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Data recovery was completed at Pueblo del Rio as specified in the work plan developed after the testing phase. The purpose of the data recovery was to recover sufficient information from the portion of Pueblo del Rio within the EPNG right-of-way to answer general research questions as outlined in the treatment plan and to mitigate the adverse effect of the proposed EPNG undertaking on the cultural resources within the right-of-way. These goals were accomplished. However, the highly disturbed nature of the deposits made interpretation of the investigated features difficult. Additionally, the spatial limits of the project area within the narrow EPNG right-of-way precluded site-wide generalizations.

Between January 18 and July 1, 2005, archaeologists from Environmental Planning Group (EPG) conducted data recovery at a portion of the Las Canopas Site (AZ T:12:137[ASM]) within the City of Phoenix. Las Canopas is a large Hohokam village that extends more than 1 mile. Previous testing at the site identified at total of 46 features, including 5 cremations and 5 inhumations (Dobschuetz 2004b). Data recovery efforts focused on expanding those areas where human remains were identified to determine whether more human remains and associated funerary objects were present at the site. Individuals participating in the project include Kris Dobschuetz as principal investigator; Scott Wilcox as Field Director; April Tutt as Crew Chief, with field crew Jennifer Epperson, Gretchen Gallagher, Mark Howe, Kim Kennedy, Peter Marckman, C. Scott Crownover, Barbara Miller, Gina Gage, and Bill Elsey. Volunteers at the site include Matthew Thomas. Bruce Phillips of EcoPlan Associates, Inc. served as the project geomorphologist. ReBecca Hill of Soil Systems, Inc. served as project osteologist. The fieldwork required a total of 431 person-days to complete. The following report is a summary of the project accomplishments and preliminary findings of the data recovery program at this site. The report also includes a general assessment of the nature, number, and quality of the features found and investigated during the project. Following a brief discussion of research themes, the preliminary findings of the testing and data recovery are summarized. The final section details the laboratory procedures to be used as the project progresses. Once the analysis is completed, a final report will be compiled detailing the results of the analysis. This is the final draft of the report.

This report presents the results of archaeological monitoring services at 13 out of 20 hazardous substances (HS) sites and their associated subsites that were subject to environmental investigations on Wake Island Airfield, Wake Atoll. This work was conducted as part of an on-going environmental restoration program conducted by the United States Air Force on Wake Atoll. The current archaeological investigations were designed to provide archaeological monitoring for the proposed environmental investigations.

This report presents the results of a Class III cultural resources survey of the right-of-way corridor and associated work areas for a new double circuit 500kV/230kV transmission line to be built between the existing Salt River Project (SRP) Browning Substation in Mesa, Maricopa County, Arizona and the proposed SRP Dinosaur Substation located on unincorporated, state-owned land east of Queen Creek in Pinal County, Arizona. The survey was requested by SRP to determine if significant cultural resources were present that might be adversely affected by construction of the transmission line. The effort was conducted to comply with the Arizona Antiquities Act of 1960 (as amended) and State Historic Preservation Act of 1982, as stipulated in conditions of a Certificate for Environmental Compatibitility (Case No. 126) issued by the Arizona Corporation Commission, and as required for leasing right-of-way from the state. All but a small portion of the project area is located on Arizona State Trust Land (ASLD Right-of-Way Application No. 16-110140, ASLD Right-of-Way Lease No. 16-42304).

A brief cultural background of the Tucson Basin and a set of research questions that guided work at BB:13:157 and BB:13:505 have been presented in Chapter 1. The work at prehistoric sites is presented in Chapter 2, while Chapter 3 chronicles the history of the Leon family and their property. Excavations at the Leon farmstead and the adjacent historic period canal are described in Chapter 4. The historic-period artifacts recovered from the Leon farmstead are examined in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 presents the petrographic study used to determine the places where Native American pottery found at the site was made. A study of historic Native American ceramics follows in Chapter 7, and a discussion of the Leon family's diet is included in Chapter 8. Finally, new findings made through the work conducted during this project are summarized in Chapter 9.

Archaeological investigations were conducted at AZ EE: 1:141 (ASM) (Site 141), one of several Hohokam sites in and near the Rancho Sahuarita Block Plat, in January 2003. The site was a Rincon phase habitation site with pit houses, mortuary, extramural storage, and other remains. A total of 16 features were identified. Located just east of the Santa Cruz River floodplain, the site was probably a farmstead, which was part of a larger, dispersed settlement. The testing and data recovery operations were conducted in accordance with the Rancho Sahuarita Specific Plan, the Archaeological Research Guidelines - Rancho Sahuarita Block Plat (ARG) (WestLand Resources and SWCA 1998). Repatriation of human remains and funerary items was carried out in accordance with an existing burial agreement between Sharpe and Associates and the Tohono O’odham Nation (A.R.S. 41-865, Case No. 96-30).

Between October 20 and 23, 2004, archaeologists from EnviroSystems Management, Inc. (EnviroSystems) conducted a Class III cultural resources inventory of 1,568 acres of private land between Coolidge and Florence, Pinal County, Arizona. The 1,568 acres are part of a 3,260-acre parcel proposed for residential development (the remaining 1,692 acres were not examined during this project because 442 acres of the parcel were under cotton cultivation at the time of the inventory and the other 1,250 acres were surveyed for cultural resources between January and June of 2004). Because the development will require a Clean Water Act Section 404 permit from the Army Corps of Engineers (Corps), the archaeological inventory was performed in support of the Section 404 permitting process. The cultural resources inventory resulted in the documentation of 6 previously unidentified archaeological sites and 22 isolated occurrences of cultural materials. In addition, 20 previously recorded sites have been identified in the 3,260-acre project area. Addendum to original report also included. In December 2004, cotton was harvested from the 442 acres and the ground visibility became sufficient for cultural resources examination. Consequently, EnviroSystems inventoried the additional 442 acres on January 19, 2005. Two isolated occurrences (IOs) were identified during the additional inventory.

This report discusses the results of archaeological testing at AZ T:16:19 (ASM) by SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA). Previous archaeological survey in the area of a proposed residential development identified prehistoric Hohokam artifacts, more recent O’odham sherds, and a few Euroamerican artifacts that were collectively grouped into site AZ T:16:19 (ASM). Miller Holdings, Inc. (Miller Holdings) of Scottsdale, Arizona requested that SWCA conduct archaeological testing to determine if the site was significant and if it would be impacted by their proposed residential development. AZ T:16:19 (ASM) is adjacent to the Ak-Chin Reservation on private land at the southwest edge of the town of Maricopa, Arizona. SWCA excavated 2512 linear meters of backhoe trench at the site. This trenching resulted in the identification of three cultural features (two aboriginal refuse deposits and one Euroamerican adobe house). Prehistoric artifacts at the site date to the Pioneer through Classic periods (A.D. 500-1400) although use appears to have been greatest during the Sedentary period (A.D. 950-1150). The majority of O’odham sherds at the site can be dated to the protohistoric period (pre- A.D. 1625). Later O’odham occupations dating to the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries are also evident. The Euroamerican component consists primarily of one adobe house and a cluster of 1910s through 1930s artifacts near the house.

When the City of Tucson announced its plan to replace the aging Connie Chambers housing facility in Barrio Libre with new, affordable single family homes, a cultural resources assessment was conducted to determine if the project had the potential to disturb historically significant archaeological deposits. Archival records revealed that homes dating as early as the late nineteenth century once stood on three of the city blocks occupied by the housing project. Most of the homes were owned or rented by Mexican-American working class families. Additionally, a Chinese-owned grocery store stood on the corner of one block. When the 1960s-era Connie Chambers buildings were demolished, archaeologists from Desert Archaeology, Inc., conducted testing to determine if any intact historical deposits remained. Although few remnants of above ground structures were found, numerous privy holes and trash pits were uncovered on historic blocks 139 and 159. The features were plotted on historical maps of the blocks, and most were at least partly excavated to determine their age and contents. Further excavations revealed a rich, physical record of the many previous residents, some of whom could be identified by name through census records, city directories, and Sanborn Fire Insurance maps. The site yielded thousands of historical artifacts-including animal bone, metal, glass, historical ceramics, personal items, and floral remains. The materials paint a picture of socioeconomic status, ethnic identity, diet, and land use in turn-of-the-century Barrio Libre.

This cultural resources monitoring plan was developed at the request of El Paso Corporation (El Paso) as part of El Paso’s pipeline integrity project, specifically relating to an anomaly repair on Line No. 1103 within the boundaries of the Salida del Sol Hohokam site (AZ AA:16:44[ASM]) in Pima County, Arizona. El Paso proposes to install a split sleeve over the anomaly, which is located on land owned by El Paso Corporation, but the proposed construction will require the excavation to extend eastward onto the San Xavier District of the Tohono O’odham Nation. Theoretically, the excavation will be confined to the disturbed sediments in the existing pipeline trench; however, in the event that cultural features are exposed during excavation, a data recovery plan-of-work is included in this document to guide archaeological mitigation investigations. Fieldwork is expected to take two days using an SWCA archaeological monitor and a tribal monitor from the San Xavier District. All work will be confined to El Paso’s existing right-of-way.

Northland Research, Inc. (Northland) has completed archaeological data recovery within the prehistoric site of La Villa [AZ T:12:148(ASM)], in downtown Phoenix, for SCS Engineers. Archaeological investigations occurred between May 21 and July 23, 2003. A total of 351 historic and prehistoric cultural features were exposed as a result of investigations. A total of 110 of these features were either completely excavated, or sample excavated, during Northland’s investigations; a total of 31% of the features exposed were thus systematically treated. On the basis of these investigations, human use of the area where the prehistoric site of La Villa is located spanned the prehistoric period from ca. A.D. 500 to A.D. 950. Modern use of the site further spanned the period from the early 1900’s to the latter decades of the 20th century.

The results of archaeological monitoring at AZ AA:16:39 (ASM) and the results of phase 2 data recovery at AZ AA:16:410 (ASM) and subsequent monitoring are detailed in this report. Following recommendations from phase 1 data recovery (Wocherl 2000b), the work was conducted pursuant to the Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) initiated by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), as lead federal agency for this project. Under authority of Arizona State Museum (ASM) Permit Number 2000-107ps(A1), Desert Archaeology, Inc., completed phase 2 data recovery between 27 November 2000 and 8 December 2000, and post-excavation monitoring on 20 and 21 December 2000. A total of 720 m2 was mechanically stripped to reveal the extent of known archaeological features and to locate additional features. Two 24-m-long strip trenches were excavated in the western site area to further explore the correlation between surface artifact density and subsurface finds. Six known cultural features and 10 newly discovered features were investigated further. They included: a pit structure, an extramural surface or possible pit structure, 8 extramural pits, 3 roasting pits, a trash concentration, and 2 inhumations. During post-mitigation construction, approximately 100 m of trench excavation within site boundaries were monitored, including a section of the phase 2 mechanically stripped area. No cultural features were encountered during monitoring. Excavations and subsequent construction monitoring at AA:16:410 provided a unique opportunity to examine a small Hohokam settlement in a relatively isolated area with few impacts from later prehistoric or historic land use. This situation allows exploration of various research questions important in Avra Valley prehistory, such as chronology, subsistence base, permanence of occupation, and internal and regional organization of sites.

Northland Research, Inc. (Northland) has completed archaeological testing at nine of the ten sites along a proposed natural-gas pipeline at the request of the Salt River Project Agricultural Improvement and Power District (SRP). The purpose of the testing was to determine the extent and eligibility status of the ten sites for the Arizona and National Registers of Historic Places (AZ/NRHP). Four of the sites, AZ U:10:2(ASM), AZ U:10:116(ASM), AZ U:10:175(ASM), and AZ U:14:74(ASM), have been previously determined NRHP eligible based on their potential to inform on the prehistory of the region, but additional testing was required to determine the presence and extent of subsurface features within the proposed pipeline corridor (Lindly and Mitchell 2002:41). The eligibility status of the six remaining sites could not be determined based on surface evidence alone. Additional testing was therefore recommended at AZ U:10:176(ASM), AZ U:15:248(ASM), AZ U:15:249(ASM), AZ U:14:54(ASM), AZ U:14:361(ASM), and AZ AA:2:131(ASM)2 to determine if intact subsurface remains were present (Lindly and Mitchell 2002:42).

Ojo Bonito Archaeological Project Data Error Corrections for Ceramic Tabulations

Archaeological testing was conducted on a portion of Crismon Pueblo (AZ U:9:173 [ASM]), the Denmark School site, and a segment of additional property between Gilbert Road and Thomas Road in the right-of-way of the Red Mountain Freeway (State Route 202) in Mesa, Maricopa County, Arizona. The project area was originally covered with in-use citrus orchards. Therefore, prior to the initiation of fieldwork, tree removal was conducted within and adjacent to the right-of-way, which required monitoring. Testing consisted of the excavation, inspection, and documentation of 362 backhoe trenches to obtain information on the subsurface distribution of cultural deposits in the right of way and to develop eligibility recommendations for Crismon Pueblo (AZ U:9:173 [ASM]) and the Denmark School site for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. Artifacts were collected from the modern ground surface and from the trench excavations as part of the fieldwork.

Northland Research, Inc. (Northland) has completed an archaeological survey of 98.0 acres (39.7 hectares) in Maricopa County, Arizona for Salt River Project and Arizona Public Service. The work accomplished included an archaeological survey, review of pertinent archaeological literature, and an examination of historical records. Northland’s survey was conducted between May 25 to June 4, 2001 and July 22, 2001 under authority of its Arizona State Museum permit #2001 -33bl. Mark Hackbarth served as the project director. John Marshall and Dave Hart assisted with the survey. The survey was conducted as part of the application process for the Southwest Valley 500 kV Transmission Line project, right-of-way Application No. 14-106629. The proposed transmission line is a combined effort of Arizona Public Service and Salt River Project. The archaeological survey was conducted in compliance with Arizona regulations governing cultural resources on Arizona State Land Department properties and 36CFR800. Northland examined a 200-ft (60 m) wide corridor across five noncontiguous parcels of Arizona State Land Department property, plus a 30-acre block (Table 1). Three sites and 31 isolated finds were discovered.

The results of a subsurface inventory survey conducted at Bellows Air Force Station (BAFS) are reported. The survey area followed a 1.8 km fuel pipeline and transected BAFS from Keolu Hills to Waimanalo Bay. Twenty-three backhoe trenches and three controlled test units were excavated. A partially intact cultural stratum with numerous pits was found over much of the project area. Six radiocarbon determinations were obtained on identified charcoal recovered from the pit features. Radiocarbon dates from several of the island pits indicate deposition of cultural material during the past 400 years. Pit features associated with a truncated cultural stratum near Site Ol8 dated to ca- 550-700 BP. Below this, an unstained cultural deposit may be evidence of prior use of the area. Few artifacts and very little faunal material were recovered in the project area.

This document is the preliminary report on archaeological data recovery at a portion of the Hohokam village of Los Guanacos (AZ U:9:116 [ASM]). Salt River Project (SRP) is proposing to construct a new generating station adjacent to the existing Kyrene Generating Station in Tempe, Arizona. Prior to construction of the generating station, SRP implemented an archaeological data- recovery project within the proposed project area (Figure 1) and contracted with SWCA, Inc., Environmental Consultants (SWCA) to conduct the investigations. The Environmental Protection Agency is the lead federal agency responsible for assessing the impacts to historic properties under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act since Salt River Project will apply for a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit. The data recovery program being conducted at the site is done in accordance with the Memorandum of Agreement for this project. Construction of the generating station is scheduled to begin in the northern portion of the Pole Yard before expanding into the remainder of the project area. Therefore, this document reports on data recovery in the Pole Yard, north of the railroad tracks, prior to completion of excavations in the rest of the project area and prior to completion of analysis of data. SWCA began archaeological investigation on December 8, 2000, and, completed excavations in the northern portion of the Pole Yard on January 26, 2001.

Archaeological data recovery fieldwork at Rancho Sahuarita sites AZ EE: 1:224, 225, and 226 (ASM) was completed on May 3, 2000. The fieldwork and subsequent analysis followed the Archaeological Research Guidelines (ARG) approved by the Town of Sahuarita (WestLand Resources and SWCA 1998). The guidelines provide a culture history and research design, and field and analytic methods. Sites 224, 225, and 226 are three of a cluster of late pre-Classic Hohokam sites located along the west side of the Santa Cruz River in Sahuarita, Arizona. Three phases of archaeological investigation have been conducted at sites 225 and 226. Limited testing was conducted in 1997 (Tucker 1997), the sites were intensively tested in 1999 (Archer 2000), and the data recovery reported herein was recently completed. Limited testing was also conducted at Site 224 in 1997, but intensive testing was not conducted at Site 224 until the time of this data recovery program. In addition to the two burials discovered and treated during the 1999 testing phase, one burial was discovered at Site 225 and treated during the data recovery fieldwork. The contents of the burial were repatriated to the Tohono O’odham Nation on April 24, 2000, in accordance with Arizona Revised Statute §41-865, Case 96-30. The presence of additional burials at sites 224, 225, and 226 is possible. SWCA recommends archaeological monitoring of all construction excavation at all three sites. The completed archaeological investigations at sites 224, 225 and 226 meet the level of effort established by the ARG. In SWCA’s opinion, no additional archaeological data recovery at the sites is necessary prior to construction to comply with the Rancho Sahuarita Specific Plan, Section IV, Subsection H, entitled "Archaeological Regulations".

Antelope Hill (AZ X:8:7 [ASM]) is a well-known archaeological site in the lower Gila River valley. The hill has been used as a quarry for milling implements and many of its boulders are covered in petroglyphs. In response to a 500-year flood event, the Wellton-Mohawk Irrigation and Drainage District (WMIDD) proposed to use its quarry at Antelope Hill to supply rock to repair damaged water-control devices along the Gila River. This undertaking required a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE). To secure the permit, the WMIDD was required to execute a treatment plan that included archaeological, ethnographic, and historical research components, as well as public education and resource management. The results of the research are presented in distinct parts. Part 1 consists of background information on the environment, culture history, and the history of archaeological research. The research design that guided the project also is presented. Historical research is the focus of Part 2. The results of an archival search and oral interviews are presented in a narrative history of Antelope Hill. Native American history is the subject of Part 3. Documentary research is compiled into a history of events surrounding the movement and relationships between Native American tribes, as well as their subsequent interactions with Euroamericans. Part 4 presents the results of archaeological studies performed as part of the Antelope Hill project. The rock art at Antelope Hill is compared to other rock art sites along the Gila River and in neighboring areas. The last part of the document (Part 5) involves research and management recommendations. Lines of research follow those developed at Antelope Hill and used at milling-implement quarries worldwide.

This report describes the results of an archaeological testing project at the Massera Ruin (Site AZ U:10:22 [ASM]) in Queen Creek, Arizona. The testing project was conducted at the request of Willis Property Company, L.C., of Mesa, Arizona, who proposes to construct a residential development on the 640-acre project parcel known as the Meridian Ranch. Previous survey data (Wenker 1999) indicated that the Massera Ruin overlapped a 399-acre portion of the Meridian Ranch, but this entire area had been plowed and used for agricultural fields since the 1940s and the subsurface integrity of the site remained undetermined. Archaeological testing was conducted at the site to determine the nature and extent of intact archaeological features underneath the plowed fields. These test investigations demonstrated that intact buried archaeological features and deposits do exist across a large portion of the site, and SWCA recommends that the Massera Ruin (AZ U: 10:22 [ASM]) is eligible for nomination to the National Register under Criterion (d) for its information potential. SWCA’s testing project also demonstrated that intact human burials (which are protected by state law) are present at the site. However, the overall area of the Meridian Ranch project area that contains intact buried archaeological features has been reduced from 399 acres to roughly 225 acres. This report concludes by providing recommendations concerning the treatment of the archaeological site.

The Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) plans to extend the Red Mountain Freeway through Mesa, Arizona from State Route (SR) 87 to US Route (US) 60. This project will result in the construction of a new limited access six-lane freeway. Construction on the right-of-way is currently confined to the area between SR 87 and Gilbert Road. The proposed route runs through an area of dense historic and prehistoric cultural resources south of McDowell Road, and passes through the northern edge of the Lehi Historic District between Mesa Drive and Stapley Road. Report was revised September 11, 2000, original report dated August 16, 2000.

This report details the results of excavations at the Sunset Mesa Ruin, AZ AA:12:10 (ASM). The predominant occupation of Sunset Mesa Ruin was during the Middle Rincon phase (A.D. 1000-1100). However, limited use of the area was identified during the Early Agricultural period (800 B.C.-A.D. 100) and the later Tucson phase (A.D. 1300-1450). Evidence of Historic period use, first as a turn-of-the-century homestead and later as a dairy, has also been documented (Ciolek-Torrello, Huber, and Neily 1999; Swartz and Adams 1998; Wallace 1996). The site is located in present-day Tucson, Arizona. It sits on a finger of the second alluvial terrace, surrounded by the floodplains of the Santa Cruz and Rillito rivers. The confluence of these rivers is located approximately 500 m to the west. The excavations which are the focus of the current study concentrated on the Middle Rincon phase occupation and in particular two loci, Loci A and B, of the four loci of habitation that have been identified at the site (Figure 1.2) (Ciolek Torrello, Huber, and Neily 1999; Swartz and Adams 1998). Only limited excavations of mortuary features were undertaken at Loci C and S. Locus S was investigated by Statistical Research, Inc. (SRI) and provides a complementary data set to that described here (Ciolek-Torrello, Huber, and Neily 1999). Excavations at Sunset Mesa Ruin provided a unique opportunity to examine the remains of a Middle Rincon phase hamlet, the remains of which had undergone few impacts from subsequent prehistoric or historic use of the area. Excavations revealed that each of the loci consisted of dense concentrations of pithouses, extramural pits, and cremation burials. Analysis suggests that each of the loci represent the remains left behind by a single household during the 100 years of occupation. This perspective of the prehistoric remains opened up various avenues for examining individual household units through time and allows for a comparison of the different household units that occupied Sunset Mesa Ruin. The following chapters build on this perspective.

The Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) plans to extend the Red Mountain Freeway through Mesa, Arizona, from State Route (SR) 87 to US Highway (US) 60. This project will result in the construction of a new limited access six-lane freeway. Construction in the right-of-way is currently confined to the area between SR 87 and Gilbert Road. The proposed route runs through an area of dense historic and prehistoric cultural resources south of McDowell Road, and passes through the northern edge of the Lehi Historic District between Mesa Drive and Stapley Road.Archaeological Consulting Services, Ltd. (ACS) initiated eligibility testing of known cultural resources along this segment of the right-of-way on December 1, 1999. The testing effort has followed a strategy of combined systematic and judgmental trenching as outlined in the project treatment plan.

Report on Phase II investigations of a historic trash pit. The buried trash consisted of aqua colored alcohol bottles (40%), ceramic dishes (may be soap dishes) (15%), cans (5%), cut bovine bones (30%), burned wood (5%), and small objects (including a burned shoe) (5%).

Phase 1 Data Recovery was conducted at the Sunset Mesa Ruin, AZ AA:12:10 (ASM), to evaluate the archaeological resources that will be impacted by the gravel mining operations of Tucson Ready Mix, Inc. The information gathered from the excavated backhoe trenches, added to previous archaeological investigations at the site, has identified several loci where prehistoric and historic or modern features cluster. Two areas were also identified that may be cremation cemeteries. The historic features are from two occupations: one the turn-of-the-century homestead of Basillio Cuevas; the second the Sunset Dairy in operation from the 1920s to the 1960s. A total of 69 features was identified in 59 strategically-placed backhoe trenches, creating 2,018 m of trench cuts. Stratigraphic and ceramic data suggest that the prehistoric portion of the site is a single component occupied primarily during the Middle Rincon subphase (A.D. 1000-1100). There is some ceramic evidence to suggest that portions of the site were used later, into the Tanque Verde phase (A.D. 1150-1450). The five human secondary cremation burials located so far are in two areas, north and south in what remains of the site. A Phase 2 Data Recovery Plan discusses the research questions and presents a plan of work for the next level of effort needed to retrieve the information from Sunset Mesa Ruin before it is removed by the gravel mining. Emphasis is placed on the locus with the largest concentration of features and on the discovery of any remaining human burials. The work plan outlines what analyses will be conducted on the recovered artifacts in order to address the specified research questions.

At the request of the Bureau of Reclamation, Phoenix Area Office, Archaeological Consulting Services, Ltd. (ACS) conducted a Class III (Intensive), non-collection cultural resources survey of approximately 170 miles of the Arizona, Arizona Crosscut, Grand, Tempe, Tempe Crosscut, Consolidated, Eastern, South, Western, Highline, and Kyrene Branch Canals in Maricopa County, Arizona. The canals, which are owned by the Reclamation, are maintained and operated by the Salt River Project (SRP). The survey was performed to provide an inventory and assessment of cultural resources located within or immediately adjacent to the canals' right-of-way that may be impacted by future development. The survey located 21 prehistoric sites, 2 historic properties , I possible prehistoric canal segment, 2 historic canal segments, and 59 isolated occurrences. Of the sites, 19 had been previously recorded.

Archaeological Consulting Services, Ltd. (ACS) conducted a Class III (Intensive), non-collection cultural resources survey on approximately 170 miles of the Arizona, Arizona Crosscut, Grand, Tempe, Tempe Crosscut, Consolidated, Eastern, South, Western, Highline, and Kyrene Branch Canals in Maricopa County, Arizona. The survey was undertaken at the request of Jon S. Czaplicki, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) archaeologist and Contracting Officer's Technical Representative for Contract No.1425-2-CS-01820. The canals, which are owned by the federal government, are under the jurisdiction of Reclamation and are maintained and operated by the Salt River Project (SRP). The survey was performed to provide an inventory and assessment of cultural resources located within or immediately adjacent to the canals' right-of-way which may be impacted by future development. The work was conducted under authorization from the SRP and Reclamation. A portion of the Arizona Canal right-of-way from Granite Reef Dam to Pima Road is situated within the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community (SRPMIC) and was surveyed under SRPMIC Archaeological Permit dated October 29, 1996. A portion on the northern side of the South Canal right-of-way from Granite Reef Dam to the branch with the Eastern Canal was surveyed under SRPMIC Archaeological Permit dated November 12, 1996. Letter authorization from Barry W. Welch, acting Area Director of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) dated November 15,1996, granted permission to conduct non-collection survey on tribal lands under the Federal Archaeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA). The southernmost 4 miles of the Eastern Canal are under the jurisdiction of the Roosevelt Water Control District (RWCD) and were surveyed under a verbal authorization from Mr. Joe Nykas, RWCD field superintendent. The survey located 21 prehistoric sites, 2 historic properties, 1 possible prehistoric canal segment, 2 historic canal segments,and 59 isolated occurrences. Of the sites, 19 were previously recorded.

A series of archaeological investigations were conducted from 1993 to 1995 at four prehistoric sites in the middle Santa Cruz Valley. This fieldwork was part of the Arizona Department of Transportation's archaeological mitigation program of the Interstate 10 Corridor Improvement Project through Tucson, Arizona. The sites included the remains of three early farming settlements--the Santa Cruz Bend (AZ AA:12:746 [ASM]), Square Hearth (AZ AA:12:745 [ASM]), and Stone Pipe (AZ BB:13:425 [ASM]) sites—occupied during various intervals between about 800 B.C. and A.D. 550, and also having later occupations. At the fourth site, the Canal site (AZ BB:13:468 [ASM]), segments of several prehistoric canals constructed between about A.D. 1000 and 1450 and of a canal built in the late nineteenth century were identified. These sites provide new information about several watershed changes during the prehistory of southwestern North America, including the transitions to agricultural dependence and sedentism; the shifts from houses-in-pits to more substantial pithouses and from round to rectilinear architecture; the first appearances of house groups, storehouses, communal structures, and possibly plazas, formal burial areas, and ditches for water control; the specializations and increased efficiencies of flaked and ground stone tools; the inception of ceramic vessel technology and the first stage of pottery-making as an economic process; the development of shell ornament production and other crafts; the establishment of local and long-distance trade networks; and possibly an indigenous sequence of development of water control technology. This volume includes summaries of the results of various analyses, syntheses of the new data, comparisons with previous data, and discussions of significance. Document includes errata sheet.

Archaeological excavations at El Dumpe and the Embankment site were conducted by Desert Archaeology, Inc. in the summer of 1994. The Arizona Department of Transportation had made plans to install frontage roads on each side of Interstate 10, between Speedway Boulevard and Grant Road. Archaeological testing had previously suggested these sites might be National Register eligible. Work at El Dumpe involved collecting samples from this 1930s to 1940s dump. The University of Arizona Garbage Project coordinated data recovery and artifact analysis. The study focused on how the Depression and World War II affected Tucson residents. The findings suggest that some rationing took place during the war. Tucson residents also purchased more products bottled in glass during the war, a trend that continued afterward. An archival study provides a history of refuse disposal for the Tucson area. Excavations at the Embankment site uncovered a large stone foundation and associated features, including a large trash deposit. The building appears to have been torn down around 1944 or 1945. The artifacts recovered suggest the structure was a restaurant or tavern. Unfortunately, no surviving documents were found for the building.

This two-part report is the seventh and final site description volume for the Roosevelt Platform Mound Study, an eight-year archaeological research project in the Tonto Basin of central Arizona that began in April 1989. It was funded by the Bureau of Reclamation, Department of the Interior, and was conducted by the Office of Cultural Resource Management in the Department of Anthropology at Arizona State University. The work was performed under a permit from the Tonto National Forest. The Cline Mesa sites reported in this volume were in the Cline Terrace Complex. The Cline Mesa sites total 35 in number and include all sites in the Cline Terrace Complex with the exception of Cline Terrace Mound, the large platform mound in the center of the complex.

This report describes the archaeological investigations and results for studies of sites on Schoolhouse Point Mesa, a large geographic unit naturally bounded by the Salt River on its northern end and by major washes on its eastern and western sides (see Figure 1.1). Although people living on the mesa may have interacted with people living on the other side of major washes or rivers, the ease of interaction among people living on the mesa would have made them relatively more interdependent. The concentration of sites on the northern end of the mesa, each within easy walking distance of the others, is evidence of the likely interaction among the inhabitants of those sites. This volume focuses on Schoolhouse Point Mesa, these sites were part of an extensive settlement on the southern bank of the Salt River. A portion of this area that includes large sites (such as platform mounds) and smaller sites (such as compounds and field houses) was a part of the Roosevelt Platform Mound Study (RPMS) called the Pinto Creek Complex (see Figure 1.2).

This report describes the archaeological investigations related to the A-Mountain Storm Drain project within the Clearwater site (AZ BB:13:6), the prehistoric settlement at the base of A-Mountain. Archaeological resources within the project area represent the Early Agricultural period. During the past five years, portions of about 10 Early Agricultural period archaeological sites have been excavated in floodplain settings within the Tucson Basin. The importance of this recent work is evident when one considers that between 1960 and 1990, only two excavations of Early Agricultural sites were done in this area, and the scale (in terms of area excavated and funds committed to analysis) of both projects was moderate. In order to place the excavation of the Clearwater site in its proper archaeological context, it is important to review the information obtained in these recent studies. This chapter examines some of the issues that surround the study of the Early Agricultural period occupants of the Tucson Basin. The first section discusses general differences between hunter-gatherers and farmers. The second section briefly reviews the Archaic period, which immediately precedes the Early Agricultural period. The third section discusses other Early Agricultural period archaeological sites excavated in the Tucson Basin. This discussion serves to introduce the reader to the extant data base with which information from the Clearwater site may be compared. The fourth section describes current models of Early Agricultural period subsistence and settlement. The final section presents the organization of the entire report and the analyses that follow.

This report describes the archaeological investigation, history, and characteristics of the Schoolhouse Point Mound site, part of the Pinto Creek Complex and the Schoolhouse Management Group. The Schoolhouse Point Mound (U:8:24/13a) is a large site with complex stratigraphy. The investigation of it reported here was intensive. The Schoolhouse Point Mound is immediately above the floodplain of the Salt River, on a mesa situated where the river makes a sweeping bend. It is also at the point where Pinto Creek meets the Salt River. This location gave the village inhabitants easy access to fields on terraces immediately below, yet the location was high enough to be protected from flooding. Just as the elevated position of the site allowed residents to scan their fields on the river terraces below, the rooms built on platforms allowed their occupants to keep watch over the stored surplus food. The mound (eventually recorded as U:8:24/13a) was a conspicuous feature on the landscape, and written records and a map of the Schoolhouse Point Mound are part of the first documentation of prehistoric sites in the Tonto Basin during the late 1800s. The Schoolhouse Point Mound site was a village that was occupied for more than 100 years, during which it grew in size. In the Tonto Basin, where most settlements were small villages that were occupied more briefly, the long-term occupation of Schoolhouse Point Mound reflects unusual stability. This village also differed in having many rooms built on earthen platforms, making it a kind of platform mound. Another distinctive characteristic of the site is that its earthen platforms began to be constructed after most Tonto Basin platform mounds and other neighboring villages were abandoned. Because it is likely people from surrounding settlements came to live at Schoolhouse Point, population aggregation is responsible for the larger size and perhaps the unusual configuration of the site. Thus, population aggregation and settlement stability are the conditions under which this platform mound developed. We do not know exactly why a village was first established at the site that became Schoolhouse Point Mound, but we do know that it was settled initially by a few families. By the time it was abandoned, it had become a large village with rooms that may have. been residences built on platforms as well as at ground level. Other rooms, filled with large storage vessels and granaries, probably served as storehouses. Storage facilities for surplus food existed at many settlements in the Tonto Basin, but the magnitude of storage and the manner in which stored surplus was protected at the Schoolhouse Point Mound was unusual.

This is the second volume of the report produced on archaeological investigations (data recovery excavations) conducted for the City of Phoenix Aviation Administration relating to future expansion of Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport. The Federal Aviation Administration served as the lead agency, with the City of Phoenix Aviation Department as administrator of the project. Results of excavations at Areas 6, 15, and 16 of Pueblo Salado (AZ T:12:47[ASM]) and additional investigations of the north branch of Canal Salado, its distribution and lateral canals, and other canal features are presented in this volume. Investigations at this National Register-eligible site have now included either intensive excavations or sample excavations at 6 of the 16 defined loci that are spread in an east- west pattern over an area measuring approximately 1.5 miles east-west by 0.5 mile north-south. Testing has been completed at four other loci relating to Arizona Department of Transportation corridors for Interstate 10 and the Squaw Peak Parkway and the MeraBank development within the Phoenix Sky Harbor Center. The site of Pueblo Salado is principally affiliated with the Classic and post-Classic Hohokam occupation of the Phoenix Basin. The site was initially inhabited during either the late Sedentary period or the early Soho phase as a field house locus. Seasonal occupation gave way to permanent settlement during the later part of the Soho phase, and compounds were eventually established during the Civano phase. Excavations in Area 15 revealed that seasonal/ temporary habitation areas were used throughout the Classic period occupation of Pueblo Salado, extending into the post-Classic Polvoron phase. The compounds at Area 8/9 (investigated during an earlier project) and Area 6 exhibited extensive use during the Polvoron phase, with the Area 8/9 occupation lasting well into the sixteenth century. Polvoron occupation in Area 6 appears to have been a shorter-lived phenomenon, extending perhaps into the second half of the fifteenth century. Area 6, however, also exhibited reuse by Protohistoric/Historic groups, and reuse of Canal Salado is also suggested by the stratigraphy of the canal and radiocarbon and archaeomagnetic dating results. An homo investigated by BRW (1989) in Area 7 produced a late date range, indicating either a late Polvoron occupation or use of the area by Protohistoric groups. This volume contains descriptions of the investigations in Areas 6 and 15/16, with detailed feature descriptions, artifact analyses, and botanical, faunal, and shell studies; geomorphic investigations of Canal Salado and adjacent areas of the floodplain; chronometric studies; mortuary and human remains studies; and analyses of architectural implications and demographics. The Polvoron phenomenon, the presence of a Protohistoric/Historic occupation, and the Hohokam-to-Pima transition are examined and discussed. This volume represents a summary of the project and a re-evaluation of the interpretations from previous research conducted at Pueblo Salado. Throughout the history of investigations of Pueblo Salado, it has been apparent that the floodplain of the Salt River contains a wealth of information that has only begun to be tapped. Recommendations concerning future Hohokam studies are provided at the end of this volume, suggesting investigation of settings similar to that of Pueblo Salado and questions that may be addressed.

The excavations conducted on the fire station parcel for the Flowing Wells Fire District were situated on the eastern margin of the Hodges site, AZ AA:12:18 (ASM). During the testing phase, 24 features were identified in backhoe trenches, and the eastern boundary of the Hodges site, AZ AA:12:18 (ASM), was defined. The limited excavation phase focused solely on features that would be impacted by construction. Two pit-houses and two trash concentrations were excavated or sampled. Although the artifacts collected during the testing phase indicated a Middle Rincon phase occupation (AD. 100-1100), three of the excavated features dated to the Tortolita phase (AD. 550-650). These features represent the earliest known occupation at the site.

At the request of the Maricopa County Department of Transportation (MCDOT), archaeological investigations were undertaken prior to a road widening project that involved segments of Alma School, McDowell, and McKellips Roads on the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community (SRPMIC) in Maricopa County, Arizona. Archaeological survey was initiated in 1989. Extensive ground disturbance was present due to agricultural and other activities conducted over the past 100 years. A large Classic period Hohokam village, known as Pueblo Blanco, was located near the project area. Subsurface testing consisting of extensive backhoe trenching and surface collections was undertaken in 1991. Based on the testing program, a data recovery phase was undertaken at five sites between July 26 and October 15, 1993. The fieldwork was concentrated at South Pueblo Blanco (AZ U:9:95(ASM)), but excavations were also conducted at AZ U:9:92, U:9:97, U:9:98, and U:9:128(ASM). In total, 204 features were excavated. Little evidence of Historic period activities was observed. The project provided new information about the prehistoric Hohokam occupation of the area. Research revealed that villages associated with extensive irrigation agriculture, referred to as the Sawik Community, were established along the north side of the Salt River by the Gila Butte phase (ca. A.D. 850). A second occupation dated to the Late Classic period, generally known as the Polvoron phase (ca. A.D. 1375-1500). Houses, pits, burials, and canals were excavated. What remains of the platform mound at Pueblo Blanco was recorded through survey. Subsistence studies included pollen, macrobotanical, and faunal analyses. Environmental studies consisted of geomorphology and analysis of ostracode specimens recovered from canal sediments. Artifact investigations included ceramic and ceramic sourcing studies; ground, chipped stone, and lithic sourcing studies; and marine and freshwater shell studies. Architectural, land use, and community pattern studies are also reported. To ensure that all human remains in the project area were recovered, MCDOT requested ACS to monitor the construction excavations, primarily located below the paved roads where archaeological investigations had not taken place. The monitoring covered the excavation of trenches for the mainline storm drain, irrigation pipes, and 20 percent of the storm drain connector pipes and catchment basins. No burials were uncovered by the construction; four canal profiles were found in AZ U:9:92(ASM), and a possible thermal feature was identified in AZ U:9:95(ASM).

This report is the second site description volume for the Roosevelt Platform Mound Study. This volume describes the four sites investigated in the Rock Island Complex by the Roosevelt Platform Mound Study. It also presents some of the analyses and integrated conclusions that address the project's research objectives established by the Bureau of Reclamation and Tonto National Forest archaeologists and outlined in our research design. This volume primarily describes a single large site, U:8:23/177, with the three remaining sites reported much more briefly. Although knowledge of prehistoric life in what we now call the Rock Island region of the Tonto Basin is limited, our investigations at Bass Point suggest the appearance of the platform mound there was sudden and without precedent. Its initial construction and subsequent remodeling were carefully planned, which is indicated by the selection of its location as well as by aspects of its construction. We do not know exactly why the platform at Bass Point was constructed, but we do know it was a place where people lived. Rooms that could have been used as residences were built on top as well as at its base. But the construction of the platform required the assistance of others living elsewhere. It is the ability to engage outsiders to build a platform, and the authority to reside on it, that differentiated the occupants of platforms from others in their community, perhaps signaling their differing role in society. We believe this differentiation was the result of a formalization of leadership. Evidence for the expansion of the platform and its storage facilities suggest that, over time, the accumulation of surplus goods became important. Surpluses could have been exchanged or redistributed locally in order to maintain the leadership position held by those living at the mound. The Rock Island Complex is located at the center of the basin, overlooking the confluence of Tonto Creek and the Salt River. Many of the prehistoric sites in this area now lie beneath the reservoir. We conducted research at four sites in this complex, three of which in 1992 lay completely above the reservoir and one of which was inundated whenever the reservoir was at maximum capacity.

The City of Tucson is considering plans to develop the Rio Nuevo South property, which is located along the west bank of the Santa Cruz River near the downtown area. Currently the lot is vacant. However, this area has seen intensive usage during the Early Agricultural (ca. 1500 B.C. to A.D. 50), Hohokam (A.D. 750 to 1450), Protohistoric (A.D. 1450 to 1694), and Historic periods (A.D. 1694 to 1945). To date, the Early Ceramic period (A.D. 50 to 750) is not known from this area. As part of the planning process, Desert Archaeology, Inc., performed an archaeological survey and archival study of the parcel of land of the Rio Nuevo South parcel (Thiel 1994). On the basis of this preliminary work, Desert Archaeology recommended that an archaeological testing program be initiated to determine if significant cultural resources are present beneath the surface of the project area. Subsequently, SWCA, Inc. drilled a series of auger holes to determine the extent and depth of disturbed areas. While documenting that certain areas of the property had in fact been disturbed by historic and modern clay mining and landfill activities, other areas appear to have intact sediments, some of which had the potential for containing archaeological resources. SWCA recommended that further archaeological testing take place (Ahlstrom et al. 1994). The City of Tucson contracted with Desert Archaeology to conduct archaeological testing of the property. Testing began on 3 April 1995 and was concluded on 27 April 1995. A total of 75 person days was spent in exploring the property. The results of testing indicate that undisturbed portions of the property contain evidence of human activity during much of the last 2,500 years. This testing report provides the project area location and description, a discussion of historical use of the project area, a summary of archaeological work conducted on or in the vicinity of the drainage system, research questions that guided testing, the results of testing, and makes recommendations about future work on the property.

Excavations at the large Hohokam ballcourt settlement of Los Morteros, AZ AA: 12:57 (ASM), in 1987 and 1988 resulted in the identification of 770 prehistoric cultural features, including 349 structures, an adobewalled compound enclosure, and at least five discrete cemeteries in the northern and southern portions of the kilometer-long site. Ninety-eight of the structures were fully or partially excavated. Also identified were a historic canal and evidence pointing to the location of the historic Point of the Mountains stage station, the Francisco Ruelas homestead, and a small Yaqui settlement dating to the 1920s. Research focused on the delineation of prehistoric settlement structure over time. The occupation was found to date from the Rillito, Rincon, and Tanque Verde phases of the Tucson Basin sequence. A large number of the structures excavated had burned with substantial floor assemblages, providing a large set of whole or restorable artifacts from well-dated contexts for evaluation. In addition, many large trash deposits were identified and excavated. Analyses of ceramics from unmixed, stratigraphically overlapping deposits led to a refinement of the ceramic chronology, with the Middle Rincon subphase split into Middle Rincon 1, Middle Rincon 2, and Middle Rincon 3 (MR1, MR2, and MR3). Some unusual types of artifacts were recovered, including painted and etched shell, painted bone, a copper bell, three fulgurites, and portions of two macaw skeletons. During the Rincon phase, the settlement was composed of a series of discrete residential loci, each including two to four courtyard groups with one to four structures apiece. Each residential locus appeared to have its own cemetery, horno, and trash disposal area(s). The residential loci were abandoned during the Late Rincon subphase, and a completely different settlement structure was established immediately thereafter, partly overlapping the previous occupation. This Late Rincon and the Tanque Verde phase occupation may have been at least partly seasonal, based on architectural and paleobotanical evidence. A shift in the use of agave accompanied this change in settlement. The compound enclosure, built in the latter portion of the Late Rincon subphase, may have been razed and supplanted in the Tanque Verde phase by two or more adobe structures that lacked an enclosing wall. New data are presented on the Linda Vista trincheras and on a masonry wall that blocks access to the hillside village. Alternatives to current models of community cohesion are presented that consider the possibility of conflict and greater mobility in settlement placement over time.

Ojo Bonito Archaeological Project 1994 Keith Kintigh's Field Journal

This report contains the results of archaeological testing (Part I) and a plan for data recovery (Part II) at Area 6 of the dispersed Classic and post-Classic period site of Pueblo Salado. During the course of conducting archaeological testing in Area 6, the City of Phoenix Aviation Department in consultation with the City of Phoenix Archaeologist determined that the archaeological remains contained important information potential and would require further investigation through a data recovery program. To meet the proposed schedule for development in the vicinity of Area 6, SWCA, Inc., Environmental Consultants, were directed to prepare this document. Part I consists of a brief report that focuses on the results of the testing efforts. The testing report is primarily descriptive, focusing on feature descriptions, brief discussions of the material culture assemblages, and conclusions and recommendations. All data and materials recovered during the testing phase will be included in detailed analyses which will be conducted during the data recovery phase. Part II of this document is the work plan for archaeological data recovery. The work plan will implement the original research design developed for the City of Phoenix Sky Harbor Center archaeological project (Greenwald, Gregory, and Chenault 1994), an undertaking that has investigated three other areas of Pueblo Salado (Greenwald, Chenault, and Greenwald 1993; Greenwald and Ballagh 1993). The research design is not included in this document as it has been previously published as part of the Phoenix Sky Harbor Center investigations and is easily accessible. The plan of work, however, is presented as some approaches and methods have been updated from the original Sky Harbor Center plan of work (Greenwald and Chenault 1994).

Ojo Bonito Archaeological Project Hinkson Unit Summaries 13,15-17 & GK3

Ojo Bonito Archaeological Project 1992 & 1994 Survey and Excavation Groundstone Tabulation Forms

SWCA, Inc., Environmental Consultants (SWCA), of Tucson, Arizona, conducted the Eastern Mining Area (EMA) survey project under contract to Salt River Project (SRP) between October, 1993, and February, 1994. One central purpose of the project was to create an inventory of archaeological resources to assist in the planning of future improvements and other modifications to existing SRP transmission lines. The project included 107 person-field days of Class III archaeological survey along approximately 257 linear miles of existing 115 kV transmission lines and 92 linear miles of existing and proposed access roads in Pinal and Gila counties, Arizona. The survey crossed lands owned and/or administered by the Mesa, Globe, and Tonto Basin ranger districts of the Tonto National Forest; the Bureau of Land Management; the Arizona State Land Department; the Bureau of Reclamation; the National Park Service; the Department of Defense; and the Gila River Indian Community. The field survey was conducted between November 1 and December 10, 1993, and resulted in the recording of 79 new archaeological sites and the reevaluationof 31 previously recorded sites. The 110 sites within the transmission line rights-of-way include Archaic lithic scatters and possible Archaic roasting pits; Hohokam and Salado field houses, farmsteads, hamlets, villages, compound pueblos, rockshelters, agricultural sites, canals, ambiguous sherd and lithic scatters, and resource procurement and processing sites; Yavapai and Apache wickiup encampments; and historic Euroamerican townsites, habitations, dumps, trash scatters, rockshelter encampments. A second purpose of the project was to assess the cultural context the sites by conducting an exhaustive review of the existing records on archaeological sites and survey projects within a two mile-wide corridor centered on the targeted transmission lines. This archival component resulted in the documentation of over 100 previous survey projects and over 850 archaeological sites distributed along this corridor. This report is a final review draft.

This report presents the results of data recovery investigations at the Sanders Great House site and six other sites within the right-of-way of US Highway 191, south of Sanders, Apache County, Arizona. The project was sponsored by the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT). All excavation work was conducted on ADOT land, with the exception of a small portion of the right-of-way crossing site AZ K:15:17 that is part of the Navajo Nation Chambers-Sanders Trust Lands (CSTL). Data recovery fieldwork was conducted between 15 April and 26 June 1992 by Zuni Archaeology Program (ZAP) staff, under the direct charge of project director Thomas F. Fletcher. Additional construction monitoring and related archaeological work was conducted by ZAP staff during the month of August 1992. The Sanders Great House (site AZ K:15:16 [ASM]) is one of several great houses identified in the Puerco River valley, located at the extreme southwestern edge of the Chacoan system. The excavations were concentrated primarily at this important site. Data recovery investigations included excavation of 9 surface rooms (belonging to the great house roomblock and an earlier roomblock underlying it), 9 pitstructures, and over 90 extramural features. In addition, three extramural areas exhibiting intensive occupation were sampled. Approximately 20% of the total site area falls within the right-of-way, and only this portion could be investigated. Extant remains of the other sites within the right-of-way were also limited. Data recovery investigations at these sites included excavation of one pitstructure and two pit features at site AZ K:15:17, excavation of two pit features at site AZ K:15:27, and excavation of one pitstructure and five extramural features at site AZ K: 15:28. As no cultural features were identified within the right-of-way at sites AZ K: 15:24, AZ K: 15:25, and AZ K: 15:26, fieldwork was limited to sample collection. Additional work at all of the sites involved surface artifact tabulations in the main portions of the sites, located outside the right-of-way. This is volume 1 of a 2 volume series. This volume includes the introduction and background material, along with the archaeology of the project.

Ojo Bonito Archaeological Project: Hinkson, Jaralosa, H-Spear, & Ojo Bonito Excavation Ceramic Tabulation Forms

Ojo Bonito Archaeological Project 1994 Flotation, Pollen, & Dendro-C14 Forms

Ojo Bonito Archaeological Project 1988-94 Specimen and Photograph Logs

Ojo Bonito Archaeological Project 1987-1994 Excavation Unit Summaries