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Introduction: The IBD-Control questionnaire and IBD-Disk are two patient-reported outcome measures designed to evaluate the impact of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on different health domains. Unlike IBD-Disk, there is no fully published validated Portuguese version of IBD-Control. Furthermore, the two instruments have not yet been compared. We aimed to translate and validate IBD-Control in Portugal and compare it with IBD-Disk. Methods: After translation into Portuguese, the IBD-Control was administered to IBD patients, at baseline (T0), after 1–4 weeks (T1), and >3 months (T2). Patients also completed the Portuguese versions of the PRO2, EQ-5D, SIBDQ, and IBD-Disk. We assessed the reliability, validity, responsiveness, and interpretability of IBD-Control. We compared the usability (3 questions) and the ability to identify good disease control (area under the curve [AUC]) of IBD-Control and IBD-Disk. Results: At T0, the IBD-Control was completed by 142 patients (108 Crohn’s disease, 34 ulcerative colitis). At T1 and T2, 68 and 101 patients completed the questionnaire, respectively. Factor analysis confirmed the one-dimensionality of the scale with 8 items (IBD-Control-8). Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) was 0.80. Test-retest reproducibility for stable patients (n = 54) was high (intraclass correlation coefficient-0.86). IBD-Control-8 significantly correlated (r between 0.55 and 0.82; p ≤ 0.001) with PRO2, EQ-5D, SIBDQ and IBD-Disk. The variation in IBD-Control-8 between T0 and T2 correlated significantly (r between 0.48 and 0.53; p ≤ 0.01) with the variation in PRO2 (only for Crohn’s disease), SIBDQ and IBD-Disk. The IBD-Control-8 significantly discriminated between well and poorly controlled disease (15 ± 2 vs. 11 ± 4; p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between IBD-Control-8 and IBD-Disk regarding usability and the ability to identify good disease control (AUC: −0.79 vs. 0.76, respectively). Conclusions: The IBD-Control is reliable and valid for measuring disease control from the perspective of patients with IBD in Portugal, presenting no significant differences regarding usability and assessment of disease control when compared to IBD-Disk.

The increasing need for continuous innovation has given rise to a substantial increase in co-creation initiatives. Since the co-creation of value involves customers participating in the creation of product offerings voluntarily and actively, this investigation tries to understand what drives customers to participate in these co-creation initiatives. To do so, this study employs a probabilistic sample of 683 users enrolled in Linux forums for open-source software distributions. The path analysis and bootstrap samples revealed that customers who exhibit a high innate innovativeness and feel that they belong in the online community show a greater motivation towards platform exploration and participation in co-creation. Moreover, the effect of this synergic interaction on their co-creation participation was partially mediated by the normative dimension of their intrinsic motivation, while the hedonic dimension was not a strong predictor of co-creation contributions. This study fills the voids in the existing literature by showcasing the relevance of personal characteristics, beyond individual motivation, in co-creation behavior.

The aim of this study is to analyse attitudes, perceptions of teacher self-efficacy and collaborative practices and teachers' opinions of the most appropriate placement for students with severe/permanent SEN. The methodology involves a survey based on a questionnaire administered to teachers in three school groups in the central region of mainland Portugal, including scales for the assessment of attitudes towards inclusion, perceptions of teacher self-efficacy and collaboration between teachers. The data was processed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of SPSS software. The results indicate that the teachers have favourable attitudes towards inclusion and a high perception of self-efficacy, and also provide evidence of collaborative practices. In addition, a positive and statistically significant relationship between teachers' attitudes and perceptions of self-efficacy with regard to inclusion was identified, affirming a statistically significant relationship between these variables and teachers' opinions of the most appropriate placement for students with severe/permanent SEN. What is still at stake is that, despite inclusive policies, the placement of students with SEN in regular classrooms can still be influenced by the type of SEN. It was also noted that the diversity of students, the reinforcement of collaborative practices represent challenges for the inclusion of these students.

Respiratory diseases represent a significant healthcare burden, as evidenced by the devastating impact of COVID-19. Biophysical models offer the possibility to anticipate system behavior and provide insights into physiological functions, advancements which are comparatively and notably nascent when it comes to pulmonary mechanics research. In this context, an Inverse Finite Element Analysis (IFEA) pipeline is developed to construct the first continuously ventilated three-dimensional structurally representative pulmonary model informed by both organ- and tissue-level breathing experiments from a cadaveric human lung. Here we construct a generalizable computational framework directly validated by pressure, volume, and strain measurements using a novel inflating apparatus interfaced with adapted, lung-specific, digital image correlation techniques. The parenchyma, pleura, and airways are represented with a poroelastic formulation to simulate pressure flows within the lung lobes, calibrating the model's material properties with the global pressure-volume response and local tissue deformations strains. The optimization yielded the following shear moduli: parenchyma (2.8 kPa), airways (0.2 kPa), and pleura (1.7 Pa). The proposed complex multi-material model with multi-experimental inputs was successfully developed using human lung data, and reproduced the shape of the inflating pressure-volume curve and strain distribution values associated with pulmonary deformation. This advancement marks a significant step towards creating a generalizable human lung model for broad applications across animal models, such as porcine, mouse, and rat lungs to reproduce pathological states and improve performance investigations regarding medical therapeutics and intervention.

Youth climate movements have increasingly adopted an intersectional approach to activism, highlighting how diverse social categories (inter alia, race, gender, social class, sexuality) intersect with power structures and systems of oppression. This article explores the educational value of practices of intersectionality as they unfold in activists’ everyday lives, both within the climate movement and in its relationship with other movements. Drawing on multi-sited ethnographic data from young climate activists belonging to the School Strike for Climate chapters in Portugal’s two largest cities (Porto and Lisbon), we account for both private and public activist events—such as activists’ meetings, school occupations, and protest actions—and the connections with other activist causes, including feminist, anti-fascist, pro-housing, and LGBTQI+ rights. We show that intersectionality in youth collective action translates into: (i) a political commitment to anchor the climate struggle in systemic injustices that affect minoritized groups and non-normative identities, and (ii) a pragmatic strategy to uphold the public relevance and reach of youth climate mobilization. Simultaneously, our data reveal how the intersectional framework in climate activism translates into informal educational experiences that are significant for political socialization and collective learning, challenging conventional pedagogical processes and hegemonic education systems. This article contributes to expanding traditional notions of education, emphasizing the importance of climate activism as localized political spheres that promote opportunities for participatory learning, aimed at co-constructing just, democratic, and inclusive futures.

ABSTRACT With their unique ecosystems and evolutionary dynamics, small islands offer fascinating contexts to explore animal diversity. Island bats are key players in maintaining ecological balance. However, their populations are threatened worldwide, necessitating comprehensive research and conservation strategies. Pantelleria, a small Mediterranean island and a biogeographic crossroad between Europe and Africa, offers an excellent model to exemplify the challenges to bat conservation in such geographic contexts. We tested three hypotheses: (1) bats would show weak preference patterns for landscape composition due to the island's heterogeneous landscapes, (2) farmland (especially vineyards) would strongly affect bat activity, and (3) distance from water sources would highly influence bat richness and activity. We surveyed bats acoustically using Audiomoth recorders covering most of the island's surface. We recorded seven bat species, including endangered Plecotus gaisleri, Myotis punicus and Rhinolophus mehelyi. Bats showed weak preferences for specific landscape composition, but the dominant species (Pipistrellus kuhlii) decreased its activity for increasing portions of vineyards within the landscape. Moreover, distance to water critically influenced bat richness and activity. Agricultural expansion, pesticide use and human activities pose significant threats to bats on Pantelleria. We advocate for sustainable farming practices and careful water resource management to safeguard bat habitats and mitigate these threats. Conservation should target vineyards, a key economic resource to produce world‐renowned wine ‘Passito di Pantelleria’ by reducing pesticide use and adopting organic management. Water might be supplemented in critical dry habitats. We urge the preservation of bat diversity to support ecosystem health and resilience on small islands like Pantelleria.

Aim: The aim of our study is to assess the quality of sleep in children with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis, as well as the impact of the control of allergic respiratory diseases on sleep disturbances. Materials and methods: It is an observational cross-sectional study on children attending pediatric allergy appointments at a portuguese tertiary hospital (G1), and compared to a control population (G2). The asthma and rhinitis control was determined using the Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test (CARAT/CARATKids) questionnaires. Sleep was evaluated using the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ). G1 included 61 patients and G2 included 100 children. Results: About a third of the children in the study group had sleep-related breathing disorders (SDB), compared to 9 % on the control group (p-value

Background: Accurate scientific terminology is crucial in health sciences to avoid misinterpretations. The use of ‘artemisinin resistance’ to describe delayed parasite clearance may be inaccurately equated with full resistance, as is typically the case when ‘resistance’ is used with other pathogens, leading to potential confusion. In 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced ‘partial artemisinin resistance’ to more accurately reflect the delayed parasite clearance observed with artemisinin-based therapies. Methods: We analyzed whether articles in PubMed accurately convey the concept of ‘partial artemisinin resistance’ using GPT-4 to generate related search terms. AntConc was employed for corpus analysis of retrieved articles to examine terminology in titles and abstracts. A manual review evaluated the use of the WHO concept of ‘partial artemisinin resistance’ in the full text of a subset of high-impact articles. Results: Out of 4041 articles retrieved, only 7 % (n = 281) used ‘partial’ or ‘delayed’ in titles or abstracts. Even after 2018, when WHO introduced the term ‘partial artemisinin resistance’, only 10 % of articles included this. Manual analysis of 161 full-text articles revealed that 94 % did not use ‘partial artemisinin resistance’, and 59 % did not explain the concept of delayed parasite clearance. Conclusion: The delayed introduction of the term ‘partial artemisinin resistance’ may have contributed to continued use of the scientifically questionable term ‘artemisinin resistance’. This term may be misunderstood as full resistance, as is common with antibiotic resistance. Accurate terminology is essential for clear scientific communication, and precise terms should be established and consistently used from the outset by scientists and clinicians.

Resumo Gálvez e Davison criaram o índice de instabilidade Gálvez-Davison (GDI) desenvolvido para regiões tropicais, uma vez que os índices tradicionais apresentam baixo desempenho nessas áreas. O GDI foi avaliado utilizando o Método de Análise de Contingencia (MAC) com dados de radiossondagens obtidos em Belém-PA, Brasil, de 2009 a 2018, e foi comparado com outros índices de instabilidade clássicos como o índice K, Showalter, SWEAT, Lifted, Total Totals e CAPE. Foi observado que o índice K obteve o melhor desempenho no geral, o GDI foi o segundo melhor índice. O pior desempenho foi do índice SWEAT. Para o horário de 00 UTC, o GDI apresentou desempenho superior aos demais índices de instabilidade avaliados. Em geral, o desempenho desses índices foi considerado mediano de acordo com o método MAC, o que torna necessário serem feitas adequações nos índices, tais como a incorporação ou ajuste de parâmetros atmosféricos utilizados nas equações e/ou alterações nos limiares, visando obter um melhor desempenho dessas ferramentas operacionais na previsibilidade de precipitação em Belém.

Background The purpose of the review was to evaluate the literature exploring nutritional habits and practices in female soccer players.Methods The PRISMA-ScR Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews were followed. Searches of Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus databases were conducted for studies exploring the nutritional habits and practices of female soccer players.Results A total of 72 studies were included in the scoping review. Studies on female soccer players mainly focused on daily energy expenditure, daily energy and macronutrient intake and hydration status. A negative energy balance was consistent across studies, and the ingestion of CHO appears below the current recommendations. Female soccer players are predominately in negative energy balance, which may indicate that they are at risk of low energy availability. A high use of nutritional supplements is apparent in female soccer, whilst a large proportion of players commence training dehydrated.Conclusions The current findings have implications for practitioners relating to the planning, management, monitoring, and implementation of nutritional intake and training and competition schedules.

Anthropogenic activities have significantly altered land cover on a global scale. These changes often have a negative effect on biodiversity limiting the distribution of species. The extent of the effect on species’ distribution depends on the landscape composition and configuration at a local and landscape level. To better understand this effect on a large scale, we evaluated how land cover and vegetation structure shape bat species’ occurrence while considering species’ imperfect detection. We hypothesize that intensification of anthropogenic activities in agriculture, for example, reduces heterogeneity of land cover and vegetation structure, and thereby, limits bat occurrence. To investigate this, we conducted acoustic bat sampling across 59 locations in southern Portugal, each with three spatial replicates. We derived fine-scale vegetation structural metrics by combining spaceborne LiDAR (GEDI) and synthetic aperture radar data (Sentinel-1 and ALOS/PALSAR-2). Additionally, we included land cover metrics and high-resolution climate data from CHELSA. Our findings revealed an important relationship between bat species’ occupancy and vegetation structure, particularly with vegetation canopy height. Moreover, forest and shrubland proportions were the main land cover types influencing bat species responses. All species’ best-ranking occupancy models included at least one climatic variable (temperature, humidity, or potential evapotranspiration), demonstrating the importance of climate when predicting bat distribution. Our acoustic surveys had a species’ detection probability varying from 0.19 to 0.86, and it was influenced by night conditions. These findings underscore the importance of modeling imperfect detection, especially for highly vagile and elusive organisms like bats. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of using vegetation and landscape metrics derived from high-resolution remote sensing data to model species distribution in the context of biodiversity monitoring and conservation.

Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) represents the total worth of a customer to a company over time, aiding businesses in resource allocation and tailored marketing for profitability. This literature review fills a research gap by examining how customer risk factors are integrated into CLV calculations. We conducted a systematic literature review across databases, adhering to strict criteria for relevance and quality. The review analyzed CLV methodologies and outcomes, highlighting the use of mean–variance analysis to optimize customer portfolios, with customer income fluctuations identified as a major risk factor. The study also explores the evolution of CLV research, particularly in the application of Machine Learning (ML) for risk-adjusted CLV. Our findings offer a comprehensive overview, laying the groundwork for future research and helping businesses refine risk management strategies, identify high-risk customers, and enhance customer value through more dynamic, data-driven models.

Introdução – A incontinência urinária (IU) ou perda involuntária de urina é uma condição de saúde frequente e preocupante, que pode ser subdividida em três tipos comuns: IU de esforço, de urgência ou mista. Objetivos – Identificar a prevalência de IU em mulheres no concelho de Seia e avaliar o impacto da IU na qualidade de vida (QdV) dessas mulheres. Métodos – Estudo do tipo observacional descritivo e de características analíticas, com uma amostra de conveniência de entre a população feminina do concelho de Seia (n=416), com uma subamostra das mulheres incontinentes (n=117). Foram utilizados um questionário de caracterização da amostra e o instrumento de medida Contilife®. A análise inferencial foi realizada pelo teste Qui-Quadrado, teste t de Student e medida de Likelihood Ratio (LR). A consistência interna foi avaliada pelo Alfa de Cronbach. Resultados – A prevalência de IU para a população de Seia foi de 28,1%, com uma associação significativa entre a paridade e a presença de IU tendo o valor de LR grande. A IU tem impacto na QdV das mulheres (59%), medida pelo Contilife® (média 7,59 na QdV global), sendo que a IU mista foi o tipo que causou mais impacto (73,3%). Conclusão – A IU feminina tem impacto na QdV com valores estatisticamente significativos em todas as dimensões do Contilife®, embora classificado como impacto baixo. Os fisioterapeutas podem ser profissionais de primeiro contacto, permitindo a quantificação das mulheres com IU e atuando na prevenção e tratamento desta condição, levando a que a fisioterapia seja um fio condutor para a melhoria da qualidade de vida.

Based on Portuguese case law, this study examined the characterisation and mischaracterisation of occupational injuries in the Portuguese court system. A content analysis was carried out, namely on how the Portuguese courts understand the characterisation and mischaracterisation (requirements) of occupational injury sentences. Case law was collected and analysed from listed decisions by the higher courts (Supreme Court of Justice and the Portuguese Courts of Appeal), between 2011 and 2021. A total of 330 judicial decisions were identified and analysed; groups of descriptors were categorised and sub-themes were identified. The sub-theme ‘concept and scope of the injury’ was identified in 80 decisions and ‘mischaracterisation of injuries’ in 46 decisions. This analysis reflects the Portuguese courts' understanding of the extent to which occupational injuries are characterised, which will be important to safeguard the system of compensation for occupational injuries in Portugal.

ABSTRACT: The objective of the experiment was to determine the effects of supplemental SFA sources, lysophospholipids (LPL), and their interaction on production and nutrient digestibility in lactating dairy cows. The experiment was conducted with 48 cows in a randomized complete block design. Cows were blocked (12 blocks total) by parity and days in milk and randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments in each block (2 × 2 factorial arrangement), i.e., 2 sources of fat supplements, C16:0 (PA)- or C18:0 (SA)-enriched fat, and with or without LPL. The experiment was conducted for 6 wk to measure daily dry matter intake, milk yield, and weekly milk composition. During the last week of the experiment, spot fecal and urine samples were collected to determine total-tract nutrient digestibility. Milk samples in the last week were also collected to analyze the milk fatty acid (FA) profile. All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS, where block was used as a random effect and FA, LPL, and the interaction of FA by LPL were used as fixed effects. Week and interactions of week by FA or LPL were included for production measures. Different sources of SFA did not affect dry matter intake and milk yield. However, the PA treatment increased (39.7 vs. 36.8 kg) energy-corrected milk compared with SA due to increased milk fat yield. No effect of LPL on production measures was observed. Total-tract digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and total FA were not different between the PA and SA groups, but PA increased (41.4% vs. 38.8%) neutral detergent fiber digestibility compared with SA. Supplementation of LPL increased (64.7% vs. 60.5%) total FA digestibility, especially 18-carbon FA (74.1% vs. 68.2%). An interaction of SFA by LPL was found for 16-carbon FA digestibility. The PA diet increased the concentration of 16-carbon FA in milk fat and SA increased the concentration of preformed FA (≥18 carbons). Supplementation of LPL decreased the concentration of trans-10 C18:1. No difference in N utilization and excretion among treatments was observed. In conclusion, the PA diet was more effective in improving milk fat yield of lactating cows compared with SA. Supplementation of LPL increased digestibility of total FA, especially 18-carbon FA but did not affect production.

Este artigo objetiva analisar as diferentes políticas nacionais propostas para a Educação Especial e identificar desafios persistentes ao atendimento educacional dos alunos com deficiência, transtornos globais do desenvolvimento, altas habilidades/superdotação. Em diálogo com a literatura da área da Educação Especial, como procedimentos metodológicos foi realizada consulta a documentos norteadores da política de Educação Especial entre 1994 e 2023, estando alguns ainda em discussão. A elaboração de uma política nacional de Educação Especial deveria ser fruto de amadurecimento de análises e discussões, a partir de um Documento de Referência, com o envolvimento popular, instâncias representativas da sociedade civil organizada, passando pelas Conferências Municipais e/ou Intermunicipais, Estaduais e Nacional de Educação e dos Direitos das Pessoas com Deficiência, situações em que as propostas receberiam maior atenção dos grupos de pessoas com deficiência e suas famílias, de pesquisadores, especialistas e população em geral.

This paper provides a detailed literature review of the environmental implications of vehicle platooning, a topic gaining significant attention in transportation. While previous reviews have focused on the safety, planning, fuel economy, and microsimulation aspects of platooning, this paper delves into environmental aspects. It identifies a lack of research adopting a holistic approach to transport and environmental benefits and emphasizes the need for further research to enhance vehicle efficiency and improve air quality and health conditions. This study traces the historical evolution of platooning, highlighting the shift in research focus over the decades. It advocates for more research on platooning’s environmental aspects, particularly pollutant emissions and air quality. The primary contributions of this work are threefold and include the following: firstly, it delineates simulation methodologies for platooning and the associated pollutant emissions; secondly, it offers a critical assessment of the existing literature on vehicle emissions, fuel consumption, and energy savings; and thirdly, it illuminates the prospective research challenges within the specialized domain of vehicle platooning.

O mundo mudou, os mapas se redesenharam nas fronteiras das relações interativas, os antigos grupos étnicos ressurgiram e as novas culturas apareceram no cenário digital. Uma rápida olhada na Internet mostra como a cultura humana, já complexa, se tornou ainda mais diversa. Este artigo propõe um passeio pelas mudanças ocorridas na última década nas interrelações sociais com a utilização maciça de Internet. Neste cenário, novas configurações de grupamentos humanos se viabilizaram por essas interações, em especial mediadas pela inteligência artificial (AI). Estas mudanças impactam diretamente a forma de fazer etnografia, visto que o sujeito etnográfico, sua cultura e formas interativas são o alvo principal deste tipo de investigação. Comunidades online, educação remota, hibridismo no ensino-aprendizagem, são algumas das discussões que se pretende delinear. O texto se desenvolve a partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica que tem como objeto o conceito de netnografia, sua aplicação e implicações para a pedagogia na era digital. Os resultados desta revisão demonstram que os termos: netnografia, etnografia virtual, webnografia, etnografia digital, etnografia em mídias sociais ou etnografia on-line são alguns exemplos dessa variedade de abordagens. Pretende-se ainda demonstrar como o uso da etnografia digital se expande para vários campos do conhecimento. Como problemática principal se discute a questão ética que permeia as relações humanas e o fazer etnográfico. Neste sentido, é importante considerar cuidadosamente as preocupações de segurança com relação à privacidade individual e social, bem como prevenir a desinformação no âmbito digital.

RESUMO Neste artigo, objetivou-se avaliar a presença das tecnologias digitais nas escolas brasileiras durante a suspensão das atividades presenciais decorrente da pandemia de Covid-19. Os procedimentos metodológicos consistiram na análise qualitativa dos dados sobre o impacto da pandemia nas escolas coletados por meio do Censo Escolar da Educação Básica em 2020 e 2021. Constatou-se que as tecnologias digitais foram utilizadas, mas com condições de acesso muito precárias, ante uma realidade incerta sobre as condições sanitárias e de retorno às atividades presenciais.