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This paper explores wind energy control systems, with a special emphasis on the implementation of Enhanced Direct Torque Control (DTC) in wind turbines that use Doubly Fed Induction Machines (DFIM). The main goals are to improve the turbines' ability to withstand voltage fluctuations in the power grid and remove the need for crowbar protection by including an LCL filter. The study highlights the crucial importance of Enhanced DTC in ensuring the steady functioning of turbines under demanding grid circumstances, including as voltage swings. The use of an LCL filter is crucial in reducing high-frequency elements, thereby minimizing the effects of voltage dips. Furthermore, the research emphasizes the enhanced control structure produced via the removal of crowbar protection, eventually enhancing the dependability of the system. Finally, the proposed work enhances the optimization of wind turbines that use DFIM technology by using sophisticated control algorithms. This adds to improving the efficiency and sustainability of wind energy production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil microbial communities are important drivers of biogeochemical cycling of nutrients, organic matter decomposition, soil organic carbon, and Greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs: CO2, N2O, and CH4) and are influenced by crop and soil management practices. The knowledge on the impact of conservation agriculture (CA) on soil bacterial diversity, nutrient availability, and GHG emissions in semiarid regions under rainfed conditions is vital to develop sustainable agricultural practices, but such information has not been systemically documented. Hence, studies were conducted for 10 years in rainfed pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.)-- castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) cropping system under semi-arid conditions to assess the effects of tillage and crop residue levels on the soil bacterial diversity, enzyme activity (Dehydrogenase, urease, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase), GHG emissions, and soil available nutrients (Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium). Sequencing of soil DNA through Illumina HiSeqbased 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technology has revealed that bacterial community responded to both tillage and residue levels. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria in terms of Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTUs) at phyla, class as well as genera level was higher in CA (NTR1: No Tillage + 10 cm anchored residue and NTR2 NT + 30 cm anchored residue) over CT (conventional tillage without crop residues). CA resulted in higher enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, urease, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase) and reduction in GHG emissions over CT. CA recorded 34% higher and 3% lower OC, as compared to CT, and CTR1, respectively. CA recorded 10, 34, and 26% higher available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium over CT and CTR1, respectively. NTR1 recorded 25 and 38% lower N2O emissions as compared to CTR1 and CTR2, respectively. Whereas only NT recorded 12% higher N2O emissions as compared to CT. Overall, the results of the study indicate that CA improves the relative abundance of soil bacterial communities, nutrient availability, and enzyme activities, and may help to contribute to the mitigation of climate change, and sustainability in rainfed areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]