Search

SUMMARY: The sphenoidal tubercle is a bone elevation located in the anterior edge of the infratemporal crest of the sphenoid greater wing, where the temporal and lateral pterygoid muscles have their origin. This bone accident presents varied morphology so its description and denomination are a topic of discussion. 60 dry skulls obtained from the morphology laboratory of the Biomedical Basic Sciences Department of the University of Talca were used for a morphological and morphometric analysis of the sphenoidal tubercle including its morphology, diameters (anteroposterior, transverse and vertical) and the distance to the grooves for the maxillary artery and maxillary nerve. Sphenoidal tubercle had a prevalence of 98.4 % of all dry skulls analyzed with a bilateral presentation in the 76.6 % of the cases. According to its different forms of presentation established by Cáceres et al., (2016) the pyramidal form was the most frequent with a 25.7 %. The average diameters were of 4.12 mm anteroposterior, 5.50 mm transverse and 3.89 mm vertical. The average distance to the grooves of the maxillary artery and maxillary nerve were 9.04 mm and 7.6 mm, respectively. Sphenoidal tubercle is a constant bone accident with a variated morphology and measures. Due to its anatomical relations with important neurovascular elements such as the maxillary artery and the maxillary nerve, it may be used as a reference point for surgical access to the infratemporal fossa. From this analysis we establish that the denomination of “infratemporal process” is more accurate, because the development of this bone accident is from muscular traction performed by the lateral pterygoid muscle and the deep portion of the temporal muscle causing great variations in its morphology, probably due to external and functional parameters or even influenced by the biotype. RESUMEN: El tubérculo esfenoidal es una elevación ósea ubicada en el extremo anterior de la cresta infratemporal del ala mayor del hueso esfenoides, donde presta inserción al músculo temporal y pterigoideo lateral. Presenta morfología variada, por lo que su descripción y denominación resultan motivo de discusión. 60 cráneos secos obtenidos del Laboratorio de Morfología del Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas de la Universidad de Talca, fueron utilizados para realizar un análisis morfológico y morfométrico del tubérculo esfenoidal evaluando forma, diámetros (anteroposterior, laterolateral y vertical) y distancia con el surco de la arteria y nervio maxilar. El tubérculo esfenoidal tuvo una prevalencia del 98,4 % del total de cráneos analizados, presentándose bilateralmente en el 76,6 % de los casos. De acuerdo a las diferentes formas de presentación establecidas por Cáceres et al (2016) la forma piramidal fue la más frecuente con un 25,7 %. Los diámetros promedio fueron de 4,12 mm anteroposterior, 5,50 mm laterolateral y 3,89 mm vertical. Las distancias promedio con el surco de la arteria y nervio maxilar fueron de 9,04 mm y 7,6mm, respectivamente. El tubérculo esfenoidal es un accidente óseo constante de morfología y dimensiones variadas. Debido a sus relaciones con elementos vasculares de importancia, tales como la arteria y nervio maxilar, podría ser utilizado como elemento de referencia para el acceso quirúrgico a la fosa infratemporal. A partir de su análisis planteamos que su denominación como “proceso infratemporal” sería más apropiado, debido a que se desarrollaría a partir de la tracción muscular ejercida por el musculo pterigoideo lateral y la porción profunda del músculo temporal, ocasionando variaciones notables en su morfología, probablemente debido a factores externos y funcionales o incluso influenciada por el biotipo.

The relevant information on the fossil record of the Neogene molluscs of the north of the Teruel Basin in the period between the years 1775-1998 is compiled and analyzed. First, the total number of different taxa mentioned in every paper is counted, second only the number of specific references is counted. The last references are divided into three categories called: new references, new species and repeated references. Apart from the information contained in every paper, the number of taxa contemplated, and the typology of the specific references, it is proposed a classification of the studies on neogene molluscs of this area in six stages: first (1775-1849), second (1849-1910), third (1910-1936), fourth (1936-1962), fifth (1962-1991) and sixth (1991-1998).Se recopila y analiza la información que se considera más relevante y se encuentra contenida en los estudios realizados sobre el registro fósil de los moluscos neógenos del sector septentrional de la Depresión de Teruel en el período comprendido entre los años 1775 y 1998. Se contabilizan, por una parte, el número total de taxones diferentes mencionados en cada trabajo y, por otra, sólo el número de citas efectuadas a nivel de especie en cada uno de ellos. Estas últimas se organizan en tres categorías que reciben el nombre de citas nuevas, especies nuevas y citas repetidas. Se propone, a partir de la información contenida en cada trabajo, el número de taxones contemplados, y la tipología de sus citas específicas, una clasificación de los estudios sobre moluscos neógenos de esta área en seis etapas: primera (1775-1849), segunda (1849-1910), tercera (1910 1936), cuarta (1936-1962), quinta (1962-1991) y sexta (1991-1998).

El yacimiento kárstico cuaternario de la Sierra de Quibas (Abanilla, Murcia) ha proporcionado una amplia lista faunística constituida por 53 especies repartidas entre gasterópodos, miriápodos, anfibios, reptiles, aves y mamíferos. En el conjunto de los gasterópodos destaca Palaeoglandina, un género que se extingue en el resto de Europa durante el Plioceno y que se mantiene como relicto en el Pleistoceno de la Península Ibérica. Dos de las especies de aves determinadas, Gypaetus barbatus y Gerontieus eremita, y una de las serpientes, Elaphe cf. E. sealaris, apenas se hallan representadas en el registro fósil. Hay además varias especies de aves cuya aparición en Quibas supone la primera cita en el Pleistoceno inferior de la Península Ibérica. Entre los mamíferos posee una especial relevancia la presencia del cercopitécido Macaca sylvanus. La asociación de los taxones Arvieola deuealion, Castillomys rivas rivas, Eliomys intermedius, Equus altidens y Capra sp. aff. C. alba permite la correlación con Plines 1, Orce 3 y Venta Micena, entre otros. El yacimiento de Quibas puede situarse, por tanto, antes del final del Pleistoceno inferior, con una antigüedad entre 1.3 y 1 Ma. Por lo que se refiere a las condiciones paleoclimáticas, podemos inferir a partir de la asociación faunística un régimen xerófilo, muy semejante al actual en el área geográfica, aunque quizás con valores de humedad y temperatura algo superiores. El entorno de la cavidad kárstica estaba formado por roquedo calcáreo con áreas abiertas de matorral, pero en las proximidades se desarrollaron humedales y zonas arboladas, como así lo atestigua la presencia de aves y micromamíferos típicos de estos hábitats., The Quaternary karstic site of Sierra de Quibas has provided a wide faunal list with 53 species distributed among gastropods, myryapods, amphybians, reptiles, birds and mammals.

[ES] Introducción y objetivo: Dentro de los tumores de glándulas salivales, los tumores benignos de la glándula parótida (GP) son los más frecuentes. En este estudio presentamos nuestros resultados en el tratamiento quirúrgico de la patología tumoral benigna de la GP. Material y Métodos: Se realiza un estudio retrospectivo de todos los pacientes diagnosticados de tumor de GP en un Hospital Comarcal, durante los años de 1993 a 2006, tratados mediante cirugía, así como su seguimiento postoperatorio durante 5 años. Resultados: Se han incluido en el estudio 104 pacientes, de los cuales 60 eran mujeres y 44 varones. El tumor más frecuente diagnosticado es el adenoma pleomorfo; la estancia hospitalaria media fue de 1,5 días. No se han observado recidivas en el periodo de estudio. Conclusiones: La parotidectomía parcial es una técnica segura en los tumores benignos de GP, tendiendo a ser cada vez más selectiva y económica en su aplicación, con muy escasa morbilidad y una estancia hospitalaria media reducida. [EN] Introduction and objective: Benign tumours of the parotid gland tumours represent the most common of the salivary glands. This study aims to report our experience for thirteen years in the management of benign tumour pathology of the parotid gland in the most controversial issues, such as diagnosis, type of surgery and perioperative management. Methods: We performed a retrospective descriptive study of all patients diagnosed with benign parotid tumours in our Comarcal Hospital during the years 1993-2006, inclusive, and who were treated by surgery. Results: The study included 104 patients, of whom 60 were female and 44 to male. The most common tumour is the pleomorphic adenoma and the average stay was 1.5 days. The partial parotidectomy are suprafacial and proper techniques for the treatment of these tumours, with few complications and no recurrence in our study. Conclusions:The partial parotidectomy is a suitable technique for benign parotid tumours, increasingly tending to be more selective in the removal, with very low morbidity and very short average stay.

Se revisan las series tipo de las especies de Iberus descritas por Rossmässler (1854) y depositadas en el Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum de Frankfurt, Alemania. Se concluye que Helix alcarazana (actualmente Iberus alcarazanus) es sinónimo posterior de Iberus alonensis (Férussac, 1821). Se discuten y modifican las localidades tipo de Helix y de Helix alcarazana y se designan lectotipos para Helix guiraoana, Helix guiraoana var. angustata, Helix alcarazana y Helix loxana. Además, se revisa la serie tipo de Helix alonensis (Férussac, 1821) (actualmente Iberus alonensis) depositada en el Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle de París, Francia. Se selecciona el lectotipo y se designa “Alicante” como localidad tipo restringida., To determine the taxonomic identity of some of the species included in the genus Iberus, we reviewed the type series described by Rossmässler (1854) and deposited at the Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum of Frankfurt (Germany). We concluded that Helix alcarazana (currently Iberus alcarazanus) is a junior synonym of Iberus alonensis (Férussac, 1821). The type localities of Helix guiraoana and Helix alcarazana were discussed and modified and the lectotypes of Helix guiraoana, Helix guiraoana var. angustata, Helix alcarazana and Helix loxana were designated. In addition, we reviewed the type series of Helix alonensis Férussac, 1821 (currently Iberus alonensis) deposited at the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle of Paris, France and we selected its lectotype. The locality of Alicante has been designated as the restricted type locality of this species.

Charophytes are aquatic non -marine green algae which include taxa that live in brackish waters. The enseathing cells of the female reproductive organ or oogonium of some taxa are able to calcify, producing the so called gyrogonite which may be fossilized. The interest of the geochemical studies on the gyrogonites is because the calcification process happens in few weeks during summer while the incrustation of the charophyte stems, when it occurs, usually takes place along several months of the growing season (spring to fall). Gyrogonites therefore may provide precise indications of summer limnic conditions. Three Chara species (C. vulgaris,C. hispida and C. globularis) and Lamprothamnium papulosum have been grown under controlled conditions of water chemistry, temperature (T) and light period (12h/12h) in laboratory aquaria to examine the mineralogical composition and Mg, Sr and Na uptake features of the gyrogonite calcite. Four types of water at 18, 20, 25 and 28°C were used for the cultures. The conductivity ranged from 0.8 mS/cm to 47 mS/cm; molar Mg/Ca w: 0.40 -11, Sr/Caw: 0.0030 -0.0070 and Na/Caw: 0.60 -26.3. The carbonate from the gyrogonites was analized by XR diffraction and ICP-OMS. The mineralogy of gyrogonites for the three Chara species varies from low magnesian calcite (LMC, 1 .7-4% Mg mol) to high magnesian calcite (HMC, 4.3-26% Mg mol) and to a mixture of HMC and aragonite. At low water conductivity, temperature is the main factor controlling the Mg content in the calcite; at higher T values HMC is formed in C. hispida and C. globularis gyrogonites. At moderate conductivity (5.5 mS/cm) the gyrogonites from C. hispida and C. globularis mostly consist of a mixture of HMC and aragonite; the latter increases with the water T, reaching 48-53% at 25-28°C in both species. The gyrogonites fromL. papulosum, which formed at 22 and 47 mS/cm, are made of HMC or a mixture of HMC and aragonite. Our data suggest that Mg/Ca and T of the water are not the unique factors that control the mineralogy of the obtained gyrogonites. The results for the trace-element analyses in monomineralic gyrogonites indicate that the Mg/Ca in the calcite gyrogonite is directly related to the Mg/Ca and T of the water but there is a species-specific control at low Mg/Ca w and some influence of the conductivity. In contrast, Sr/Cagyris not related with the Sr/Ca and conductivity of the water, although Sr uptake is species-specific controlled. On the other hand, the Na/Ca from gyrogonites is directly related to the water conductivity. There is no noticeable species-specific control of the Na/Cawand T in the Na uptake except for Na/CawforC. hispida

The main objective of this study was to demonstrate that differentiation of infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA) strategy using different ELISA tests is possible when a subunit vaccine (Haemagglutinin protein) is used to prevent Avian influenza. Special emphasis was placed on the differentiation in the serological response to different components of the AIV (Nucleoprotein, Neuraminidase, Haemagglutinin, Nucleocapsid) between chickens that were vaccinated with a whole virus kill vaccine and recombinant vaccine. Furthermore, the potential use of this DIVA strategy using ELISA assays to detect Neuraminidase 1 (N1) was analyzed as strategy in countries where the field virus is H5N1 and the vaccine used is formulated with H5N2. Detection of AIV-s antibodies to any component in serum was negative for all animals on the study days 0-13. At study day 14 the titers of antibodies against Nucleoprotein (NP) and Nucleocapsid (NC) rose in the experimental groups vaccinated with Volvac® AI KV and were negatives during all the trial in the experimental groups vaccinated with a subunit H5; significant statistically differences were observed between these groups (p < 0.05). The seroconversion either Haemagglutinin or Neuraminidase was evident after 21 days post-vaccination in the experimental groups vaccinated with the respective viral fraction. Regarding the main aim of this study and according with the results that were obtained, use a combination of different ELISA test as a DIVA strategy is feasible when the vaccination is carry out with a subunit H5 vaccine. Also is possible to use the ELISA kit to detect Neuraminidase (either N1 or N2) as a DIVA concept in countries where H5N1 is present and the vaccination programs are done with H5N2 vaccine., {"references":["I. Capua, C. Terregino, G. Cattoli, F. Mistinelli and J. Rodr├¡guez.\n\"Development of a DIVA (Differentiating infected from vacinated\nanimals) strategy using a vaccine containing a heterolologous\nneuroaminadase to control of avian influenza\". Avian Patho. 32, pp. 47-\n55. 2002.","T. Ellis, L. Sims, H. Wong, C. Wong, K. Dyrting, K. Chow, C. Leung\nand J. Peiris. \"Use of Avian Influenza Vaccination in Hong Kong\". Dev\nBiol, 124, pp. 133-143. 2006.","C. Lee and D. Suarez. \"Avian influenza virus: prospects for prevention\nand control by vaccination\". Animal Health Research Review. 6, pp. 1-\n15. 2005.","\"Vaccination: a tool for the control of avian influenza\" in\nOIE/FAO/IZSVe Scientific Conference, co-organised and supported by\nEuropean Union, Verona (Italy), 20-22 March 2007."]}

These All pig-producing countries from around the world report the presence of Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS.) In America, PCV2 has been recognized in Canada, United States and Brazil. Knowledge concerning the genetic sequences of PMWS has been very important. In Mexico, there is no report describing the genetic sequences and variations of the PCV2 virus present around the country. For this reason, the main objective was to describe the homology and genetic sequences of the PCV2 virus obtained from different regions of Mexico. The results show that in Mexico are present both subgenotypes \"a\" and \"b\" of this virus and the homologies are from 89 to 99%. Regarding with the aminoacid sequence, three major heterogenic regions were present in the position 59-91, 123–136 and 185–210. This study presents the results of the first genetic characterization of PCV2 in production herds from Mexico., {"references":["C. Boisseson, V. Beven, L. Bigarre, R. Thiery, N. Rose, E. Eveno, F.\nMadecf and A. Jestin. \"Epidemiologie moléculaire de circovirus porcin\n(PCV2) en relation avec la maladie d-amaigrissement du porcelet\".\nJournées Recherche Porcine. 36, pp. 333-338. 2004.","C. Boisseson, V. Beven, L. Bigarre, R. Thiery, N. Rose, E. Eveno,\nMadec, F. and Jestin, A. \"Molecular characterization of porcine\ncircovirus type 2 isolates from post-weaning multisystemic wasting\nsyndrome-affected and non-affected pigs\". J. Gen. Virol. 85, pp. 293-\n304. 2004.","I. Brunborg, T. Modal and C. Jonassen. \"Quantification of porcine\ncircovirus type 2 isolated from serum/plasma and tissue samples of\nhealthy pigs and pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome\nusing a TaqMan-based real-time PCR\". J. Viro. Met. 122, pp. 171-178.\n2004.","S. Cao, H. Chen, J. Zhao, L. Lu, S. Xiao, A. Guo, B. Wu and Q. He.\n\"Detection of porcine circovirus type 2, porcine parvovirus and porcine\npseudorabies virus from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting\nsyndrome by multiplex PCR\". Vet. Res. Commun. 29, pp. 263-269.\n2005.","V. Celer, and P. Carasova. \"First evidence of porcine circovirus type 2\n(PCV2) infection of pig in the Czech Republic by semi-nested PCR\". J.\nVet. Med. 49, pp. 155-159. 2002.","C. Chae. \"A review of porcine circovirus 2-associated syndromes and\ndiseases\". Vet. J. 169, pp. 326-336. 2005.","A. Cheung, K. Lager, K. Kohutyuk. A. Vicent, S. Henry, R. Baker, R.\nRowland and A. Dunham. \"Detection of two porcine circovirus type 2\ngenotypic groups in United States swine herds\". Arch. Virol. 152, pp.\n1035-1044. 2007.","A. Crowther, J. Berriman, W. Curran, M. Allan and D. Todd.\n\"Comparison of the structures of three Circoviruses: Chicken anemia\nvirus, Porcine Circovirus type 2, and Beak and feather disease virus\". J.\nVirol. 77, pp. 13036-13041. 2003.","K. Dupont, E. Nielsen, P. B├ªkbo and L. Larsen. \"Genomic analysis of\nPCV2 isolates from Danish archives and a current PMWS case-control\nstudy supports a shift in genotypes with time\". Vet. Microbiology. 128,\npp. 56-64. 2008.\n[10] M. Fenaux, P. Halbur, M. Gill, T. Toth and X. Meng. \"Genetic\ncharacterization of type 2 porcine Circovirus (PCV-2) from pigs with\nPostweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome in different geographic\nregions of north American and development of a different PCRRestriction\nFragment Length Polymorphism assay to detect and\ndifferentiate between infections with PCV-1 and PCV-2\". J. Clin.\nMicrobiol. 38, pp. 2494-2503. 2000.\n[11] M. Fenaux, P. Halbur, G. Haqshenas, R. Royer, P. Thomas, P.\nNawagitgul, M. Gill, T. Toth and P. Meng. \"Cloned genomic DNA of\ntype 2 porcine circovirus is infectious when injected directly into the\nliver and lymph nodes of pigs: characterization of clinical disease, virus\ndistribution, and pathologic lesions\". J. Virol. 76, pp. 541-551. 2002.\n[12] M. Fenaux, T. Opriessning, P. Halbur and X. Meng. \"Immunogenicity\nand pathogenicity of chimeric infectious clones of pathogenic porcine\ncircovirus type 2 (PCV2) and nonpathogenic PCV1 in weanling pigs\". J.\nVirol. 77, pp. 11232-1143. 2003.\n[13] L. Grau-Roma, E. Crisci, M. Sibila, S. Lopez-Soria, M. Nofrarias, M.\nCortey, L. Fraile, A. Olvera and J. Segales. \"A proposal on porcine\ncircovirus type 2 (PCV2) genotype definition and their relation with\npostweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) occurrence\".\nVet. Microbiology. 128, pp. 23-35. 2008.\n[14] J. Kim and C. Chae. \"Multiplex nested PCR compared with in situ\nhybridization for the differentiation of porcine circovirus and porcine\nparvovirus from pigs with postweaning mutisystemic wasting\nsyndrome\". Can. J. Vet. Res. 67, pp. 133-137. 2003.\n[15] J. Liu, I. Chen, Q. Du, H. Chua and J. Kwang. ÔÇ×The ORF3 protein of\nporcine circovirus type 2 is involved in viral pathogenesis in vivo\". J.\nVirol. 80, pp. 5065-5073. 2006.\n[16] Q. Liu, L. Wang, P. Willson and L. Babiuk. \"Quantitative, competitive\nPCR analysis of porcine circovirus DNA in serum from pigs with\npostweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome\". J. Clin. Microbiol. 38,\npp. 3474-3477. 2000.\n[17] Liu, Q.; Wang, L.; Willson, P.; O'Connor, B.; Keenliside, J.; Chirini-\nTrejo, M.; Melendez, R. and Babiuk, L. 2002. Seroprevalence of porcine\ncircovirus type 2 in swine populations in Canada and Costa Rica. Can. J.\nVet. Res. 66: 225-231.\n[18] D. Mahé, P. Blanchard, C. Truong, C. Claire Arnauld, P. Le-Cann, R.\nCariolet, F. Madec, E. Albina, and A. Jestin. \"Differential recognition of\nORF2 protein from type 1 and type 2 porcine circoviruses and\nidentification of immunorelevant epitopes\". J. Gen. Virol. 81, pp. 1815-\n1824. 2000.\n[19] A. Mankertz and B. Hillenbrand. \"Analysis of transcription of porcine\ncircovirus type 1\". J. Gen. Virol. 83, pp. 2743-2751. 2002.\n[20] A. Mankertz, J. Mankertz, K. Wolf and J. Buhk. \"Identification of a\nprotein essential for replication of porcine circuvirus\". J. Gen. Virol. 79,\npp. 381-383. 1998.\n[21] N. McKeown, T. Opriessning, P. Thomas, D. Guenette, F. Elvinger, M.\nFenaux, P. Halbur and X. Meng. \"Effects of porcine circovirus type 2\n(PCV2) maternal antibodies on experimental infection of piglets with\nPCV2\". Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 12, pp. 1347-1352. 2005.\n[22] P.Nawagitgul, R. Morozov, R. Bolin, P. Harms and D. Sorden. \"Open\nReading Fragment 2 of porcine circovirus type 2 encodes a major capsid\nprotein\". J. Gen. Virol. 81, pp. 2281-2287. 2000.\n[23] T. Opriessning, N. McKeown, K. Harmon, X. Meng and P. Halbur.\n\"Porcine circovirus type 2 infection decreases the efficacy of modified\nlive porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine\". Clin.\nVaccine Immunol. 1, pp. 923-929. 2006.\n[24] T. Opriessnig, S. Ramamoorthy, D. Madson, A. Patterson, N. Pal, S.\nCarman, X. Meng and P. Halbur. \"Differences in virulence among\nporcine circovirus type 2 isolates are unrelated to cluster type 2a or 2b\nand prior infection provides heterologous protection\". J. Gen. Virol. 89,\npp. 2482-2491. 2008.\n[25] M. Ouardani, L. Wilson, R. Jette, C. Montpetit and S. Dea. \"Multiplex\nPCR for detection and typing of porcine circoviruses\". J. Clin.\nMicrobiol. 37, pp. 3917-3924. 1999.\n[26] J. Quintana, M. Balasch, J. Segales, M. Calsamiglia, G. Rodriguez-\nArrioja, J. Plana-Duran and M. Domingo. \"Experimental inoculation of\nporcine circoviruses type 1 (PCV1) and type 2 (PCV2) in rabbits and\nmice\". Vet. Res. 33, pp. 229-237. 2002.\n[27] H. Ramirez-Mendoza, C. Martinez; C. Mercado, H. Castillo-Juarez, J.\nHernandez and J. Segales. \"Porcine circovirus type 2 antibody detection\nin backyard pigs from Mexico city\". Res. Vet. Scien. 83, pp. 130-132.\n2007.\n[28] A. Resendes, J. Segales, M. Balasch, M. Calsamiglia, M. Sibila, H.\nllerbrok, E. Mateu, J. Plana-Duran, A. Mankertz, and M. Domingo.\n\"Lack of an effect of a comercial vaccine adjuvant on the development\nof postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in porcine\ncircovirus type 2 (PCV2) experimentally infected conventional pigs\".\nVet. Res. 35, pp. 83-90. 2004.\n[29] G. Rodriguez-Arrioja, J. Segales, M. Calsamiglia, A. Resendes, M.\nBalasch, J. Plana-Duran, J. Casal, and M. Domingo. \"Dynamics of\nporcine circovirus type 2 infection in herd of pigs with postweaning and\nmultisystemic wasting syndrome\". AJVR. 6, pp.: 354-357. 2002.\n[30] S. Staebler, T. Sydler, E. Buergi, K. McCullough, F. McNeilly, G. Allan,\nand A. Pospischil. \"PMWS: an emerging disease identified in archived\nporcine tissues\". Vet. J. 170, pp. 132-134. 2005.\n[31] S. Timmusk, P. Wallgren, I. Marit, F. Hasslung, G. Allan, B. Meehan,\nM. McMenamy, F. McNeilly, L. Fuxler, K. Belak, D. Podersoo, T. Saar,\nM. Berg and C. Fossum. \"Phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus\ntype 2 (PCV2) pre- and post-epizootic postweaning multisystemic\nwasting syndrome (PMWS)\". Virus Genes. 36, pp. 509-520. 2008.\n[32] M. Trujano, G. Iglesias, J. Segales and J. Palacios. \"PCV2 from\nemaciated pigs in Mexico\". Vet. Record 148, pp.792. 2001.\n[33] J. Vicente, J. Segales, U. Hofle, M. Balasch, J. Plana-Duran, M.\nDomingo and C. Gortazar. \"Epidemiological study on porcine circovirus\ntype 2 (PCV2) infection in the European wild boar (Sus scrofa)\" Vet.\nRes. 35, pp. 243-253. 2004.\n[34] P. Wallgren, F. Hasslung, G. Bergstrom, A. Linder, K. Belak, C. Hard,\nM. Stampe; B. Molander, T. Bjornberg, E. Norregard, C. Ehlorsson, M.\nTornquist, C. Fossum, G. Allan and J. Robertsson. \"Postweaning\nmultisystemic wasting syndrome -PMWS. The first year with the\ndisease in Sweden\". Vet. Quarterly. 26, pp. 170-187. 2004.\n[35] D. Wiederkehr, T. Sydler, E. Buergi, M. Haessig, D. Zimmermann, A.\nPospischil, E. Brugnera and X. Sidler. ÔÇ×A new emerging genotype\nsubgroup within PCV-2b dominates the PMWS epizooty in\nSwitzerland\". Vet. Microbiology. 136, pp. 27-35. 2009.\n[36] S. Yu, T. Opriessnig, P. Kitikoon, D. Nilubol, P. Halbur and E. Thacker.\n\"Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) distribution and replication in tissue\nand immune cells in early infected pigs\". Vet. Immuno. Immunopathol.\n115, pp. 261-272. 2007.\n[37] J. Zhou, Q. Chen, J. Ye, H. Shen, T. Chen and S. Shang. \"Serological\ninvestigation and genomic characterization of PCV2 isolates from\ndifferent geographical regions of Zhejiang province in China\". Vet. Res.\nCommun. 3, pp. 205-220. 2006."]}

The partition coefficients of trace elements in ostracod shells (KdMe = Me/Ca valve/ Me/Ca water , in molar ratios), mainly for Mg and Sr, have been widely used for the reconstruction of paleoenvironments. In order to settle these coefficients for Heterocypris salina , juvenile individuals of this ostracod species were grown up to the adult stage in culture experiments in 5 waters with a wide range of hydrochemistry (Mg/Ca wrange from 0.5 to 12, Sr/Ca wrange from 0.005 to 0.02), conductivity (1-17 mS/cm) and at 4 constant temperatures (18, 20, 25, 28ºC). From our experiments, Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca molar ratios of the valve calcite are directly related to the Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca of the water respectively, and to the temperature of the water (Tw) . In the case of Mg/Ca the temperature change has equal effect in the whole studied range of Mg/Ca w whereas for the Sr/Ca the temperature effect is greater at high Sr/Ca w . Moreover, Mg/Ca in the valve calcite has a good correlation to the [Mg] in water. KdMg displays very high and diverse values (0.004-0.016) at low Mg/Ca w(, This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation CGL-2005-01467 grant, and the BES-2006-13920 pre-doctoral grant (I. Sayyad)

Se describen las asociaciones de os trácodos del Plioceno medio de la sección de Villarroya (La Rioja, Cuenca del Ebro, España). Se han determinado 31 es pecies dentro del Orden Podocopida (24 de Cypridoidea, 6 de Cytheroidea, 1 de Darwinuloidea), proporcionando asimismo su descripción taxonómica y distribución biogeográfica y estratigráfica. El análisis de los tipos y diversidades de las distintas asociaciones ha permitido caracterizar la evolución paleoambiental de un sistema lacustre plioceno, que evoluciona a otro palustre a lo largo de una secuencia sedimentaria de colmatación. Finalmente se aportan nuevos datos de los registros más antiguos de especies no marinas, solamente conocidas hasta la fecha desde el Pleistoceno y/o Holoceno hasta el Reciente. ; Ostracoda of the Villarroya section (La Rioja, Spain): taxonomy and paleoecology]. Ostracod assemblages of the middle Pliocene Villarroya section (La Rioja, Ebro Basin, Spain) are described. A total of 31 species of the Order Podocopida (24 of Cypridoidea, 6 of Cytheroidea, 1 of Darwinuloidea) have been taxonomically determined. Detailed taxonomy as well as biogeographic and stratigraphic distributions of these species have been provided. The analyses of the type and diversity of the studied assemblages allowed us to interpret the palaeoenvironmental evolution of a Pliocene lacustrine system to a pallustrine one, through a basin-fill sedimentary sequence. Finally new data on the oldest record of several nonmarine ostracod species are provided, particularly for those only known so far from the Pleistocene and/or Holocene to the Recent.

13 páginas, 5 figuras, 2 láminas, 1 tabla., [ES] Se presenta una síntesis preliminar de la metodología y de los principales resultados obtenidos en las nuevas campañas de excavación (1995-2006) en la localidad clásica de vertebrados del Mioceno final (Turoliense superior, MN13) de Venta del Moro (Valencia, España). Destaca la actualización de la lista faunística, con la incorporación de más de una decena de taxones de vertebrados no citados anteriormente en el yacimiento. Así, si consideramos sólo la asociación de mamíferos, el listado se compone, por el momento, de 43 taxones. Además, se presentan las listas provisionales de otros grupos, como los moluscos, y se cita por vez primera el hallazgo de foraminíferos., [EN] From 1995 until 2006 new paleontological excavations were carried out at Venta del Moro (Valencia, Spain), one of the classical Uppermost Miocene (Upper Turolian, MN 13) vertebrate locality of Spain. In the present paper a preliminary synthesis of the methods and main results are presented. Abundant faunal remains were recovered including ten vertebrate taxa no previously recorded from the site. Up to now 43 mammalian species are known from the site. Preliminary list of others groups, as mollusc, are given. The occurrence of foraminifera is reported for the first time., El soporte económico ha corrido a cargo, inicialmente, de la ya desaparecida Institució Valenciana d’Estudis i Investigació (IVEI); desde 1995 hasta el presente, de la Conselleria de Cultura, Educació i Esport (expedientes 42/95, 2002/0468-V, 2003/0274-V, 2004/0345-V, 2005/0477- V y 2006/0432-V) y, recientemente, del Proyecto GV06/304 de la Conselleria d’Empresa, Universitat i Ciència de la Generalitat Valenciana. El presente estudio se engloba dentro de los proyectos BTE-2003-03001 y CGL-2005-03900 del MEC

Hybrids are of great interest in aquaculture. In the present study, we report for the first time an interespecific hybrid between common seabream Pagrus pagrus (L., 1758) females and red banded seabream Pagrus auriga (Valenciennes, 1843) males, which has been named the pagurta. This hybrid was detected in natural spawns during the period from March to April 2004. Phenotipically, the hybrid possessed morphological and meristic characteristics of both parental species. Mitochondrial and nuclear (microsatellite and satellite) molecular markers were used to confirm they were hybrids. The reciprocal cross was not detected. Los híbridos suscitan gran interés en la acuicultura. Sin embargo, su aplicación industrial en espáridos ha estado limitada por las dificultades técnicas que ocasiona su desarrollo. En este trabajo se describe el nacimiento no inducido, o espontáneo, de híbridos entre pargo Pagrus pagrus (L., 1758) y hurta Pagrus auriga Valenciennes, 1843 cuando dichas especies coexisten en un mismo tanque. Estos híbridos surgieron durante los meses de marzo y abril de 2004, cuando se registraron las puestas más abundantes de ambas especies. Fenotípicamente, presentaron características propias de ambas especies parentales. La aplicación de marcadores mitocondriales y nucleares (microsatélite y satélite) permitieron confirmar que eran híbridos intergenéricos de P. pagrus (♀ ) ˟ P. auriga (♂ ) a los que se denominó pagurta. El cruce recíproco no se detectó. Instituto Español de Oceanografía

Hybrids are of great interest in aquaculture. In the present study, we report for the first time an interespecific hybrid between common seabream Pagrus pagrus (L., 1758) females and red banded seabream Pagrus auriga (Valenciennes, 1843) males, which has been named the pagurta. This hybrid was detected in natural spawns during the period from March to April 2004. Phenotipically, the hybrid possessed morphological and meristic characteristics of both parental species. Mitochondrial and nuclear (microsatellite and satellite) molecular markers were used to confirm they were hybrids. The reciprocal cross was not detected., Los híbridos suscitan gran interés en la acuicultura. Sin embargo, su aplicación industrial en espáridos ha estado limitada por las dificultades técnicas que ocasiona su desarrollo. En este trabajo se describe el nacimiento no inducido, o espontáneo, de híbridos entre pargo Pagrus pagrus (L., 1758) y hurta Pagrus auriga Valenciennes, 1843 cuando dichas especies coexisten en un mismo tanque. Estos híbridos surgieron durante los meses de marzo y abril de 2004, cuando se registraron las puestas más abundantes de ambas especies. Fenotípicamente, presentaron características propias de ambas especies parentales. La aplicación de marcadores mitocondriales y nucleares (microsatélite y satélite) permitieron confirmar que eran híbridos intergenéricos de P. pagrus (♀ ) ˟ P. auriga (♂ ) a los que se denominó pagurta. El cruce recíproco no se detectó., Instituto Español de Oceanografía

[Recent Ostracoda from the Caicedo de Yuso/Arreo lake (Ebro Basin, N. Spain): taxonomy and ecology] In this work we describe the taxonomy of the 20 living species of Ostracoda found in lake Caicedo de Yuso/Arreo. An updated database of the ecology and biogeography is also provided for each species. The dominant assemblage of this lake (C. ophtalmica, C. ovum and candonids) is typical of karstic carbonate lakes of high altitudes from the Iberian Peninsula, and species characterising palustrine and spring waters have been also recognised. Our results show that ostracod species occurrence in this lake is mainly controlled by the relative values of dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxyde of the bottom waters. We mention the occurrence of C. cf. meerfeldiana and P. eremita by the first time in the Iberian Peninsula. Knowledge of the detailed distribution of ostracod species in lake Caicedo de Yuso/Arreo will help in the better understanding of the biogeography of these microcrustaceans in freshwater environments in the Iberian Peninsula. Finally, these results will be particularly useful in the palaeolimnological reconstruction of Neogene lakes located in similar environments in the Ebro Basin. The stratigraphical range of C. angulata, F. cf. brevicornis and C. bispinosa, up to now described exclusively for the Quaternary, is here extended to the Pliocene-Recent interval

Objetivos: son escasos los estudios en los que se analizan las funciones de los equipos directivos de Atención Primaria y sus necesidades de formación, siendo los objetivos de este trabajo: a) analizar la dedicación a las distintas funciones de la gestión; b) conocer los atributos sociales requeridos para el desempeño de su rol; c) determinar las necesidades de formación en gestión y los métodos preferidos. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal, mediante cuestionario enviado por correo en noviembre de 1999. La población diana son 77 personas, que constituyen los equipos directivos de las gerencias de Atención Primaria de Madrid. Las variables estudiadas fueron: a) tiempo que dedica a cada una de las funciones de su puesto de trabajo y el que le gustaría dedicar; b) importancia para el desempeño de su rol de distintos atributos sociales; c) grado de formación sobre sus funciones; d) métodos de formación preferidos. Resultados: contestaron un 84,4%. La distribución del tiempo que dedican a las distintas funciones es: coordinación (26,3%), dirección (22%), organización (21,4%), planificación (15,8%) y evaluación (13,7%), y el orden deseado: planificación (23%), dirección (21,2%), coordinación (20,6%), organización (19,7%) y evaluación (16,4%). Se evidencia una aceptable concordancia (Coeficiente de Kendall W= 0,408) en el orden de importancia que conceden a los atributos personales. Sólo un 32,3% tienen una titulación para la gestión. Las necesidades de formación resultan poco homogéneas (W = 0,19). Si existe aceptable concordancia en los métodos de aprendizaje de preferencia (W = 0,408). Conclusiones: se confirma una ligera discordancia entre la realidad de la gestión y el ideal que de ella tienen los gestores. Las necesidades de formación resultan heterogéneas. La formación en la práctica diaria es el método preferido por los encuestados. Objective: the projects in those which are analyzed the functions of the Manager Teams of Primary Health Care are scarce and their needs of training. The objectives of the work are: a) to analyze the dedication to the different functions of management; b) to know the social attributes required for the performance of their role; c) to determine the needs of traiIing in management and the preferred methods. Methodology: transverse descriptive study, through a questionnaire send by mail in November of 1999. The target population are 77 persons, that constitute the Manager Teams of Primary Health Care in Madrid. The studied variables were: a) time dedicated to each one of the functions of their work station and the time they would like to dedicate in those duties; b) the importance of the different social attributes for the performance of their roles; c) degree of training as far as their functions are concerned; d) favourite training methodologies. Results: 84,4% of the people answered the questions. The distribution of the time that devoted to the different duties is: coordination (26,3%), management (22%), organization (21,4%) planning (15,8%) and evaluation (13,7%), and the wished order: planning (23%), management (21,2%), coordination (20,6%), organization (19,7%) and evaluation (16,4%). It is possible to see and acceptable agreement (Coefficient of Kendall W = 0,408) on the given to personal atributes. Only 32,3% of them have got a degree on management. The needs for training resulted little homogeneous (W = 0,19). But there is an acceptable degree of agreement on the metodologies preferred (W =0,408). Conclusions: we can confirm a slight difeerence between the managers' ideals of management and its reality. The needs from training resulted to be heterogeneous. training on a daily-practice basis was preferred fpr their training process.

[Resumen] De forma tradicional el modelo biomédico ha predominado en la práctica asistencial. A diferencia de éste, el modelo biopsicosocial considera a la persona como un todo y hace énfasis sobre la función en lugar de centrarse exclusivamente en el alivio del dolor. En este sentido, la Fisioterapia para el tratamiento de los problemas de espalda, y en concreto para la cervicalgia, tiene que considerar, además del alivio del dolor, la cronicidad y la recurrencia como elementos a considerar en el diseño de actividades protocolizadas. [Abstract] In a traditional way the biomedical model has prevailed in the health care. Against it the biopsychicalsocial pattern considers to the person as a whole and it makes emphasis on the function instead of being centered exclusively in the relief of the pain. In this sense, Physiotheraphy for the treatment of the back problems and in this case for the neck pain, it has to consider besides the relief of the pain, the chronic and the new episodies like elements to consider in the design of protocolized activities.