Search

Copyright of Enfermería en Cardiologia is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Enfermeria en Cardiologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: To validate the content and adequacy of the «Rescube» training material that includes adapted information from the chain of survival. Material and methods: The study included three steps: (i) material development by 7 experts, following Delphi method; (ii) assessment of training material by 11 experts by means of a Likert score and calculation of content validity; and (iii) pilot study in two groups of 5–8 years-old: Rescube group (GR; n = 60) and Traditional group (GT; n = 60). GR was trained with Rescube and a Teddy bear, while GT was traditionally trained with a pediatric manikin. Participants were individually assessed at baseline, and one week and one month after training. Results: All content validity indexes calculated are above the recommended cut-off for analysis with more than 9 experts (≥0,80). Children’s learning results were positive, with percentages equal or higher than 80% in all registered variables at the first (one week) evaluation and equal or higher than 67% when evaluated one month after training. No significant differences were detected between groups. Conclusion: The Rescube training tool based on infantile pictures is valid and useful to train young schoolchildren in the chain of survival. Resumen: Objetivo: Validar el contenido y la adecuación del material desplegable «Rescube» con la información adaptada de la «cadena de supervivencia». Material y métodos: La investigación fue realizada en tres etapas: 1) Desarrollo del material desplegable por 7 profesionales, utilizando los pasos de un método Delphi; 2) Evaluación del material desplegable por 11 expertos mediante una escala Likert y posterior cálculo de índices de validez de contenido, y 3) estudio piloto en dos grupos de niños entre 5 y 8 años: grupo Rescube (GR; n = 60) y grupo Tradicional (GT; n = 60). El GR recibió la formación con el Rescube y un peluche mientras que en el GT se utilizó un maniquí pediátrico. Los participantes fueron evaluados individualmente antes de la formación, y una semana y un mes después. Resultados: Todos los índices calculados de validez de contenido superan el punto de corte aconsejado para los análisis con más de 9 expertos (≥0,80). Los resultados de aprendizaje de los niños fueron positivos, observándose porcentajes iguales o superiores al 80% en todas las variables registradas tras una semana e iguales o superiores al 67% tras un mes. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos. Conclusión: La herramienta docente basada en imágenes infantiles en un cubo desplegable Rescube es válida y útil para formar a los escolares más jóvenes en la «cadena de supervivencia».

Cardiorespiratory Arrest (CRP) is the sudden interruption of heartbeat, breathing and immediate loss of consciousness. To identify the perception of the nursing team regarding the management of cardiorespiratory arrest in neonates in the NICU; To identify the factors in the work environment that interfere with the performance of the nursing team during the arrest and; Discuss the implications of this management for the clinical practice. This is a descriptive, qualitative study carried out in a NICU in Rio de Janeiro. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire/interview instrument. Twenty-three nursing professionals participated and three categories were constructed: a) Perception of nursing professionals about performance and the management of neonatal CRP; b) Factors in the work environment that facilitate and hinder assistance; and c) Suggestions for improving service. The management of CRP is still a challenge for health professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La pandemia de COVID-19 se ha asociado con un incremento en el número de casos de paro cardiorrespiratorio y con ello han aumentado las inquietudes éticas en torno a la exigencia de la reanimación cardiopulmonar, así como sobre las condiciones para realizarla. El riesgo de contagio por aerosoles y las incertidumbres clínicas sobre la eficacia, las potenciales secuelas y las circunstancias que podrían justificar la limitación del procedimiento durante la pandemia, han multiplicado las dudas éticas sobre cómo proceder en estos casos. Con base en fundamentos éticos y jurídicos, en el presente artículo se ofrece una guía práctica sobre cómo proceder en los casos de paro cardiopulmonar en el contexto de la pandemia. Los criterios de justicia, beneficio, no daño, respeto a la autonomía, precaución, integridad y transparencia, se presentan de forma organizada y práctica para la adopción de decisiones en materia de reanimación cardiopulmonar.

With this work it is intended to supplement the general norms imposed by the Cuban sanitary authorities as for the cardiopulmonary resuscitation, where it is necessary to make stress, from the individual point of view, to achieve a correct performance in front of COVID-19. The cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a practice that generates particles in aerosol coming from the air ways, which increases the infection risk by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. For the present work, the international recommendations were consulted on the topic about compressions, ventilation, electric and even pharmacological therapy in patients with cardiac arrest and diagnosis of COVID-19, in order to achieve not only the patient's well-being, but also the security of the health staff.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of first aid (FA) of primary and pre-school teachers and the parents of children in these education stages. Methods: A questionnaire already used in previous publications was employed and consisted of 4 sections: (1) general information; (2) assessment of FA knowledge; (3) questions about FA, and (4) attitudes about FA. The questionnaire was sent by e-mail in Google Forms format to different education centres of the Autonomous Community of Galicia. The centres were asked to send them to the school staff and parents of the pupils so that they could be completed. Results: A total of 470 questionnaires were analysed (177 teachers; 242 parents and 51 teachers with children). More than half (268, 57%) of the participants stated to have knowledge of FA. In the case of the school teachers, associations were found between having undertaken some kind of FA training and teaching these contents (P = .008). Only 4 participants were able to put in the correct order the steps of the basic life support sequence, and nobody answered correctly all the questions about cardiopulmonary resuscitation. More than 95% of the sample were in favour to include FA in the school curriculum and in the study plans of university degrees aimed to train school/high school teachers. Conclusions: The majority of teachers and parents had training in FA, although they did not respond correctly to the questions related to basic life support. The inclusion of these contents in school curricula would be recommendable, but it would require training of the teaching staff beforehand. The inclusion of these contents in university study plans should be a measure to take into account. Resumen: Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los conocimientos en primeros auxilios (PP. AA.) de profesorado de educación infantil y primaria y de progenitores de niños en estas etapas educativas. Métodos: Se utilizó un cuestionario ya usado en publicaciones previas compuesto por 4 secciones: 1) información general; 2) valoración de los conocimientos en PP. AA.; 3) preguntas sobre PP. AA., y 4) consideraciones sobre los PP. AA. El cuestionario fue enviado a diferentes centros educativos de la Comunidad Autónoma de Galicia vía correo electrónico en formato Google Formularios. Se les solicitaba a los centros que los enviasen al claustro de profesores y progenitores del alumnado para su cumplimentación. Resultados: El número total de cuestionarios analizados fue 470 (177 docentes; 242 progenitores; 51 docentes con hijos). Doscientos sesenta y ocho (57%) participantes afirmaron poseer conocimientos en PP. AA. En el caso de los docentes, se encontró asociación entre tener formación e impartir estos contenidos en el aula (p = 0,008). Solamente 4 participantes supieron ordenar la secuencia de soporte vital básico y ninguno respondió correctamente a a todas las preguntas sobre reanimación cardiopulmonar. Más del 95% de la muestra consideraba necesario incluir formación en PP. AA. En el currículo escolar y en los planes de estudios de carreras destinadas a formar al profesorado. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los docentes y progenitores tenían formación en PP. AA., aunque no supieron responder correctamente a preguntas relacionadas con el soporte vital básico. Sería recomendable la inclusión de estos contenidos en los currículos escolares, pero para ello sería preciso formar previamente al profesorado. La inclusión de estos contenidos en los planes de estudios universitarios debería ser una medida a tener en cuenta.

El paro cardiorrespiratorio es el resultado final del deterioro de la función respiratoria y circulatoria. En la edad pediátrica frecuentemente ocurre en un entorno extra-hospitalario, donde la primera persona disponible para accionar suele ser lego. Aplicar las maniobras de soporte vital básico (SVB) en forma rápida y efectiva se asocia con la mejor tasa de supervivencia, por lo tanto, es importante que los legos tengan conocimientos y destrezas relacionados a dichas maniobras. Objetivo. Identificar el nivel de conocimiento sobre soporte vital básico de padres de niños menores de 5 años. Metodología. Estudio observacional de corte transversal, que incluyó a los padres/cuidadores de niños menores de 5 años internados en los servicios de pediatría de un hospital universitario, de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Se utilizó para la recolección de los datos un cuestionario estandarizado, auto-administrado y anónimo. Consideraciones éticas: El estudio fue aprobado por Comité Independiente de Evaluación (Dictamen 19-002). Resultados. Se encuestaron a 407 participantes, edad promedio de 35,69 años, mayormente muyeres, nivel educativo predominante la secundaria completa. Se observó que solamente el 26,54% y 14,50% alcanzaron nivel suficiente de conocimiento sobre las maniobras de reanimación cardiorrespiratoria y desobstrucción de las vías aéreas del niño, respectivamente. Discusión. Los resultados apuntan a un bajo nivel de conocimiento sobre soporte vital básico ABSTRACT Cardiorespiratory arrest is the end result of impaired respiratory and circulatory function. In pediatric age, it usually occurs in an extra-hospital environment, where the first person available to act is usually laypersons. Applying basic life support (BLS) maneuvers quickly and effectively is associated with the best survival rate, therefore, it is important that lay people have knowledge and skills related to these maneuvers. Objective. To identify the level of knowledge about basic life support of parents of children under 5 years of age. Methodology. Cross-sectional observational study, which included parents / caregivers of children under 5 years of age admitted to pediatric services the university hospital, in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. A standardized, self-administered and anonymous questionnaire was used for data collection. Ethical considerations: The study was approved by the Independent Evaluation Committee (Opinion 19-002). Results. 407 participants were surveyed, average age of 35.69 years, most of whom have completed secondary level. It is realized that only 26.54% and 14.50% reached a sufficient level of knowledge about cardiorespiratory resuscitation maneuvers and airway clearance of the child, respectively. Discussion. The results point to a low level of knowledge about basic life support.

Objectives: To analyse the 2020 international and European recommendations for Paediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), highlighting the most important changes and propose lines of development in Spain. Methods: Critical analysis of the paediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation recommendations of the European Resuscitation Council. Results: The most relevant changes in the CPR recommendations for 2020 are in basic CPR the possibility of activating the emergency system after performing the five rescue ventilations with the mobile phone on loudspeaker, and in advanced CPR, bag ventilation between two rescuers if possible, the administration of epinephrine as soon as a vascular access is obtained, the increase in the respiratory rate in intubated children between 10 and 25 bpm according to their age and the importance of controlling the quality and coordination of CPR. In CPR training, the importance of training non-technical skills such as teamwork, leadership and communication and frequent training to reinforce and maintain competencies is highlighted. Conclusions: It is essential that training in Paediatric CPR in Spain follows the same recommendations and is carried out with a common methodology, adapted to the characteristics of health care and the needs of the students. The Spanish Paediatric and Neonatal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Group should coordinate this process, but the active participation of all paediatricians and health professionals who care for children is also essential. Resumen: Objetivos: Analizar las recomendaciones internacionales y europeas de reanimación cardiopulmonar (RCP) pediátrica del 2020, resaltar los cambios más importantes y plantear líneas de desarrollo en España. Métodos: Análisis crítico de las recomendaciones de reanimación cardiopulmonar pediátrica del European Resuscitation Council. Resultados: Los cambios más relevantes en las recomendaciones de RCP del año 2020 son: en la RCP básica la posibilidad de activar el sistema de emergencias tras realizar las cinco ventilaciones de rescate con el teléfono móvil en altavoz, y en la RCP avanzada la ventilación con bolsa entre dos reanimadores si es posible, la administración de adrenalina en cuanto se canaliza un acceso vascular, el aumento de la frecuencia respiratoria en los niños intubados entre 10 y 25 rpm de acuerdo a su edad y la importancia de controlar la calidad y coordinación de la RCP. En la formación en RCP se destaca la importancia de la formación de las habilidades no técnicas como el trabajo en equipo, liderazgo y la comunicación y el entrenamiento frecuente para reforzar y mantener las competencias. Conclusiones: Es esencial que la formación en RCP Pediátrica en España siga las mismas recomendaciones y se realice con una metodología común, adaptada a las características de la atención sanitaria y las necesidades de los alumnos. El Grupo Español de Reanimación Cardiopulmonar Pediátrica y Neonatal debe coordinar este proceso, pero es esencial la participación activa de todos los pediatras y profesionales sanitarios que atienden a los niños.

Objective: To analyze if the implementation of a multidisciplinary extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) program in a tertiary hospital in Spain is feasible and could yield survival outcomes similar to international published experiences., Design: Retrospective observational cohort study., Setting: One tertiary referral university hospital in Spain., Patients: All adult patients receiving ECPR between January 2019 and April 2023., Interventions: Prospective collection of variables and follow-up for up to 180 days., Main Variables of Interest: To assess outcomes, survival with good neurological outcome defined as a Cerebral Performance Categories scale 1-2 at 180 days was used. Secondary variables were collected including demographics and comorbidities, cardiac arrest and cannulation characteristics, ROSC, ECMO-related complications, survival to ECMO decannulation, survival at Intensive Care Unit (ICU) discharge, survival at 180 days, neurological outcome, cause of death and eligibility for organ donation., Results: Fifty-four patients received ECPR, 29 for OHCA and 25 for IHCA. Initial shockable rhythm was identified in 27 (50%) patients. The most common cause for cardiac arrest was acute coronary syndrome [29 (53.7%)] followed by pulmonary embolism [7 (13%)] and accidental hypothermia [5 (9.3%)]. Sixteen (29.6%) patients were alive at 180 days, 15 with good neurological outcome. Ten deceased patients (30.3%) became organ donors after neuroprognostication., Conclusions: The implementation of a multidisciplinary ECPR program in an experienced Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation center in Spain is feasible and can lead to good survival outcomes and valid organ donors., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier España, S.L.U. and SEMICYUC. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To validate the efficacy of brief CPR training with dual feedback to maintain the ability to perform quality chest compressions., Materials and Methods: Quasi-experimental study with two groups to evaluate a brief theoretical training followed by a practice with manikin with feedback; Participants: 155 health and non-health professionals from 5 primary care health centers of urban area (43 losses); Main measurements: Characteristics of compressions that were measured before and after the brief training and their maintenance at 3 and 6 months according to the study group. The effect of training and maintenance of skills were analyzed using multiple linear regression models., Results: 155 participants were included, mean age 39.7 years (SD=12.0) with 82.7% female. The training effect had an improvement in mean compression depth (pre-post difference: 3.5, P<.001), total compressions with adequate depth (pre-post difference: 0.2, P<.001) and Total Compressions with Adequate Rhythm (pre-post difference: 0.4, P<.001). The second phase was completed by 112 participants (72.2%). Compression skills declined at 3 months and were lower at 6 months, although the loss of skills was not statistically significant between the two groups., Conclusions: An individualized, brief training action with feedback immediately improves the quality of compressions. The progressive loss of skills from 3 to 6 months is not relevant., (Copyright © 2024 Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN). Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Immediate Life Support training is under-represented in medical degrees and little information is available on the medium-term effectiveness of its teaching. Our aim was to analyse the forgetting curve in medical students who received specific training in the three main procedural competencies of Immediate Life Support. Material and methods: A prospective 3-month longitudinal study was conducted on final year medical students at a Spanish university. The items assessed were grouped into three competencies: the performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (nine items), instrumentalised airway management with a supraglottic device (five items) and the identification of basic arrhythmias responsible for cardiorespiratory arrest (four items). All measurements were assessed immediately after the training programme and at three months. McNemar's tests were used for statistical analyses. Results: The medical students recruited showed high rates of correct execution of the manoeuvres for all assessed items, both immediately after the programme and at three months. Over 90% of students performed all the manoeuvres correctly at three months, except for appropriate cardiac massage frequency (85.71%). No significant differences were appreciated between the two assessments. Conclusion: The 3-month forgetting curve in Immediate Life Support was non-existent for medical students, suggesting that these programmes are effective in the medium term. This study provides further evidence on a discipline that is undertrained in medical degrees and that is scarcely studied in the current literature. Resumen: Introducción: La formación en Soporte Vital Inmediato está poco representada en las titulaciones de medicina y se dispone de poca información sobre la eficacia a medio plazo de su enseñanza. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar la curva de olvido en los estudiantes de medicina que recibieron formación específica en las tres principales competencias procedimentales del Soporte Vital Inmediato. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio longitudinal prospectivo de 3 meses en estudiantes de último curso de medicina de una universidad española. Los ítems evaluados se agruparon en tres competencias: la realización de la reanimación cardiopulmonar (nueve ítems), el manejo instrumentalizado de la vía aérea con dispositivo supraglótico (cinco ítems) y la identificación de las arritmias básicas responsables de la parada cardiorrespiratoria (cuatro ítems). Todas las mediciones se evaluaron inmediatamente después del programa de formación y a los tres meses. Se utilizó el test de McNemar para los análisis estadísticos. Resultados: Los estudiantes de medicina reclutados mostraron altas tasas de ejecución correcta de las maniobras para todos los ítems evaluados, tanto inmediatamente después del programa como a los tres meses. Más del 90% de los estudiantes realizaron correctamente todas las maniobras a los tres meses, excepto la frecuencia de masaje cardíaco adecuada (85,71%). No se apreciaron diferencias significativas entre las dos evaluaciones. Conclusión: La curva de olvido a los tres meses en Soporte Vital Inmediato fue inexistente para los estudiantes de medicina, lo que sugiere que estos programas son eficaces a medio plazo. Este estudio aporta más evidencias sobre una disciplina poco formada en las carreras de medicina y escasamente estudiada en la literatura actual.

Introduction: clinical ultrasonography has undergone a significant development in recent years. Its use has spread to most medical specialties and has ceased to be a complementary examination and has been integrated into the clinical approach. Objective: to describe the usefulness of ultrasonography in cerebral- cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Method: a search for information was carried out in the databases PubMed/Medline, Scopus and SciELO, using a combination of terms. Twenty-nine references were chosen. Development: during cerebral-cardiopulmonary arrest, ultrasonography allows differentiation of cardiac rhythm, finding reversible causes of arrest, performing ultrasound-guided procedures during resuscitation, displaying real-time physiological data reflecting dynamic changes in response to medical treatments, and providing prognostic information. The identification of causes impacts on the management and prognosis, and is also applicable to the evaluation of the quality of chest compressions. There are different protocols, each with its own features. Ultrasound has a positive influence on the return of spontaneous circulation, survival to admission and survival to hospital discharge. Conclusions: the use of ultrasound during cerebral cardiopulmonary resuscitation is based on the diagnosis of these acute cardiorespiratory events, the identification of reversible causes, evaluation of the technique, selection of therapy, guiding cardiorespiratory resuscitation, avoiding a new event and assessing the functional status after resuscitation. The mastery of clinical echocardiography by all health care providers in the event of cardiopulmonary arrest is a necessity.

Adult In-hospital Cardiac Arrest (IHCA) is defined as the loss of circulation of an in-patient. Following high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), if the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is achieved, the post-cardiac arrest syndrome develops (PCAS). This review is intended to discuss the current diagnosis and treatment of PCAS. To approach this topic, a bibliography search was conducted through direct digital access to the scientific literature published in English and Spanish between 2014 and 2020, in MedLine, SciELO, Embase and Cochrane. This search resulted in 248 articles from which original articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and clinical practice guidelines were selected for a total of 56 documents. The etiologies may be divided into 56% of in-hospital cardiac, and 44% of non-cardiac arrests. The incidence of this physiological collapse is up to 1.6 cases/1,000 patients admitted, and its frequency is higher in the intensive care units (ICU), with an overall survival rate of 13% at one year. The primary components of PCAS are brain injury, myocardial dysfunction and the persistence of the precipitating pathology. The mainstays for managing PCAS are the prevention of cardiac arrest, ventilation support, control of peri-cardiac arrest arrythmias, and interventions to optimize neurologic recovery. A knowledgeable healthcare staff in PCAS results in improved patient survival and future quality of life. Finally, there is clear need to do further research in the Latin American Population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cogitare Enfermagem is the property of Cogitare Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado é Fundamental is the property of Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado e Fundamental Online and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Investigacion & Educacion en Enfermeria is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Enfermeria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Universitas Médica is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Gaucha de Enfermagem is the property of Revista Gaucha de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Gaucha de Enfermagem is the property of Revista Gaucha de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Texto & Contexto Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pos-Graduacao de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The COVID-19 pandemic is having a large impact on the general population, but it has taken a specially high toll on healthcare personnel. Resuscitation efforts require potential modifications of the present Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) international guidelines because of the transmissibility rate of the new SARS-CoV 2 virus. It has been seen that up to 15% of COVID-19 patients have a severe disease, 5% have a critical form of infection and the mean death rate is 3%, although there are significant differences according to the country that reports it and patients' baseline conditions that include age, presence of arterial hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes or obesity. In these high risk subjects, mortality might go up to 24%. There are also reports of a recent increase in out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest (OHCA) victims. Cardiac arrest (CA) in these subjects might be related to many causes, but apparently, that phenomenon is related to respiratory diseases rather than cardiac issues. In this context, the decision to start or continue CPR maneuvers has to be carefully assessed, because of the low survival rate reported so far and the high contagion risk among healthcare personnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: La evaluación de la transición desde el medio intrauterino en los recién nacidos se realiza con el puntaje de Apgar (1953), proporciona una evaluación rápida del estado clínico, sin embargo, contiene variables subjetivas en su calificación. El nuevo puntaje de Reanimación y Adaptación Neonatal incorpora intervenciones de la reanimación neonatal. El objetivo fue demostrar la no inferioridad del nuevo puntaje frente al de Apgar. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal que empleó simultáneamente las dos puntuaciones. Con una muestra de 396 neonatos. El análisis univarial usó frecuencias absolutas y relativas y el bivarial usó Curvas ROC para la exactitud diagnóstica y pruebas significancia estadística. Resultados: La necesidad de reanimación fue del 35,6%, de ventilación mecánica del 19,6% y el diagnóstico de asfixia del 22%. La Curva ROC que examinó la variable asfixia mostró un índice de Youden a favor del nuevo puntaje, en el primer y quinto minuto, con similares resultados en las variables ventilación mecánica y reanimación neonatal. Conclusión: el puntaje de Reanimación y Adaptación Neonatal no es inferior al de Apgar en la valoración de asfixia. Al igual que su predecesor reconoce la necesidad de reanimación así como la necesidad de ventilación mecánica en los neonatos con puntuaciones bajas. Es una nueva herramienta de fácil aplicación y comprensión para la determinación del estado de transición en los recién nacidos.

Background: Cardiac arrest (CA) is a serious problem that requires the immediate intervention of third parties using basic life support (BLS). Objectives: To assess higher education health students' knowledge about BLS and analyze the associations between level of knowledge and sociodemographic, academic, and socio-educational variables. Methodology: Quantitative correlational cross-sectional study in a sample of higher education students. Results: The sample consisted of 683 students, with a mean age of 21 years, mostly women. The mean knowledge score was 11.79 points, on a scale of 0 to 20. There was a statistically significant association between the level of knowledge and the program, the year of study, having attended a BLS course/training, and having attended course units with BLS content. Conclusion: The mean scores reflect a sufficient level of knowledge, with the following groups obtaining higher scores: 4th-year students, nursing program, and previous BLS training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Explore programs aimed at the participation of family members in situations of CRP in adults in the out-of-hospital setting. Method: Narrative review of the scientific literature, in primary databases (Scielo, PubMed, Cuiden and Cochrane Plus and CINAHL), using DeCS and MeSH structured language, from 2005 to 2020, in Spanish and English. 23 studies are obtained. Results: Studies show that mourning for family members of a cardiorespiratory arrest in the out-ofhospital setting is less traumatic if they are allowed to be present. Staying with the victim must be ensured unless the professional considers that it is harmful. The advantages of the presence of family members are as much for the family member as for the healthcare team. Despite the existence of a social and ethical need in accordance with the principle of patient autonomy for the implementation of these programs, they hardly exist and this is usually due to the resistance generated by the professionals or managers themselves. Conclusions: In the case of cardiorespiratory arrest in adults in the out-of-hospital setting, the main international scientific societies recommend the implementation of programs for the presence of family members, which makes it a necessity. The scientific literature demonstrates more advantages than disadvantages, fundamentally in terms of better grief in family members and greater satisfaction and less possibility of legal claims in health professionals, promoting the humanization of care that would translate into lower healthcare costs in the prevalence of grief pathological. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-resuscitation (AR) is the return to spontaneous circulation time after the cessation of resuscitation maneuvers, having been abandoned because they were considered unsuccessful. AR is rare in the literature; only 5 cases have been published in the world pediatric population, none reported in the country. The pathophysiological mechanisms are unclear, proposing that conditions such as hyperkalemia, delay in the action of amines, hyperventilation and hypothermia can be causes of the appearance of the phenomenon. An infant with kwashiorkor-type malnutrition and catecholamine-refractory septic shock is presented who, during a second cardiac arrest, presents an event of RA of multicausal origin 15 minutes after the end of the maneuvers. The time of appearance can vary from 3 to 15 minutes, so a 20-minute monitoring is recommended prior to the declaration of death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the course of basic brain-cardiopulmonary resuscitation is included in the curricular design of the undergraduate degree in Medicine, confirming the need to strengthen the learning process in students through the establishment of didactic materials. Objective: to create a complementary leaflet for the study of a basic course for brain-cardiopulmonary resuscitation in Medicine Studies. Method: a pedagogical research was carried out for the basic brain-cardiopulmonary resuscitation during 2018-2019 academic year at Pedro Borrás Astorga University Polyclinic in Pinar del Río city, Cuba, mainly applying dialectical materialistic method; which allowed the use of theoretical and empirical methods. Development: a complementary leaflet was created as a teaching tool for medical students in the first-academic year who are taught the basic course of brain-cardiopulmonary resuscitation; in consequence it guarantees a scientific and professional training, aimed at developing knowledge and skills that are easy to be understood. Conclusions: a complementary leaflet was available for the basic course of brain-cardiopulmonary resuscitation, as well as a valuable educational tool for medicine-students at first-academic year in order to train them professionally into the province or outside it.

Introduction: a system of questions for a particular subject must be able to constantly investigate the relevance of work, promote the acquisition of skills and strengthen a learning capacity. Objective: to develop a system of questions for the study of the basic cardiopulmocerebral resuscitation course itself. Method: a pedagogical investigation was carried out related to the study program of the basic cardiopulmocerebral resuscitation course during the 2018-2019 academic period at the “Pedro Borrás Astorga” University Polyclinic in the city of Pinar del Río, governed by the dialectical materialist method and the use of theoretical and empirical methods. The research was approved by the scientific council and institutional ethics committee. Development: a question system was developed as a tool of the teaching-learning process for students in the first year of the Medicine career who received their own basic cardiopulmocerebral resuscitation course; thereby guaranteeing comprehensive scientific training, with acquisition of knowledge and skills that are easy to understand. Conclusions: a question system was developed for the study of the basic cardiopulmocerebral resuscitation course that represents a valuable educational instrument for first year students of the Medicine career.

A partir del año 2017, la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de la República (UdelaR) incorpora la enseñanza en reanimación cardíaca avanzada como actividad curricular obligatoria durante el Ciclo Internado Rotatorio (CIR). Esto se justifica dada la relevancia que presenta en términos de morbilidad y mortalidad la patología cardiovascular, en particular los paros cardiorrespiratorios y específicamente la muerte súbita. Los cursos de reanimación permiten la adquisición de habilidades técnicas y no técnicas para dar respuesta tanto a esta patología tan prevalente como a la falta de estos cursos en la formación médica. Los objetivos del trabajo son comunicar y evaluar la primera experiencia durante el CIR 2017-2018. Para dichos objetivos se realizó un estudio transversal donde se analizaron los números de participantes y el porcentaje de aprobados. Además, se realizó una encuesta de valoración de autopercepción de habilidades previas y posteriores al curso y una evaluación de conformidad con éste. De los resultados se desprende la amplia aprobación en una primera instancia del curso y la valoración positiva que se realiza. También es positiva la mejora en la autopercepción de habilidades identificadas por los internos. Como debilidad se desprende el uso de un cuestionario no validado y que la evaluación no fue completada por todos los internos, ambos aspectos a mejorar en futuras evaluaciones. Como conclusión, se logró comunicar la experiencia, los cursos de Resucitación cardíaca avanzda (RCA) son una fortaleza en sí mismos y han sido un avance significativo en la formación profesional del futuro médico.

Objective: To synthesize the evidence that compares face-to-face methods with virtual methods for teaching neonatal and infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Material and methods: Systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs), in which health personnel are included for training in CPR. Two authors selected, synthesized and assessed the quality of the studies. Due to the high heterogeneity between studies, no metaanalysis was carried out. Results: Five RCTs that trained 315 people were included: 160 virtual and 155 standard. The studies are different in terms of virtual teaching, type of participants and evaluation of the effectiveness of the interventions. However, in terms of knowledge acquisition, there seems to be no difference between the two educational techniques. In technical skills, the standard form produced better overall performance than using video. On non-technical skills, tele-education generated high levels of satisfaction. Conclusions: There are very few RCTs where the virtual modality has been compared with the face-to-face modality for teaching neonates and infants CPR. Therefore, it is necessary to increase research to determine if the virtual modality is effective for CPR, both in knowledge and skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To verify the knowledge of high school students about cardiopulmonary arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation and to evaluate learning immediately and late after theoretical and practical training. Methods: Longitudinal, prospective, quantitative experimental study, carried out in a public and a private institution, using a questionnaire on basic life support. The statistics were descriptive and inferential by the Friedman and Mann Whitney tests. Results: The students had insufficient knowledge, showing a significant improvement immediately and late. The two institutions had an equivalent performance in terms of correct answers in the immediate and late post-training periods. The stop signs, resuscitation maneuvers and steps to use the external defibrillator had lower success rates. Conclusion: After training, students demonstrated knowledge to act in the face of cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) depends on the systematization of actions, which are apply on cardiac arrest (PCR); such as the Basic Life Support (BLS). Therefore, the development of training in this field, aiming the spread of standardization of BLS, is especially important to achieve quality in CPR. This study aimed to describe the experience of Master's students of the Graduate Program in Nursing and Health of a Public University of the State of Bahia to develop a BLS workshop, which was administrated to health students. The workshop proposal on BLS was to promote a theoretical-practical approach based on reality. In this sense, a dialogued lecture was held, using audiovisual resources, containing the following theoretical contents: Epidemiology of diseases of the circulatory system; Symptomatology of an individual in PCR; Steps for recognizing a PCR situation; Evaluation sequence and conduct at each moment; Use of External Automated Defibrillator (AED) and Heimlich Maneuver in adults. It is of fundamental importance that the whole society has knowledge about the Basic Life Support protocols, since anyone can deal with an urgent or emergency situations, thus previous experience can be effective to help the victim. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nursing at the Vanguard / Revista Enfermería a la Vanguardia (REVAN) is the property of Revista Enfermeria a la Vanguardia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Community health workers are considered a professional health category in Brazil who are in direct daily contact with community users and, therefore, more likely to face emergency or first aid situations. Objective: To assess the level of knowledge and confidence of community health workers on first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Materials and Methods: A descriptive quantitative study was conducted between June and October 2018 in 22 Family Health Centers in a city in Ceará, Brazil with 186 community agents grouped as follows: a group that has already received training on these matters and another group that has not had such training. For data collection, a questionnaire containing the following items was administered: 1) sample characterization; 2) questions on cardiopulmonary resuscitation; 4) questions on first aid; 4) confidence scale. Results: A significant difference among both groups was found in questions related to the knowledge of the four items, especially for explaining CPR, checking for responsiveness of an unconscious person, the sequence for placing hands and arms in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and rotating resuscitators. Regarding first aid, a statistically significant difference was also found in four items related to first aid questions when attending a victim in an emergency such as convulsions, drowning and choking in children. Both groups showed low confidence to intervene in cardiac, neurological and respiratory emergencies. Conclusions: Research results indicate that there is a lack of knowledge among community health workers to respond effectively to situations involving cardiopulmonary resuscitation and first aid, which is also associated with low confidence to perform interventions in emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Early intervention in a cardiorespiratory arrest by a witness significantly increases survival. That is why early training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may be essential. Therefore, the aim of this study is the development and validation of an instrument to assess CPR knowledge and skills for schoolchildren from 5 to 8 years old. Method: We used a Spanish sample with 164 children aged between 5 and 8 years old. These children received a workshop called the "CPR from my school" program and their knowledge of CPR was assessed pre- and post-Workshop. We examined the scale through psychometric analyses within the framework of Classical Test Theory. Results: The Nonide Scale provided evidence of content validity, revealed an essentially unidimensional internal structure, as well as excellent reliability (O = .87). Furthermore, a significant improvement was observed in scores, before and after the CPR Workshop. Conclusions: The Nonide Scale, designed to measure CPR knowledge and acquired skills in children from 5 to 8 years old, shows adequate psychometric properties, hence it can be used as professional and research contexts require. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the knowledge of nursing students in situations of cardiorespiratory arrest (CRA), according to the Brazilian literature. For this, an integrative descriptive and exploratory review was carried out at the Virtual Health Library. Articles in Portuguese, available in full, published between 2012 and 2017 were included in the research. In total, ten articles made up the sample. Thus, it was possible to identify nursing students who have heterogeneous levels of knowledge about CRA, since they present important changes in the percentage of correct and incorrect answers in the discussion points of the analyzed articles. In addition, feelings of inability to act appear as an aspect highlighted by some students in these studies. These reports may point to the need for more effective training for these professionals, in view of the importance of nursing performance in the face of patients in CRA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Realizar soporte vital básico (SVB) en el lugar donde se ha producido un accidente es vital, especialmente cuando el tiempo de respuesta de los servicios de emergencia es elevado. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue evaluar los conocimientos en SVB del profesorado de educación infantil, primaria y secundaria de Galicia (España). Nuestro estudio es un estudio descriptivo transversal, que se realizó mediante un cuestionario dividido en dos partes: datos demográficos y preguntas relacionadas con el conocimiento teórico en SVB. Participaron en el estudio 476 profesores (122 hombres y 354 mujeres, de los cuales, 132 era profesorado de educación infantil, 191 de primaria y 153 de secundaria con edades comprendidas entre 25 y 65 años (M = 44.19, DE= 9.19). Los datos revelan que un 52.1% de los participantes recibió formación en algún momento. Respecto a la RCP en adultos, solamente un 10.1% supo cuál era la relación de ventilación y compresión (CV) correcta; un 5.7% conocía la velocidad de compresión (VC), y un 4.8%, la profundidad (P) para realizar una RCP de calidad. En cuanto a la RCP para niños, solo un 4.8% supo cuál era la CV correcta; un 3.6%, conocía la VC, y un 4.8% la P. Sobre la utilización del DEA, un 3.2% supo cuál era la secuencia adecuada de uso y el 75.4% supo cuál es el teléfono de emergencias. En base a los resultados concluimos que nivel de conocimiento teórico de SVB entre el profesorado en activo de Galicia es deficiente. Abstract. Performing basic life support (BLS) in the place where an accident has occurred is vital, especially when the response time of emergency services is high. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge on BLS of teachers of early childhood, primary and secondary education in Galicia (Spain). Our study is a cross-sectional descriptive study, which was carried out using a questionnaire divided into two parts: demographic data and questions related to theoretical knowledge in BLS. A total of 476 teachers participated in the study (122 men and 354 women). Pre-school teachers accounted for 132 participants, 191 were primary education teachers, and 153 were secondary education teachers, with ages between 25 and 65 years old (M = 44.19, SD = 9.19). The data shows that 52.1% of the participants received training at some point. Regarding CPR in adults, only 10.1% knew what was the correct ventilation and compression ratio (VC); 5.7% knew the speed of compression (SC), and 4.8%, the depth (D) to perform quality CPR. Regarding CPR for children, only 4.8% knew which was the correct VC; 3.6%, knew the SC, and 4.8% the D. About the use of AED, 3.2% of the participants knew what was the correct sequence of use and 75.4% knew which is the emergency telephone number. Based on the results we conclude that the level of theoretical knowledge of SVB among the active teaching staff in Galicia is very poor.

Cell suffer structural and metabolic changes in stress situations,which allow them to maintain an adequate homeostasis and avoid death . This bibliographic review had the objective of describing the main morph-physiological changes which occur in cardiac failure and cardiac-pulmonary-cerebral resuscitation. The method was documentary reviewing (database Regional SciELO, PubMed, Cochrane and Infomed), developed during the first semester of 2018. Twenty eight references were selected. It was concluded that there are cellular changes during circulatory stop, the procedures of resuscitation and re-perfusion. In cardiac failure, cellular changes are expressed in all the organelles. And may cause death due to necroses. During re-perfusion new structural changes occur, for calcium entrance, sodium disturbances, production of free radicals and swelling. Morph.physiological changes depend on previous metabolic condition, time of cardiac failure and the successful establishment of resuscitation measures.

Foundation: the correct execution of cardiac-pulmonary-cerebral resuscitation modifies cardiac failure survival, thus counting on qualified personnel is decisive for that. Objective: to determine the knowledge of the nursing personnel about actions towards cardiac-pulmonary-cerebral resuscitation. Method: a longitudinal, prospective and descriptive study was developed at the Provincial Center of Medical Emergencies in the Cienfuegos Hospital during the years 2014 and 2017. In both years, the same questionnaire was applied containing questions about the nursing actions in cardiac- pulmonary-cerebral resuscitation, after an educative intervention with the new guideline of clinical practice. Results: 82 nurses constituted the group; mainly university graduates (67.1 %) and with ≥ 10 years of experience in the emergency service. From de 19 defined actions for cardiac- pulmonary-cerebral resuscitation and includes those of an action guideline, 15 (78.94 %) had 100% correct answers in both Conclusion: the level of knowledge for basic, specific and complementary actions in cardiac- pulmonary-cerebral resuscitation in nursing personnel was high, mainly in the second measurement. In this situation, it could have influenced the availability of an action protocol, the frequent training in real situations and the employment stability for more than 10 years of the emergency service personnel.

Foundation: Medical clinical emergencies constitute a Health problem worldwide; one of the solutions for reducing its lethality is that professionals of this field know the basics and advanced elements for its early diagnosis and care. The project for training and research in life support in emergencies and disasters may be an academic framework to achieve it.Objective: to update for the Project, the guidelines and teaching strategies for training advanced life support to clinical emergencies.Method: a workshop was developed with 14 experts, which was hold during the days 10th and 11th 2018 in Cienfuegos. The techniques of brain storming and nominal group were applied, so as the semi structured questionnaire.Development: the objectives, teaching aspects, contents, scope, skills to be developed, future research and areas of institutional collaboration were proposed. It was defined the structure for a model course for teaching the topic and the main elements for its execution.Conclusion: academic proposals for the course advanced life support allow a better approach for teaching advanced life support to different clinical emergencies, for health professionals who are in charge of caring to patients with these diseases.

Foundation: cardio-respiratory failure in the child is considered a Health problem. The most important determinant for survival is the presence of a trained individual to performer cardio-pulmonary-cerebral resuscitation. In the framework of the project Training and research for life support in Emergencies and disasters, updating guidelines for teaching pediatric and neonatal life support may contribute to resuscitation success and quality survival.Objective: to update the guidelines and strategies for teaching pediatric and neonatal life support.Method: a National Workshop with ten experts and three key informers, during the 10th and 11th of July 2018 in Cienfuegos. Brain storming and nominal group were used as techniques and it was applied a semi-structured questionnaire with previous documentary review.Development: objectives, didactic aspects, teaching strategy, contents, scope, and skills to develop for teaching pediatric and neonatal life support. It was defined the structure a model course for teaching the topic and the main considerations for its execution.Conclusion: academic proposals for the course Advanced pediatric and neonatal life support allow approaching the pediatric patient in emergency situations by the assisting medical personnel.

Fundamento: La parada cardiorespiratoria en el niño es considerada un problema de salud. El determinante más importante para la supervivencia es la presencia del individuo entrenado para efectuar las maniobras de reanimación cardiopulmocerebral. En el marco del proyecto Formación e investigación en apoyo vital en emergencias y desastres, la actualización de las guías para la enseñanza del apoyo vital pediátrico y neonatal puede contribuir al éxito de la resucitación y sobrevida con calidad.Objetivo: actualizar las guías y estrategia docente para la enseñanza del apoyo vital pediátrico y neonatal.Métodos: se realizó un taller nacional con diez expertos y tres informantes clave, los días 10 y 11 de julio del 2018 en Cienfuegos. Se utilizaron las técnicas de tormenta de ideas y grupo nominal, y se aplicó un cuestionario semiestructurado con revisión documental previa.Desarrollo: se conciliaron los objetivos, aspectos didácticos, estrategia docente, contenidos, alcance y habilidades a desarrollar para la enseñanza del apoyo vital pediátrico y neonatal. Se definió la estructura de un curso prototipo para la enseñanza del tema y las principales consideraciones para su ejecución.Conclusión: las propuestas académicas para el curso Apoyo vital avanzado pediátrico y neonatal permiten el abordaje de la enseñanza en la atención del paciente pediátrico en situaciones de emergencia por el personal médico de asistencia.

Las células realizan transformaciones estructurales y metabólicas ante situaciones de estrés, lo que les permite mantener una adecuada homeostasis y evitar la muerte. La presente revisión bibliográfica tuvo como objetivo describir los principales cambios morfofisiológicos celulares que acontecen en la parada cardiaca y reanimación cardiopulmocerebral. El método incluyó una revisión documental (bases de datos SciELO Regional, PubMed, Cochrane e Infomed), realizada durante el primer semestre del 2018. Fueron seleccionadas 28 referencias. Se concluye que existen cambios celulares durante el cese circulatorio, las maniobras de resucitación y en la reperfusión. En la parada cardiaca, los cambios celulares se expresan en todos los organelos y puede llevar a muerte por necrosis. Durante la reperfusión se producen nuevos cambios estructurales, por entrada de calcio, alteraciones en sodio, producción de radicales libres e inflamación. Los cambios morfofisiológicos dependerán del estado metabólico previo, el tiempo de parada cardiaca y la instauración eficaz de medidas de resucitación.