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For difficult manual maintenance of coordinate control system of main coal transport route, a fault diagnosis module for the system was developed, and fault diagnosis principle of the system was introduced from aspects of equipment-level diagnosis, system-level diagnosis and remote diagnosis. The equipment-level diagnosis records important events of sensors, intrinsically safe power and so on, and sends the records to coordinate controller of the system. The system-level diagnosis times each equipment in the system uniformity, and adopts the coordinate controller to analyze fault cause through fault diagnosis algorithm and send the analyzed results to centralized control room on the ground. The remote diagnosis is analyzing and confirming fault cause through engineers in the centralized control room or developers in equipment manufacturing enterprise, so as to notify inspectors to remove fault.

In view of the actual problems existing in life-cycle health monitoring and diagnosis of large complex equipment, the machine-learning algorithm is applied to data mining of the equipment operation big data, the expert knowledge base is established, the diagnosis rules related to the fault are obtained, the intelligent online monitoring and remote diagnosis of the equipment health condition are realised. The system uses uncertain fault prediction method and hybrid intelligent algorithm to discover the hierarchical association between operation feature big data and operation faults, the feature extraction of operation faults, and the intelligent diagnosis of operation faults. It effectively improved the sensitivity, robustness, and accuracy of monitoring and diagnosis. In the cloud service platform based on the Internet of things, the system realises the intelligent fault prediction and diagnosis, establishes a proactive maintenance system, improves the production efficiency, and ensures the production safety.

Abstract Background Rural populations experience several barriers to accessing clinical facilities for malaria diagnosis. Increasing penetration of ICT and mobile-phones and subsequent m-Health applications can contribute overcoming such obstacles. Methods GIS is used to evaluate the feasibility of m-Health technologies as part of anti-malaria strategies. This study investigates where in Uganda: (1) malaria affects the largest number of people; (2) the application of m-Health protocol based on the mobile network has the highest potential impact. Results About 75% of the population affected by Plasmodium falciparum malaria have scarce access to healthcare facilities. The introduction of m-Health technologies should be based on the 2G protocol, as 3G mobile network coverage is still limited. The western border and the central-Southeast are the regions where m-Health could reach the largest percentage of the remote population. Six districts (Arua, Apac, Lira, Kamuli, Iganga, and Mubende) could have the largest benefit because they account for about 28% of the remote population affected by falciparum malaria with access to the 2G mobile network. Conclusions The application of m-Health technologies could improve access to medical services for distant populations. Affordable remote malaria diagnosis could help to decongest health facilities, reducing costs and contagion. The combination of m-Health and GIS could provide real-time and geo-localized data transmission, improving anti-malarial strategies in Uganda. Scalability to other countries and diseases looks promising.

In this research, a piezoelectric film was utilized to develop a low-cost biomedical device for diagnosis and management of breathing disorders. First, it was shown that when a commercial polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film was subjected to airflow generated from human breath, the voltage generated increased with decreasing film thickness. Then, a device was fabricated that records a patient's breathing pattern and sends this data to a remote email address via the Raspberry Pi, an inexpensive computer. It was shown that the breathing patterns could be recorded in a reproducible manner with this device. Next, the efficacy of the device to detect breathing disorders was tested. A restrictive ventilatory abnormality was simulated by tying a crepe bandage around the chest. It was shown that this device could successfully distinguish between breathing in a normal patient and the breathing of a patient with a restrictive ventilatory abnormality. It is possible to fabricate this device for less than $100, thereby making it accessible to a large number of patients with chronic lung diseases.

Pathology services are facing pressures due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Digital pathology has the capability to meet some of these unprecedented challenges by allowing remote diagnoses to be made at home, during periods of social distancing or self-isolation. However, while digital pathology allows diagnoses to be made on standard computer screens, unregulated home environments may not be conducive for optimal viewing conditions. There is also a paucity of experimental evidence available to support the minimum display requirements for digital pathology. This study presents a Point-of-Use Quality Assurance (POUQA) tool for remote assessment of viewing conditions for reporting digital pathology slides. The tool is a psychophysical test combining previous work from successfully implemented quality assurance tools in both pathology and radiology to provide a minimally intrusive display screen validation task, before viewing digital slides. The test is specific to pathology assessment in that it requires visual discrimination between colors derived from hematoxylin and eosin staining, with a perceptual difference of ±1 delta E (dE). This tool evaluates the transfer of a 1 dE signal through the digital image display chain, including the observers' contrast and color responses within the test color range. The web-based system has been rapidly developed and deployed as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic and may be used by anyone in the world to help optimize flexible working conditions at: http://www.virtualpathology.leeds.ac.uk/res earch/systems/pouqa/.

Oromandibular dystonia is a focal dystonia that manifests as involuntary masticatory and/or tongue muscle contractions. This movement disorder is frequently misdiagnosed as a temporomandibular disorder. Hence, it would be useful to establish a method that makes it possible for patients with the condition to find appropriate medical institutions by themselves. The author produced a website Involuntary movements of the stomatognathic region (https://sites. google.com/site/oromandibulardystoniaenglish/) for patients with oromandibular dystonia, which is available in twenty languages. It has been viewed more than 1,000,000 times by individuals from all over the world. The visitors to the site have completed questionnaires and/or sent images or videos of their involuntary movements over the internet. Cyberconsultations (remote diagnosis) were also performed via Skype™. Approximately 1000 patients with involuntary stomatognathic movements visited our department. Only 12.5% of the patients had previously been diagnosed with or were suspected to have dystonia. The findings of this study suggest that the multilingual website has contributed to increasing awareness of oromandibular dystonia and that the provision of basic telemedicine via the internet can aid the diagnosis and treatment of oromandibular dystonia.

Background: Dizziness and vertigo can be caused by various factors, such as peripheral vestibular and central disorders. Although consultations with specialists are advisable when necessary, patients with severe vertigo symptoms may have limited mobility, which may interfere with hospital visits. The spread of COVID-19 has further limited the number of hospital visits for patients with dizziness; therefore, a method of medical care that enables more accurate treatment under time and geographical constraints is needed. Telemedicine has become widespread, owing to the popularity of smartphone and tablet devices in recent years, and the use of devices and systems has made it possible to provide efficient medical care. However, no previous scoping review has mapped existing studies on telemedicine for vertigo and dizziness, and no recommendations have been made regarding which devices and systems should be used for specific diseases., Objective: The aim of this review was to map and assess previous studies on the use of information communications technology, smartphones, and apps for treating patients with vertigo and discuss the added value of introducing telemedicine to improve the quality of medical care and create an environment that builds security and trust among patients., Methods: A scoping review was conducted with the methodological framework of Arksey and O'Malley and in accordance with the of the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. The PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to retrieve previous reports on smartphone-assisted telemedicine treatment for vertigo published between January 2000 and May 2023. Two authors independently assessed eligibility and extracted data., Results: This review included 20 papers that reported devices or systems for telemedicine for vestibular dysfunction. Among studies that reported the use of a device or app, 2 were related to anamnesis and subjective symptoms, 12 were related to objective examination, 7 were related to remote diagnosis, and 7 were related to treatment and rehabilitation., Conclusions: With the advancement of technology, the use of telemedicine in patients with dizziness may be feasible. In the future, it will be necessary to consider how telemedicine can be used in dizziness treatment and develop an effective treatment system combining in-person medical care and the effective use of devices for the management of severe vertigo and related diseases. The smooth introduction of telemedicine in vertigo treatment is expected to improve the quality of treatment, increase opportunities for patients to receive medical care, and reduce time and travel costs, leading to a sense of security and trust among patients., (©Masao Noda, Tatsuaki Kuroda, Akihiro Nomura, Makoto Ito, Tomokazu Yoshizaki, Hiroaki Fushiki. Originally published in JMIR mHealth and uHealth (https://mhealth.jmir.org), 11.09.2023.)

Objective To establish aregional remote imaging diagnosis platform to solve the problems in medical treatment of the population in remote areas and etc as well as the non-balanced medical resources distribution. Methods Standardization transform of non-standard PACS images and texts was executed with PACS platform, DICOM and HL7 heterogeneous module. KM -SES remote diagnosis system was used to integrate the components of clinical operation, communication network, database and etc so as to construct a regional imaging platform. Results The platform standardized the imaging process and quality control inside and outside the hospital, and contributed to shortening the treatment time and reducing the vacancy rate. Conclusion The platform implements remote consultation, diagnosis and examination appointment, and facilitates the medical service to the population in remote areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the information explosion age with geometric growth of data, analysis on mass data helps to find problems and leads to their solutions. The construction of regional ECG information diagnosis platform realizes digital storage and information sharing of ECGs in a region, which lays foundation for big data analysis. ECG automatic analysis technology has already developed into a relatively mature stage, however bounded by its accuracy and clinical comprehensive analysis ability, it hasn't yet completely replaced manual interpretation at present. Big data analysis is likely to change the extent of artificial intervention and elevate computer's accuracy of automatic analysis. It is worthy of being anticipated that by starting from ECG information and attempting to apply artificial intelligence, a comprehensive integration of diseaserelated data is achieved further, and thus the prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases risk and chronic disease management is realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Routine field diagnosis of malaria is a considerable challenge in rural and low resources endemic areas mainly due to lack of personnel, training and sample processing capacity. In addition, differential diagnosis of Plasmodium species has a high level of misdiagnosis. Real time remote microscopical diagnosis through on-line crowdsourcing platforms could be converted into an agile network to support diagnosis-based treatment and malaria control in low resources areas. This study explores whether accurate Plasmodium species identification—a critical step during the diagnosis protocol in order to choose the appropriate medication—is possible through the information provided by non-trained on-line volunteers. Methods: 88 volunteers have performed a series of questionnaires over 110 images to differentiate species (Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium knowlesi) and parasite staging from thin blood smear images digitalized with a smartphone camera adapted to the ocular of a conventional light microscope. Visual cues evaluated in the surveys include texture and colour, parasite shape and red blood size. Results: On-line volunteers are able to discriminate Plasmodium species (P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. knowlesi) and stages in thin-blood smears according to visual cues observed on digitalized images of parasitized red blood cells. Friendly textual descriptions of the visual cues and specialized malaria terminology is key for volunteers learning and efficiency. Conclusions: On-line volunteers with short-training are able to differentiate malaria parasite species and parasite stages from digitalized thin smears based on simple visual cues (shape, size, texture and colour). While the accuracy of a single on-line expert is far from perfect, a single parasite classification obtained by combining the opinions of multiple on-line volunteers over the same smear, could improve accuracy and reliability of Plasmodium species identification in remote malaria diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Remote assistance for burns by medical experts can support nurses and general physicians in emergency care with diagnostic and management advice. Previous studies indicate a high diagnostic accuracy based on images viewed on a computer screen, but whether image-based analysis by experts using handheld devices is accurate remains to be determined.Method: A review of patient data from eight emergency centres in the Western Cape, South Africa, revealed 10 typical cases of burns commonly seen in children and adults. A web-based questionnaire was created with 51 images of burns representing those cases. Burns specialists from two countries (South Africa and Sweden (n = 8 and 7 respectively)) and emergency medicine specialists from South Africa (n = 11) were contacted by email and asked to assess each burn's total body surface area (TBSA) and depth using a smartphone or tablet. The accuracy and inter-rater reliability of the assessments were measured using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), both for all cases aggregated and for paediatric and adult burn cases separately. Eight participants repeated the questionnaire on a computer and intra-rater reliability was calculated.Results: The assessments of TBSA are of high accuracy all specialists aggregated (ICC = 0.82 overall and 0.81 for both child and adult cases separately) and remain high for all three participant groups separately. The burn depth assessments have low accuracy all specialists aggregated, with ICCs of 0.53 overall, 0.61 for child and 0.46 for adult cases. The most accurate assessments of depth are among South African burns specialists (reaching acceptable for child cases); the other two groups' ICCs are low in all instances. Computer-based assessments were similar to those made on handheld devices.Conclusion: As was the case for computer-based studies, burns images viewed on handheld devices may be a suitable means of seeking expert advice even with limited additional information when it comes to burn size but less so in the case of burn depth. Familiarity with the type of cases presented could facilitate image-based diagnosis of depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a framework based on the 5W1H model-based metadata for remote diagnosis in virtual reality (VR). For this purpose, we suggest unique metadata composed of Point of Interest (POI)-extended anchor (xAnchor)-content for a context-aware service in virtual and augmented reality. We define the attributes of the metadata based on the 5W1H context for information retrieval according to the context in a remote diagnosis. Second, we propose the ontology-based linker metadata that express the relations between AR scenes and that retrieve external information. Moreover, we suggest heritage building information metadata for information retrieval according to context. For evaluation, we created a geo-tagged content tool and a remote diagnosis VR application. We conducted focus-group interviews and heuristic evaluations for remote diagnosis in VR to verify the methodology of this study. As a result, we found that experts were most satisfied with the functions that provide the contextualized information. This study contributes to the geospatial metadata for a context-aware service in VR/AR as well as the remote diagnosis framework to overcome the time-consuming problem of the existing remote diagnosis.

Background: Intra-oral photographs have been aided diagnosis of several pathologies in teledentistry. Mobile phone cameras may produce high-quality photographs, presenting itself as a viable tool for remote diagnosis of traumatic dental injuries. Aim: To evaluate the levels of interexaminer agreement in cases of traumatic dental injuries when comparing diagnoses conducted in person and remotely. Material and Methods: The sample included 40 patients with 73 traumatized teeth, and a total of 90 diagnoses, who had presented to two dental clinics, one private, and the other public, in Brazil's Federal District. The dental history and clinical examination data were registered in electronic forms, and digital photographs were captured with a mobile phone camera and uploaded to a cloud drive. Six remote examiners formulated their diagnoses based solely on photographic analysis. Thereafter, they were provided with additional clinical data and asked to provide a second round of diagnoses. These diagnoses were compared to those conducted in person, which were considered the gold standard. The data were analyzed with Gwet's AC1 interexaminers' measure to evaluate the agreement between the in-surgery and remote diagnoses. Results: The levels of interexaminer agreement between the in-surgery and remote diagnoses formulated exclusively with images were 0.83 or higher (95% confidence interval: 0.73-0.91), and 0.93 or higher (95% confidence interval: 0.88-0.97), when clinical information was available. Conclusion: The precision of the remote diagnoses was comparable to the diagnoses conducted in person. The levels of interexaminer agreement were higher when clinical data were included with the images. Mobile phones may be an effective tool for capturing images that assist in the remote diagnosis of traumatic dental injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Essential tremor (ET) shows amplitude fluctuations throughout the day, presenting challenges in both clinical and treatment monitoring. Tremor severity is currently evaluated by validated rating scales, which only provide a timely and subjective assessment during a clinical visit. Motor sensors have shown favorable performances in quantifying tremor objectively. Methods: A new highly portable system was used to monitor tremor continuously during daily lives. It consists of a smartwatch with a triaxial accelerometer, a smartphone, and a remote server. An experiment was conducted involving eight ET patients. The average effective data collection time per patient was 26 (±6.05) hours. Fahn–Tolosa–Marin Tremor Rating Scale (FTMTRS) was adopted as the gold standard to classify tremor and to validate the performance of the system. Quantitative analysis of tremor severity on different time scales is validated. Results: Significant correlations were observed between neurologist's FTMTRS and patient's FTMTRS auto-assessment scores (r = 0.84; p = 0.009), between the device quantitative measures and the scores from the standardized assessments of neurologists (r = 0.80; p = 0.005) and patient's auto-evaluation (r = 0.97; p = 0.032), and between patient's FTMTRS auto-assessment scores day-to-day (r = 0.87; p < 0.001). A graphical representation of four patients with different degrees of tremor was presented, and a representative system is proposed to summarize the tremor scoring at different time scales. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the feasibility of prolonged and continuous monitoring of tremor severity during daily activities by a highly portable non-restrictive system, a useful tool to analyze efficacy and effectiveness of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rural populations experience several barriers to accessing clinical facilities for malaria diagnosis. Increasing penetration of ICT and mobile-phones and subsequent m-Health applications can contribute overcoming such obstacles. Methods: GIS is used to evaluate the feasibility of m-Health technologies as part of anti-malaria strategies. This study investigates where in Uganda: (1) malaria affects the largest number of people; (2) the application of m-Health protocol based on the mobile network has the highest potential impact. Results: About 75% of the population affected by Plasmodium falciparum malaria have scarce access to healthcare facilities. The introduction of m-Health technologies should be based on the 2G protocol, as 3G mobile network coverage is still limited. The western border and the central-Southeast are the regions where m-Health could reach the largest percentage of the remote population. Six districts (Arua, Apac, Lira, Kamuli, Iganga, and Mubende) could have the largest benefit because they account for about 28% of the remote population affected by falciparum malaria with access to the 2G mobile network. Conclusions: The application of m-Health technologies could improve access to medical services for distant populations. Affordable remote malaria diagnosis could help to decongest health facilities, reducing costs and contagion. The combination of m-Health and GIS could provide real-time and geo-localized data transmission, improving antimalarial strategies in Uganda. Scalability to other countries and diseases looks promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In low-income countries with limited infrastructure, remote diagnoses are a sustainable solution to healthcare issues. Current electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring devices are very expensive and may not be feasible in rural areas. Because a seizure is nonstationary, composed of multiple frequencies, and difficult to acquire, visual and conventional frequency-based methods have limited application. Materials and Methods: One hundred healthy individuals at their best possible conscious state and 25 patients with an epileptic seizure a few hours prior to the time of recording were chosen. The recordings were carried at Shri Preethi Hospital and Nanda Engineering College, Tamilnadu, India, during the period of June 2014-December 2014. The primary objective was to differentiate the diseased from normal individuals, as well as quantifying the EEG signal and diagnosing remotely. Results: Using wavelet coefficients, the separation between seizure and nonseizure states was measured and compared with that of healthy individuals of different age groups. The systems performance was measured by parameters such as sensitivity, specificity, region of convergence, and precision rate. Conclusions: The novelty of this article lies in the design, development, and clinical analysis of a low-cost EEG device for remote diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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