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The research examined the effects of personal variables, psychological capital and Hardy Personality (HP), using exhaustion and vigor as criterion variables, reviewing two studies, one of 427 nurses (Spain) and another of 253 teachers (Perú). The results showed significant direct and moderating effects of personal variables on exhaustion and vigor, with a greater effect on vigor. The commitment variable (HP) is the only one that had significant effects on both samples. The discussion emphasizes the importance of positive personal variables to explain exhaustion and vigor, particularly the latter.

Actualizaciones y revisiones [ES] El escenario laboral actual marcado por la globalidad y la inestabilidad genera unas condiciones que hace que muchos profesionales experimenten frustración y un alto nivel de tensión emocional, que conlleva un aumento de los niveles de estrés laboral y del desgaste profesional. La importancia del estudio del estrés laboral y el burnout ha incrementado en los últimos años la productividad científica en estos temas. Se ha realizado por ello una revisión de la literatura para ofrecer una visión global y actualizada de ambos procesos. Se muestran los principales modelos y las variables de estudio vigentes así como las principales líneas más actuales de intervención que se vienen desarrollando hasta la fecha.[En] Today´s workplace is constantly changing. Organizations are confronted with multiple challenges, brought by globalization and instability. This situation causes many professionals to experience frustration and a high level of emotional tension, which may easily lead to increased levels of occupational stress and burnout. The importance of studying occupational stress and burnout has led to an increase in the scientific productivity in these areas during the last years. The present literature review provides an overview and update of both occupational stress and burnout processes. The main models are presented as well as the current variables in study. The main lines of intervention that have been developed to date are also reviewed. No

Vitality and inner resources as relevant components of psychological well-being. The multidimensional model of well-being, created by Carol Ryff, proposes the following dimensions to study psychological well-being (PSWB): self-acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and personal growth. One of the main criticisms aimed at this proposal is that it is based on excessive ethnocentrism in the operationalization of the PSWB construct linked to contemporary individual societies. Because of this, the first aim of this study was to extend the PSWB model with two dimensions: inner resources and vitality. Through a cross-validation approach, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. The results showed better psychometric data in reliability and validity for the scales of the extended model of PSWB. To examine the PSWB construct in depth, we conducted a second study to analyze the relationship between the extended version of PSWB and subjective well-being models, and their predictive capacity of positive and negative human functioning, i.e., self-esteem and depression. Results showed complementation and compensation effects from both models that denote their close connection and singularity.

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of several personality variables (empathy, comprehensibility, challenge and sense of humour) as moderators of the relationship of job demands (traumatic task and overload) with secondary traumatic stress. 175 emergency professionals of the Community of Madrid completed the Secondary Traumatic Stress Measure (STSM). The results of the hierarchical multiple regression analysis provide evidence for the moderator role of personality variables in the secondary traumatic stress process. Lastly, the discussion emphasises the need to focus on the interaction between personality and job demand variables in order to advance our understanding of the process of trauma in emergency professionals.

This article aims to provide researchers interested in using Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Wellbeing with additional information to make an informed decision on the scales and items to use. It builds on the discussion in the literature on the six factor structure of this measure. An alternative shortened version of this wellbeing measure (Van Dierendonck 2004). Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 629–643) was analyzed in a combined Spanish language sample from Spain and Columbia. Using confirmatory factor analysis, one-, two-, three- and six-factor models were compared. The results showed that indeed four out the six dimensions overlapped considerably. Nevertheless, the model that fit the data best was the six factor model with one underlying second order well-being factor, hereby confirming Ryff’s model in a non-Anglo–Saxon culture.

The aim of this work is to evaluate four programs to reduce anxiety in medically ill patients: psicoeducative, cognitive, behavioural or control. One hundred and seventy seven patients from the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán were assigned randomly to one of this programs and were evaluated before and after them with the Anxiety Hamilton Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Program effectiveness was evaluated with descriptive and a Pre-post difference mean analysis. Results show that the program that obtained the best results in reducing anxiety levels was the Psicoeducative Program, reducing significantly the anxiety levels evaluated with both measures. This indicates that in patients that assist to a general hospital, the combination of different psychological techniques such as providing information to the patient, relaxation training and other cognitive strategies are effective in reducing tension, worries, nervousness and levels of anxiety related with their illness.

The aim of this paper is to adapt to Spanish the D. van Direndonck version of Carol Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scales, and to analyse its consistency and factorial validity. All the scales exhibited good internal reliabilities, with Cronbach alpha's ranging from 0.83 (Self-acceptance) to 0.68 (Personal growth). However, confirmatory factor analyses didn't corroborate the six-factor model (Self-acceptance, Positive relations, Autonomy, Environmental mastery, Purpose in life, and Personal growth) with a second order factor called Psychological Well-Being . To improve the psychometric properties, a new reduced version was proposed that indeed will facilitate the application. The scales of the new version maintain and raise its internal consistency (Cronbach alpha's 0.84 to 0.70). Furthermore, the scales shown an excellent fit to the theoretical model proposed by D. van Dierendonck.

En los últimos años, el acoso psicológico en el trabajo (bullying o mobbing) ha recibido una atención constante y ha sido reconocido como un importante problema social. El objetivo de este estudio consiste en analizar de forma exploratoria si existen diferencias de género tanto en el acoso psicológico como en sus dimensiones. Los datos fueron recogidos con el cuestionario de "Acoso Psicológico en el Trabajo" (Moreno-Jiménez, Rodríguez-Muñoz, Garrosa, Morante & Rodríguez, 2004), en una muestra de 103 trabajadores de la Comunidad de Madrid. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres en Acoso Psicológico, Aislamiento Social y Desacreditación. Estos datos apoyan la hipótesis de que el hecho de ser mujer supone un riesgo adicional para sufrir acoso psicológico.

Surface acting (SA) refers to the strategy whereby front-line employees hide their own emotions and fake those required of them within their role within customer service transactions. Although researchers have associated SA with burnout, evidence now suggests that this could be an indirect relationship. Building on the Conservation of Resources theory, it was hypothesised that the combined effect of emotional effort and lack of rewarding interactions with customers triggered by SA would explain the strong association between SA and burnout (Studies 1 and 2). Furthermore, building on psychological recovery literature, it was hypothesised that the effort invested in SA would be a weaker predictor of front-line employees’ burnout in cases when they reported higher levels of recovery ability as opposed to lower levels (Study 2). A cross-national and cross-sectional design was used, and participants were theme park employees from UK (Study 1, NUK =204) and Spain (Study 2, NSpain=211). The explanatory role of emotional effort and rewarding interactions was supported, and the buffering effect of recovery ability was confirmed. Strategies aimed at minimising burnout risk for employees who deal with customers on a regular basis in these countries are discussed.