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There are limited data about postoperative changes in hepatic and renal function in adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) undergoing isolated heart transplant. The purpose of this study was to assess postoperative changes in hepatic and renal function in this population.Retrospective cohort study of adults with CHD undergoing isolated heart transplant at Mayo Clinic (2003-2019). Global hepatic function was assessed using the model for end-stage liver disease excluding international normalized ratio [MELD-XI]) score; hepatic fibrosis was assessed using the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score and aspartate/platelet ratio index (APRI); and renal function was assessed using estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR). All indices were measured preoperatively and postoperatively (at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years).Of 40 patients (age 41 ± 8 years) in the study, 35 had complete preoperative and postoperative data. There was a temporal improvement in hepatic and renal indices from preop (MELD-XI 14 ± 5, APRI 0.60 ± 0.23, FIB-4 1.44 ± 0.38, GFR 59 [44-83]) to 6 months postop (MELD-XI 12 ± 6, APRI 0.49 ± 0.17, FIB-4 1.29 ± 0.33, GFR 68 [54-96]) and 1-year postop (MELD-XI 9 ± 3, APRI 0.41 ± 0.16, FIB-4 1.12 ± 0.29, GFR 82 [69-108]), p 0.05 for all comparisons.CHD patients undergoing isolated heart transplant had significant improvement in hepatic and renal function. These data suggests that selected CHD patients may do well with isolated heart transplant despite reduced hepatic and renal function, and hepatic fibrosis preoperatively. More rigorous prospective studies are required to determine the relative outcomes of isolated versus combined heart-liver transplant in this population.

Weed seed bank in soil serves as the reservoir of weed seeds which emerge whenever conditions become conducive and affects crop growth. In the present study, a field experiment was performed at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, India, during Kharif 2021 and Rabi 2022 to determine weed seed bank present in soil by direct seed extraction using the sieving method at discrete depths of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10-15 cm after rice harvest with reference to different weed management practices imposed and its effect on weed population in succeeding crop. The average proportion of weeds that emerged in the field ranged from 9 to 38 % of the total weed seed bank. Weed management practices followed during the preceding crop greatly influenced weed seed germination. The higher weed seed reserve (1384 m-2) and consequent weed population (528 no’s m-2) were found at a depth of 0-5 cm in unweeded plots. The lower weed seed density (536 m-2) and weed population (94 no’s m-2) were found in pre emergence application of Pyrazosulfuron + Pretilachlor and early post emergence application of Bispyripac sodium. The results from the present study confirmed that herbicide treatment considerably minimized the weed seed density and population, which will assist in predicting weed infestation and appropriate timing of weed control.

Two spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch is an economically serious pest posing threat to major vegetable crops. Roving survey in and around Coimbatore region revealed that farmers do not target mites with acaricides instead they use higher dose of insecticides at frequent intervals which results in development of resistance. The bioassay results revealed that fenpropathrin (2.07 to 6.86-folds) and fenazaquin (2.74 to 7.13-folds) exhibit higher susceptibility, whereas diafenthiuron (5.35 to 12.25-folds) revealed a low to moderate level of resistance. The propargite (43.80 to 60.63-folds) and chlorfenapyr (61.01 to 75.10-folds) exhibited high resistance, followed by spiromesifen (222.28 to 300.26-folds) and buprofezin (382.60 to 417.87-folds), with extremely high level of resistance. The higher specific activity of GST (4.54-folds), MFO (10.06-folds) and CarE (15.06-folds) in Puthupalayam population suggested the role of biochemical resistance. A significant positive correlation was observed between diafenthiuron and CarE activity (r = 0.981*), fenpropathrin and MFO activity (r = 0.964*).

Aims Conotruncal anomalies share common embryogenic defects of the outflow tracts and great arteries, which result in a predisposition to aortic aneurysms. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence and risk of progressive aortic aneurysms in adults with conotruncal anomalies. Methods and results Retrospective study of adults with conotruncal anomalies that underwent cross-sectional imaging 2003–20. Aneurysm was defined as aortic root/mid-ascending aorta >2.1 mm/m2/>1.9 mm/m2, progressive aneurysm as increase by >2 mm, and severe aneurysm as dimension >50 mm. Of 2261 patients (38 ± 12 years; male 58%), 1167 (52%) had an aortic aneurysm, and 205 (14%) had a severe aortic aneurysm. Mean annual increase in aortic root/mid-ascending aorta was 0.3 ± 0.1 mm/0.2 ± 0.1 mm. The 3-, 5-, and 7-year cumulative incidence of the progressive aortic aneurysm was 4%, 7%, and 9%, respectively. The rate of aneurysm growth decreased with age, with no significant growth after age 40 years. There was an excellent correlation between aortic indices from cross-sectional imaging and echocardiography. Of 950 females, 184 had ≥1 pregnancy, and 81 (44%) of the 184 patients had aortic aneurysm prior to pregnancy. There was no aortic dissection or progression of the aortic aneurysm during pregnancy. Overall, there was no aortic dissection during 7984 patient-years of follow-up. Conclusions Aortic aneurysm was common in patients with conotruncal anomalies. However, the risk of progressive aneurysm or dissection was low. Collectively, these data suggest a benign natural history and perhaps a less frequent need for cross-sectional imaging. Further studies are required to determine the optimal timing for surgical intervention in this population.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the remedial effect of the aqueous seed extract of Mucuna pruriens (ASEMP) on the endocrine region of pancreas of nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced diabetes in Wistar rats. The anti-hyperglycemic efficiency of two varieties of Mucuna pruriens var utilis; IIHR Selection 3 and Arka Dhanvantari was investigated. Oral administration of ASEMP against the nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the Wistar rats showed anti-hyperglycemic effect on the blood glucose level (94 ± 0.2 mg/dl ASEMP 400 mg/kg) when compared with the control group (92 ± 0.2 mg/dl glibenclamide 5 mg/kg), (248 ± 0.3 mg/dl Diabetic control) and (90 ± 0.3 mg/dl Normal control). Significant reduction in creatinine level of the nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with ASEMP was also recorded. Histopathology examination of the endocrine region of pancreas of the rats revealed restoration of pancreatic islet cells in the diabetic-ASEMP treated rats as the beta cell mass increased and necrotic changes was reduced significantly in contrast with the diabetic control group which showed degenerated pancreatic islet cells. Therefore, this study supports and recommends the exploration of the aqueous seed extract of M. pruriens as an alternative medicine for the management of type-2 diabetes.

Background Nanotechnology's rapid development has been in great demand, particularly for silver nanoparticles, which are useful in a variety of industries including medicine, textiles, and home appliances. Silver nanoparticles are extremely essential due to their unique physicochemical and antibacterial properties, which can be used in a variety of applications. Green synthesis is an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional synthesis because it uses fewer chemical reagents and lowers temperature and pressure. Aloe vera and Thuja orientalis have a wide medical use because it contains a large number of compounds derived and was decided to use for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Main text The combination of silver nanoparticles has a wide range of applications, which has encouraged researchers to focus on the methods for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Aloe vera and Thuja orientalis leaves extract, characterization techniques of synthesized silver nanoparticles, and evaluation of their antimicrobial and antifungal activities. The synthesized AgNPs can be characterized by using various analytical techniques including UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), etc. The various types of silver nanoparticles, various strategies for silver nanoparticle synthesis, nano-based drug delivery systems, taxonomy and chemical constituents of Aloe vera and Thuja orientalis plants, the general mechanism of action of silver nanoparticles in bacteria, and various applications of silver nanoparticles have also been discussed. Conclusion This review covers a wide range of research on silver nanoparticles to gain a better understanding of their physicochemical feature characterization, production, mechanisms of action, and applications. Various AgNP factors, such as size, surfactant, and structural shape, influence the unique physicochemical properties of these nanoparticles. Even though there are a variety of ways to make AgNPs, green synthesis has a high yield and biocompatibility because it uses natural agents and harmless chemicals. In this paper, we describe the green manufacture of silver nanoparticles utilizing Aloe vera and Thuja orientalis leaf extracts, as well as the method to test their antimicrobial and antifungal activity.

Artificial Intelligence(AI) and Machine Learning(ML) has become an integral part of our day to daylife. A large number of technologies are coming forth to help us and make our life easier. Chatbot or virtual assistant is a technology that is coming forward in this regard. Previously, we had simple questions and answers or FAQsin the name of assistant, but now the chatbot will diagnose the disease based on queries answered by the users. The model will be trained by using a highly diversified and accurate database with symptoms and diseases.The proposed model uses a decision tree algorithm to initiate a top down follow up and identify the complexity of the patient and produce a outcome.The user is provided a question and answer approach and a preferable and highly accurate diagnosis is produced.