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Cancer, as a multifactorial disease, damages healthy cells and organs. The major drawback of anticancer drugs is that they have a severe impact on healthy cells due to their toxic effects. Encapsulation of anticancer drugs into a nanosized formulation enhances the drug delivery system. Thus, nanoformulation (NF) increases the absorption rate and speeds up the circulation time of conventional water-insoluble drugs. Chlorambucil is a well-studied anticancer drug that controls chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and malignant lymphomas. Chlorambucil, a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent, shows hepatotoxicity, secondary malignancies, etc., in normal cells and tissues. In this study, NFs of chlorambucil were prepared through an ultrasonication technique by varying the surfactant concentration. The characterization studies optimized the size, surface charge, heterogeneity, entrapment efficiency, drug loading capacity, in vitro drug release profile, stability, and interaction of the drug and excipient by using dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods. Moreover, MTT assay, cell cycling, and dye staining methods were performed to study the cytotoxicity and apoptotic potential of the NF of chlorambucil in HCT-116 cell lines. The cellular uptake study elucidated the internalization of NF by cancer cells. Microtubule affinity regulating kinase-4 (MARK-4) as a cancer-targeted protein was purified to study the complex formation, conformational changes, dynamics, and stability of proteins upon binding of CH by using multi-spectroscopic and in silico methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Cell phones are carried by 79% of people between 18 and 44 years of age for nearly the entire day. Smartphone users spend an average of three hours/per day on their devices, whereas heavy smartphone users spend 8-10 hours/per day on their devices. Text neck is a dangerous disorder that can accelerate the degeneration of the spine. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of neck stabilization training vs. Contrology or Pilates training in individuals with Text Neck Syndrome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Participants (n=75) with a history of recurrent neck pain in the previous four months, having moderate pain (at least 4/10 on the numeric pain rating scale, NPRS), and constantly using mobile phones (>4 hours/day) were randomly allocated to one of three groups: a control group (neck isometric training) and two intervention groups (neck stabilization training and Contrology). They were assessed for craniovertebral angle (CVA), NPRS, and neck disability index (NDI) at baseline and at 4 weeks post-intervention. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the CVA, NPRS, and NDI among individuals with Text Neck Syndrome following intervention as compared to the control. Both the neck stabilization and Contrology training increased CVA and reduced neck pain and neck disability in individuals with Text Neck Syndrome. The two intervention groups showed similar effects in all the clinical outcome measures, suggesting almost equivalent effectiveness in the individuals with Text Neck Syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: Neck stabilization seems to work better than Contrology training when it comes to increasing the craniovertebral angle, reducing pain intensity, and making it easier for individuals with Text Neck Syndrome to move their necks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral leukoplakia, usually white changes in the oral mucosa, is one of the most common conditions affecting the oral cavity. Oral leukoplakia can occur anywhere in the mouth and is usually asymptomatic. Clinical diagnosis is reliant on visual inspection and manual palpation. It has a global prevalence of 2.6% and a malignant transformation rate of 0.13–34%. In India, OL has a higher prevalence (0.2–5.2%) but a lower a malignant transformation rate (0.13–10%). Methodology: It was a randomized control trial in which study was conducted on clinically diagnosed 300 oral leukoplakia patients. All patients were randomly categorized in three groups of 100 each. Group-A: Patients were given commercially available curcumin 500 mg. daily orally. Group-B: Patients were given 4 mg of oral lycopene daily. Group-C: Patients were treated with 4 mg of lycopene + 500 mg curcumin daily by oral route. After recording the pre-treatment clinical findings, all the participants were evaluated regularly after 30 days, 60 days and 90 days of active treatment and once in a month for another 3 months of post-treatment follow-up and to evaluate concomitant medication, lesion(s), compliance, and adverse events. The clinical response was evaluated by bi-dimensional measurement of the lesions and color photography. Safety assessment measures: Physical examination and laboratory tests were performed at baseline, and every 30 days for 3 months after randomization. Result: Number of participants cured after treatment with oral curcumin was 51%. Participants took lycopene tablets showed 63% cure rate and 72% participants cured after treatment with combination curcumin and lycopene. Conclusion: Results showed that curcumin, lycopene, and a combination of the two are effective in the treatment of oral leukoplakia. When compared, we found that lycopene is a better nutraceutical as compared to curcumin. When both nutraceuticals were given to the participants, they showed better results than single nutraceuticals when the data were analyzed after 90 days of treatment. There is a significant difference in the response of curcumin and combinations of both nutraceuticals, although the difference between lycopene and combinations of curcumin and lycopene is insignificant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to synthesize chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA)-based zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) hybrid bionanocomposites (BNCs) and observe their comparative accomplishment against the skin cancer cell line, A431, and antioxidant potential. CS was blended with PVA to form polymeric films reinforced with the immobilization of ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs), separately. The optimization of the BNCs was done via physicochemical studies, viz. moisture content, swelling ratio, and contact angle measurements. The free radical scavenging activity was observed for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl, and the antibacterial assay against the Escherichia coli strain showed a higher zone of inhibition. Furthermore, the anticancer activity of the synthesized BNCs was revealed against the skin cancer cell line A431 under varying concentrations of 50, 100, 150, 200, and 300 μg/mL. The anticancer study revealed a high percent of cancerous cell inhibition (70%) in ZnO BNCs as compared to (61%) TiO2 BNCs in a dose-dependent manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we report the structural and biological characterization of (2Z,5Z)-5-(4-methyl benzylidene)-3-(2-methylpropyl)-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolin-4-one (6a) and (2Z,5Z)-5-(3-chlorobenzylidene)-3-(2-methylpropyl)-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolin-4-one (6b). These compounds were synthesized following the reported method and the molecular structures were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation was carried out to complement the structural and spectral features. In vitro cytotoxicity of the compounds was tested against both the cancerous (SW-480 & MCF-7) and normal (HEK-293) cell lines using the MTT assay. The results indicated that compounds adopted (Z,Z)–configuration with respect to the exocyclic methylene proton and the exocyclic nitrogen. It was observed that compound 6a (IC50 = 190 ± 0.23 μg/mL on SW-480 & IC50 = 330 ± 0.27 μg/mL on MCF-7) showed a weaker anti-proliferative effect than 6b (IC50 = 119.87 ± 0.24 μg/mL on SW-480 & IC50 = 140.39 ± 0.28 μg/mL on MCF-7). These compounds showed acceptable toxicity on normal cell line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to know the clinical and haematological changes in female rabbits following the treatment with cypermethrin (CY). In this study, 24 female rabbits were divided randomly into four equal groups A, B, C and D. Groups A, B and C were injected intraperitoneally CY @ 25, 50 and 75 mg/Kg b. wt., respectively, while the group D served as control and received normal saline. Rabbits in each group received four treatments at an interval of five days. Blood samples with EDTA were collected after two days of each treatment for haematological studies. All the animals were monitored twice daily for clinical signs. Signs like increased urination, licking of legs, jerky movements, ataxia, incoordination, staggering gait and dizziness persisted for 30 to 90 minutes after each dose. Data analysis revealed that CY affected the haematological parameters in dose dependent manner. There was significant (P