Mellitus epidemiology, Hospitalization statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Introduction: The diabetes hospitalization rate for the region along the U.S. side of the U.S.-Mexico border is unknown, a situation that could limit the success of the Healthy Border 2010 program. To remedy this problem, we analyzed and compared hospital discharge data for Arizona, California, and Texas for the year 2000 and calculated the diabetes hospitalization rates., Methods: We obtained hospital-discharge public-use data files from the health departments of three U.S. border states and looked for cases of diabetes. Only when diabetes was listed as the first diagnosis on the discharge record was it considered a case of diabetes for our study. Patients with cases of diabetes were classified as border county (BC) or nonborder county (NBC) residents. Comparisons between age-adjusted diabetes discharge rates were made using the z test., Results: Overall, 1.2% (86,198) of the discharge records had diabetes listed as the primary diagnosis. BC residents had a significantly higher age-adjusted diabetes discharge rate than NBC residents. BC males had higher diabetes discharge rates than BC females or NBC males. In both the BCs and the NBCs, Hispanics had higher age-adjusted diabetes discharge rates than non-Hispanics., Conclusion: The results of this study provide a benchmark against which the effectiveness of the Healthy Border 2010 program can be measured.
- Published
- 2007
89. Animal and human health risks associated with Africanized honeybees.
- Author
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Rodriguez-Lainz A, Fritz CL, and McKenna WR
- Subjects
- Aged, Animals, California epidemiology, Dog Diseases therapy, Dogs, Fatal Outcome, Humans, Insect Bites and Stings therapy, Latin America epidemiology, Male, Public Health, Southwestern United States epidemiology, Bee Venoms poisoning, Bees pathogenicity, Dog Diseases epidemiology, Insect Bites and Stings epidemiology
- Published
- 1999
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