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Economic competition and colonialism are among the main causes of the First World War. As a result, it is possible to see resistance against colonialism. In Ottoman times, industrialization movements began to provide for the needs of the army. In factories, equipment such as gunshot, weapon, leather, which are usually needed by the army, were produced. Since industrialization was not effective, labor movements were not seen in the Ottoman Empire. On the other hand, there was no workers' organization representing the working class in the Ottoman Empire, because the resistance movements as strikes in the Ottoman Empire were expressed as an illegal act. The intention of working in the light of all this information; to examine the labor movements that emerged after World War I, and to analyze the social, economic, and cultural changes that these labor movements have brought to the conclusion. After World War 1 are discussed in this study revealed the struggles of workers in Turkey. Therefore, the years 1919-1922 were stated as the years when workers' actions were most intense. When the effects of labor movements on the working life of workers are evaluated, it is possible to say that there have been developments based on social rights. In addition to legal regulations, economic, social, and cultural developments have had a positive effect on business life. In the study, the prominent new approaches of the period and the innovations brought about by these approaches will be evaluated in line with the findings obtained from the literature study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the episodes of forced evictions in the environs of Jerusalem gain momentum even amidst a global pandemic at the dawn of the third decade of the twenty-first century, this paper studies the individual narrative of an anglicized Arab woman, Ghada Karmi, who was forced to leave the place of her birth and childhood more than eighty-three years ago. Engaging Althussers theory of ideology and interpellation, this paper examines this recurring pattern of brutal practice as an environmental ethical concern. By stating the postcolonial environmental ethic of her homeland through her latest memoir, Karmi questions unexamined idees recues, (1) preexisting units of information, that impede the process of any solution for the Palestinian predicament. Understanding the need for social justice and decolonization, as manifested in Karmi's memoir, this conceptual paper investigates how she presents her right to return to the land of her birth, how she problematizes the ongoing marginalization, erasure, and Nakba of her land, both by external as well as internal factors, and how she states the environmental ethic of her place. Keywords: Sheikh Jarrah, Jerusalem, Environmental Ethics, Idees Recues, Ongoing Nakba, Background of the Selected Text: Its Socio-Political Importance We have about 50 percent of the world's wealth, but only 6.3 percent of its population [...] In this situation, we cannot [...]

This article explores the concept of bad faith as conceptualized by Sartre within the context of the existential lived experiences of those Fanon (1965) refers to as the condemned, the racialized, and the dehumanized subjects of the world. I explore the logic of authenticity as a liberatory intervention in relation to decolonial interventions and anti-racist movements such as Black Lives Matter in the USA and across the globe and recently, the #EndSars movement in Nigeria. I will therefore argue that the repudiation of the entrenched universal logic of Euro-American modernity requires one to be authentic in their praxis in order to escape bad faith. Keywords: authenticity, bad faith, coloniality, decoloniality, euro-modernity, Sartre, Introduction Sartre's commitment to the course of anti-Black racism and oppression made him an ally of Black existential thought and Black liberation struggles in the twentieth century. (1) For this [...]

CONTINENTAL RECKONING: THE AMERICAN WEST IN THE AGE OF EXPANSION by Elliott West University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, 2023. Illustrations, maps, notes, bibliography, index. 704 pages. $39.95 cloth. No modern [...]

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