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MAZUMDAR, J. 2017. Typification of Tectaria paradoxa (Polypodiaceae subfam. Tectarioideae). Reinwardtia 16(2): 93?95. — Aspidium paradoxum has not yet been lectotypified, because the original material is ambiguous. A specimen from the collections of A. Fée, the author of the species, was located in the herbarium of Montpellier (MPU), which is here designated as the lectotype for this species. It is now known as Tectaria paradoxa, a fern species widely distributed across tropical Asia.

VELDKAMP, J. F. 2017. Poa opinata (Gramineae), a new species from G. Binaiya, Ceram, Moluccas, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 16 (2): 73–75. — Poa species is described from Ceram, Moluccas and compared to Poa languidior from New Guinea.

RUGAYAH & SUNARTI, S. 2017. The genus Lasianthus (Rubiaceae) in Wawonii Island, Sountheast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 16 (2): 97–101. — Recent botanical excursions carried out at Wawonii island, Southeast Sula-wesi yielded two Lasianthus novelties distinct from other Lasianthus species enumerated for Sulawesi. These two new species are described here as Lasianthus wawoniiensis Rugayah & Sunarti and L. macrobracteatus Rugayah & Sunarti. Descriptions and illustrations of the two new species are provided, including an identification key to all Lasianthus species occurring in the area.

RUSTIAMI, H. & HENDERSON, A. 2017. A synopsis of Calamus (Arecaceae) in Sulawesi. Reinwardtia 16 (2): 49-63. - A synopsis of the rattan genus Calamus in the Indonesian island of Sulawesi is given. Twenty-three species are recognized, including two new species that are described and illustrated: Calamus posoanus and C. sandsii. Nomencla-ture, including designation of 17 lectotypes, is given for each species, as well as notes on distribution, habitat, vernacu-lar names, specimens examined, uses, and systematics.

MAMBRASAR, Y. M. & SCHUITEMAN, A. 2017. A new species of Trichotosia (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Podochileae) from Tambrauw, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 16(2): 107-110. - Trichotosia gabriel-asemiana Mambrasar & Schuiteman. Its description and illustration was presented.

Reinwardtia Dumortier (1822: 19) (Linaceae) with one species Reinwardtia indica Dumortier (1822: 19) is mainly distributed in northern India, China and Southeast Asia (Dressler et al. 2014). The genus belongs to subfamily Linoideae, tribe Eulineae (Winkler 1931, Dressler et al. 2014). Reinwardtia indica is heterostylous, and dimorphic pollen and stigmas are reported (Bahadur et al. 1996, Sugawara et al. 2002). Historically, two Reinwardtia species, R. tetragyna Planchon (1848: 523) and R. trigyna (Roxburgh, 1799:357) Planchon (1848: 522) have been recorded in Myanmar (Kress et al. 2003), but R. trigyna has been treated as a synonym of R. indica (Grierson & Long 1987, The Plant List 2013, Dressler et al. 2014).

TURNER, I. M. 2017. A new combination for a subspecies of Radermachera quadripinnata (Bignoniaceae). Reinwardtia 16(1): 47 – 48. — The new combination Radermachera quadripinnata subsp. lobbii is made to replace subsp. acuminata as the autonym Radermachera lobbii subsp. lobbii has priority over R. lobbii subsp. acuminata. Lectotypes are designated for Spathodea lobbii Teijsm. & Binn. and Radermachera lobbii subsp. acuminata Steenis.

SULISTYANINGSIH, L. D. 2016. Newly described and newly recorded of infraspecific taxa of Musa borneensis Becc. (Musaceae) from Sulawesi, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 16 (1): 19 - 24. - A new variety of Musa borneensis, M. borneensis var. donggalaensis Sulis. is proposed based upon specimens from Donggala, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Endemic status of M. borneensis was rejected. The description, distribution map and the identification key are provided.

ROBIANSYAH, I. 2017. Predicting habitat distribution of endemic and critically endangered Dipterocarpus littoralis in Nusakambangan, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 16(1): 11 - 18. - The tree species Dipterocarpus littoralis (Bl.) Kurz. is endemic to Nusakambangan and categorized as critically endangered. In the present study, the habitat suitability of the species in Nusakambangan was predicted using logistic regression analysis and Maxent model. Three topographic variables (elevation, slope, and aspect), distance from river and coastline, and one vegetation index (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)) as well as two water content indexes (Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI)) were used as predictors of the models. Employing initial number of 82 presence and 250 absence data of D. littoralis, both models were able to predict the suitable areas for the species with fairly high success rate. The AUC and Kappa value for logistic regression were 0.77 ± 0.027 and 0.34 ± 0.058, respectively, while the respected values for Maxent were 0.91 ± 0.062 and 0.37 ± 0.025. Logistic regression analysis identified a total area of 26.13 km2 to be suitable for D. littoralis, while a smaller suitable area (7.85 km2) was predicted by Maxent model. Coastal areas in the west part of the island were predicted by both models as areas with high suitability for D. littoralis. Furthermore, distance from coastline and river, elevation, NDVI, NDWI and NDMI were suggested to be very important for the species ecology and distribution. The results of this study may serve as a basis for population reinforcement and reintroduction programs of D. littoralis and guide for ecosystem management of Nusakambangan Island as a whole.

RAHAYU, S. & RODDA, M. 2017. Hoya narcissiflora (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae), a new species from Borneo. Reinwardtia 16(1): 11 – 16. — A new species of Hoya from Borneo is described, namely Hoya narcissiflora S. Rahayu & Rodda. The species has thin, non-succulent leaves similar to those of species in the Hoya campanulata Group and shallowly campanulate corolla. It is compared with all other Bornean Hoya species possessing campanulate corollas.

PUSPITANINGRUM, D., MUSTAQIM, W. A. & ARDIYANI, M. 2017. A new record of Etlingera pauciflora (Zingiberaceae) in Java, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 16 (1): 1 - 4. — Etlingera pauciflora has been documented for the first time in Java, Indonesia, at Mount Honje, Ujung Kulon National Park, Banten. Description, figure as well as DNA barcodes are provided.

PURWANINGSIH, POLOSOKAN, R., YUSUF, R. & KARTAWINATA, K. 2017. Phytosociological study of the montane forest on the south slope of Mt. Wilis, East Java. Indonesia. Reinwardtia 16(1): 31 - 45. —A phytosociological stud y of a montane forest was carried out on the south slope of Mount Wilis, Kediri, East Java. The objective of the study was to do quantitative measurements of floristic composition and structure of the montane forest located within the seasonally dry climatic region as to date no such study has been undertaken there. It was conducted using the quadrat method by establishing plots of 2500 m2 each at five locations at the altitudes of 1100 m asl (above sea level), 1200 m asl, 1300 m asl, 1400 m asl and 1500 m asl, thus the total area sampled was 1.25 ha. They were Plot1100 at Bekayang, Plot1200 at Bukit Bendera, Plot1300 at Batutulis, Plot1400 at Mergosepi and Plot1500 at Brak. A total of 1045 trees comprising 74 species of 50 genera and 33 families were recorded. Based on a species constancy index of 100 %, the Saurauia nudiflora-Weinmannia blumei association was established. The association consisted of (1) the Cyathea-Polycias subassociation, representing the heavily disturbed forest, currently dominated by Cyathea contaminans and (2) the Villebrunea-Syzygium subassociation, representing the least disturbed forests, dominated by Syzygium lineatum and Villebrunea rubescens. The lowest number of species (13) was recorded in Plot1100 and the highest number (39) in Plot1300. Important species recorded included Cyathea contaminans (Importance Value, IV= 47.97); Lithocarpus sp. (IV= 22.07); Lithocarpus sundaicus (IV= 14.05); Saurauia pendula (IV= 12.85); Villebrunea rubescens (IV= 12.12) and Syzygium lineatum (IV= 11.22). Diameter measurements showed that 76.60 % of trees in Plot1100 and 86.60 % in Plot1200 consist of small individuals with diameters between 10 and 30 cm. Trees with large diameters of >30 cm occurred in Plot1300, Plot1400 and Plot1500. The presence of large numbers of small trees and lesser numbers of trees with large diameters in a forest stand indicated that the stand was regenerating after heavy disturbance. The presence of the majority of trees with height of < 20 m (99 %) further confirmed the forest’s dynamic status.

Reinwardtia tachinina Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 Distribution. Ecuador, Venezuela. ECUADOR, San Eduardo (Campos 1960); VENEZUELA (Brauer & Bergenstamm 1889)., Published as part of LÖWENBERG-NETO, PETER & DE CARVALHO, CLAUDIO J. B., 2013, Muscidae (Insecta: Diptera) of Latin America and the Caribbean: geographic distribution and check-list by country, pp. 1-147 in Zootaxa 3650 (1) on page 36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3650.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5264631, {"references":["Brauer, F. & Bergenstamm, J. von (1889) Die Zweiflugler des Kaiserlichen Museums zu Wien. IV. Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Muscaria Schizometopa (exclusive Anthomyidae). Pars I. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaften Klasse, 56, 69 - 180.","Campos, R. F. (1960) Las moscas (Brachycera) del Ecuador. Revista Ecuatoriana de Higiene y Medicina Tropical, 17, 1 - 66."]}

The collections of live plants at the National Museum of Natural History in Paris (Australian and Tropical Green Houses, Alpine Garden, Chevreloup's Arboretum and Menton's Exotic Garden) include many ornamental and also many medicinal and aromatic plants which are threatened or only represented by a few individuals. Firstly, a palynological inventory of more than 250 species allowed an evaluation of the male gametophyte (pollen) biodiversity of these collections. The study is illustrated by observations using scanning electron microscopy. These are sixteen of Dicotyledons and eight Monocotyledons selected according to the systematic and conservation status of the plant and the originality or representativity of their pollen type and structure: Dicotyledons: Peumus, Harrisia, Fenestraria, Sparmannia, Bauhinia, Banksia, Sarcocaulon, Reinwardtia, Mina, Jaborosa, Whitfieldia, Thunbergia, Martynia, Sesamothamnus. Felicia. Monocotyledons: Cyperus, Billbergia, Spathiphyllum, Furcraea, Crinum, Iris, Aloe...

DAMAYANTO, I P. G. P. & WIDJAJA, E. A. 2016. A new species o Schizostachyum (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from Sumba Island, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 15(2): 119 – 122. — Schizostachyum purpureum Damayanto & Widjaja is a new species from Sumba Island. Its description and illustration are presented.

MIRAADILA, M. I., SHABDIN, Z. & MEEKIONG, K. 2016. Two new species and one new geographical record for Sarawak, Malaysia (Cyperaceae: Mapanioideae). Reinwardtia 15(2): 129 – 135. — Mapania hidiriana and M. sembilingensis, two new species from Sarawak, Malaysia are described and illustrated. Mapania hidiriana can be differentiate from M. meditensis by elongated lanceolate inflorescences. Whilst, M. sembilingensisis differ from M. multiflora and M. hispida by the floral and fruit morphologies. In additional, M. spadicea Uittien, a new geographical record for Sarawak is also presented.

GIRMANSYAH, D. 2016. A new species of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from Sumbawa, Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 15(2): 115 – 118. — A new species of Begonia L. (Begoniaceae), Begonia semongkatensis Girm., is described from Sumbawa Island, Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. The species belongs to Begonia section Reichenheimia. An illustration, identification key and distribution maps are provided.

VEDKAMP, J. F. 2016. A revision of Iseilema (Gramineae) in Malesia. Reinwardtia 15(2): 123 – 127. — There are three very rare and localized species in Malesia; one from Java is new. Notes on some other Southeast Asian species are given.

ASTUTI, I. P. & RUGAYAH. 2016. A new species of Murraya from Cyclops Mountain, Papua, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 15(2): 111 –114. — A living collection of Bogor Botanic Gardens, planted in plot XXIV.A.192-192a and originated from Kemiri Said Nature Reserve, Cyclops Mountain in Papua collected by Lugrayasa (LG 1352), is described and illustrated as a new species, namely Murraya cyclopensis Astuti & Rugayah. The species is closely related to Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack, in vegetative and flower structures, but differ in the presence of indumentum on twig, rachis and petiole, smaller size of flowers, red globose fruits, and orbicular seeds covered by densely short hairs and red aril.

ARDHAKA, I. M., ARDI, W. H., UNDAHARTA, N. K. E. & TIRTA, I. G. 2016. A new species Begonia from Manusela National Park, Seram. Reinwardtia 15(1): 61 – 64. — A new species of Begonia, B. manuselaensis Ardhaka & Ardi, is described from Seram, Maluku province, Indonesia. The species is endemic to Seram and belongs to Begonia section Petermannia.

SYAM, N., CHIKMAWATI, T. & RUSTIAMI, H. 2016. A phenetic study of the Calamus flabellatus complex (Palmae) in West Malesia. Reinwardtia 15(1): 27 - 41. — The number of species within the Calamus flabellatus complex is still under controversy because the taxonomic status of the species is not yet clear. Morphological observations were conducted on 119 collections of Calamus in the Herbarium Bogoriense (BO) and specimen images from the Singapore Herbarium (SING) and Kew Herbarium (K). The results showed that C. flabellatus complex (all species related to C. flabellatus) in West Malesia consisted of eight species and two varieties, i.e. C. acuminatus, C. amplijugus, C. congestiflorus, C. corrugatus, C. flabellatus, C. hypertrichosus, C. javensis, and C. ruvidus. They can be distinguished using several characters, i.e. leaf sheath, knee, ocrea, leaves, inflorescence, shape of fruit, number scale of fruit and seed. Calamus flabellatus var. laevibus and C. flabellatus var. congestispinosus are two new proposed varieties. Phenetic analysis of C. flabellatus complex in West Malesia divided all species into two major clusters with similarity coefficient of 46%.

The aerial parts of 54 accessions representing 41 Linum species and four species of related genera were analysed for lignans by means of HPLC-ESI/MS-MS-UV/DAD. In total, 64 different lignans of the aryltetralin-, arylnaphthalene-, aryldihydronaphthalene-, dibenzylbutyrolactone-, and furofuran type were identified. According to their lignan profile, the Linum species can be divided in two groups accumulating as major lignan types either cyclolignans of the aryltetralin-series on one hand, or aryldihydronaphthalenes/arylnaphthalenes, on the other. Five of the investigated Linum species did not contain any detectable amounts of these lignans under the chosen analytical conditions. Furthermore, none of the lignans identified in Linum species was detectable in representatives of three related genera, namely, Reinwardtia (Linaceae, Linoideae), Hugonia and Indorouchera (Linaceae, Hugonioideae). The two species groups differing in the types of the dominating cyclolignans comprise representatives of the major taxonomic sections. Representatives of sections Syllinum, Cathartolinum and Linopsis accumulate mainly aryltetralins while those of sections Linum and Dasylinum were found to contain mainly aryldihydronaphthalenes/-naphthalenes. These phytochemical data correlate very well with a recent study on the molecular phylogeny of Linum/Linaceae, where a subdivision of Linum into two major clades comprising representatives of the two mentioned groups was found. Thus, the distribution of lignans apparently reflecting phylogenetic interrelations at the infrageneric level, a plausible scenario for the evolution of lignan biosynthesis in the genus Linum can now be presented.

VELDKAMP, J. F. & SULISTYANINGSIH, L. D. 2015. Nomenclature and typification of Musa salaccensis Zoll. ex Kurz (Musaceae). Reinwardtia 14(2): 299 - 302. — A nomenclatural history is given for Musa salaccensis (Musaceae) from Java and Sumatra, Indonesia. Previous typifications are rejected and a lectotype is designated here from original material.

MAHYUNI, R., KUSUMA,Y. W. C., WIHERMANTO & VELDKAMP, J. F. 2015. Notes on Rafflesia (Rafflesiaceae) in Sumatra with a new record Rafflesia gadutensis Meijer. Reinwardtia 14(2): 317 - 322. -- Pulau Mursala is a small island west of the Sibolga, Tapanuli Tengah District, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The occurrence of the genus Rafflesia (Rafflesiaceae) there has never been reported before. However, during a visit in April 2013 three populations are located close together with more than twenty buds and some rotting blooming flowers, Tetrastigma sp. was detected. Field observations could be made and material was collected for comparison with that in the Herbarium Bogoriense (BO). It was concluded that they are R. gadutensis Meijer, which is known from Padang, Ulu Gadut. Notes on its morphology are given. The distribution of species is discussed.

DE WILDE, W. J. J. O., DUYFJES, B. E. E. & RUGAYAH. 2015. Gymnopetalum pectinatum (W. J. De Wilde & Duyfjes) Rugayah: rank of species for Gymnopetalum scabrum var. pectinatum (Cucurbitaceae). Reinwardtia 14(2):323 - 324. - With Gymnopetalum pectinatum (W. J.de Wilde & Duyfjes) Rugayah, stat. nov.& comb. nov., a coastal species, four species in Gymnopetalum are now recognized in Malesia

TAN, A. L., KAMAL, N. M., TAN, H. P. & ROSLAN, I. 2015. Notes on morphological characteristics of Eurycoma spp. and its status in Peninsular Malaysia. Reinwardtia 14 (2): 259 - 263. — A study had been carried out on the genus Eurycoma Jack that aimed to ascertain the diagnostic characteristics of the two species that occur in Peninsular Malaysia. Samples were collected from 15 localities comprising of forest reserves and plantations throughout Peninsu-lar Malaysia covering the 5 regions i.e. northern, western, eastern, southern and central. The sampling was done to capture the morphological variations from different habitat. In general, morphologically both species were very similar. They could be clearly distinguished using their fertile parts. Eurycoma longifolia Jack had long, drooped inflorescences while in E. apiculata A.W. Benn was usually short, pointed upwards. Small differences were also noted on the leaflet of E. apiculata where the apex of the leaflet was often abruptly pointed while its base was rounded with conspicuous petiolule. On contrary, E. longifolia leaflet apex was usually subacute with its base asymmetrical and decurrent to its petiolule. In addition, anatomical transverse section of E. longifolia leaflet midrib outline and margin were dissimilar with E. apiculata by having convex abaxial surface and blunt tip margin compared to the slightly arc-shape abaxial and tapered margin in E. apiculata. The abundancy of Eurycoma spp. had decreased.

VELDKAMP J. F. & WARDANI, W. 2015. Asplenium tenerum var. pallidum is the correct name for A. thunbergii var. belangeri (Aspleniaceae). Reinwardtia 14(2): 303 - 306. — Asplenium tenerum G. Forst. var. pallidum (Blume) Veldk. & Wardani, comb. nov. (Aspleniaceae), is the correct name for what usually is known as A. thunbergii Kunze var. belangeri (Bory) Kunze. Types are designated.

KIEW, R. 2015. Chionanthus (Oleaceae) in Sulawesi, Indonesia, including three new species. Reinwardtia 14(2): 287 ‒295. ― The genus Chionanthus (Oleaceae) in Sulawesi is revised. Nine species are described of which C. kostermansiiKiew, C. sordidus Kiew and C. sulawesicus Kiew are new species. Four species are endemic, C. celebicus Koord., C.sordidus, C. stenurus (Merr.) Kiew and C. sulawesicus. The geographic range of C. cordulatus Koord. extends to Borneoand Mollucas, while C. kostermansii also occurs in Sumbawa and Flores, and the range of C. rupicolus (Lingelsh.)Kiew extends to Sumbawa, Mollucas, New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago. Chionanthus polygamus (Roxb.)Kiew and C. ramiflorus Roxb. are both widespread species, the former from Sumatra to New Guinea and the latter fromcontinental Asia to the Solomon Islands. A key to identify the species is provided. Chionanthus gigantifolius Koord.remains incompletely known.

NISHIDA, S. & VAN DER WERFF, H. Do cuticle characters support the recognition of Alseodaphne, Nothaphoebe and Dehaasia as distinct genera? Reinwardtia 14(1): 53 – 66. ? The Asian members of the Persea group are divided among the genera Alseodaphne, Apollonias, Dehaasia, Machilus, Nothaphoebe and Phoebe. A recent phylogenetic analysis has shown that Machilus and Phoebe are supported as monophyletic genera but evidence that the closely related genera Alseodaphne, Dehaasia and Nothaphoebe are monophyletic or not was equivocal. In this study we analyzed cuticle characters of 95 collections belonging to the Asian members except for Apollonias. We anticipated two possible outcomes. If the genera were not monophyletic, we expected that the groups based on cuticle characters would consist of species belonging to different genera. If the genera were monophyletic, we expected that the groups based on cuticle characters would consist of species belonging to the same genus. We found 16 groups based on cuticles. Of these, 12 consisted of species of a single genus (one group included a single species and thus a single genus). The four mixed groups included mostly species of one genus with 1 or 2 species of a different genus. Our results support the recognition of Alseodaphne, Dehaasia, Machilus, Nothaphoebe and Phoebe as distinct genera.

Fur die Namen von 22 Covolvulaceen-Gattungen (Amphione Raf., Aniseia Choisy, Breweria R. Br., Bucharea Raf., Dufourea H. B. K., Exocroa Raf., Exogonium Choisy, Fraxima Raf., Jacquemontia Choisy, Leptocallis G. Don, Modesta, Raf., Montejacquia Roberty, Nemostima Raf., Polymeria R. Br., Plesiagopus Raf., Reinwardtia Spr., Rhodorhiza Webb, Rhodoxylon Raf., Sanilum Raf., Sciadiara (Raf.) Jacks., Tirtalia Raf., Turpethum Raf.) wird die Lectotypenauswahl diskutiert. For 22 generic names of some Convolvulaceae (see above) the choice of lectotypes is discussed.

* Part I of the present series ("Cyphellaceae") was published in Reinwardtia 1: 199-220. 1951; Part II (Hymenolichens), in Reinwardtia 2: 435-440. 1954; Part III ("Clavariaceae"), in Reinwardtia 2: 441-493. 1954; Part IV ("Boletaceae"), in Reinwardtia 3: 275-313. 1955; Part V ("Hydnaceae"), in Taxon 5: 69-80, 95-115. 1956; Part VI (Brachybasidiaceae, Cryptobasidiaceae, Exobasidiaceae), in Reinwardtia 3: 113-118. 1956; Part VII, in Taxon 6: 17-28, 68-85, 106-123. 1957; Part VIII (Auriculariaceae, Septobasidiaceae, Tremellaceae, Dacrymycetaceae), in Taxon 7: 164-178, 193-207, 236-250. 1958; Part IX ("Meruliaceae" and Cantharellus s. str.), in Fungus 28: 7-15. 1958; [Part X] The generic names proposed for Polyporaceae, in Persoonia 1: 173-302. 1960; [Part XI] The generic names proposed for Agaricaceae. In press. ** Rijksherbarium, Leiden. to the Introduction to "The generic names proposed for Polyporaceae" (Donk in Persoonia 1: 173-175. 1960), in which also some technical terms are explained. The use of 'per' instead of 'ex' between author's names may be briefly explained: 'per' connects the citation of an author who would validly have published the name if the starting point of a later date than May 1, 1753 of the group concerned had not been adopted (devalidated name) with the citation of the author who actually validly published the name (revalidated name); compare Donk (in Taxon 6: 255-256. 1957; 10: 68-69. 1961).

The present study aimed to evaluate the safety of the alcoholic leaves extract of Reinwardtia indica in Charles foster rats through an acute and sub-acute oral administration.For assessment of acute oral toxicity test, ratswere orally treated with single dose of the alcoholic leaves extract of Reinwardtia indica at the doses of 50, 250, 500, 1000 2000 and 5000 mg/kg. In sub-acute toxicity study, using the OECD guidelines no. 407, the extract was administered at the doses of 50, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg/day for 28 consecutive days and at the dose of 2000 mg/kg satellite group also used for 6 weeks.In acute toxicity above mentioned doses neither showed mortality nor exterior signs of toxicity. In sub-acute, study no significant changes found in haematological and biochemical level ofthe treated rat after 14 days and 28 days in comparison to control. The histopathology of rat brain, kidney, liver, and heart also showed the no cellular changes after extract treated rat.The alcoholic leaves extract of Reinwardtia indica was found non-toxic in single drug dose administration up to 5000 mg/kg (acute study) and in sub-acute administration up to 2000 mg/kg.

When working on the taxonomy of the species of Zornia Pers. occurring in Africa, one of us (E.M.-R.) realized that the epithet diphylla, hitherto widely used for African plants, could not rightly be applied to any African species of Zornia. In his paper on 'Zornia in Tropical Africa' (in Bol. Soc. Brot., ser. 2, 28: 79 (I954)) he states that we have 'most conclusively solved' the problem as to what is Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers. This solution has been accepted by R. H. Mohlenbrock in 'A monograph of the Leguminous genus Zornia' (in Webbia 16: 67 (1961)), but not by M. S. van Meeuwen, H. P. Nooteboom & C. G. G. J. van Steenis (in Reinwardtia 5: 453 (i96I)) who continue to refer the Malaysian species to a pan-tropical species called Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers.! In view of this, we have decided to publish the facts and arguments on which our conclusions are based. The basionym of Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers. is Hedysarum diphyllum L., of which the protologue in Linnaeus's 'Species Plantarum': 747 (I753) is as follows