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Axillary bud explants of Oxalis corniculta grown in the field were excised and inoculated on MS medium with various concentrations and combinations of auxins (2, 4-D and NAA) and cytokinins (BAP and Kn) for indirect shoot formation through callus induction. Indirect organogenesis was achieved by the application of PGRs such as BAP, Kn, and NAA in the culture medium. The maximum mean shoot number (9.2) and regeneration frequency (77%) was found with BAP (2.0 mg/l) and NAA (0.5 mg/l). Healthy microshoots were separated and transferred to rooting medium supplemented with NAA, IBA and IAA. MS medium augmented with NAA 2.0 mg/l was found to be best for rooting. The regenerated plantlets were then hardened, acclimatized and where exhibited 75% survivability. The reproducible protocol can be used for regeneration and genetic transformation studies. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 32(2): 181-191, 2022 (December)

Applying biochar in crop farming or agriculture activity generally increases productivity through improved soil fertility and water holding capacity. However, there is a lack of empirical data on the effects of sago bark waste-derived biochar on the growth media of Capsicum annuum L. This work, reported the effect of sago bark biochar and acid-base treated sago bark biochar on Capsicum annuum L. var. Kulai growth media fertility. The plant growth study was carried out using completely random design experimental layouts with five replicates and 8 treatments at various biochar application rates (0.5,1.5, & 3.0%, w/w). Results showed that plant grown with 1.5% sago bark biochar has the highest number of the leaf (122.90). Plant with 1.5% acid-base treated sago bark biochar showed a significantly (p

INTRODUCTION: SABINA III assessed short-acting β(2)-agonist (SABA) prescription patterns and their association with asthma-related outcomes globally. Herein, we examined SABA prescription and clinical outcomes in the Malaysian cohort of SABINA III. METHOD: In this observational, cross-sectional study, patients (≥12 years) were recruited between July and December 2019 from 15 primary and specialty care centres in Malaysia. Prescribed asthma treatments and severe exacerbation history within 12 months prior and asthma symptom control during the study visit were evaluated. Associations of SABA prescription with asthma control and severe exacerbation were analysed using multivariable regression models. RESULTS: Seven hundred thirty-one patients (primary care, n=265 [36.3%]; specialty care, n=466 [63.7%]) were evaluated. The prevalence of SABA over-prescription (≥3 SABA prescriptions/year) was 47.4% (primary care, 47.1%; specialty care, 47.6%), 51.8% and 44.5% among all patients and patients with mild and moderate-to-severe asthma, respectively. Altogether 9.0% (n=66) purchased SABA without a prescription; among them, 43.9% (n=29) purchased ≥3 inhalers. The mean (standard deviation) number of severe asthma exacerbations was 1.38 (2.76), and 19.7% (n=144) and 25.7% (n=188) had uncontrolled and partly controlled symptoms, respectively. Prescriptions of ≥3 SABA inhalers (vs 1–2) were associated with lower odds of at least partly controlled asthma (odds ratio=0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.27–0.67) and higher odds of having severe exacerbation(s) (odds ratio=2.04; 95% CI=1.44–2.89). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of SABA over-prescription in Malaysia is high, regardless of the prescriber type, emphasising the need for healthcare providers and policymakers to adopt latest evidence-based recommendations to address this public health concern.

Natural seed fiber reinforced composite materials are replacing many conventional ones because of their excellent properties, less weight, easy availability, etc. Composite materials are used in many areas because of their superior features. Mechanical property is one of the vital parameters for choosing the material. The current investigation has revealed an importance of recently well-known Wrightia tinctoria nano seed fibers (WTNSFs), which are extracted physically. Wrightia tinctoria nano seed fiber reinforced composite was prepared with the epoxy resin by hand layup method. Epoxy resin is easy to handle and available at low cost. Mechanical tests are conducted reinforced composites of plain epoxy and WTNSFs to obtain strength properties like tensile, flexural, impact. Water absorption tests also performed on composites. Here, the developed composites are easy to handle, offered economically, and used primarily in marine applications due to less water absorption and good wax content. A comprehensive description of different tests and the properties of WTNSFs are studied and compared with the other existing natural fibers. This work showed that 35% combination of WTNSFs reinforced epoxy matrix offers enhanced mechanical properties with minimum water absorption compared with plain epoxy composites.

This study aims to identify factors causing vandalism and intervention to reduce vandalism among year five students of Primary School Simpang Lima 1 Klang. Vandalism is a major problem faced by educators in schools. Among those involved in vandalime like intimidation, destroying school possessions and bullying. This action study uses quantitative approach with descriptive type design to obtain feedback from samples. The instrument of study used is a questionnaire. This study involved eight respondents selected from the year fivestudents from the school students personality System (SSDM). The study shows that a total of eight male pupils comprising Indians and Chinese are most dominant to do vandalism in the school. This study was conducted for four months on students who did vandalism. Based on the findings of research, indicating that factors that contribute to the formation of vandalism are caused by the negative influence of peers. Based on initial findings, a intervention programme is implemented to reduce problems in this school through “let go vandalism” (LGV) interventions involving several activities. There are five intervention programmes to be carried out through group activities and individual activities together with the students of vandalism. Among the interventions conducted are „why we are here", „psychodrama wipe out vandalism", „treasure", „motivation to myself", and „create dreams". The main factor for the intervention programme is to provide awareness among the year five pupils. The implications of this study found that interventions helped pupils increase selfawareness on offences committed. Several suggestions such as external party collaboration such as police, authorities, community and the support of parents are necessary to prevent the behavior of vandalism from continuing to be prevalent in school, {"references":["Abdul Rahman . 2012. Masalah pelanggaran dispiln pelajar-pelajar lelaki sekolah Menengah. Latihan ilmiah. Serdang:Universiti Pertanian Malaysia.","Abu Bakar Nordin (2013). Kurikulum Kearah Penghasilan Kemahiran Berfikiran Kritis, Kreatif dan Inovatif. Jurnal Kurikulum & Pengajaran Asia Pasifik, Jld 1, 1-9. Azizi Yahaya,Jamaludin Ramli, K,Shoba, (). Faktorfaktor mempengaruhi kemerosotan disiplin di kalangan pelajar sekolah menegah di Johor.","Azizi Yahaya, Shahrin Hushim, Mascilla Hamzah. (2012). Masalah Salah Laku Agresif dalam Kalangan Pelajar Sekolah Rendah dan Hubungannya dengan Gaya Keibubapaan. Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UTM Johor Bahru, Johor","Buerah Tunggak, Shanah Ngadi, Hamimah Abu Naim 2015). Delinkuen Pelajar Dan Cadangan Penyelesaiannya Menerusi Model Pembangunan Sahsiah Ramaja/Pelajar Muslim Bersepadu. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia","Corene de Wet, (2014). The extent and couses of learner vandalism at schools. Department of Comparative Education and Education Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Afrika.","Faramodyta Barcell, Marlini,(2013). faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya tindakan vandalisme di Kantor Arsip Perpustakaan dan Dokumentasi Kota Padang. Program Studi Ilmu Informasi Perpustakaan dan Kearsipan FBS Universitas Negeri Padang.","Gan Swee Eng, (2013). Tingkah laku vandalisme dalam kalangan pelajar Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan di Zon Labis,Johor. Fakulti Pendidikan Universiti Teknologi.","H. Syarif Hidayat. (2013). Pengaruh Kerjasama Orang Tua Dan Guru Terhadap Disiplin Peserta Didik Di Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) Negeri Kecamatan Jagakarsa-Jakarta Selatan. STIMA IMMI Jakarta."]}

Nucleate boiling, a ubiquitous heat transfer mode, involves multiple vapour bubble nucleations on the heater surface and offers high heat transfer coefficients. The bubble growth process on a heating substrate involves the formation of microlayer, a thin liquid film trapped between the growing bubble and the heating substrate, and contributes to the bubble growth phenomenon through evaporation. Microlayer dynamics for a single bubble have been widely investigated in the pool and flow boiling conditions. However, the literature on multiple bubbles interactions and their associated microlayer information is scarce. Notably, in the case of flow boiling, where the microlayer dynamics are not symmetric due to the bubble's movement, the bubbles’ interaction and its influence on associated microlayer dynamics have never been reported. Therefore, microlayer and bubble dynamics in multiple interactions have been investigated experimentally using simultaneous application of thin-film interferometry and high-speed videography techniques in flow boiling with water as the working fluid. Our experimental investigation revealed that the secondary nucleation could cause a reduction in lift-off time and may assist or hinder the movement of the first bubble. The experimental results also demonstrated that the secondary nucleation could deplete the microlayer of the first bubble hydrodynamically even when the bubbles are far apart. Furthermore, it has been found that the microlayer depletion rate depends on the growth rate and the location of the secondary nucleation. Hence, this experimental study emphasises the need to consider the interaction of bubbles while modelling boiling flows to avoid overestimating the contribution of microlayer evaporation.

This study explored perceptions of sense of belonging in academic and social contexts at West Coast University for Indian international LGBQ students in the United States with a focus on how institutional contexts and sociohistorical factors influence perceptions of sense of belonging on campus at the intersection of multiple identities. To address individual and institutional factors, a critical qualitative framework of Intersectionality (Crenshaw, 1989, 1991) and a constructivist qualitative framework of Sense of Belonging (Strayhorn, 2012) grounded this phenomenological study. The current study used intersectionality to highlight the multiple and intersecting sociohistorical structures that influence Indian international LGBQ students' perceptions of sense of belonging on campus. Sense of Belonging encapsulates how perceptions of personal and interpersonal experiences impact an individual's connectedness and overall success on campus. Strayhorn (2012) conceptualization of Sense of Belonging into seven elements is used in framing and analyzing the study. The seven elements are (a) sense of belonging is a basic human need; (b) is a fundamental motive; (c) takes on heightened importance in certain contexts at certain times in certain populations; (d) is related to, and seemingly is a consequence of, mattering; (e) social identities intersect and affect college students' sense of belonging; (f) engenders other positive outcomes; and (g)m be satisfied on a continual basis and likely changes as circumstances, conditions and contexts change (Strayhorn, 2012).All four participants partook in three semi-structured phenomenological interviews based on Seidman's (2013) three-part interview structure: (a) focused life history- understanding of individual and cultural values and journey to U.S. higher education; (b) details of the experience – exploring individual interactions in campus and academic contexts; and (c) reflection on the meaning of the phenomenon – how individuals perceive and make meaning of these experiences. The data analysis developed three major themes: (1) Defying Boundaries, Defining Self and Community, (2) Speaking Language to Power, and (3) Centering Self within Sociohistorical Contexts.Overall, participants did not feel strong sense of belonging on campus. While interpersonal relationships fostered some belonging, there was a clear lack of overall perceptions of sense of belonging within academic and social contexts. The most salient facets of identity influencing sense of belonging for Indian international LGBQ students were sexuality, race, international student status, linguistic ability, and gender. While undergraduate and graduate students had similar perceptions of sense of belonging, graduate students expressed a need for relationships with other Indian international students while undergraduate students intentionally looked for domestic social circles.At the institutional level, salient factors influencing belongingness for Indian international LGBQ students were: (a) lack of awareness among domestic peers and faculty; (b) lack of visibility of Indian international LGBQ identities and communities on campus, (c) English language testing and requirements and (d) lack of institutional funding support. Intersecting sociohistorical factors influenced individual perceptions of sense of belonging by creating a culture where students did not feel it possible to express their intersectional identities on campus. Finally the study ends with recommendations for practice and research by higher education professionals and scholars. The study concludes recommendations for practice and research to foster sense of belonging for Indian international LGBQ students by enhancing support and services specifically for this population while also challenging current definitions of sense of belonging and expanding monolithic representations of international students.

The increased production of derivatives of molecular oxygen and nitrogen in the form of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) lead to molecular damage called oxidative stress. Under normal physiological conditions, the ROS generation is tightly regulated in different cells and cellular compartments. Any disturbance in the balance between the cellular generation of ROS and antioxidant balance leads to oxidative stress. In this article, we discuss the sources of ROS (endogenous and exogenous) and antioxidant mechanisms. We also focus on the pathophysiological significance of oxidative stress in various cell types of the liver. Oxidative stress is implicated in the development and progression of various liver diseases. We narrate the master regulators of ROS-mediated signaling and their contribution to liver diseases. Nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) are influenced by a "multiple parallel-hit model" in which oxidative stress plays a central role. We highlight the recent findings on the role of oxidative stress in the spectrum of NAFLD, including fibrosis and liver cancer. Finally, we provide a brief overview of oxidative stress biomarkers and their therapeutic applications in various liver-related disorders. Overall, the article sheds light on the significance of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of the liver. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3167-3192, 2022.

This dissertation researched impact of online advertising on daily users of mobile internet in Malaysia. Advertising using internet is a new platform for marketers to create awareness, increase brand loyalty and to identify the customers through their daily feedback. The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of online advertising on daily mobile internet users. Four features of online advertising are discussed and examined in the research, irritation, updating, respond, and personality of online advertisements to make the daily mobile users positive or negative thinkers and make them customers. This study involving a survey of 100 sample size. The dataset underwent a statistical analysis, i.e., structural equation modeling (SEM). Findings reveal that features of online advertising do generate positive influence on purchase intentions. Results further reveal that the Pictures feature generates the highest possibility of consumers’ purchase intentions. Marketers will find these results useful as they can be used to maximize the impact of advertising efforts to generate purchase intentions especially in daily mobile internet users.

g-C3N4/Ca2Fe2O5 heterostructures were successfully prepared by incorporating g-C3N4 into Ca2Fe2O5 (CFO). As prepared g-C3N4/CFO heterostructures were initially utilized to photodegrade organic effluent Methylene blue (MB) for optimization of photodegradation performance. 50% g-C3N4 content in CFO composition showed an enhanced photodegradation efficiency (~ 96%) over g-C3N4 (48.15%) and CFO (81.9%) due to mitigation of recombination of photogenerated charge carriers by Type-II heterojunction. The optimized composition of heterostructure was further tested for degradation of Bisphenol-A (BPA) under direct sunlight, exhibiting enhanced photodegradation efficiency of about 63.1% over g-C3N4 (17%) and CFO (45.1%). The photoelectrochemical studies at various potentials with and without light illumination showed significant improvement in photocurrent response for g-C3N4/Ca2Fe2O5 heterostructures (~ 1.9 mA) over CFO (~ 67.4 μA). These studies revealed efficient solar energy harvesting ability of g-C3N4/Ca2Fe2O5 heterostructures to be utilized for organic effluent treatment.

Budesonide/formoterol (Symbicort®) as needed (PRN) is effective for the prevention of severe exacerbations in mild asthma. This economic model evaluated the cost effectiveness of budesonide/formoterol PRN versus (1) a short-acting β2-agonist (SABA) PRN and (2) maintenance budesonide plus SABA PRN for mild asthma in Malaysia. A decision analytical model was developed to evaluate the downstream economic consequences of the comparators from the payer’s perspective (i.e. Ministry of Health, Malaysia) with a fixed time horizon of 1 year, and no discounting was applied. Data were derived from published clinical trials (i.e. SYGMA 1, SYGMA 2, and Novel START), the latest Malaysian resources, and an expert panel. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per severe exacerbation avoided was determined. Sensitivity and scenario analyses were conducted to examine the robustness of the model. Treatment with budesonide/formoterol PRN (Malaysian ringgit [RM]773.39) had a lower total annual cost than SABA PRN (RM908.27) but a slightly higher cost than maintenance budesonide (RM760.51). The main cost driver was the disease management cost. Budesonide/formoterol PRN was a dominant intervention compared with SABA PRN and was associated with an ICER of RM696.11 per severe exacerbation avoided compared with maintenance budesonide. Scenario analysis with data from the Novel START trial indicated that budesonide/formoterol PRN was a dominant intervention compared with both SABA PRN and maintenance budesonide. Model outcomes were most affected by the mean inhalation of budesonide/formoterol PRN, the cost of managing severe exacerbations in hospital, and the probability of severe exacerbations with maintenance budesonide. From the Malaysian healthcare payer perspective, budesonide/formoterol PRN is either a dominant or likely to be a cost-effective treatment option in managing mild asthma.

Background: First-time mothers may experience postnatal depression and a lack of social support, affecting their life satisfaction. However, there is a lack of studies investigating the application of guided antenatal education support programs to deal with such issues.Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate the effects of guided antenatal education support programs on postnatal depression, social support, and life satisfaction among first-time mothers.Methods: This quasi-experimental study involved a total of 72 first-time mothers. Convenience sampling was applied for participant selection, and no randomization was used. The participants were equally divided into the intervention group and the control group. A self-administrated questionnaire was used for data collection during the antenatal period (pretest) and six weeks postpartum (posttest). The risk of postnatal depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). In addition, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were used to assess social support, and life satisfaction, respectively. The intervention group received a guided antenatal education support program, consisting of antenatal education sessions plus an extra 15-minute discussion and a support guidebook. The data were analyzed using a paired t-test and an independent t-test.Results: There was a significant reduction in the risk of postnatal depression score in the intervention group (p

Plasmonic metal nanoparticles are widely used for many applications due to their unique optical and chemical properties. Over the past decade, anisotropic metal nanoparticles have been explored for imaging, sensing, and diagnostic applications. The variations and flexibility of tuning the size and shape of the metal nanoparticles at the nanoscale made them promising candidates for biomedical applications such as therapeutics, diagnostics, and drug delivery. However, safety and risk assessment of the nanomaterials for clinical purposes are yet to be made owing to their cytotoxicity. The toxicity concern is primarily due to the conventional synthesis route that involves surfactants as a structure-directing agent and as a capping agent for nanoparticles. Wet chemical methods employ toxic auxiliary chemicals. However, the approach yields monodispersed nanoparticles, an essential criterion for their intended application and a limitation of the green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts. Several biocompatible counterparts such as polymers, lipids, and chitosan-based nanoparticles have been successfully used in the synthesis of safe nanomaterials, but there were issues regarding reproducibility and yield. Enzymatic degradation was one of the factors responsible for limiting the efficacy. Hence, it is necessary to develop a safer and nontoxic route towards synthesizing biocompatible nanomaterials while retaining morphology, high yield, and monodispersity. In this regard, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and carrageenan as capping agent for nanoparticles can ensure the safety. Carrageenan has the potential to act as antibacterial and antiviral agent, and adds enhanced stability to the nanoparticles. This leads to a multidimensional approach for utilizing safe nanomaterials for advanced biomedical and clinical applications.

Cell lines and patient-derived xenografts are essential to cancer research, however, the results derived from such models often lack clinical translatability, as these models do not fully recapitulate the complex cancer biology. It is critically important to better understand the systematic differences between cell lines, xenografts and clinical tumors, and to be able to identify pre-clinical models that sufficiently resemble the biological characteristics of clinical tumors across different cancers. On another side, direct comparison of transcriptional profiles from pre-clinical models and clinical tumors is infeasible due to the mixture of technical artifacts and inherent biological signals.To address these challenges, we developed MOBER, Multi-Origin Batch Effect Remover method, to simultaneously extract biologically meaningful embeddings and remove batch effects from transcriptomic datasets of different origin. MOBER consists of two neural networks: conditional variational autoencoder and source discriminator neural network that is trained in adversarial fashion. We applied MOBER on transcriptional profiles from 932 cancer cell lines, 434 patient-derived tumor xenografts and 11’159 clinical tumors and identified pre-clinical models with greatest transcriptional fidelity to clinical tumors, and models that are transcriptionally unrepresentative of their respective clinical tumors. MOBER can conserve the biological signals from the original datasets, while generating embeddings that do not encode confounder information. In addition, it allows for transformation of transcriptional profiles of pre-clinical models to resemble the ones of clinical tumors, and therefore can be used to improve the clinical translation of insights gained from pre-clinical models. As a batch effect removal method, MOBER can be applied widely to transcriptomics datasets of different origin, allowing for integration of multiple datasets simultaneously.