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52. Variation of West Nile virus antibody prevalence in migrating and wintering hawks in Central California/Variacion en la prevalencia de anticuerpos del virus del Nilo occidental en halcones migratorios e invernales en California Central

Author

Hull, Joshua, Hull, Angus, Reisen, William, Fang, Ying, and Ernest, Holly

Subjects
Antibodies -- Research, Viral antibodies -- Research, Hawks -- Health aspects, Hawks -- Genetic aspects, Hawks -- Observations, West Nile virus -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

To assess the extent of West Nile virus (WNV) exposure of migrating (Marin Headlands) and wintering (Central Valley) hawks in California, plasma from 271 Red-tailed Hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), 19 Red-shouldered Hawks (B. lineatus), and 30 Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter cooperii) was tested for WNV antibodies during the winter of 2004-2005. WNV antibodies were found in 5% of migrating and 15% of wintering Red-tailed Hawks, 20% of migrating and 58% of wintering Red-shouldered Hawks, and 13% of migrating Cooper's Hawks. No individuals demonstrated visible signs of WNV illness. Red-tailed Hawks that tested positive for WNV antibodies displayed no difference from Red-tailed Hawks without WNV antibodies in weight to wing chord ratio or white blood cell counts. In the Central Valley, WNV antibodies were significantly more prevalent in Red-shouldered Hawks than in Red-tailed Hawks. Significantly more Red-tailed Hawks sampled on wintering grounds tested positive for WNV antibodies than Red-tailed Hawks sampled during migration. Key words: antibody, arbovirus, Flavivirus, hematology, raptor, Red-tailed Hawk, West Nile virus. Con el fin de determinar el grado de exposicion al virus del Nilo occidental (VNO) de halcones migratorios (en los Cabos de Marin) y halcones invernales en California (Vaile Central), se analizaron plasma de 271 Buteojamaicensis, 19 Buteo lineatus y 30 Accipiter cooperii para encontrar anticuerpos del VNO durante el invierno de 2004-2005. Se encontraron anticuerpos del VNO en el 5% de los individuos migratorios y en el 15% de los individuos invernales de B. jamaicensis, en el 20% de los individuos migratorios y en el 58% de los individuos invernales de B. lineatus y en el 13% de los individuos migratorios de A. cooperii. Ningun halcon mostro senales de la enfermedad del VNO. Los individuos de B. jamaicensis que resultaron positivos para anticuerpos del VNO no mostraron diferencias con los individuos de B. jamaicensis que no presentaron anticuerpos en el cociente entre el peso y el largo del ala o en el conteo sanguineo de globulos blancos. En el Vaile Central, la prevalencia de los anticuerpos del VNO fue significativamente mayor en B. lineatus que en R jamaicensis. El numero de individuos de B. jamaicensis que resultaron positivos para anticuerpos del VNO fue significativamente mayor en los sitios de invernada que durante la migracion.

Published
2006

54. Vector competence of California mosquitoes for West Nile virus. (Research)

Author

Goddard, Laura B., Roth, Amy E., Reisen, William K., and Scott, Thomas W.

Subjects
Mosquitoes -- Health aspects, West Nile fever -- Causes of, Communicable diseases -- Research
Abstract

To identify the mosquito species competent for West Nile virus (WNV) transmission, we evaluated 10 California species that are known vectors of other arboviruses or major pests: Culex tarsalis, Cx. [...]

Published
2002

56. Contributors

Author

Acorn, John H., primary, Adams, Michael E., additional, Adler, Peter H., additional, Albuquerque, Gilberto S., additional, Alexander, Richard D., additional, Altstein, Miriam, additional, Andersen, Svend O., additional, Anderson, Norman H., additional, Andow, David A., additional, Antolin, Michael F., additional, Arensburger, Peter, additional, Arlian, Larry G., additional, Aspöck, Horst, additional, Aspöck, Ulrike, additional, Atkinson, Peter W., additional, Baumann, Arnd, additional, Beckage, Nancy E., additional, Bellinger, Peter, additional, Berenbaum, May R., additional, Berg, Martin B., additional, Bernays, Elizabeth A., additional, Björkman, Christer, additional, Black, Scott Hoffman, additional, Blair, Seth S., additional, Blenau, Wolfgang, additional, Blum, Murray S., additional, Bonning, Bryony C., additional, Bradley, Timothy J., additional, Brakefield, Paul M., additional, Brittain, John E., additional, Brower, Lincoln P., additional, Brune, Andreas, additional, Burkholder, Wendell E., additional, Byers, George W., additional, Cardé, Ring T., additional, Chapman, R.F., additional, Cheng, Lanna, additional, Christiansen, Kenneth A., additional, Clark, Thomas M., additional, Cochran, Donald G., additional, Cohen, Ephraim, additional, Ćokl, Andrej, additional, Courtney, Gregory W., additional, Covell, Charles V., additional, Craig, Catherine, additional, Crane, Eva, additional, Cranston, Peter S., additional, Crumly, Charles R., additional, Dahlem, Gregory A., additional, Dahlsten, Donald L., additional, DeFoliart, Gene R., additional, Denholm, Ian, additional, Denlinger, David L., additional, Devine, Gregor J., additional, Dickinson, Michael, additional, Dietrich, Christopher H., additional, Dingle, Hugh, additional, Douglas, Angela E., additional, Dowell, Robert V., additional, Dudley, Robert, additional, Edman, John D., additional, Eldridge, Bruce F., additional, Elkinton, Joseph S., additional, Engel, Michael S., additional, Erber, Joachim, additional, Federici, Brian A., additional, Feldman, Lewis J., additional, Ferreira, Clélia, additional, Foster, R. Nelson, additional, Frankie, Gordon W., additional, Franks, Nigel R., additional, French, Andrew S., additional, Futuyma, Douglas J., additional, Gentry, Erin C., additional, Gerry, Alec C., additional, Ghiradella, Helen, additional, Gillespie, Rosemary G., additional, Giribet, Gonzalo, additional, Goff, M. Lee, additional, Gordh, Gordon, additional, Gotthard, Karl, additional, Grbić, Miodrag, additional, Greenberg, Les, additional, Grimaldi, David, additional, Grossmann, Christin, additional, Gullan, Penny J., additional, Gwynne, Darryl T., additional, Hallman, Guy, additional, Hare, J. Daniel, additional, Harrison, Jon F., additional, Hastriter, Michael W., additional, Headrick, David H., additional, Heinrich, Bernd, additional, Held, David W., additional, Hellenthal, Ronald A., additional, Hendrichs, Jorge, additional, Henk, Adam D., additional, Hinkle, Nancy C., additional, Hoddle, M.S., additional, Hogue, James N., additional, Houck, Marilyn A., additional, Howarth, Francis G., additional, Hoy, Ron, additional, Hurd, Lawrence E., additional, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, additional, Irwin, Michael E., additional, Jander, Rudolf, additional, Janssens, Frans, additional, Jeanne, Robert L., additional, Joron, Mathieu, additional, Josephson, Robert, additional, Kampmeier, Gail E., additional, Kaneshiro, Kenneth Y., additional, Kanost, Michael R., additional, Kaplan, Alan I., additional, Keiper, Joe B., additional, Kennedy, George G., additional, Kirkendall, Lawrence R., additional, Klass, Klaus-Dieter, additional, Klotz, John, additional, Klowden, Marc J., additional, Koch, Markus, additional, Kogan, Marcos, additional, Kruess, Andreas, additional, Land, Michael F., additional, Lane, Robert S., additional, Leak, Stephen G.A., additional, Lee, Richard E., additional, Lehane, M.J., additional, Leppla, Norman C., additional, Leskosky, Richard J., additional, Lewis, Vernard R., additional, Liebherr, James K., additional, Liu, Paul Z., additional, Lloyd, James E., additional, Loudon, Catherine, additional, Lynn, Dwight E., additional, Majerus, Michael E.N., additional, Martin, Jon H., additional, Masaki, Sinzo, additional, Mason, Linda J., additional, Matsumura, Fumio, additional, McHugh, Joseph V., additional, Meinking, Terri L., additional, Merritt, Richard W., additional, Millar, Jocelyn G., additional, Miller, Thomas A., additional, Mills, Nick, additional, Mitchell, B.K., additional, Mockford, Edward L., additional, Moffett, Mark W., additional, Monath, Thomas P., additional, Morse, John C., additional, Moulds, Max S., additional, Mound, Laurence A., additional, Mullens, Bradley A., additional, Nachtigall, Werner, additional, Nagy, Lisa, additional, Navajas, Maria, additional, Nedvěd, Oldřich, additional, New, Tim R., additional, Nishida, Gordon M., additional, Normark, Benjamin B., additional, O’Brochta, David A., additional, Oconnor, Barry M., additional, O’Donnell, Sean, additional, O’Grady, Patrick M., additional, Otte, Daniel, additional, Page, Terry L., additional, Paine, Timothy D., additional, Palmer, James O., additional, Papaj, Daniel R., additional, Pass, Günther, additional, Patel, Nipam H., additional, Pettersson, Mats W., additional, Pinto, John D., additional, Plarre, Rudy, additional, Platzer, Edward G., additional, Poinar, George, additional, Potter, Daniel A., additional, Powell, Jerry A., additional, Price, Roger D., additional, Prokopy, Ronald, additional, Purcell, Alexander H., additional, Quicke, Donald L.J., additional, Radovsky, Frank J., additional, Rankin, Susan M., additional, Reisen, William K., additional, Rentz, D.C.F., additional, Resh, Vincent H., additional, Riddiford, Lynn M., additional, Ridsdill-Smith, James, additional, Ritzmann, Roy E., additional, Robinson, Alan, additional, Robinson, Gene E., additional, Roderick, George K., additional, Rosenberg, David M., additional, Ross, Edward S., additional, Rust, Michael K., additional, Sartori, Michel, additional, Saul-Gershenz, Leslie, additional, Schaefer, Carl W., additional, Schick, Katherine N., additional, Schmidt, Justin O., additional, Scott, Michelle Pellissier, additional, Scott, Thomas W., additional, Scriber, J. Mark, additional, Sehnal, František, additional, Sherman, Irwin W., additional, Sherman, Ronald A., additional, Simberloff, Daniel, additional, Simmons, Leigh W., additional, Simpson, S.J., additional, Smedley, Scott R., additional, Smith, Edward H., additional, Sonenshine, Daniel E., additional, Sorensen, John T., additional, Spagna, Joseph C., additional, Sparks, Beverly, additional, Sperling, Felix A.H., additional, Statzner, Bernhard, additional, Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, additional, Stehr, Frederick W., additional, Stewart, Kenneth W., additional, Stiling, Peter, additional, Storer, Andrew J., additional, Stork, Nigel E., additional, Stouthamer, Richard, additional, Strand, Michael R., additional, Strausfeld, Nicholas J., additional, Sturm, Helmut, additional, Suarez, R.K., additional, Sullivan, Daniel J., additional, Takeda, Satoshi, additional, Tauber, Catherine A., additional, Tauber, Maurice J., additional, Taylor, Orley R., additional, Telfer, William H., additional, Tennessen, K.J., additional, Terra, Walter R., additional, Thies, Carsten, additional, Thompson, F. Christian, additional, Thompson, S.N., additional, Thorp, James H., additional, Thorp, Robbin W., additional, Tilgner, Erich H., additional, Torkkeli, Päivi H., additional, Traniello, James F.A., additional, Tscharntke, Teja, additional, Vail, Karen M., additional, Driesche, R.G. Van, additional, Vaughan, Mace, additional, Vincent, Charles, additional, Virant-Doberlet, Meta, additional, Visscher, P. Kirk, additional, Vittum, Patricia J., additional, Walker, Gregory P., additional, Wallace, J. Bruce, additional, Webb, Graham C., additional, Weintraub, Phyllis, additional, Weirauch, Christiane, additional, Welter, Stephen C., additional, Weseloh, Ronald M., additional, Wheeler, Diana E., additional, Whiting, Michael F., additional, Will, Kipling W., additional, Williams, Stanley C., additional, Winterton, Shaun L., additional, Wood, David L., additional, Wootton, Robin J., additional, Yack, Jayne, additional, Zablotny, James E., additional, Zill, Sasha N., additional, and Zwick, Peter, additional

Published
2009
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57. Front Cover

Author

Bakker, Victoria J., primary, Sillett, T. Scott, additional, Boyce, Walter M., additional, Doak, Daniel F., additional, Vickers, T. Winston, additional, Reisen, William K., additional, Cohen, Brian S., additional, Hallworth, Michael T., additional, and Morrison, Scott A., additional

Published
2020
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61. CONTRIBUTORS

Author

Adler, Peter H., primary, Akre, Roger D., additional, Brenner, Richard J., additional, Catts, E. Paul, additional, Durden, Lance A., additional, Foster, Woodbridge A., additional, Gerhardt, Reid R., additional, Gupta, Raj K., additional, Hall, Robert D., additional, Krinsky, William L., additional, Lane, Robert S., additional, Lloyd, John E., additional, McCreadie, John W., additional, Moon, Roger D., additional, Mullen, Gary R., additional, Mullens, Bradley A., additional, Nicholson, William L., additional, OConnor, Barry M., additional, Reed, Hal D., additional, Reisen, William K., additional, Rutledge, Louis C., additional, Sonenshine, Daniel E., additional, Stockwell, Scott A., additional, Traub, Robert, additional, and Walker, Edward D., additional

Published
2002
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62. Predicting and Mitigating Outbreaks of Vector-Borne Disease Utilizing Satellite Remote Sensing Technology and Models

Author

Estes, Sue, Haynes, John, Kiang, Richard, Brown, Molly, and Reisen, William

Subjects
Aerospace Medicine
Abstract

Satellite earth observations present a unique vantage point of the earth's environment from space which offers a wealth of health applications for the imaginative investigator. The session will present research results of the remote sensing environmental observations of earth and health applications. This session will an overview of many of the NASA public health applications using Remote Sensing Data and will also discuss opportunities to become a research collaborator with NASA.

Published
2008

64. Delinquent mortgages, neglected swimming pools, and West Nile virus, California

Author

Reisen, William K., Takahashi, Richard M., Carroll, Brian D., and Quiring, Rob

Subjects
Company distribution practices, Swimming pools -- Health aspects, West Nile virus -- Health aspects, West Nile virus -- Distribution, West Nile fever -- Prevention, West Nile fever -- Risk factors, Consumer credit -- Influence
Abstract

Adjustable rate mortgages and the downturn in the California housing market caused a 300% increase in notices of delinquency in Bakersfield, Kern County. This led to large numbers of neglected [...]

Published
2008

67. N-linked glycosylation of the West Nile virus envelope protein is not a requisite for avian virulence or vector competence

Author

Maharaj, Payal D., primary, Langevin, Stanley A., additional, Bolling, Bethany G., additional, Andrade, Christy C., additional, Engle, Xavier A., additional, Ramey, Wanichaya N., additional, Bosco-Lauth, Angela, additional, Bowen, Richard A., additional, Sanders, Todd A., additional, Huang, Claire Y.-H., additional, Reisen, William K., additional, and Brault, Aaron C., additional

Published
2019
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69. Guidance for Evaluating the Safety of Experimental Releases of Mosquitoes, Emphasizing Mark-Release-Recapture Techniques

Author

Benedict, Mark Q., Charlwood, J. Derek, Harrington, Laura C., Lounibos, L. Philip, Reisen, William K., Tabachnick, Walter J., Benedict, Mark Q., Charlwood, J. Derek, Harrington, Laura C., Lounibos, L. Philip, Reisen, William K., and Tabachnick, Walter J.

Abstract

Experimental releases of mosquitoes are performed to understand characteristics of populations related to the biology, ability to transmit pathogens, and ultimately their control. In this article, we discuss considerations related to the safety of experimental releases of living mosquitoes, applying principles of good practice in vector biology that protect human health and comfort. We describe specific factors of experimental releases of mosquitoes that we believe are critical to inform institutional biosafety committees and similar review boards to which proposals to conduct mosquito release experiments have been submitted. In this study, "experimental releases" means those that do not significantly increase vector capacity or nuisance biting relative to the unperturbed natural baseline. This document specifically does not address releases of mosquitoes for ongoing control programs or trials of new control methods for which broader assessments of risk are required. It also does not address releases of transgenic or exotic (non-native) mosquito species, both of which require particular regulatory approval. Experimental releases may include females and males and evaluation must consider their effects based on the number released, their genotype and phenotype, the environment into which they are released, and postrelease collection activities. We consider whether increases of disease transmission and nuisance biting might result from proposed experimental releases against the backdrop of natural population size variation. We recommend that experimental releases be conducted in a manner that can be reasonably argued to have insignificant negative effects. Reviewers of proposals for experimental releases should expect applicants to provide such an argument based on evidence from similar studies and their planned activities. This document provides guidance for creating and evaluating such proposals.

Published
2018

70. Reemergence of St. Louis Encephalitis Virus, California, 2015

Author

White, Gregory S, Symmes, Kelly, Sun, Pu, Fang, Ying, Garcia, Sandra, Steiner, Cody, Smith, Kirk, Reisen, William K, and Coffey, Lark L

Subjects
St. Louis encephalitis virus, History, bird, mosquitoborne virus, vector-borne infections, Clinical Sciences, mosquito, arbovirus sequencing, Communicable Diseases, Microbiology, California, Disease Outbreaks, mosquito pool testing, Vaccine Related, flavivirus, Biodefense, human pathogen, Animals, Humans, viruses, Viral, Phylogeny, Emerging, Genome, viral phylogenetics, Prevention, emerging, St. Louis, Encephalitis Virus, 21st Century, sentinel bird, Culicidae, arbovirus, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Good Health and Well Being, Genes, Medical Microbiology, Population Surveillance, Public Health and Health Services, Encephalitis, Seasons, global viral spread, Infection, arbovirus surveillance
Abstract

St. Louis encephalitis virus infection was detected in summer 2015 in southern California after an 11-year absence, concomitant with an Arizona outbreak. Sequence comparisons showed close identity of California and Arizona isolates with 2005 Argentine isolates, suggesting introduction from South America and underscoring the value of continued arbovirus surveillance.

Published
2016

71. Low heterozygosity is associated with vector‐borne disease in crows

Author

Townsend, Andrea K., primary, Taff, Conor C., additional, Wheeler, Sarah S., additional, Weis, Allison M., additional, Hinton, Mitch G., additional, Jones, Melissa L., additional, Logsdon, Ryane M., additional, Reisen, William K., additional, Freund, David, additional, Sehgal, Ravinder N. M., additional, Saberi, Mojan, additional, Suh, Young Ha, additional, Hurd, Jacqueline, additional, and Boyce, Walter M., additional

Published
2018
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81. West Nile virus in California.

Author

Reisen, William, Reisen, William, Lothrop, Hugh, Chiles, Robert, Madon, Minoo, Cossen, Cynthia, Woods, Leslie, Husted, Stan, Kramer, Vicki, Edman, John, Reisen, William, Reisen, William, Lothrop, Hugh, Chiles, Robert, Madon, Minoo, Cossen, Cynthia, Woods, Leslie, Husted, Stan, Kramer, Vicki, and Edman, John

Abstract

West Nile virus (WNV) was first isolated in California during July 2003 from a pool of Culex tarsalis collected near El Centro, Imperial County. WNV transmission then increased and spread in Imperial and Coachella Valleys, where it was tracked by isolation from pools of Cx. tarsalis, seroconversions in sentinel chickens, and seroprevalence in free-ranging birds. WNV then dispersed to the city of Riverside, Riverside County, and to the Whittier Dam area of Los Angeles County, where it was detected in dead birds and pools of Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus. By October, WNV was detected in dead birds collected from riparian corridors in Los Angeles, west to Long Beach, and through inland valleys south from Riverside to San Diego County. WNV was reported concurrently from Arizona in mid-August and from Baja, Mexico, in mid-November. Possible mechanisms for virus introduction, amplification, and dispersal are discussed.

Published
2004

83. Tick‐, mosquito‐, and rodent‐borne parasite sampling designs for the National Ecological Observatory Network

Author

Springer, Yuri P., primary, Hoekman, David, additional, Johnson, Pieter T. J., additional, Duffy, Paul A., additional, Hufft, Rebecca A., additional, Barnett, David T., additional, Allan, Brian F., additional, Amman, Brian R., additional, Barker, Christopher M., additional, Barrera, Roberto, additional, Beard, Charles B., additional, Beati, Lorenza, additional, Begon, Mike, additional, Blackmore, Mark S., additional, Bradshaw, William E., additional, Brisson, Dustin, additional, Calisher, Charles H., additional, Childs, James E., additional, Diuk‐Wasser, Maria A., additional, Douglass, Richard J., additional, Eisen, Rebecca J., additional, Foley, Desmond H., additional, Foley, Janet E., additional, Gaff, Holly D., additional, Gardner, Scott L., additional, Ginsberg, Howard S., additional, Glass, Gregory E., additional, Hamer, Sarah A., additional, Hayden, Mary H., additional, Hjelle, Brian, additional, Holzapfel, Christina M., additional, Juliano, Steven A., additional, Kramer, Laura D., additional, Kuenzi, Amy J., additional, LaDeau, Shannon L., additional, Livdahl, Todd P., additional, Mills, James N., additional, Moore, Chester G., additional, Morand, Serge, additional, Nasci, Roger S., additional, Ogden, Nicholas H., additional, Ostfeld, Richard S., additional, Parmenter, Robert R., additional, Piesman, Joseph, additional, Reisen, William K., additional, Savage, Harry M., additional, Sonenshine, Daniel E., additional, Swei, Andrea, additional, and Yabsley, Michael J., additional

Published
2016
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94. Effects of Warm Winter Temperature on the Abundance and Gonotrophic Activity of Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) in California

Author

REISEN, WILLIAM K., THIEMANN, TARA, BARKER, CHRISTOPHER M., LU, HELEN, CARROLL, BRIAN, FANG, YING, and LOTHROP, HUGH D.

Subjects
Population Density, Culex, Time Factors, Oviposition, fungi, parasitic diseases, Temperature, Animals, Female, Feeding Behavior, Seasons, Article
Abstract

Culex tarsalis Coquillett, Cx. quinquefasciatus Say, and Cx. pipiens L. were collected during the warm winter of 2009 using dry ice-baited and gravid traps and walk-in red boxes positioned in desert, urban, and agricultural habitats in Riverside, Los Angeles, Kern, and Yolo Counties. Temperatures exceeded the preceding 50 yr averages in all locations for most of January, whereas rainfall was absent or below average. Abundance of Culex species in traps during January ranged from 83 to 671% of the prior 5 yr average in all locations. Few females collected resting were in diapause during January based on follicular measurements. Evidence for early season gonotrophic activity included the detection of freshly bloodfed, gravid, and parous females in resting collections, gravid oviposition site-seeking females in gravid female traps, and nulliparous and parous host-seeking females at dry ice-baited traps. Female Culex seemed to employ multiple overwintering strategies in California, including larval and adult quiescence, adult female diapause, and an intermediate situation with adult females collected with enlarged follicles, but without evident vitellogenesis. West Nile, St. Louis, or western equine encephalitis viruses were not detected in 198 pools of adults or 56 pools of adults reared from field-collected immatures collected during January and February 2009. Our preliminary data may provide insight into how climate change may extend the mosquito season in California.

Published
2010

95. Recasting the theory of mosquito-borne pathogen transmission dynamics and control

Author

Smith, David, Perkins, T. Alex, Reiner, Robert, Barker, Christopher, Niu, Tianchan, Chaves, Luis Fernando, Ellis, Alicia, George, Dylan, Le Menach, Arnaud, Pulliam, Juliet, Bisanzio, Donal, Buckee, Caroline, Chiyaka, Christinah, Cummings, Derek, Garcia, Andres, Gatton, Michelle, Gething, Peter, Hartley, David, Johnston, Geoffrey, Klein, Eili, Michael, Edwin, Lloyd, Alun, Pigott, David, Reisen, William, Ruktanonchai, Nick, Singh, Brajendra, Stoller, Jeremy, Tatem, Andrew, Kitron, Uriel, Godfray, H. Charles, Cohen, Justin, Hay, Simon, Scott, Thomas, Smith, David, Perkins, T. Alex, Reiner, Robert, Barker, Christopher, Niu, Tianchan, Chaves, Luis Fernando, Ellis, Alicia, George, Dylan, Le Menach, Arnaud, Pulliam, Juliet, Bisanzio, Donal, Buckee, Caroline, Chiyaka, Christinah, Cummings, Derek, Garcia, Andres, Gatton, Michelle, Gething, Peter, Hartley, David, Johnston, Geoffrey, Klein, Eili, Michael, Edwin, Lloyd, Alun, Pigott, David, Reisen, William, Ruktanonchai, Nick, Singh, Brajendra, Stoller, Jeremy, Tatem, Andrew, Kitron, Uriel, Godfray, H. Charles, Cohen, Justin, Hay, Simon, and Scott, Thomas

Abstract

Mosquito-borne diseases pose some of the greatest challenges in public health, especially in tropical and sub-tropical regions of theworld. Efforts to control these diseases have been underpinned by a theoretical framework developed for malaria by Ross and Macdonald, including models, metrics for measuring transmission, and theory of control that identifies key vulnerabilities in the transmission cycle. That framework, especially Macdonald’s formula for R0 and its entomological derivative, vectorial capacity, are nowused to study dynamics and design interventions for many mosquito-borne diseases. A systematic review of 388 models published between 1970 and 2010 found that the vast majority adopted the Ross–Macdonald assumption of homogeneous transmission in a well-mixed population. Studies comparing models and data question these assumptions and point to the capacity to model heterogeneous, focal transmission as the most important but relatively unexplored component in current theory. Fine-scale heterogeneity causes transmission dynamics to be nonlinear, and poses problems for modeling, epidemiology and measurement. Novel mathematical approaches show how heterogeneity arises from the biology and the landscape on which the processes of mosquito biting and pathogen transmission unfold. Emerging theory focuses attention on the ecological and social context formosquito blood feeding, themovement of both hosts and mosquitoes, and the relevant spatial scales for measuring transmission and for modeling dynamics and control.

Published
2014

96. Recasting the theory of mosquito-borne pathogen transmission dynamics and control

Author

Smith, David L., Perkins, T. Alex, Reiner, Jr. Robert C., Barker, Christopher M., Niu, Tianchan, Chaves, Luis Fernando, Ellis, Alicia M., George, Dylan B., Le, Menach Arnaud, Pulliam, Juliet R. C., Bisanzio, Donal, Buckee, Caroline, Chiyaka, Christinah, Cummings, Derek A. T., Garcia, Andres J., Gatton, Michelle L., Gething, Peter W., Hartley, David M., Johnston, Geoffrey, Klein, Eili Y, Michael, Edwin, Lloyd, Alun L., Pigott, David M., Reisen, William K., Ruktanonchai, Nick, Singh, Brajendra K., Stoller, Jeremy, Tatem, Andrew J., Kitron, Uriel, Godfray, H. Charles J., Cohen, Justin M., Hay, Simon I., Scott, Thomas W., Smith, David L., Perkins, T. Alex, Reiner, Jr. Robert C., Barker, Christopher M., Niu, Tianchan, Chaves, Luis Fernando, Ellis, Alicia M., George, Dylan B., Le, Menach Arnaud, Pulliam, Juliet R. C., Bisanzio, Donal, Buckee, Caroline, Chiyaka, Christinah, Cummings, Derek A. T., Garcia, Andres J., Gatton, Michelle L., Gething, Peter W., Hartley, David M., Johnston, Geoffrey, Klein, Eili Y, Michael, Edwin, Lloyd, Alun L., Pigott, David M., Reisen, William K., Ruktanonchai, Nick, Singh, Brajendra K., Stoller, Jeremy, Tatem, Andrew J., Kitron, Uriel, Godfray, H. Charles J., Cohen, Justin M., Hay, Simon I., and Scott, Thomas W.

Abstract

Mosquito-borne diseases pose some of the greatest challenges in public health, especially in tropical and sub-tropical regions of theworld. Efforts to control these diseases have been underpinned by a theoretical framework developed for malaria by Ross and Macdonald, including models, metrics for measuring transmission, and theory of control that identifies key vulnerabilities in the transmission cycle. That framework, especially Macdonald's formula for R0 and its entomological derivative, vectorial capacity, are nowused to study dynamics and design interventions for many mosquito-borne diseases. A systematic review of 388 models published between 1970 and 2010 found that the vast majority adopted the Ross-Macdonald assumption of homogeneous transmission in a well-mixed population. Studies comparing models and data question these assumptions and point to the capacity to model heterogeneous, focal transmission as the most important but relatively unexplored component in current theory. Fine-scale heterogeneity causes transmission dynamics to be nonlinear, and poses problems for modeling, epidemiology and measurement. Novel mathematical approaches show how heterogeneity arises from the biology and the landscape on which the processes of mosquito biting and pathogen transmission unfold. Emerging theory focuses attention on the ecological and social context formosquito blood feeding, themovement of both hosts and mosquitoes, and the relevant spatial scales for measuring transmission and for modeling dynamics and control., Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 108(4), pp.185-197; 2014

Published
2014

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