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• A group of five diabetic patients had gangrene or failed limited amputations and palpable foot pulses in a total of seven limbs. Because a failure to heal persisted and gangrene progressed, arteriography was performed and disclosed occlusion of all three infrapopliteal arteries. Tibial bypass grafting resulted in complete healing in four of the five patients. The fifth patient refused surgery and died with progressive sepsis. The incidence of this unusual syndrome is unknown, but presumably it is rare. The mechanism of pulse formation in the foot, despite occlusion of the infrapopliteal vessels, is dependent on good flow to the popliteal artery, collateral flow to the rigid distal tibial-peroneal vessels, compliant ankle arteries, and highly resistive distal foot vessels. Although healing of limited amputations is usual in diabetic patients with foot pulses, it is not universal. We recommend that arteriography be performed routinely if gangrene is present and the foot is salvageable, irrespective of pedal pulse status. (Arch Surg1984;119:1260-1263)

A scaling study compared the utilization of major and minor tonalities as frameworks for judging the relatedness of musical tones. Subjects judged how related one test tone was to another in the context of a major or natural minor scale. In general, the larger the musical interval created by the test tones, the less related the tones were judged to be. However, for a given interval size, tonic-chord tone pairs received higher relatedness ratings than other-scale pairs, which in turn received higher ratings than nonscale pairs, but only in the major scale context. When the test tones were from two different groups, the ratings were often asymmetric, reflecting the consistent assignment of tones to different levels within the hierarchy of tonal functions. A regular pattern of asymmetries was observed in the major but not the minor context. Multidimensional scaling of the ratings showed that the minor context was less effective than the major in suggesting a clear distinction among tonic-chord, other-scale, and nonscale groups of tones. An explanation is given which suggests that a minor scale makes contact with an internal representation which, because of a basic difference between major and minor scales, is necessarily more ambiguous than the representation of a major scale.

Using a new balanced magnetic probe technique the plasma magnetic field in a theta pinch has been measured independently of the drive field. The measurements allow a determination of the total plasma current versus time and the plasma current radius versus time. The current radius determined in this manner agrees well with the visible sheath radius from streak photographs. The measurements also allow determination of the plasma conductivity in the sheath, as well as the leakage of trapped flux through the sheath. Temperatures have been calculated from the conductivity, using the ``weak field'' and ``strong field'' conductivity expressions. An independent spectroscopic temperature measurement for the same plasma is consistent with the ``weak field'' conductivity expression. Finally, it is shown that the apparent validity of the ``weak field'' expression is consistent with the average magnetic field strength within the sheath.

Plumbism occurred in a patient after he had used a lead-glazed drinking vessel. Apparently, sufficient lead was leached from the mug's glazed inner surface by a soft drink with a pH of 2.7 to result in clinical saturnism after two years of habitual exposure. Laboratory and experimental studies confirmed the available quantity of lead in the source. Similar cases of lead poisoning resulting from the use of acidic food or drink with lead-glazed utensils have occurred in the past.

1LUCTUATION in range forage utilization resulting from annual variation in forage production presents the rancher or range administrator with a difficult choice. He must either adjust livestock numbers to the fluctuating forage supply, or stock the range at a conservative level which will provide a reserve of forage in all but the extremely dry years. On many ranges livestock numbers cannot be adjusted from year to year because of the lack of information on range plant responses to weather, and the inability to accurately forecast the level of forage production in the following year. Furthermore, adjustments in livestock numbers which require large reductions generally are financially undesirable to the rancher (Hochmuth, 1952). The most practicable solution is conservative stocking. The results here presented show the forage use by cattle from 1940 through 1949 on the conservatively stocked Starkey Experimental Forest and Range, southwest of La Grande, Oregon, which is maintained by the Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. These results suggest a basis for stocking that should be of benefit to ranchers using similar ranges and management practices.