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78. Visual impairment, severe visual impairment, and blindness in children in Britain (BCVIS2): a national observational study

Author

Teoh, Lucinda J, primary, Solebo, Ameenat Lola, additional, Rahi, Jugnoo S, additional, Abbott, Joe, additional, Abdullah, Wajda, additional, Adams, Gill, additional, Allen, Louise, additional, Anderson, Christopher, additional, Ansell, Karen, additional, Anwar, Samira, additional, Ash, Isabel, additional, Ashworth, Jane, additional, Aslam, Sher, additional, Astagi, Majunath, additional, Ball, Colin, additional, Balu, Rajesh, additional, Barrett, Victoria, additional, Bassi, Zahabiyah, additional, Bates, Adam, additional, Batra, Dushyant, additional, Bell, Sarah, additional, Belmour, Linda, additional, Benzimra, James, additional, Birrell, Ginny, additional, Biswas, Susmito, additional, Blaikie, Andrew, additional, Blundell, Michael, additional, Bolton, Kate, additional, Bos, Ewoud, additional, Bowen, Pamela, additional, Bowman, Richard, additional, Boyle, Natalie, additional, Bradbury, John, additional, Bredow, Maria, additional, Bregu, Marsel, additional, Brennan, Nicholas, additional, Brennan, Rosie, additional, Brittain, Paul, additional, Buchanan, Charles, additional, Bunce, Catey, additional, Bunting, Howard, additional, Burgess, Priscilla, additional, Burke, Cathie, additional, Bush, Alexandra Kate, additional, Butcher, Jeremy, additional, Butler, Lucilla, additional, Cane, Clare, additional, Chadwick, Cathryn, additional, Charlton, Ruth, additional, Childs, Anne-Marie, additional, Choi, Jessy, additional, Choleva, Vivi, additional, Churchill, Amanda, additional, Clarke, Michael, additional, Clayton, Peter, additional, Clifford, Luke, additional, Connor, Alan, additional, Cox, Rachel, additional, Cresswell, Lyn, additional, Dahlmann-Noor, Annegret, additional, D'Amore, Angela, additional, Dattani, Mehul, additional, Dean, Fiona, additional, Devlin, Anita, additional, Dhir, Luna, additional, Doherty, Cora, additional, Dorey, Suzanne, additional, Drimmie, Fiona, additional, Duke, Tina, additional, Dutton, Gordon, additional, Eaton, Fiona, additional, Eaton, Megan, additional, Eckersley, Danielle, additional, Edelsten, Clive, additional, Elderkin, Rachel, additional, Ennis, Julia, additional, Escardo-Paton, Julia, additional, Estephen, Ziad, additional, Etuwewe, Onajite, additional, Evans, Anthony, additional, Ezekwe, Adjoa, additional, Fairfield, Jenny, additional, Falzon, Kevin, additional, Ferguson, Allison, additional, Fleck, Brian, additional, Gainsborough, Mary, additional, Galloway, Alexandra, additional, Gerson-Sofer, Naomi, additional, Gibbon, Caspar, additional, Gibson, Patricia, additional, Goss, Kevin, additional, Graham-Evans, Katherine, additional, Gray, Judith, additional, Gregory, Anna, additional, Gulati, Arun, additional, Gurtin-Zorkun, Deniz, additional, Guy, Emma, additional, Haddad, Diab, additional, Haggerty, Helen, additional, Haigh, Paul, additional, Hale, Julia, additional, Hamada, Samer, additional, Hancox, Joanne, additional, Hanna, Kerry, additional, Harris, Sian, additional, Harrison, Christine, additional, Harvey, Phillip, additional, Headland, Sophie, additional, Heath, Dominic, additional, Heaton, Paul, additional, Henderson, Robert, additional, Hingorani, Melanie, additional, Hirst, Zoe, additional, Hogg, Claire, additional, Hogler, Wolfgang, additional, Holden, Roger, additional, Hoole, Janice, additional, Horridge, Karen, additional, Howard, Delyth, additional, Howells, Rachel, additional, Irvine, Vanessa, additional, Irving, Clare, additional, Johnson, Nicola, additional, Johnston, Ian, additional, Jollands, Alice, additional, Jones, David, additional, Joseph, Annie, additional, Joshi, Archana, additional, Kandaswamy, Pugazhvendan, additional, Kattakayam, Charles, additional, Keenan, Joseph, additional, Kelly, Anne, additional, Kersey, James, additional, Khan, Awais, additional, Khaw, Peng, additional, Kipioti, Tina, additional, Kiran, Sadia, additional, Kneen, Lesley, additional, Kotagiri, Ajay, additional, Kulshrestha, Richa, additional, Lambley, Rosemary, additional, Lavy, Tim, additional, Lawson, Joanna, additional, Lee, Vicki, additional, Leitch, Jane, additional, Lennon, Julie, additional, Lipshen, Gabi, additional, Lloyd, Chris, additional, Loftus, John, additional, Lomas, Tom, additional, Long, Vernon, additional, Mackinnon, Jane, additional, MacRae, Mary, additional, Mahmood, Usman, additional, Maino, Anna, additional, Maling, Sarah, additional, Mansfield, David, additional, Marder, Elizabeth, additional, Markham, Richard, additional, Marr, Jane, additional, Marsh, Catherine, additional, Maw, Anna, additional, McCartney, Eleanor, additional, McCullagh, Helen, additional, McDonald, Anna, additional, McPhee, Derek, additional, Miall, Lawrence, additional, Mistry, Shila, additional, Moate, Benjamin, additional, Mohan, Meyyammai, additional, Moore, Helen, additional, Moore, Will, additional, Morgan, Nicola, additional, Morton, Claire, additional, Mulvihill, Alan, additional, Nair, Ranjit, additional, Newman, Bill, additional, Nitsch, Christiane, additional, O'Connell, Katy, additional, Oluonye, Ngozi, additional, Pai, Vittaldas, additional, Palmer, Helen, additional, Papadopoulos, Maria, additional, Parkinson, Shelagh, additional, Parmar, Bina, additional, Parulekar, Manoj, additional, Parvathareddy, Madhavi, additional, Patel, Dipesh, additional, Patel, Himanshu, additional, Patel, Kamal, additional, Pennefather, Philippa, additional, Petrone, Flaudia, additional, Pierrepoint, Marcus, additional, Pilling, Rachel, additional, Pollard, Sally, additional, Puertas, Renata, additional, Pysden, Karen, additional, Quinn, Anthony, additional, Quinn, Philip, additional, Rachdan, Diyaa, additional, Raina, Jyoti, additional, Rajak, Saul, additional, Ramm, Laura, additional, Rands, Catherine, additional, Rao, Tekki, additional, Ray, Mary, additional, Reddy, Ashwin, additional, Reilly, Sheilla, additional, Rekha, Maralla, additional, Richardson, Greg, additional, Riordan, Andrew, additional, Roberts, Nerys, additional, Robertson, Helen, additional, Robinson, Gillian, additional, Rogers, Neil, additional, Saeed, Shakir, additional, Salmon, Caroline, additional, Sargent, Jenefer, additional, Sarvananthan, Nagini, additional, Schmoll, Conrad, additional, Self, James, additional, Sellar, P, additional, Service, Elaine, additional, Shafiq, Ayad, additional, Shah, Shilpa, additional, Sharma, Vinod, additional, Sharp, Jemima, additional, Shaw, Julia, additional, Shenoy, Manjula, additional, Sleep, Tamsin, additional, Smit, Elisa, additional, Smyth, Katherine, additional, Speedwell, Lynne, additional, Spowart, Katherine, additional, Standring, P, additional, Stanga, Paulo, additional, Stanley, Alison, additional, Stanton, Alan, additional, Steel, David, additional, Stephen, John, additional, Stewart, Catherine, additional, Street, Jessica, additional, Stucke, Sally, additional, Sutherland, Shona, additional, Tambe, Katya, additional, Tandon, Anamika, additional, Tappin, Alison, additional, Taylor, Kate, additional, Taylor, Robert, additional, Teasdale, Katherine, additional, Theodorou, Maria, additional, Thomas, Gareth, additional, Thomas, Megan, additional, Thomas, Paula, additional, Thompson, Dorothy, additional, Thomson, Stephen, additional, Thopte, Indrajit, additional, Tiffin, Peter, additional, Tillett, Angela, additional, Traunecker, Heidi, additional, Tsimpida, Maria, additional, Van Someren, Vivienne, additional, Venkatesh, Udupa, additional, Vermaak, Zoe, additional, Vincent, Michael, additional, Walker, David, additional, Walker, Simon, additional, Walsh, Deidre, additional, Walters, Bronwyn, additional, Ward Platt, Martin, additional, Watson, Louise, additional, Watts, Patrick, additional, West, Siobhan, additional, West, Stephanie, additional, White, Cathy, additional, White, Joy, additional, Whitlingum, Gabriel, additional, Williams, Cathy, additional, Wilne, Sophie, additional, Wilson, Janice, additional, Wong, Chien, additional, Woodbridge, Tamsin, additional, Wright, Paul, additional, Wyles, Martha, additional, and Wylie, Philip, additional

Published
2021
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82. Healthcare worker protection against epidemic viral respiratory disease.

Author

Scantling-Birch, Yarrow, Newton, Richard, Naveed, Hasan, Rajak, Saul, and Bhutta, Mahmood F.

Subjects
MEDICAL personnel, VIRUS diseases, RESPIRATORY diseases, RESPIRATORY protective devices, EPIDEMICS, REVERSE genetics, INFLUENZA, HELMETS
Abstract

Lower respiratory infections are often caused or precipitated by viruses and are a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Mutations in these viral genomes can produce highly infectious strains that transmit across species and have the potential to initiate epidemic, or pandemic, human viral respiratory disease. Transmission between humans primarily occurs via the airborne route and is accelerated by our increasingly interconnected and globalised society. To this date, there have been four major human viral respiratory outbreaks in the 21st century. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at particular risk during respiratory epidemics or pandemics. This is due to crowded working environments where social distancing, or wearing respiratory personal protective equipment for prolonged periods, might prove difficult, or performing medical procedures that increase exposure to virus-laden aerosols, or bodily fluids. This review aims to summarise the evidence and approaches to occupational risk and protection of HCWs during epidemic or pandemic respiratory viral disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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90. Pre-operative trichiatic eyelash pattern predicts post-operative trachomatous trichiasis

Author

Gower, Emily W., primary, Munoz, Beatriz, additional, Rajak, Saul, additional, Habtamu, Esmael, additional, West, Sheila K., additional, Merbs, Shannath L., additional, Harding, Jennifer C., additional, Alemayehu, Wondu, additional, Callahan, E. Kelly, additional, Emerson, Paul M., additional, Gebre, Teshome, additional, and Burton, Matthew J., additional

Published
2019
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98. Predictors of Trachomatous Trichiasis Surgery Outcome

Author

Habtamu, Esmael, Wondie, Tariku, Aweke, Sintayehu, Tadesse, Zerihun, Zerihun, Mulat, Gashaw, Bizuayehu, Wondimagegn, Guadie S, Mengistie, Hiwot D, Rajak, Saul N, Callahan, Kelly, Weiss, Helen A, and Burton, Matthew J

Abstract

PURPOSE: Unfavorable outcomes after trachomatous trichiasis (TT) surgery are undermining the global trachoma elimination effort. This analysis investigates predictors of postoperative TT (PTT), eyelid contour abnormalities (ECAs), and granuloma in the 2 most common TT surgery procedures: posterior lamellar tarsal rotation (PLTR) and bilamellar tarsal rotation (BLTR). DESIGN: Secondary data analysis from a randomized, controlled, single-masked clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1000 patients with TT, with lashes touching the eye or evidence of epilation, in association with tarsal conjunctival scarring. METHODS: Participants were randomly allocated and received BLTR (n = 501) or PLTR (n = 499) surgery. Disease severity at baseline, surgical incisions, sutures, and corrections were graded during and immediately after surgery. Participants were examined at 6 and 12 months by assessors masked to allocation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Predictors of PTT, ECA, and granuloma. RESULTS: Data were available for 992 (99.2%) trial participants (496 in each arm). There was strong evidence that performing more peripheral dissection with scissors in PLTR (odd ratio [OR], 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54-0.91; P = 0.008) and BLTR (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72-0.96; P = 0.01) independently protected against PTT. Baseline major trichiasis and mixed location lashes and immediate postoperative central undercorrection independently predicted PTT in both surgical procedures. Peripheral lashes in PLTR (OR, 5.91; 95% CI, 1.48-23.5; P = 0.01) and external central incision height ≥4 mm in BLTR (OR, 2.89; 95% CI, 1.55-5.41; P = 0.001) were independently associated with PTT. Suture interval asymmetry of >2 mm (OR, 3.18; 95% CI, 1.31-7.70; P = 0.01) in PLTR and baseline conjunctival scarring in BLTR (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.06-2.81; P = 0.03) were independently associated with ECA. Older age was independently associated with ECA in both PLTR (P value for trend < 0.0001) and BLTR (P value for trend = 0.03). There was substantial intersurgeon variability in ECA rates for both PLTR (range, 19.0%-36.2%) and BLTR (range, 6.1%-28.7%) procedures. In PLTR surgery, irregular posterior lamellar incision at the center of the eyelid (OR, 6.72; 95% CI, 1.55-29.04; P = 0.01) and ECA (OR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.37-6.94; P = 0.007) resulted in granuloma formation. CONCLUSIONS: Poor postoperative outcomes in TT surgery were associated with inadequate peripheral dissection, irregular incision, asymmetric suture position and tension, inadequate correction, and lash location. Addressing these will improve TT surgical outcomes.

Published
2017

99. Podoconiosis, trachomatous trichiasis and cataract in northern Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study

Author

Burn, Helen, Aweke, Sintayehu, Wondie, Tariku, Habtamu, Esmael, Deribe, Kebede, Rajak, Saul, Bremner, Stephen, and Davey, Gail

Subjects
Bacterial Diseases, Adult, Male, Trichiasis, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Eye Diseases, lcsh:RC955-962, Ocular Anatomy, Surgical and Invasive Medical Procedures, Cataract, Geographical Locations, Cornea, Ocular System, Medicine and Health Sciences, Parasitic Diseases, Humans, Elephantiasis, Podoconiosis, Aged, Trachoma, Aged, 80 and over, Cataracts, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Ophthalmic Procedures, Biology and Life Sciences, lcsh:RA1-1270, Cataract Surgery, Middle Aged, Tropical Diseases, Ophthalmology, Infectious Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Lens Disorders, People and Places, Africa, Eyes, Female, Ethiopia, Anatomy, Head, Research Article, Neglected Tropical Diseases
Abstract

Background Rural populations in low-income countries commonly suffer from the co-morbidity of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Podoconiosis, trachomatous trichiasis (both NTDs) and cataract are common causes of morbidity among subsistence farmers in the highlands of northern Ethiopia. We explored whether podoconiosis was associated with cataract or trachomatous trichiasis (TT) among this population. Methods A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in East Gojam region, Amhara, Ethiopia in May 2016. Data were collected from patients previously identified as having podoconiosis and from matched healthy neighbourhood controls. Information on socio-demographic factors, clinical factors and past medical history were collected by an interview-administered questionnaire. Clinical examination involved grading of podoconiosis by examination of both legs, measurement of visual acuity, direct ophthalmoscopy of dilated pupils to grade cataract, and eyelid and corneal examination to grade trachoma. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to estimate independent association and correlates of podoconiosis, TT and cataract. Findings A total of 700 participants were included in this study; 350 podoconiosis patients and 350 healthy neighbourhood controls. The prevalence of TT was higher among podoconiosis patients than controls (65 (18.6%) vs 43 (12.3%)) with an adjusted odds ratio OR 1.57 (95% CI 1.02–2.40), p = 0.04. There was no significant difference in prevalence of cataract between the two populations with an adjusted OR 0.83 (95% CI 0.55–1.25), p = 0.36. Mean best visual acuity was 0.59 (SD 0.06) in podoconiosis cases compared to 0.44 (SD 0.04) in controls, p, Author summary Podoconiosis is an NTD causing chronic leg swelling in subsistence farming communities in the tropics. There is no research on the association between podoconiosis and two common causes of blindness and visual impairment; trachomatous trichiasis (TT) and cataract. TT is the blinding consequence of conjunctival scarring in trachoma, the leading infectious cause of blindness globally. Cataract is an age-related disease of the lens and remains the leading cause of visual impairment worldwide. Both podoconiosis and TT are NTDs endemic to Ethiopia and promote poverty through many factors such as disability, reduced economic productivity and stigma. This comparative cross-sectional study explored the association between podoconiosis and these two eye diseases. We found that podoconiosis patients were burdened with higher levels of blindness and low vision, had higher prevalence of TT and more severe cataract than their matched neighbourhood controls. These findings can help to direct an integrated approach to managing these two NTDs (podoconiosis and TT) and trigger further research in to the wider context of the double burden of eye disease and NTDs.

Published
2017

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