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Central post-stroke pain affects up to 12% of stroke survivors and is notoriously refractory to treatment. However, stroke patients often suffer from other types of pain of non-neuropathic nature (musculoskeletal, inflammatory, complex regional) and no head-to-head comparison of their respective clinical and somatosensory profiles has been performed so far. We compared 39 patients with definite central neuropathic post-stroke pain with two matched control groups: 32 patients with exclusively non-neuropathic pain developed after stroke and 31 stroke patients not complaining of pain. Patients underwent deep phenotyping via a comprehensive assessment including clinical exam, questionnaires and quantitative sensory testing to dissect central post-stroke pain from chronic pain in general and stroke. While central post-stroke pain was mostly located in the face and limbs, non-neuropathic pain was predominantly axial and located in neck, shoulders and knees (P

AIMS Excessively intense physical training can compromise the functionality of the immune system and contribute to the appearance of symptoms associated with overtraining syndrome (OTS). The aim of this study was to analyze the splenic morphological changes in Wistar rats submitted to demanding training. METHODS The animals were randomly assigned to 2 groups; control group (CG) and exercise group (EG), animals in the EG group were sacrificed after 1 (EG1) and 3 weeks (EG3) of training. The animals were stimulated to run on the treadmill (-20o; from 25m/min, with a progressive increase of 1.25m/minute at each session; 1 hour/day) 6 days/ week. Body weight, food intake, appearance of hair, behavior and ability of animals to perform the imposed work were assessed during the protocol. The spleen was collected for histological analysis and immunohistochemical identification of CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD8+ T cells and NF-kB transcription factor. RESULTS The protocol did not induce OTS, however, decreases were observed in areas of white pulp in EG3 in relation to the other groups. The training induced a decrease in splenic CD4+ T cells with an increase in CD8+T cells. The training increased the expression of NF-κB P65 compared to sedentary animals. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, even without manifestation of OTS, strenuous physical training, alter the histological and immunological structures of the spleen, suggesting in part a compromise in the functionality of the immune system.

Current cancer therapies are successfully increasing the lifespan of cancer patients. Nevertheless, cardiotoxicity is a serious chemotherapy-induced adverse side effect. Doxorubicin (DOX) and mitoxantrone (MTX) are cardiotoxic anticancer agents, whose toxicological mechanisms are still to be identified. This study focused on DOX and MTX’s cardiac mitochondrial damage and their molecular mechanisms. As a hypothesis, we also sought to compare the cardiac modulation caused by 9 mg/kg of DOX or 6 mg/kg of MTX in young adult mice (3 months old) with old control mice (aged control, 18–20 months old) to determine if DOX- and MTX-induced damage had common links with the aging process. Cardiac homogenates and enriched mitochondrial fractions were prepared from treated and control animals and analyzed by immunoblotting and enzymatic assays. Enriched mitochondrial fractions were also characterized by mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Data obtained showed a decrease in mitochondrial density in young adults treated with DOX or MTX and aged control, as assessed by citrate synthase (CS) activity. Furthermore, aged control had increased expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 α (PGC1α) and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Regarding the enriched mitochondrial fractions, DOX and MTX led to downregulation of proteins related to oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation, amino acid metabolic process, and tricarboxylic acid cycle. MTX had a greater impact on malate dehydrogenase (MDH2) and pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit α (PDHA1). No significant proteomic changes were observed in the enriched mitochondrial fractions of aged control when compared to young control. To conclude, DOX and MTX promoted changes in several mitochondrial-related proteins in young adult mice, but none resembling the aged phenotype.

Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciências da Educação na área de especialização Psicologia e Educação apresentada no ISPA - Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida no ano de 2020. A presente investigação teve como objetivo geral investigar as questões relacionadas com os fatores que estão subjacentes ao processo de transição de ciclo e a relação destes com o (in)sucesso escolar dos alunos. Neste sentido, os objetivos específicos definidos pretenderam analisar as perceções que os alunos têm em relação ao novo ciclo de ensino quando ainda frequentam o ciclo anterior, analisar os efeitos de transição no ajustamento escolar dos alunos, identificar as estratégias de apoio aplicadas pelos professores e investigar o seu envolvimento direto no processo de transição e adaptação do aluno ao novo ciclo. Esta investigação teve por base três estudos. O primeiro estudo incidiu nas representações sobre a transição do 1º para o 2º Ciclo do Ensino Básico em professores e alunos, centrando-se nas estratégias de apoio operacionalizadas por professores e escolas e nas expetativas dos alunos face ao novo ciclo. Participaram neste estudo 20 professores, 10 do 4º ano e 10 do 5º ano, e 12 alunos do 4º ano de escolaridade de escolas públicas. Os resultados mostraram que os professores de ambos os ciclos referem implementar estratégias que visam apoiar o aluno ao longo do processo de transição e adaptação ao novo ciclo, definindo-as como fundamentais no que ao processo de ajustamento do aluno diz respeito. Quanto aos alunos constata-se que têm uma ideia formada relativamente ao que será o novo ciclo, demonstrando expetativas positivas face ao mesmo, mas também algum receio face à incerteza do que os espera. Estas entrevistas estiveram na base da construção dos questionários utilizados no segundo e terceiro estudo. O segundo estudo teve como objetivo construir e validar três questionários, para aplicar na investigação principal sobre a transição de ciclo. Este estudo incluiu 405 participantes, sendo 141 alunos e 133 professores do 4º ano, e 131 do 5º ano de escolaridade. Os resultados da análise às propriedades métricas dos três instrumentos permitem concluir que os instrumentos apresentam uma estrutura fatorial e valores de fidelidade adequados. O terceiro e principal estudo teve como objetivo investigar as representações sobre a transição do 1º para o 2º Ciclo do Ensino Básico em professores e alunos, centrando-se nas estratégias de apoio operacionalizadas por professores e escolas e nas expetativas dos alunos face ao novo ciclo. Investigou-se também o impacto desta transição sobre o autoconceito e a motivação dos alunos. Sendo um estudo longitudinal incidiu, no primeiro ano de investigação, sobre uma amostra de 1003 alunos e 68 professores do 4º ano de escolaridade, e no segundo ano de investigação, sobre a mesma amostra reduzida a 848 alunos e 226 professores do 5º ano de escolaridade. Relativamente aos alunos e à perceção destes sobre o novo ciclo constata-se uma maior perceção relativamente ao novo espaço e às diferenças que existem nas dinâmicas escolares entre ciclos. No que se refere às expetativas em relação ao espaço escolar verifica-se que apenas parte da amostra apresenta uma maior motivação e que esta surge acompanhada por um misto de sentimentos face ao seu ingresso no novo espaço. Por fim, constatou-se ainda que os alunos demonstram uma menor perceção no que se refere aos aspetos ligados à aprendizagem. Quanto ao rendimento escolar, podemos apurar um decréscimo do rendimento às disciplinas de Língua Portuguesa e Matemática na transição do 1º para o 2º Ciclo de ensino. Analisado o autoconceito, os resultados evidenciam uma diminuição do autoconceito académico e um aumento do autoconceito não académico e da autoestima. Relativamente às orientações motivacionais os resultados mostram um aumento nas orientações para a tarefa e para o evitamento e uma diminuição nas orientações de autovalorização e de autodefesa. No que se refere aos professores e às estratégias de apoio ao aluno em transição de ciclo, os resultados confirmam a implementação de um conjunto de estratégias relacionadas com o ensino e a transmissão da informação sobre o 2º Ciclo aos alunos, no entanto, constata-se que as práticas de articulação entre professores de ambos os ciclos são praticamente inexistentes. Os resultados mostram ainda que a articulação entre os professores dos dois ciclos de estudos varia consoante o agrupamento. Na transição do 4º para o 5º ano de escolaridade, a análise dos efeitos do nível de articulação entre professores sobre a motivação dos alunos mostra que nos agrupamentos onde a articulação é mais elevada, os alunos apresentam níveis mais elevados de orientação para a tarefa e níveis inferiores de orientação para o evitamento. The present research aimed to investigate the issues related to the factors that underlie the cycle transition process and their relationship with the school (under) achievement of students. In this sense, the specific objectives defined aimed to analyze the perceptions that students have in relation to the new cycle of education when they still attend the previous cycle, to analyse the transition effects on the students` school adjustment, to identify the support strategies used by teachers and investigate their direct involvement in the process of transition and adaptation of the student to the new cycle. This research was based on three studies. The first study focused on the representations about the transition from the 1st to the 2nd Cycle of Basic Education in teachers and students, focusing on the support strategies operationalized by teachers and schools and in the students` expectations face to the new cycle. Twenty teachers participated in this study, 10 from the 4th grade and 10 from the 5th grade, and 12 students from the 4th grade of public schools. The results showed that the teachers of both cycles refer to implement strategies that aim to support the student throughout the transition process and adaptation to the new cycle, defining them as fundamental in relation to the student adjustment process. As for the students, it is observed that they have a representation regarding what the new cycle will be, showing positive expectations about it, but also some fear in the face of the uncertainty of what awaits them. These interviews were the basis for the construction of the questionnaires used in the second and third studies. The second study aimed to construct and validate three questionnaires, to apply in the main investigation on cycle transition. This study included 405 participants, 141 students and 133 teachers in the 4th grade, and 131 from the 5th grade of schooling. The results of the analysis of the metric properties of the three instruments allow us to conclude that the instruments have an adequate factorial structure and aceptable reliability values. The third and main study aimed to investigate the representations about the transition from the 1st to the 2nd Cycle of Basic Education in teachers and students, focusing on the support strategies operationalized by teachers and schools and on the expectations of students in the face of the new cycle. The impact of this transition on the students` self-concept and motivation was also investigated. Being a longitudinal study focused, in the first year of investigation, on a sample of 1003 students and 68 teachers of the 4th grade of schooling, and in the second year of investigation, on the same sample reduced to 848 students and 226 teachers of the 5th grade of schooling. Regarding the students and their perception of the new cycle, there is a greater perception of the new space and the differences that exist in the school dynamics between cycles. With regard to expectations regarding the school space, it is verified that only part of the sample presents a greater motivation and that it is accompanied by a mixture of feelings regarding their entry into the new space. Finally, it was also found that the students show a lower perception regarding the aspects related to learning. As for school performance, we can determine a decrease in income to the disciplines of Portuguese Language and Mathematics in the transition from the 1st to the 2nd Cycle of education. Once the self-concept is analysed, the results showed a decrease in academic self-concept and an increase in non-academic self-concept and self-esteem. Regarding motivational orientations, the results showed an increase in the orientations for the task and avoidance and a decrease in self-enhancement and self-defeating orientations. With regard to teachers and strategies to support students in cycle transition, the results confirm the implementation of a set of strategies related to teaching and the transmission of information about the 2nd Cycle to students, however, it is observed that the practices of articulation between teachers of both cycles are practically non-existent. The results also show that the articulation between the teachers of the two cycles of studies varies according to the grouping. In the transition from the 4th to the 5th grade of schooling, the analysis of the effects of the level of articulation between teachers on the motivation of the students shows that in the groups where the articulation is higher, the students present higher levels of orientation for the task and lower levels of orientation for avoidance.

We thank Dr. Zugaib et al. for the interest in our work.1 It has been suggested that modeling electric fields within the deep cortical structures would provide more reliable, target-effect conclusions. So far, the use of linear projection to target1 the posterior superior insula (PSI) has provided antinociceptive effects as measured by increases in the heat-pain threshold in patients with central pain2 and in healthy volunteers.3o Importantly, in a unique study,4 direct cortical stimulation of the PSI during stereo-EEG showed exactly4 the same heat-pain changes described by the linear projection-targeted deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Taken together, these are very strong arguments for the precision of such an approach. In addition, in the setups cited above, stimulation intensity was calculated using the anterior tibialis muscle as a parameter (with the leg representation buried medially within the primary motor cortex), which attests that a measurable amount of induced electric current was indeed delivered to the PSI. As pointed out by Zugaib and Souza,5 computing electric field would not solve the issue of intensity of stimulation. Because the linear projection-based deep TMS approach proved itself accurate on psychophysical terms, we propose a pragmatic “reverse-modeling” perspective that future electric-field models should take into account the data from linear projection in their algorithms because they have been validated against sham and active controls and provided information on the intensity of stimulation all at once.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Individual classification of patients scores based on normative data at baseline. Table S2. Distribution of the sample according to the results of the tests classified according to normative tables in absolute numbers, percentage and results of test of association (p) of the groups dTMS-PSI, dTMS-ACC and dTMS-Sham at the post - treatment (T1). Table 3. Comparison of cognitive test results between pre and post treatment, classified from normative tables in absolute numbers, percentage and association test results (p) of the dTMS-PSI; dTMS-ACC and dTMS -Sham groups.

Pixantrone (PIX) is an anticancer drug approved for the treatment of multiple relapsed or refractory aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. It is an aza-anthracenedione synthesized to have the same anticancer activity as its predecessors, anthracyclines (e.g. doxorubicin) and anthracenediones (e.g. mitoxantrone), with lower cardiotoxicity. However, published data regarding its possible cardiotoxicity are scarce. Therefore, this work aimed to assess the potential cytotoxicity of PIX, at clinically relevant concentrations (0.1; 1; and 10 µM) in both non-differentiated and 7-day differentiated H9c2 cells. Cells were exposed to PIX for 48 h and cytotoxicity was evaluated through phase contrast microscopy, Hoescht staining and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction and neutral red (NR) uptake assays. Cytotoxicity was observed in differentiated and non-differentiated H9c2 cells, with detached cells and round cells evidenced by phase contrast microscopy, mainly at the highest concentration tested (10 µM). In the Hoechst staining, PIX 10 µM showed a marked decrease in the number of cells when compared to control but with no signs of nuclear condensation. Furthermore, significant concentration-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction was observed through the MTT reduction assay. The NR assay showed similar results to those obtained in the MTT reduction assay in both differentiated and non-differentiated H9c2 cells. The differentiation state of the cells was not crucial to PIX effects, although PIX toxicity was slightly higher in differentiated H9c2 cells. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first in vitro study performed with PIX in H9c2 cells and it discloses worrying cytotoxicity at clinically relevant concentrations.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:16:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Plant species have been classified as being either heterobaric or homobaric based on the presence or absence (respectively) of bundle sheath extensions (BSE) in leaf veins. These leaf types differ in their physiological performance, and their occurrences tend to be associated with environment. This study investigated the presence/absence of BSE and their structural peculiarities in 49 woody species (28 angiosperm families) in the Brazilian Cerrado using anatomical methods. We measured the gas exchange indices and stomatal density. In addition to typical homobaric (61.2%) and heterobaric (22.4%) species, we also found species with intermediate BSE features. These we call “larger heterobaric” (12.2%) and “semi-heterobaric” (4.1%) species. In the former, BSE occurs around only the secondary veins, whereas in the latter the BSE projects only towards the adaxial leaf surface. The net CO2 assimilation rates, the stomatal conductance, the transpiration rates, and the carboxylation efficiencies were statistically higher in heterobaric than in homobaric species. In the larger heterobaric species, the photosynthetic indices were similar to those in the heterobaric species. Meanwhile, semi-heterobaric species showed photosynthetic indices similar to the homobaric species. We demonstrated that structural variation in the BSE is linked to physiological leaf performance, suggesting some correlation between leaf morphology and plant adaptations. São Paulo State University (UNESP) Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu (IBB) Centro de Microscopia Eletrônica (CME) São Paulo State University (UNESP) Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu (IBB) São Paulo State University (UNESP) Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu (IBB) Centro de Microscopia Eletrônica (CME) São Paulo State University (UNESP) Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu (IBB) FAPESP: 2014/12482-2 FAPESP: 2015/16307-3

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a topoisomerase II inhibitor commonly used in the treatment of several types of cancer. Despite its efficacy, DOX can potentially cause fatal adverse effects, like cardiotoxicity. This work aimed to assess the role of inflammation in DOX-treated infant and adult mice and its possible link to underlying cardiotoxicity. Two groups of CD-1 male mice of different ages (infants or adults) were subjected to biweekly DOX administrations, to reach a cumulative dose of 18.0 mg/kg, which corresponds approximately in humans to 100.6 mg/m2 for infants and 108.9 mg/m2 for adults a clinically relevant dose in humans. The classic plasmatic markers of cardiotoxicity increased, and that damage was confirmed by histopathological findings in both groups, although it was higher in adults. Moreover, in DOX-treated adults, an increase of cardiac fibrosis was observed, which was accompanied by an increase in specific inflammatory parameters, namely, macrophage M1 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 subunit, with a trend toward increased levels of the tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2). On the other hand, the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and interleukin (IL)-6 significantly decreased in DOX-treated adult animals. In infants, a significant increase in cardiac protein carbonylation and in the levels of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) was observed. In both groups, no differences were found in the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), IL-1β, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) or NF-κB p52 subunit. In conclusion, using a clinically relevant dose of DOX, our study demonstrated that cardiac effects are associated not only with the intensity of the inflammatory response but also with redox response. Adult mice seemed to be more prone to DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by mechanisms related to inflammation, while infant mice seem to be protected from the damage caused by DOX, possibly by activating such antioxidant defenses as Nrf2.

Esta pesquisa desenvolvida com os alunos do Ensino Médio Integrado (EMI) do Instituto Federal do Triângulo Mineiro - Campus Uberaba (IFTM-URA), foi motivada a partir das ocorrências de atos de depredação do patrimônio público escolar (PPE), no período pré-pandemia, e percebeu-se a necessidade de uma intervenção pedagógica para trabalhar a sensibilização para a preservação do PPE. Durante a pandemia da Covid-19 a presente pesquisa desenvolveu um audiovisual, denominado Usinagem FotoVídeo, onde alunos relataram a importância do espaço escolar para eles. O audiovisual foi visualizado por 94 alunos e 91% informaram que a Usinagem FotoVídeo contribuiu para a conscientização do PPE e 97% avaliaram como importante o protagonismo do aluno nas ações institucionais. Conclui que, a produção audiovisual como ferramenta para aprendizagem pode ser utilizada pelos educadores, independente da sua área de atuação, para tanto, é imprescindível que os alunos estejam motivados para que esse modal esteja mais próximo do entretenimento, do lazer e que a aprendizagem seja uma consequência.

Objective: We aimed to conduct a survey on the profile of victims of domestic violence at a women care center in São Francisco do Conde, Bahia. Material and methods: This was a qualitative and quantitative study analyzing 67 reports of of domestic violence against women. he reports were filed at the Center for Specialized Police for Assistance to Women (NUDEAM) from 2012 to 2014. Results: There was a predominance of reports in the years 2012 (29/67; 43.3%) and 2014 (30/67, 44.8%) with description of victims aged 19-39 years (40/67; 59.7%); black (15/67; 22.4%); with incomplete primary education (16/67; 23.9%); family income of a minimum wage plus social benefits (22/67; 33%);and having about 1 to 2 children (29/67; 43.3%). Regarding the type of violence recorded in the police report, there were cases of physical aggression added of three or more other types of violence (16/ 67; 23.9%); and the protective guidance measure about Maria da Penha Law (18/67; 26.9). Conclusion: There was an increase in the number of cases of domestic violence filed at NUDEAM between the years 2012 and 2014, including young women, black, with low education and family income, with 1 to 2 children and subjected to physical violence added to three or more types of violence by the perpetrator, in most cases, the partner himself. Objetivo: Buscou-se realizar um levantamento do perfil das vítimas de violência doméstica, atendidas em um núcleo de assistência à mulher no município de São Francisco do Conde, estado da Bahia. Material e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo do tipo quali-quantitativo com base em 67 registros de boletins de ocorrência de mulheres vitimas de violência doméstica que deram entrada no Núcleo da Delegacia Especializada em Atendimento à Mulher (NUDEAM), no período de 2012 a 2014. Resultados: Foi possível identificar que houve um predomínio de registros nos anos de 2012 (29/67; 43,3%) e 2014 (30/67, 44,8%) com descrição de vítimas com idade entre 19-39 anos (40/67; 59,7%), com etnia predominante negra (15/67;22,4%), com ensino fundamental incompleto (16/ 67; 23,9%), com renda familiar de um salário mínimo adicionado de benefício social (22/67; 33%) e, a maioria destas, possuindo entre 1 a 2 filhos (29/67; 43,3%). Quanto ao tipo de violência registrada no boletim de ocorrência, destacouse os casos de agressão física adicionada de três ou mais outros tipos de violência (16/67; 23,9%) e da medida protetiva de Orientação sobre a Lei Maria da Penha à vítima (18/67; 26,9). Conclusão: Houve um aumento no número de casos de vítimas de violência doméstica atendidas no NUDEAM entre os anos de 2012 e 2014, compreendendo mulheres jovens, negras, com baixa escolaridade e renda familiar, com 1 a 2 dois filhos e submetidas à violência física adicionada de três ou mais tipos de violência por parte do agressor, sendo este, na maioria dos casos, o próprio companheiro.

Na sociedade contemporânea, em que as barreiras geográficas e temporais são cada vez menores graças à popularização da internet, a tradução é fundamental, pois permite que pessoas de diferentes contextos culturais possam compartilhar informações em tempo real. A tradução é vista não apenas como o processo de busca por equivalências semânticas, mas como a resignificação de conteúdos em novos contextos. Este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre a interface entre jornalismo e tradução, relacionando os pilares das duas profissões – a busca pela objetividade e fidelidade, respectivamente – e a influência de diversos constrangimentos aos quais estão submetidas, a partir das Teorias do Jornalismo e dos Estudos da Tradução. O trabalho visa, por um viés sociolinguístico, identificar as diferentes abordagens do processo de impeachment da presidente do Brasil, Dilma Rousseff, em jornais online de abrangência mundial, a partir da comparação de notícias publicadas em inglês e português, e identificar as escolhas linguísticas que marcam estas abordagens. Para tanto, foram selecionadas matérias publicadas nestes idiomas nos jornais online Huffington Post e BBC na data da votação do processo de impeachment pela Câmara dos Deputados, 17 de abril de 2016. O trabalho apresenta um estudo quantitativo à luz da Linguística de Corpus, com auxílio de ferramentas de análise terminológica, que permitem a observação de diversos aspectos do texto que são relevantes para a pesquisa linguística.

Doxorubicin (DOX) and mitoxantrone (MTX) are two chemotherapeutic drugs, inhibitors of topoisomerase II that are used against several types of cancer. Regardless of their efficacy in cancer treatment, these drugs can cause long-term toxicity in several organs. The chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment or ‘chemobrain’ has been widely demonstrated in neuropsychological testing in cancer patients, even several years after treatment. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms of chemobrain are still not fully understood. Our work aimed to evaluate the effects of clinically relevant cumulative doses of DOX or MTX on the brain of male CD-1 mice at 3 different ages [juvenile (4 weeks), adult (3 months) and old (18-20 months)]. Mice received intraperitoneal injections of the drugs or a saline solution (control groups), twice a week, for 3 weeks. Between different aged groups, MTX-groups received a total cumulative dose of MTX 6 mg/kg. Regarding DOX, infant and adults received a cumulative dose of DOX 18 mg/kg, while the old group received a total cumulative dose of DOX 9 mg/kg. During the entire experimental procedure mice well-being was monitored, as well as food and water consumption. Mice were euthanized one week (adults and old mice) or seventeen days (juvenile mice) after the last injection and several determinations were done. Concerning the brain’s redox status, total glutathione (GSHt), reduced glutathione (GSH) and GSH/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio decreased in DOX adults, but in DOX infant brains despite receiving an equal cumulative dose no changes were seen. Nevertheless, DOX increased brain ATP levels in juvenile mice. MTX did not cause significant changes neither in glutathione nor in ATP brain levels in the groups tested. An extra experimental procedure was done with adult mice, where the left brain hemisphere was fixated in 4% paraformaldehyde, mounted in a vibratome and sectioned in the coronal plane throughout its extent. A systematic random sampling of the coronal sections was done at 480 µm interval. The sections obtained are being used for immunofluorescent detection of phosphorylated Tau, glial fibrillary acidic protein, BAX and p53 proteins in the hippocampus formation. In conclusion, our work showed that DOX and MTX differentially impact the brain and that DOX evoked damage might be dependent on animals’ age. Ackowledgments: ARM and VMC acknowledge Fundacao da Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) for their grants (SFRH/BD/129359/2017 and SFRH/BPD/110001/2015). Work supported by FEDER funds through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness Factors – COMPETE and by national funds by the FCT within the project “PTDC/DTP-FTO/1489/2014 – POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016537”.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:43:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-11-01 Poiretia Vent. is a Leguminosae (Papilionoideae, Dalbergieae) genus comprising 12 species which are distinguished mainly by external morphology of the leaves and inflorescences; however, overlapping in variation of several morphological traits has led to taxonomic problems, including erroneous identifications of species and varieties. Furthermore, attributes of recognized importance among legumes, such as characteristics of secretory structures, have been neglected in the distinction of Poiretia species. Here we described the leaflet blade anatomy of all 12 Poiretia species emphasizing the internal secretory structures in order to identify characters with potential taxonomic value. Leaflets were obtained from herbarium and from plants occurring in natural environments. Samples were processed according to standard techniques for plant anatomy. The leaflets of P. angustifolia and P. punctata were hypostomatic, whereas those of the other species were amphistomatic. The adaxial face of the main vein was flat in P. bahiana, P. coriifolia, P. latifolia and P. unifoliolata, slightly convex in P. elegans and concave in the other species. Bundle sheath extensions were observed in eight of the 12 species. A fiber cap with lignified walls was present externally to the phloem of the midrib, except P. bahiana, P. latifolia, P. marginata and P. punctata. Secretory cavities were present in the mesophyll of all species; in P. angustifolia, P. latifolia, P. longipes, P. marginata and P. tetraphylla secretory cavities occurred in the region of the mesophyll near the midrib, while in P. latifolia the secretory cavities occurred in the cortex of the midrib. The number of epithelial layers varied among species, with secretory cavities having two to six cell layers. Idioblasts in the epidermis of P. crenata, P. latifolia and P. mattogrossensis were quite voluminous. The distinctive characteristics observed among the species were used to develop an identification key for the species of Poiretia. Program of Post-Graduation in Biological Sciences (Botany) UNESP - São Paulo State University IBB - Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu UNESP - São Paulo State University IBB - Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu Departament of Botany, PO Box 510 Program of Post-Graduation in Biological Sciences (Botany) UNESP - São Paulo State University IBB - Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu UNESP - São Paulo State University IBB - Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu Departament of Botany, PO Box 510

Objective To compare the analgesic effects of stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) or the posterior superior insula (PSI) against sham deep (d) repetitive (r) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in patients with central neuropathic pain (CNP) after stroke or spinal cord injury in a randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled, 3-arm parallel study. Methods Participants were randomly allocated into the active PSI-rTMS, ACC-rTMS, sham-PSI-rTMS, or sham-ACC-rTMS arms. Stimulations were performed for 12 weeks, and a comprehensive clinical and pain assessment, psychophysics, and cortical excitability measurements were performed at baseline and during treatment. The main outcome of the study was pain intensity (numeric rating scale [NRS]) after the last stimulation session. Results Ninety-eight patients (age 55.02 ± 12.13 years) completed the study. NRS score was not significantly different between groups at the end of the study. Active rTMS treatments had no significant effects on pain interference with daily activities, pain dimensions, neuropathic pain symptoms, mood, medication use, cortical excitability measurements, or quality of life. Heat pain threshold was significantly increased after treatment in the PSI-dTMS group from baseline (1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.09–3.06]) compared to sham-dTMS (−1.02, 95% CI −2.10 to 0.04, p = 0.014), and ACC-dTMS caused a significant decrease in anxiety scores (−2.96, 95% CI −4.1 to −1.7]) compared to sham-dTMS (−0.78, 95% CI −1.9 to 0.3; p = 0.018). Conclusions ACC- and PSI-dTMS were not different from sham-dTMS for pain relief in CNP despite a significant antinociceptive effect after insular stimulation and anxiolytic effects of ACC-dTMS. These results showed that the different dimensions of pain can be modulated in humans noninvasively by directly stimulating deeper SNC cortical structures without necessarily affecting clinical pain per se. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01932905.

A poliafetividade e sua visão jurídica no Brasil. A pesquisa analisou a concepção de família, sua evolução histórica, conceitual e legals. Indicou a afetividade como norte contemporâneo para a relação familiar. Apresentou a poliafetividade do ponto de vista doutrinário, enfatizando a questão atinente ao Direito de Família e à sucessão. Examinou o instituto a partir de decisões jurisprudenciais. Tratou-se de um estudo exploratório e descritivo, com o uso da pesquisa bibliográfica, jurisprudencial e documental. Indicou a necessidade de um tratamento jurídico-legal, de cunho objetivo, à matéria.

Considerando as decisões estatais em saúde responsáveis pela confirmação real do alcance do direito à saúde e suas garantias na sociedade, objetiva-se refletir sobre a necessidade da soberania ser exercida em sua completude para que o termo direito à saúde seja aplicado como um direito democrático. O referencial teórico pauta-se na plena realização do direito à saúde desde que construído democraticamente (AITH, 2017). Metodologicamente foca-se na proteção constitucional e instituições jurídicas de participação democrática em saúde no Brasil. Verifica-se a emergência da saúde como direito revela a necessidade de participação democrática para seu reconhecimento e realização.

Mitoxantrone (MTX) is a pharmaceutical drug used in the treatment of several cancers and refractory multiple sclerosis (MS). Despite its therapeutic value, adverse effects may be severe, namely the frequently reported cardiotoxicity, whose mechanisms need further research. This work aimed to assess if inflammation or oxidative stress-related pathways participate in the cardiotoxicity of MTX, using the mouse as an animal model, at two different age periods (infant or adult mice) using two therapeutic relevant cumulative doses. Histopathology findings showed that MTX caused higher cardiac toxicity in adults. In MTX-treated adults, at the highest dose, noradrenaline cardiac levels decreased, whereas at the lowest cumulative dose, protein carbonylation increased and the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 subunit and of M1 macrophage marker increased. Moreover, MTX-treated adult mice had enhanced expression of NF-κB p52 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α), while decreasing interleukin-6 (IL-6). Moreover, while catalase expression significantly increased in both adult and infant mice treated with the lowest MTX cumulative dose, the expression of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and glutathione peroxidase only significantly increased in infant animals. Nevertheless, the ratio of GAPDH to ATP synthase subunit beta decreased in adult animals. In conclusion, clinically relevant doses of MTX caused dissimilar responses in adult and infant mice, being that inflammation may be an important trigger to MTX-induced cardiotoxicity.

Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar a experiência dos acadêmicos, perante a aplicação de práticas de Educação em Saúde em profissionais atuantes em uma Unidade de Pronto Atendimento, sobre os riscos do estresse profissional, desenvolvimento da Síndrome de Burnout e prevenções para tal. Relato de experiência: Trata-se de um estudo do tipo relato de experiência, feito por discentes de um curso de graduação em enfermagem. Para a realização da ação interventiva, fora utilizada a metodologia da problematização, em consonância com o arco de maguerez. O planejamento e execução da ação foram divididos em cinco etapas, sendo elas: observação da realidade, identificação de pontos-chave, teorização, hipóteses de solução e aplicação à realidade. Na aplicação, a ação deu-se em três momentos: a realização da palestra informativa sobre o estresse ocupacional; a execução de uma prática lúdica com os profissionais locais; e finalizando com uma canção em homenagem aos servidores e em valorização à vida. Considerações finais: As práticas aqui relatadas demonstraram retorno ao atingir e conscientizar os profissionais, estes os quais, relataram identificação com os sintomas expostos, além de correlacionarem os motivos ocupacionais que levem a tal. De tal forma, as práticas tiveram êxito em seus resultados.

Analisa os Direitos Humanos e sua efetividade no Brasil. Utiliza a pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e jurisprudencial. Aborda a construção histórica e multidimensionalidade dos Direitos Humanos. Apresenta a base conceitual e jurídica que sustenta tais direitos no contexto internacional e nacional. Discute os problemas da implementação destes e indica a urgência em romper com o distanciamento entre a amplitude de enunciação de direitos e sua implementação prática. Aponta a cultura em Direitos Humanos como um caminho para a libertação de indivíduos e a construção de sujeitos de direitos.

O presente estudo pretende fazer uma abordagem às qualidades únicas que o trompete barroco apresenta e lhe conferem um tremendo potencial pedagógico numa práctica simultânea com o trompete moderno. Os possíveis benefícios desta prática concomitante incluem o aumento da estabilidade da embocadura, eficiência e resistência, a eliminação de alguns maus hábitos já enraizados, uma base mais forte e uma melhor compreensão do desempenho da música deste período. A plausibilidade desses ganhos pedagógicos será evidenciada pela literatura pedagógica moderna e barroca, pelos princípios científicos por detrás dos dois tipos de trompete e pela experiência da rede de especialistas a abordar que demonstram altos níveis de proficiência em ambos os instrumentos.