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Copyright of Journal of Craniomandibular Function is the property of Quintessence Publishing Company Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Dental patient‐reported outcomes (dPROs) and their measures, dPROMs, are fundamental for evidence‐based dentistry. However when selecting, applying and evaluating an instrument with a focus on OHRQoL assessment for adults, several methodological considerations are essential to derive valid and meaningful results. Methods: In this review article, criteria for selecting the appropriate OHRQoL instrument, aspects of administering the instrument and how to evaluate resulting scores of single and multiple assessments are presented and critically assessed. Results: Oral disease–generic and dimension–generic instruments capturing the entire construct OHRQoL allow for best comparability of findings across different diseases, settings and populations, with the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) being the most often used and methodologically best investigated one. It is available in several versions with the 5‐item version being the one with the lowest burden for the patient. Responses are given on a 5‐point ordinal rating scale, the recommended response scale for dPROMs. A 7‐day recall period allows for assessment of short‐term effects. Clinically relevant effects of item or instrument order or administration method on OHIP scores do not seem to be likely. OHIP summary and dimension scores can be compared to norms from general population or different patient populations. Change scores should be set into context with the minimal important difference of the instrument. Conclusion: OHIP‐5 has greatest potential to be used across all settings for assessment and evaluation of OHRQoL in adults. It allows a comprehensive characterising of patients suffering from oral diseases and of this impact using OHRQoL dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted to investigate whether the loading protocol of single dental implants placed in the midline of edentulous mandibles will influence the implant survival or prosthetic maintenance. Materials and Methods: In total, 158 patients were randomly assigned either to the immediate loading group (n = 81) or to the delayed loading group (n = 77). All implants were loaded with an overdenture retained by a ball attachment. Results: After 5 years, 102 patients attended the follow‐up investigation. Immediately loaded single implants in the midline of the edentulous mandible revealed a statistically significant lower survival rate than implants loaded conventionally over an observation period of 5 years. In the immediate loading group, 9 implants failed within the first three months of implant loading. No further implant loss was recorded for this group. Two implants failed in the delayed loading group, whereas one implant had to be removed during second‐stage surgery and the second five years after implant loading. Non‐inferiority of the survival rate of the midline implant of the immediate loading group, compared with the delayed loading group, could not be shown (p =.79, CI immediate loading: 74.9%; 100.0%, CI delayed loading: 73.0%; 100.0%). The observed difference in implant survival between the two treatment groups over time was statistically significant. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that immediate loading of a single mandibular implant in the edentulous mandible should be considered only in exceptional cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To develop and validate an instrument for the assessment of patient-based measures of process-related quality of care in prosthodontic patients. Materials and Methods: In this nonrandomized study, the new Burdens in Prosthetic Dentistry Questionnaire (BiPD-Q) was developed in two steps using a total of 128 prosthodontic patients in a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative-qualitative methodologies. First, the item pool for the instrument was created using semistructured interviews and a group of experts in prosthodontics. This resulted in a preliminary version of the questionnaire. Second, an assessment of redundancy, completion rates, face validity, difficulty, and distribution of the core set of the items was performed. The final version of the BiPD-Q had psychometric core properties (reliability and validity) evaluated. Results: The BiPD-Q consisted of 25 items. Reliability was satisfactory (Cronbach's alpha = .87). The mean score of all items of the BiPD-Q was significantly correlated with mean perceived burdens during treatment as rated by the clinician (r = 0.26; P < .01) and with overall satisfaction with the treatment procedures as rated by patients (r = .31; P < .01), indicating sufficient convergent validity. Conclusion: A reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of patient-based process-related quality of care in prosthodontics has been developed. The BiPD-Q allows comparisons of different dental procedures within a treatment course and of different treatment providers. The use of this type of questionnaire appears to be a valuable tool for dental health care research. The outcomes of research using the BiPD-Q may result in a more pleasant treatment experience for future patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To test whether patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain differ from subjects from the general population with regard to their stress-related coping styles. Methods: Consecutive adult TMD patients (n = 70) and adult subjects of a regional general population sample (n = 868), examined according to the German version of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD), were included in this study. The inclusion criterion for TMD patients was at least one pain-related diagnosis according to the RDC/ TMD, while general-population subjects were excluded if they had any pain-related TMD diagnosis. Coping styles were assessed using a common and well-accepted German 114-item stress-coping questionnaire ("Stressverarbeitungsfragebogen" SVF 114). The coping style-TMD pain relationship was investigated using logistic regression analyses adjusted for possible confounders (age, sex, level of education), as well as the influence of psychosocial measures (RDC/ TMD Axis II). Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results: Study participants who used fewer adaptive coping styles (OR = 0.47, CI: 0.26-0.83) and more maladaptive coping styles (OR = 1.55, CI: 1.05-2.29) were at greater risk for TMD pain. After adjustment for sociodemographic confounders, the coping style-TMD pain relationship changed only slightly in magnitude. In an analysis adjusted for sociodemographic confounders and psychosocial RDC/TMD Axis II measures, adaptive coping styles were even more profoundly related to TMD pain (OR: 0.27, 95 CI: 0.09-0.83), but maladaptive coping styles were less related to TMD pain (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.51-2.72). Conclusion: Differences in the applied stress-related coping styles of TMD patients and subjects without TMD may have implications for clinical decision-making and choosing among treatment alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study compared polyvinylsiloxane with polyether in handling dental impressions.Materials and Methods: Each participant (N = 39) made four impressions, each a combination of pickup and reseating techniques with polyether or polyvinylsiloxane, of one implant cast representing a specific clinical situation (tooth gaps, limited residual dentition, or edentulous jaw). Handling of impressions was subsequently rated by using a 12-item questionnaire with 100-mm visual analog scales.Results: While mean satisfaction scores were higher for polyvinylsiloxane than for polyether (69.5/63.0, P < .001), differences among subgroups were statistically significant only for pickup technique, limited residual dentition, and edentulous jaw.Conclusion: Implant impressions made with polyvinylsiloxane using a pickup technique seem to be the best option for most clinical situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To describe self-reported oral health status before and after treatment in patients treated with fixed, removable, and complete dentures. Materials and Methods: Subjects were a convenience sample of 119 prosthodontic patients (patients treated with fixed prostheses (n = 61), removable dentures (n = 48), and complete dentures (n = 10); mean age: 57.3 ± 15.6 years; 47% women). Self-reported oral health status before and 1 month after treatment was measured with a 5-point question (responses ranging from "excellent" to "poor") frequently used in epidemiologic studies and health services research. Pretreatment and posttreatment self-ratings of oral health were compared with the findings from a national general population sample (n = 2,016; age: 16 to 79 years) categorized by their denture status. Change of oral health status was evaluated using Wilcoxon matched pairs signed ranks test. Results: "Excellent" or "very good" ratings were observed for 4% of the patients at baseline and for 16% of the patients at follow-up, which was identical to the prevalence of these ratings in the general population for subjects with removable dentures (16%) and better than for complete dentures wearers (13%). The change from pretreatment to posttreatment self-reported oral health status was statistically significant (P < .001). Substantial differences in change patterns among groupings of prosthodontic therapies (fixed, removable, or complete dentures) were not observed. Conclusions: Self-reported oral health status improved considerably comparing pretreatment and posttreatment status. Single questions describing the overall situation of perceived oral health or its changes may provide simple and easy-to-interpret information about the impact of prosthodontic treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Aim was to evaluate the impact of glass fiber versus titanium endodontic posts on the interproximal bone level around severely damaged endodontically treated teeth. Materials and methods: Thirty-eight participants of a randomized controlled trial on glass fiber (n = 18) and titanium post-endodontic restorations (n = 20) received radiographs at two different times after post placement (T0 = <12 months and T1 = 36–72 months after post placement). A total of 76 radiographs were analyzed with an image-editing software. Medians of changes in mesial and distal interproximal bone level (∆MBL, ∆DBL) were calculated and tested for statistical significance with respect to post material using Mann-Whitney U test (p < 0.05). Impact of post material on bone level changes was assessed in multilevel mixed-effect linear regression models. Results: The mean observation period was 54 months for glass fiber and 50 months for titanium posts. Interproximal bone loss was small in both groups during the study period with no significant differences between groups (glass-fiber group, ∆MBL = − 0.03 mm and ∆DBL = − 0.06 mm; titanium group, ∆MBL = − 0.07 mm and ∆DBL = − 0.17 mm; both p > 0.05). Overall, impact of post material on bone loss was almost negligible with a nonsignificant difference between materials of 0.10 mm during the entire study period. Conclusion: The rigidity of endodontic post material has no impact on the level of alveolar bone support of severely damaged endodontically treated teeth. Clinical relevance: Post-endodontic restorations of severely damaged teeth can achieve steady levels of periodontal bone support as a parameter of periodontal health, irrespective of post material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Assessment of long-term clinical data regarding post-endodontic restorations is essential for the evaluation of different post-and-core concepts. The aim of the present study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of patient self-reporting on post-endodontic restorations after 11 years of clinical service.Materials and methods: Twenty-nine patients (61 ± 15 years old) with endodontic glass-fibre and titanium post-endodontic restorations were examined within the 11-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Restorations were assessed by self-reports during a telephone interview (one item), the completion of a four-item questionnaire and clinical and radiographic examination. A gold standard for restoration in situ or 'failure' was defined by clinical and radiographic examination. Diagnostic accuracy of patients' self-reports was evaluated by calculating the sensitivity, specificity, and positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV).Results: After a mean observation time of 137 months (min/max: 125/154 months), 25 (86.2%) restorations were in situ and 4 (13.8%) failures were detected. Self-report during a telephone interview and the four-item questionnaire correctly identified all in situ restorations (specificity = both 100%, NPV = 92.6%/96.2%). Self-report during a telephone interview identified two out of four failures (sensitivity = 50%, PPV = 100%), and self-report on the four-item questionnaire identified three out of four failures (sensitivity = 75%, PPV = 100%).Conclusions: When the clinical examination is not feasible, patients' self-report shows valuable diagnostic potential in the identification of the post-endodontic failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Valid and reliable recording is a key requirement for accurately simulating individual jaw movements.Methods: Horizontal condylar inclination (HCI) and Bennett's angle were measured using a digital jaw tracker (Cadiax® Compact 2) in 27 young adults. Three mounting methods (paraocclusal tray adapter, periocclusal tray adapter, and tray adapter with mandibular clamp) were tested.Results: The mean values of the HCI differed by up to 10° between the mounting methods; however, the values for Bennett's angle did not differ substantially. While the intersession reliability of the Bennett's angle assessment did not depend on the mounting method, the reliability of the HCI assessment was only fair to good for the paraocclusal mounting method but poor for both periocclusal mounting methods.Discussion: For attaching the tracing bow of jaw trackers to the mandible, a paraocclusal tray adapter should be applied, to achieve the most reliable results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To compare oral health, access barriers to dental care, oral health behavior and oral hygiene behavior of elderly German residents with and without immigration background. Design: In this cross-sectional explorative study, a convenience sample (N = 112, age ≥ 60 years, 54% immigrants) was recruited in four dental practices in Hamburg, Germany. Oral health was assessed with Decayed/Missing/Filled Teeth (DMFT), Papillary Bleeding Index (PBI), and Approximal Plaque Index (API). Dental health was operationalized as number of decayed teeth, and poor oral hygiene based on a PBI ≥ 40%. Access barriers and oral health behavior were assessed with a standardized questionnaire. Results: While caries experience was similar in migrants and non-migrants (DMFT mean: 24.8 vs. 23.4, n.s.), significantly more teeth were decayed (5.3 vs. 2.1, p < 0.001), and API (55.3% vs. 33.0%, p = 0.002) and PBI (46.3% vs. 30.5%, p = 0.016) were significantly higher in migrants. After adjusting for age, sex, income, education, and number of teeth, migrants still had on average 3 decayed teeth more than non-migrants. However, impact of migration background on poor oral health changed from OR = 3.61 (p = 0.007) to OR = 1.05 (n.s.) after adjusting for confounders, mainly due to lower income in migrants. Fewer migrants had visited a dentist within the past 12 months, and migrants were less likely to have a regular dentist that they visit and more often indicated language or cost barriers than non-migrants. Conclusion: Elderly German migrants have higher treatment needs than non-migrants. Likely causes are poorer oral hygiene and lower utilization of dental care services. Specific prevention programs targeting migrants are warranted to improve oral health in this disadvantaged group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To investigate whether a shortened dental arch (SDA), as identified by reduced posterior occlusal contacts, is a risk factor for the progression of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) intra-articular disorders (ID), as identified using imaging techniques. Methods: This multisite, prospective observational study with a mean follow-up period of 7.9 years had a sample of 345 participants with at least 1 temporomandibular disorder (TMD) diagnosis at baseline. SDA was defined as reduced occlusal posterior support due to lack of occlusal intercuspal contacts in the molar region on the left and/or right side. SDA was assessed at baseline and at follow-up with metalized Mylar Tape. The presence or absence of a TMJ ID and the specific TMJ ID diagnoses for baseline and follow-up images were established by a calibrated, blinded radiologist at each of three sites by using bilateral magnetic resonance imaging for soft tissue imaging for disc displacement and by bilateral multidetector computed tomography or cone beam computed tomography for hard tissue imaging for degenerative joint diseases. Wilcoxon rank sum test and linear regression analyses were used to test for an impact of SDA on TMJ ID status. Results: At baseline, TMJ ID status of either side was not significantly affected by the presence of SDA on the ipsilateral or contralateral side of the jaw (all P > .05). Furthermore, the presence or absence of SDA at baseline was also not a significant predictor for progression of the TMJ ID status between baseline and follow-up (all P > .05). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that there is no significant effect of SDA on progression of TMJ ID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]