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Spin coating technique has been used to fabricate room temperature chlorine gas sensor based on copper (II) 1, 4, 8, 11, 15, 18, 22, 25‐octabutoxy‐29 H, 31 H‐phthalocyanine (CuPc(OBu)8) films. Gas sensor shows a response of 185% to few parts per billion level of Cl2 gas with response time of 9.5 minutes at room temperature. The interactions between sensor and analytes followed first order kinetics with rate constant 0.01≤k≤0.02. The chemiresistive sensor showed very good stability at room temperature over a long period of time.

Lack of awareness of signs and symptoms and risk factors of oral cancer can lead to late presentation of the disease that contributes to poor survival of patients who contract it. This study aims to determine the level of awareness regarding oral cancer in adult patients attending School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia.This was a cross-sectional study in which face-to-face interview of 108 subjects aged 20-65 was conducted. The questionnaire consisted of personnel details and questions regarding awareness of risk factors, complications, signs and symptoms, and prevention of oral cancer. Each response was assigned scores where one (1) mark was given for a correct answer and one (1) mark was subtracted for every wrong answer. The scores were added up to obtain total individual score.Majority of the patients interviewed were from the age range of 20-29. Most of the respondents were Malays with females having a higher percentage (52.8%) than males (47.2%). Majority of the patients (89.9%) were aware regarding the presence of the oral cancer. However, there was no significant association of age range and gender (p0.05). 96.7% of subjects who have had higher education were significantly more aware about the presence of oral cancer when compared to those without any schooling (p0.05). There was a high awareness of the link between smoking, tobacco chewing, betel nut chewing, and alcohol (93.5%, 85.2%, 75.9%, and 68.5%, respectively) with oral cancer. Almost three-fourth (73%) scored between 10 and 19 out of the maximum of 23 with the mean score of 13.4 (standard deviation, 4.37). All our subjects agreed that early detection of oral cancer could improve chances of successfully treating them.There was a moderate level of awareness regarding oral cancer towards its risk factors, complications, signs and symptoms, and prevention of oral cancer.

Chondrosarcomas are malignant tumours of cartilaginous origin. They range from a well-differentiated growth resembling a benign cartilage tumour to a high-grade malignancy with aggressive local behaviour and the potential to metastasize. Only 5% to 10% of chondrosarcomas are known to occur in the head and neck region. A case of chondrosarcoma of the anterior region of the mandible is presented, along with a review of the relevant literature.

Introduction: HPV infection has been associated with a subset of head and neck cancers and current evidence suggest that it may be an important risk factor for oral cancer. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing, we recently demonstrated the presence of HPV in more than 50 of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients and that high-risk HPV is significantly associated with OSCC. Serological detection of HPV has been reported the most convenient method for detecting HPV. However, currently there is a lack of serological assays for the detection of the HPV. The HPV E6 viral oncoprotein is known to play crucial role in tumorigenesis, therefore detecting the presence of the E6 protein could be a useful biomarker for HPV detection.Methods: A pGEX plasmid containing HPV 16 E6 gene was ligated with KT3 oligonucleotide. Constructed plasmid was then transformed into Escherichia coli for production of the recombinant protein which was used as antigen in ELISA assay. ELISA was optimized using anti KT3 antibody to detect the recombinant antigen. HPV ELISA was performed on sera from 18 healthy and 15 OSCC patients obtained from the Malaysian Oral Cancer Database & Tissue Bank System (MOCDTBS) which is coordinated by Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre (OCRCC). Sera that have net OD above calculated cutoff value were determined as HPV seropositive. Fisher's Exact test was used for statistical evaluation.Results: An ELISA method to detect the presence of HPV16 E6 protein was successfully developed. Using this method, 33.3 (5/15) of OSCC and 16.7 (3/18) of healthy patients were found to be HPV 16 seropositive. No significant association was found between HPV 16 seropositivity and OSCC occurrence (P value = 0.428).Discussion: Although there is a trend to support our previous findings using PCR where a larger proportion of OSCC patients were HPV positive in comparison to healthy individuals, our results using ELISA method did not show any statistical significance. This remains to be tested in a larger sample set to confirm pur preliminary result that could more representative of our patient population.

Nanowires of Zn(II) 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octakis(octyloxy)-29H,31H-phthalocyanine (ZnPcOC8) and nanoflowers of Cu(II) 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octakis(octyloxy)-29H,31H-phthalocyanine (CuPcOC8) have been uniformly grown onto glass substrate by employing a cost effective solution based self-assembly technique. The nanowires and nanoflowers were characterized by XRD, SEM and UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy. It has been demonstrated that these nanowires and nanoflowers were highly sensitive towards Cl2 at room temperature with a detection limit as low as 5 ppb. The response of nanowires and nanoflowers varied linearly from 93% to 715% and 85% to 550% for 5–1500 ppb of Cl2. Raman spectroscopic and XPS studies revealed that the central metal ions of ZnPcOC8 and CuPcOC8 were the predominant absorption sites for Cl2. The results emphasized the application of these nanostructures as low cost and highly sensitive room temperature Cl2 sensors.

Aim : This study aims to evaluate the cytotoxicity of a new fast set highly viscous conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) with L929 fibroblasts. Materials and Methods : The cement capsule was mixed and introduced into a paraffin wax mould. After setting, the cement was incubated in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium. Six replicates of the material extract were added to the culture medium in 96-well plates. L929 mouse fibroblast cells were added into the wells and then incubated for 48 h. Dimethylthiazol diphenyltetrazolium bromide test was performed for cytotoxicity evaluation. Results : The results showed that this GIC brand did not yield a half-maximal inhibitory concentration value, IC50, as the cell viability was above 50% at all concentrations. Cell viability over 90% was observed at the concentrations of 3.125 and 1.5625 mg/ml. Maximum concentration of the material showed cell viability of 59.4%. Conclusions : This new fast set highly viscous conventional GIC showed low cytotoxicity to mouse fibroblast cells, and it can be suggested as a substitute for dental cements exhibiting a long setting time.

Background Association of High-risk Human Papillomavirus (HR-HPV) with oral cancer has been established recently. Detecting these viruses in oral cavity is important to prevent oral lesions related to them. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of HR-HPV in the oral cavity of women with cervical cancer, and their children. A total of 70 women, previously diagnosed with cervical cancer, and 46 children of these women, born by vaginal delivery only, were selected for this study. Buccal swabs were collected from their oral cavity and HPV detection was carried out using Hybrid Capture 2 high-risk HPV (HC2 HR-HPV) detection system. Results Out of 70 women with cervical cancer, four (5.71%) were found to be positive for HR-HPV in their oral cavity. No association of HR-HPV was found with sociodemographic profile, marital status, reproductive history, tobacco and alcohol usage, contraceptive pills usage, and presence of oral lesions (p>0.05). Among children, HR-HPV in the oral cavity was detected in only 1 of the 46 subjects examined (2.17%). Clinically healthy oral mucosa, without any oral lesions, was observed in all the HR-HPV positive subjects. Conclusion The result of this study showed that there is low, if any, risk of HR-HPV infection in the oral cavity of women with cervical cancer. Further, our study suggests that there is very low risk for children of women with cervical cancer, to acquire and sustain HR-HPV in their oral cavity until childhood or adolescence.

Background The treatment of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) and human osteosarcoma (HOS) includes surgery and/or radiotherapy which often lead to reduced quality of life. This study was aimed to study the antiproliferative activity of local honey (Tualang) on OSCC and HOS cell lines. Methods Several concentrations of Tualang honey (1% - 20%) were applied on OSCC and HOS cell lines for 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. Morphological characteristics were observed under light and fluorescent microscope. Cell viability was assessed using MTT assay and the optical density for absorbance values in each experiment was measured at 570 nm by an ELISA reader. Detection of cellular apoptosis was done using the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit. Results Morphological appearance showed apoptotic cellular changes like becoming rounded, reduction in cell number, blebbed membrane and apoptotic nuclear changes like nuclear shrinkage, chromatin condensation and fragmented nucleus on OSCC and HOS cell lines. Cell viability assay showed a time and dose-dependent inhibitory effect of honey on both cell lines. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) for OSCC and HOS cell lines was found to be 4% and 3.5% respectively. The maximum inhibition of cell growth of ≥80% was obtained at 15% for both cell lines. Early apoptosis was evident by flow cytometry where percentage of early apoptotic cells increased in dose and time dependent manner. Conclusion Tualang honey showed antiproliferative effect on OSCC and HOS cell lines by inducing early apoptosis.