66 results on '"Ramasamy Pitchappan"'
Search Results
52. HLA DR2 alleles and haplotypes unique to India?
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Ramasamy Pitchappan, Juraj Ivanyi, and Veerabadran Dheenadhayalan
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Genetics ,Immunology ,Haplotype ,Immunology and Allergy ,General Medicine ,Allele - Published
- 1996
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53. Analysis of the development of the lizard, Calotes versicolor. II. Histogenesis of the thymus
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Ramasamy Pitchappan and V. R. Muthukkaruppan
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Aging ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Pharyngeal pouch ,Immunology ,Lizards ,Thymus Gland ,Anatomy ,Biology ,Histogenesis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Lymphatic system ,Cortex (anatomy) ,embryonic structures ,medicine ,Animals ,Lymphocytes ,Blood islands ,Lymphopoiesis ,Stem cell ,Yolk sac ,Germ Layers ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
The origin, histogenesis and lymphopoiesis of the thymus have been studied in the lizard, Calotes versicolor. The thymic rudiments arise as bilateral epithelial thickenings from the second and third pharyngeal pouches. Stem cells, characterized by their basophilic cytoplasm and prominent nucleoli, were first identified in the yolk sac blood islands and in the circulation of the lizard embryo at stage 28. Later, stem cells were observed in the epithelial thymic rudiments at stage 35. Large and then small lymphocytes appeared in the thymus at stage 36 and 37. Differentiation into cortex and medulla began by the accumulation of lymphocytes in the peripheral region of the organ (the cortex) from stage 38 onwards. Lymphocytes are drained from the thymus after lymphatic vessels form at stage 38. The sequential events in the developing cellularity of the thymic primordium, suggest the origin of thymic lymphocytes from blood borne stem cells. These findings are discussed from a phylogenetic perspective. more...
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- 1977
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54. Procedure for thymectomy in the lizard,Calotes versicolor
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V. R. Muthukkaruppan and Ramasamy Pitchappan
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medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,Lizard ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Forceps ,Anatomy ,Sternomastoid Muscle ,Surgery ,Thymectomy ,medicine.artery ,biology.animal ,cardiovascular system ,medicine ,Internal carotid artery ,Calotes versicolor ,business ,Internal jugular vein ,Hypoglossal nerve - Abstract
The procedure for thymectomy in the lizard,C. versicolor has been described. The thymus is situated in the cervical region, attached to the midventral aspect of the internal jugular vein. It is medial to the hypoglossal nerve, dorsal to the internal carotid artery, anterior to the ductus caroticus and caudal to the acute angle formed by the hypoglossal nerve and the internal jugular vein. Sodium pentobarbital and ether were used as anaesthetics. The thymus was approached through a lateral incision in the cervical region. The intervening sternomastoid muscle was pushed aside and the thymus was removed using a pair of fine forceps. Streptopenicillin powder was sprinkled over this area to avoid infection and the wound was closed with a film of kollodium. The feasibility of applying this surgical procedure for the ablation of other organs in the lizard is discussed. more...
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- 1976
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55. Susceptibility of major groups of Tamil Nadu to diseases: 1. Psoriasis vulgaris
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M. Manickasundari, A. Koteeswaran, V. Rajaram, V. N. Kakkaniah, and Ramasamy Pitchappan
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Ethnic group ,Physiology ,Disease ,Human leukocyte antigen ,Ethnic origin ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,language.human_language ,Antigen ,Tamil ,Relative risk ,Psoriasis ,Genetics ,language ,medicine - Abstract
Eighty-three patients with psoriasis vulgaris, living in Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India, were studied for HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DR and HLA-DQ antigen frequencies and compared with seventy-seven controls studied using the same batch of reagents. A highly significant increase of frequency of HLA-Bw57, a split of HLA-B 17, was found in the patients; Bw58, another split of B17, was absent. Relative risk was high for A1, B17, Bw57 and DR7 individuals; it was highest for Bw57. Frequencies of the haplotypesAl-Bw57 andDR7-DQw3 were also significantly higher in patients. Analysis of the HLA data based on ethnic differences identified as major groups revealed high relative risk for B17, Bw57 and DR7 only in major group III, a Western brachycephal Armenoid group, but not in major group II, a Mediterranean one thought to be an earlier settler of this region. Analysis of the data based on age and sex subgroups yielded interesting information. The age at onset of the disease in the total patient sample showed a bimodal distribution. The two sexes differed in their age-at-onset distributions: females showed a preponderance of early onset of the disease ( 30 years of age, 71%). HLA data for the early-onset patients indicate very high relative risk for B17, Bw57 and DR7. This suggests that psoriasis may be influenced by sex, and that the early-onset and late-onset forms of the disease may be of different aetiopathogenesis. These observations stress the importance of considering the ethnic origin or composition of samples, and age, sex and other parameters in HLA and disease association studies. more...
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- 1989
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56. Founder effects explain the distribution of the HLAA1-B17 but not the absence of theA1-B8 haplotypes in India
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Ramasamy Pitchappan
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Genetics ,Linkage disequilibrium ,Natural selection ,Sympatric speciation ,Endogamy ,Haplotype ,Caste ,Human leukocyte antigen ,Biology ,Founder effect - Abstract
The HLA system may play an important role in natural selection processes through its involvement in immune response and because of the HLA association of some diseases. Linkage disequilibrium in the HLA system poses many interesting questions. India. a melting pot of races and cultures in sympatric isolation, provides an ideal opportunity to study these aspects. Linkage disequilibrium and haplotype data are valuable in the comparison of various populations. An analysis of the available HLA A-B haplotype data for the Indian population documents the heterogeneous nature of the latter: each endogamous caste group, major group or even regional group has its characteristic haplotype profile. The haplotypeA1-B17 is present in most Indian populations butA10-B8 occurs mostly in North India: this may be a consequence of founder effects. The haplotypeAl-B8 a typical Caucasian haplotype, is absent in the Indian subcontinent: this may be due to the selective disadvantageA1-B8 confers in the Indian environment. The different regional and caste groups of India possessing diverse haplolype combinations provide an ideal opportunity to evaluate the selective values of these haplotypes and to study human immunogenetics. more...
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- 1988
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57. On the phylogeny of splenic structure and function
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Ramasamy Pitchappan
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Text mining ,Splenic structure ,business.industry ,Phylogenetics ,Immunology ,Computational biology ,Biology ,business ,Function (biology) ,Developmental Biology - Published
- 1980
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58. HLA antigens in South India: I. Major groups of Tamil Nadu
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Rajashekar R, Arulraj N, Ramasamy Pitchappan, Kakkanaiah Vn, and V. R. Muthukkaruppan
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education.field_of_study ,Traditional medicine ,Immunology ,Haplotype ,Population ,Caste ,India ,Disease Association ,General Medicine ,Human leukocyte antigen ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,language.human_language ,Gene Frequency ,HLA Antigens ,Healthy individuals ,Tamil ,Ethnicity ,Genetics ,language ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,education ,Demography - Abstract
HLA-A, B profile of 385 normal healthy individuals living in Tamil Nadu, India was studied by microlymphocytotoxicity testing. Antigen, gene and haplotype frequencies of this population were calculated and compared to those already available in the literature. The sample was further divided into four major groups and the frequencies calculated. Genetic distances between the various major groups were also calculated: the analyses suggest that these different groups may differ by origin. The study further reveals that in any HLA genetic and disease association studies in India, one should give due consideration to the caste system of the sample studied. more...
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- 1984
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59. In vitro properties of heterologous anti-lizard thymocyte serum
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V. R. Muthukkaruppan and Ramasamy Pitchappan
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Cytolysis ,Thymocyte ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Antigen ,Immunology ,medicine ,Heterologous ,Cytotoxic T cell ,Spleen ,Biology ,Cytotoxicity ,Molecular biology ,In vitro - Abstract
A potent and specific antiserum was raised in rabbits by injecting a single cell suspension of thymocytes of the lizard,Calotes versicolor. Rabbit anti-Calotes thymocyte serum (ATS) was characterizedin vitro by using cytotoxicity assay and quantitative absorption analysis. The cytolytic activity of ATS was always higher towards thymocytes than towards lymphoid cells of spleen, bone-marrow and peripheral blood. Various absorption experiments indicate the existence of two antigens among thymocytes—one distinct for thymocytes and thymus derived cells and another, common to lymphocytes. Further, thymus-brain antigenic correlation has been demonstrated in this reptilian species. TheCalotes complement is less efficient than that of guinea pig in mediating the cytolysis of target cells by ATS. Further, ATS did not have cytotoxic effect on antibody producing cells. The significance of these findings has been discussed with reference to the dichotomy of lymphoid systems at this phylogenetic level. more...
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- 1977
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60. HLA Bw57 and DR7 association with psoriasis vulgaris in south India
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M. Manickasundari, A. Koteeswaran, V. Mahendran, V. N. Kakkaniah, V. Rajaram, V. Brahmajothibai, Ramasamy Pitchappan, and P. Muthuveeralakshmi
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Adult ,Male ,business.industry ,Immunology ,HLA-DR7 Antigen ,India ,Late onset ,General Medicine ,Disease ,Human leukocyte antigen ,medicine.disease ,Biochemistry ,Phenotype ,HLA-B Antigens ,Psoriasis ,Genetics ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,Humans ,Female ,business ,Early onset - Abstract
Eighty-three south Indian patients with psoriasis vulgaris were studied for HLA antigen frequencies and compared with 77 controls studied simultaneously. HLA Bw57, a split of B17 was found elevated in the patients. The two sexes differed in their age-at-onset curves: females had a preponderance to early onset of the disease, while the males had late onset. Among these patients, major group 3, a Western Brachycephal Armenoid group, revealed the highest risk for B17 & Bw57 but not major group 2, a Mediterranean one. more...
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- 1989
61. HLA antigens in South India: II. Selected caste groups of Tamil Nadu
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Ramasamy Pitchappan, Rajasekar R, and Kakkanaiah Vn
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education.field_of_study ,Immunology ,Haplotype ,Population ,Caste ,India ,General Medicine ,Human leukocyte antigen ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,language.human_language ,Genetic distance ,HLA-A3 ,Antigen ,Gene Frequency ,Haplotypes ,HLA Antigens ,Tamil ,Genetics ,language ,Immunology and Allergy ,Humans ,education ,Demography - Abstract
HLA-A, B antigen and haplotype frequencies were studied in four different caste groups of Tamil Nadu living in Madurai. A total number of 101 Nadars, 36 Kallars, 54 Iyers and 57 Telugu-speaking Naidus were studied. HLA A3 and B15 were significantly higher in Nadars; A10 & B8 in Kallars and Aw19, B12 & B35 in Iyers. HLA A-B haplotypes A10-B7, A28-B17 & A24-B- were characteristic of Nadars; A10-B8 & A1-B-, Kallars; Aw19-B12 & A1-B15, Iyers and A2-B-, Naidus. Negative linkage disequilibria for Aw19-B7, A28-B15 & A9-B51 were significant in Nadars; A1-B5, A1-B12 & Aw19-B- in Iyers and A2-B17 in Naidus. Heterogeneity chi-square based on antigen frequency and genetic distance also suggest the heterogeneous nature of the population of South India. Will these caste groups with such diverse haplotypic combinations differ from one another in their immune response and susceptibility to a given epidemic or infection? more...
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- 1987
62. Effect of oestradiol dipropionate on the immune system of the pigeon, Columba livia
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Selvaraj P and Ramasamy Pitchappan
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cellular immunity ,Rosette Formation ,Lymphoid Tissue ,Immunology ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Endogeny ,Biology ,In Vitro Techniques ,Rosette (botany) ,Immune system ,Sex Factors ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Columbidae ,Estradiol ,Hemagglutination ,Age Factors ,Histology ,Lymphatic system ,Endocrinology ,Immune System ,Humoral immunity ,Antibody Formation ,Cell Migration Inhibition ,Female ,Developmental Biology ,Hormone - Abstract
Influence of female sex hormone, oestradiol dipropionate on the humoral and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses of pigeon, Columba livia of different age groups and of both sexes were studied. The pigeons were administered with the hormone, immunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and rosette forming cell (RFC), haemagglutinin (HA) and migration inhibition (MI) assays carried out on different days post-immunization. The hormone showed a differential effect:while the RFC and HA were enhanced in 1- month old hormone administered female pigeons, they were normal in 3 or 4 month old birds. The MI response was however depressed in both age groups, and the thymus and bursa were involuted. The hormonal influence was marginal in males: the hormone administered 1-month old male showed an elevated RFC level. The three month old males showed a depressed MI. Among the lymphoid organs, the bursal weight was enhanced. It is thus evident that the influence of female sex hormone oestradiol dipropionate on the immune system depends on the age and sex of the pigeons, persumably because of the endogenous hormonal levels. more...
- Published
- 1985
63. Characteristics of heterologous anti lizard (Calotes versicolor) thymocyte serum which identify the functions of thymus-derived cell lineage
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M. Manickasundari and Ramasamy Pitchappan
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Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ,Lineage (genetic) ,medicine.medical_treatment ,T-Lymphocytes ,Immunology ,Heterologous ,Immunoglobulins ,Lizards ,Biology ,Thymectomy ,Molecular biology ,Thymocyte ,Antigen ,biology.protein ,medicine ,Splenocyte ,Animals ,Rabbits ,Antibody ,Cytotoxicity ,Spleen ,Developmental Biology ,Antilymphocyte Serum - Abstract
In an attempt to study the functions of thymus derived cell lineage, two different heterologous anti-lizard thymocyte sera (ATS i.v. & ATS i.p) were raised by immunizing rabbits with viable thymocytes of Calotes versicolor. Cytotoxicity assay, nylon wool fractionation and thymectomy were employed to assess the effect of these ATS on lymphoid cells of the lizards. The results revealed that ATS i.v. contained minimum amount of irrelevant antibodies than ATS i.p; non-adherent splenocytes were enriched with ATS sensitive cells, whereas the adherent with SIg+; adult thymectomy decreased ATS sensitive cells in spleens and the density of thymic antigen (identified by the ATS) in splenic thymus derived cell lineage was much higher than on thymocytes themselves. The cells of thymic lineage identified by the ATS thus resemble those of higher vertebrates. more...
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- 1987
64. Post-hatching development of the immune system of the pigeon, Columba livia
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Selvaraj P and Ramasamy Pitchappan
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Male ,Hatching ,Immunology ,Age Factors ,Immunity ,Organ Size ,Biology ,Blood Cell Count ,Immune system ,Immune System ,Animals ,Female ,Columbidae ,Gonads ,Developmental Biology - Published
- 1988
65. Studies on T-cells of the lizard, Calotes versicolor: adherent and non-adherent populations of the spleen
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M. Manickasundari, Ramasamy Pitchappan, and Selvaraj P
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Male ,T-Lymphocytes ,Immunology ,Population ,Heterologous ,Spleen ,Cell Separation ,Antibodies ,Microbiology ,Antigen ,Antigen specific ,biology.animal ,medicine ,Splenocyte ,Cell Adhesion ,Animals ,education ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Lizard ,Lizards ,Nylons ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cell Migration Inhibition ,Female ,Immunization ,Calotes versicolor ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
The Nylon-wool adherent and non-adherent populations of splenocytes obtained from both normal and immunized lizards were subjected to treatment with heterologous anti-thymocyte serum (ATS) and their capacity to migrate in-vitro out of capillary tubes and to mediate cell mediated immunity (CMI) as adjudged by migration inhibition method studied. It was found that the non-adherent splenocytes migrate faster and this migration is inhibited by ATS treatment. Further, the property of mediating antigen specific migration inhibition (MI) resides with this non-adherent population and this property is abolished by ATS treatment. In contrast, the adherent splenocytes migrate little, do not mediate MI and are not susceptible to ATS. It is clear from the study that the non-adherent splenocyte population is enriched for ATS sensitivity and that the same population from immunized lizards is effective in inhibiting migration of indicator splenocytes in the presence of antigen. These cells may very well be a population of T-cells similar to that of higher vertebrates. more...
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- 1984
66. The Basque Paradigm: Genetic Evidence of a Maternal Continuity in the Franco-Cantabrian Region since Pre-Neolithic Times
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Lluis Quintana-Murci, Christine Harmant, Doron M. Behar, Wolfgang Haak, Mannis van Oven, Begoña Martínez-Cruz, David Comas, Bernard Oyharçabal, Jasone Salaberria, Frédéric Bauduer, Jeremy Manry, Institut Pasteur, National Geographic Society, Conseil régional d'Aquitaine, Conseil Général des Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Conseil des Elus du Pays-Basque, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Netherlands Forensic Institute, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, Génétique Evolutive Humaine - Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rambam Health Care Campus [Haifa, Israel], Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), University of Adelaide, Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Centre de recherche sur la langue et les textes basques (IKER), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Maladies Rares - Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Hôpital Pellegrin-Service de Génétique Médicale du CHU de Bordeaux, This work was supported by the Institut Pasteur, National Geographic, and the Histoire des populations et variation linguistique dans les Pyrénées de l'Ouest project, which received funding from the Conseil Régional d'Aquitaine, the Conseil Général des Pyrénées-Atlantiques, the Conseil des Elus du Pays-Basque, and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique interdisciplinary program Origine de l'Homme, des Langues et du Langage. This study also benefited from the support of Department of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, in Bayonne, and Association Sang 64., and Genographic Consortium Members: Syama Adhikarla (Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India), Christina J. Adler (University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia), Elena Balanovska (Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia), Oleg Balanovsky (Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia), Jaume Bertranpetit (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain), Andrew C. Clarke (University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand), Alan Cooper (University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia), Clio S. I. Der Sarkissian (University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia), Matthew C. Dulik (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States), Jill B. Gaieski (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States), ArunKumar GaneshPrasad (Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India), Angela Hobbs (National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa), Asif Javed (IBM, Yorktown Heights, New York, United States), Li Jin (Fudan University, Shanghai, China), Matthew E. Kaplan (University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States), Shilin Li (Fudan University, Shanghai, China), Elizabeth A. Matisoo-Smith (University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand), Marta Melé (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain), Nirav C. Merchant (University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States), R. John Mitchell (La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia), Amanda C. Owings (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States), Laxmi Parida (IBM, Yorktown Heights, New York, United States), Ramasamy Pitchappan (Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India), Daniel E. Platt (IBM, Yorktown Heights, New York, United States), Colin Renfrew (University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom), Daniela R. Lacerda (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil), Ajay K. Royyuru (IBM, Yorktown Heights, New York, United States), Fabrício R. Santos (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil), Theodore G. Schurr (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States), Himla Soodyall (National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa), David F. Soria Hernanz (National Geographic Society, Washington, District of Columbia, United States), Pandikumar Swamikrishnan (IBM, Somers, New York, United States), Chris Tyler-Smith (The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom), Arun Varatharajan Santhakumari (Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India), Pedro Paulo Vieira (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), Miguel G. Vilar (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States), R. Spencer Wells (National Geographic Society, Washington, District of Columbia, United States), Janet S. Ziegle (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, California, United States) more...
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Haplogroup H ,Population ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Context (language use) ,Biology ,DNA, Mitochondrial ,Haplogroup ,White People ,Prehistory ,Gene Frequency ,Report ,Ethnicity ,Genetics ,Humans ,Genetics(clinical) ,education ,Genetics (clinical) ,Mesolithic ,Phylogeny ,[SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics ,education.field_of_study ,Genètica humana ,Genètica de poblacions ,Base Sequence ,País Basc ,Genetic Variation ,Before Present ,Addendum ,Genetics, Population ,Haplotypes ,Evolutionary biology ,Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup - Abstract
Behar, Doron M. et al.-- The Genographic Consortium, Different lines of evidence point to the resettlement of much of western and central Europe by populations from the Franco-Cantabrian region during the Late Glacial and Postglacial periods. In this context, the study of the genetic diversity of contemporary Basques, a population located at the epicenter of the Franco-Cantabrian region, is particularly useful because they speak a non-Indo-European language that is considered to be a linguistic isolate. In contrast with genome-wide analysis and Y chromosome data, where the problem of poor time estimates remains, a new timescale has been established for the human mtDNA and makes this genome the most informative marker for studying European prehistory. Here, we aim to increase knowledge of the origins of the Basque people and, more generally, of the role of the Franco-Cantabrian refuge in the postglacial repopulation of Europe. We thus characterize the maternal ancestry of 908 Basque and non-Basque individuals from the Basque Country and immediate adjacent regions and, by sequencing 420 complete mtDNA genomes, we focused on haplogroup H. We identified six mtDNA haplogroups, H1j1, H1t1, H2a5a1, H1av1, H3c2a, and H1e1a1, which are autochthonous to the Franco-Cantabrian region and, more specifically, to Basque-speaking populations. We detected signals of the expansion of these haplogroups at ∼4,000 years before present (YBP) and estimated their separation from the pan-European gene pool at ∼8,000 YBP, antedating the Indo-European arrival to the region. Our results clearly support the hypothesis of a partial genetic continuity of contemporary Basques with the preceding Paleolithic/Mesolithic settlers of their homeland., This work was supported by the Institut Pasteur, National Geographic, and the Histoire des populations et variation linguistique dans les Pyrénées de l'Ouest project, which received funding from the Conseil Régional d'Aquitaine, the Conseil Général des Pyrénées-Atlantiques, the Conseil des Elus du Pays-Basque, and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique interdisciplinary program Origine de l'Homme, des Langues et du Langage. This study also benefited from the support of Department of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, in Bayonne, and Association Sang 64. more...
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- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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